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forms of <a href="/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)" title="Sterilization (microbiology)">sterilization</a> practiced. It uses hot air that is either free from water vapor or has very little of it, where this moisture plays a minimal or no role in the process of sterilization.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process">Process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dry_heat_sterilization&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dry heat sterilization process is accomplished by conduction; that is where heat is absorbed by the exterior surface of an item and then passed inward to the next layer. Eventually, the entire item reaches the proper temperature needed to achieve sterilization. The proper time and temperature for dry heat sterilization is 160 °C (320 °F) for 2 hours or 170 °C (340 °F) for 1 hour, and in the case of High Velocity Hot Air sterilisers, 190°C (375°F) for 6 to 12 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Items should be dry before sterilization since water will interfere with the process. Dry heat destroys microorganisms by causing <a href="/wiki/Denaturation_(biochemistry)" title="Denaturation (biochemistry)">denaturation</a> of proteins. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Moist_heat_sterilization" title="Moist heat sterilization">Moist heat sterilization</a></div> <p>The presence of moisture, such as in steam sterilization, significantly speeds up heat penetration. </p><p>There are two types of hot air convection (Convection refers to the circulation of heated air within the chamber of the oven) sterilizers: </p> <ul><li>Gravity convection</li> <li>Mechanical convection</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanical_convection_process">Mechanical convection process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dry_heat_sterilization&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mechanical convection process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A mechanical convection oven contains a blower that actively forces heated air throughout all areas of the chamber. The flow created by the blower ensures uniform temperatures and the equal transfer of heat throughout the load. For this reason, the mechanical convection oven is the more efficient of the two processes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_Velocity_Hot_Air">High Velocity Hot Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dry_heat_sterilization&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: High Velocity Hot Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An even more efficient system than convection uses deturbulized hot air forced through a jet curtain at 3000ft/minute.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instruments_used_for_dry_heat_sterilization">Instruments used for dry heat sterilization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dry_heat_sterilization&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Instruments used for dry heat sterilization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Instruments and techniques used for dry heat sterilization include <a href="/wiki/Hot_air_oven" title="Hot air oven">hot air ovens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incineration" title="Incineration">incinerators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)#Flaming" title="Sterilization (microbiology)">flaming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)#Radiation_sterilization" title="Sterilization (microbiology)">radiation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)#Glass_bead_sterilizers" title="Sterilization (microbiology)">glass bead sterilizers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effect_on_microorganisms">Effect on microorganisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dry_heat_sterilization&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Effect on microorganisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dry heat lyses the proteins in any organism, causes oxidative <a href="/wiki/Free_radical_damage" class="mw-redirect" title="Free radical damage">free radical damage</a>, causes drying of cells, and can even burn them to ashes, as in incineration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dry_heat_sterilization&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sterility_assurance_level" title="Sterility assurance level">Sterility assurance level</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dry_heat_sterilization&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ISO 20857 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dry_heat_sterilization&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7855-266-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-7855-266-3">81-7855-266-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Panikar, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-250-2808-0" title="Special:BookSources/81-250-2808-0">81-250-2808-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hicpac/Disinfection_Sterilization/13_10otherSterilizationMethods.html">"029 This page has moved | HAI | CDC"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=029+This+page+has+moved+%26%23124%3B+HAI+%26%23124%3B+CDC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fhicpac%2FDisinfection_Sterilization%2F13_10otherSterilizationMethods.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADry+heat+sterilization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hvha.co.uk/tech">"HVHA TECH | UK | Metafix High Velocity Hot air Sterilisers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HVHA+TECH+%26%23124%3B+UK+%26%23124%3B+Metafix+High+Velocity+Hot+air+Sterilisers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hvha.co.uk%2Ftech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADry+heat+sterilization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_References">General References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dry_heat_sterilization&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: General References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNinemeier_J" class="citation book cs1">Ninemeier J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbspd.net/cstechpub.htm"><i>Central Service Technical Manual</i></a> (6th ed.). International Association of Healthcare Central Service Materiel Management. p. 159.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+Service+Technical+Manual&rft.pages=159&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=International+Association+of+Healthcare+Central+Service+Materiel+Management&rft.au=Ninemeier+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcbspd.net%2Fcstechpub.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADry+heat+sterilization" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dry_heat_sterilization&oldid=1152803722">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dry_heat_sterilization&oldid=1152803722</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sterilization_(microbiology)" title="Category:Sterilization (microbiology)">Sterilization (microbiology)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2019" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2019">Articles with dead external links from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 May 2023, at 12:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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