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Gianluca Ursini and Daniel R. Weinberger found the placenta plays a key role for risk for schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders. In contrast to prior studies which focused on how genes related to behavioral disorders directly alter prenatal brain development, this novel research found that many genes associated with risk for schizophrenia appear to alter early brain development indirectly, by influencing the health of the placenta. Researchers also found evidence the placenta appears to be at least part of the explanation for the sex bias associated with these disorders.</p><p>This new scientific frontier, with far-reaching implications for maternal and child health, creates the possibility that scientists can more accurately predict who is at risk of mental illness, and develop strategies to prevent or lessen their occurrence by increasing the resiliency and health of the placenta. <em>Nature Medicine</em>, 2018.</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-924d86f elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="924d86f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://www.libd.org/new-study-finds-placenta-health-affects-risk-of-schizophrenia/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z"></path></svg> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">OFFICIAL PRESS RELEASE</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8114db8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="8114db8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1d59391 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="1d59391" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">A promising new treatment for a form of autism spectrum disorder</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ffe5fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="ffe5fcc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>Dr. Brady Maher’s lab studied the TCF4 mutation in a rare form of autism called Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome to understand how the developing cortex is affected by this mutation. His group discovered that the SCN10a sodium channel was upregulated in expression in neurons having this mutation in both cell and animal models and that this is the basis of abnormal neuronal activity found in these models of this disorder. Reducing the abundance of this sodium channel either pharmacologically or by genetic manipulation rescued this physiological abnormality. <em>Neuron</em>, 2016.</p><p>We are working with a clinically approved drug that is well tolerated without adverse effects.This drug could be in a clinical trial for Pitt-Hopkins children within two years.</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c0fb0ff elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="c0fb0ff" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://www.libd.org/team/brady-maher"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z"></path></svg> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">BRADY MAHER LAB</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d8d4779 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="d8d4779" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-555b7f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="555b7f4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Genetic risk for schizophrenia implicates early life </h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-586d1aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="586d1aa" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>The discovery of specific genetic factors that contribute to risk for mental disorders represent landmark milestones in the history of psychiatric research.</p><p>Using the RNA seq dataset in human brain created in LIBD, Andrew Jaffe and LIBD scientists have shown that the genes associated with risk for schizophrenia regulate specific patterns of gene expression in the developing brain, suggesting that these genes exert pathogenic effects at least in part during early life. <em>Nature Neuroscience</em>, 2015.</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-497ecc0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="497ecc0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9e6d0a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="9e6d0a1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Environmental risk for schizophrenia implicates early life</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a45fbe8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="a45fbe8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>Andrew Jaffe and his co-workers showed that the epigenetic changes associated both with genetic risk for schizophrenia and with the clinical state of having schizophrenia reflect environmental influences that operate principally in early life and not during adulthood around the time of clinical on set of the diagnosis.</p><p>This group of investigators also showed that the risk genes for schizophrenia are principally about how “methylated” the genes are, i.e. at least 60% of PGC Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) loci are significant mEqtls. <em>Nature Neuroscience</em>, 2016</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-52dc529 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="52dc529" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-655952a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="655952a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Patterns of RNA editing change across human brain development</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bfc2884 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="bfc2884" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>The central dogma of biology is that a gene encodes a specific protein. Scientists at the Lieber Institute have discovered that the dogma can be violated after a gene is expressed with specific implications for brain development. RNA editing is increasingly recognized as a molecular mechanism regulating RNA activity and the recoding of proteins.</p><p>Lieber scientists reported the first detailed survey of RNA editing across the human genome in brain from prenatal life to old age. The Lieber Team headed by Joo Heon Shin identified three unique patterns of RNA editing across the lifespan: sites that are highly edited throughout life, some that are lowly edited throughout life, and some that show a dramatic pattern of increasing editing from early life to adult life. The increasing pattern has important implications for cortical function, particularly neuronal systems thought to be critical for memory and higher order thought.The developmentally increasing pattern also was disrupted in spinal cord injury and in brain tumors. These results provide new insight into the epitranscriptional regulation of sequence diversity and the modulation of cortical development after transcription. <em>Nature Neuroscience</em>, 2017.</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-64374c4 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="64374c4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://www.libd.org/functional-genomics/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z"></path></svg> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-abacd9a elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="abacd9a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://www.libd.org/data-sciencecomputational-biology/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z"></path></svg> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Data Science/Computational Biology</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4770db3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="4770db3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-847132a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="847132a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">A novel human unique protein is discovered as a risk factor for psychosis</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2d671de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="2d671de" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>Genetics studies of psychiatric disorders have identified many regions of the human genome where risk genes are found. Most of these regions contain several known genes, but which if any of them are critical for genetic risk is not always clear. Ming Li and colleagues at LIBD identified a previously unknown unique protein called AS3MT-d2d3 that accounts for one of the strongest links to genetic risk for schizophrenia as well as other psychiatric disorders and that is unique to human beings and dramatically turned on in early neuronal development.</p><p>The study, led by Director and CEO Daniel R. Weinberger, M.D., highlighted that genes accounting for significant GWAS loci cannot be identified by the physical location of the locus and requires molecular association studies likely in the human brain. This novel protein is being used in our drug development pipeline to find “druggable” targets that might undo the developmental influence of this pathogenic factor. <em>Nature Medicine</em>, 2016</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-919949b elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="919949b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://www.libd.org/team/Daniel-Weinberger/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z"></path></svg> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Daniel R. 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