Philosophical Issues Portal

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The term is alternatively... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Taoism" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/55/215355-138-2BE904F6/Top-questions-answers-Daoism.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Understanding Taoism: Ancient philosophy and way of life" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Taoism" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Taoism</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Taoism, indigenous religio-philosophical tradition that has shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years. In the broadest sense, a Taoist attitude toward life can be seen in the accepting and yielding,... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/epistemology" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/74/151874-050-649A0456/refraction-light-air-water-optical-illusion-straws.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="optical illusion: refraction of light" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/epistemology" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">epistemology</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Epistemology, the philosophical study of the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge. The term is derived from the Greek epistēmē (“knowledge”) and logos (“reason”), and accordingly the field is... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-philosophy" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/45/104845-050-4BA39E7A/avatar-Vishnu-Krishna-Mahabharata-horse-human-hero.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Krishna and Arjuna" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-philosophy" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Indian philosophy</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Indian philosophy, the systems of thought and reflection that were developed by the civilizations of the Indian subcontinent. They include both orthodox (astika) systems, namely, the Nyaya, Vaisheshika,... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/ethics-philosophy" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/53/2453-050-53A360D3/Detail-stela-Shamash-god-Code-of-Hammurabi.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Code of Hammurabi" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/ethics-philosophy" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">ethics</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Ethics, the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad and morally right and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles. (Read Britannica’s biography... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/formal-logic" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/92/41492-004-B3BF20CB/Alfred-North-Whitehead.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Alfred North Whitehead" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/formal-logic" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">formal logic</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Formal logic, the abstract study of propositions, statements, or assertively used sentences and of deductive arguments. 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This study takes different forms depending on the type of reasoning involved and on what the criteria of right reasoning are taken to be.... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy-of-physics" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/03/74303-050-69562B4B/Isaac-Newton.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Isaac Newton" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy-of-physics" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">philosophy of physics</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Philosophy of physics, philosophical speculation about the concepts, methods, and theories of the physical sciences, especially physics. The philosophy of physics is less an academic discipline—though... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy-of-mind" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/49/39749-050-E773E614/Max-Weber-1918.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Max Weber" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy-of-mind" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">philosophy of mind</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Philosophy of mind, reflection on the nature of mental phenomena and especially on the relation of the mind to the body and to the rest of the physical world. Philosophy is often concerned with the most... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-philosophy" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/29/99729-050-5F186DBA/Diorite-stela-Code-of-Hammurabi.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Code of Hammurabi" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-philosophy" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">political philosophy</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Political philosophy, branch of philosophy that is concerned, at the most abstract level, with the concepts and arguments involved in political opinion. The meaning of the term political is itself one... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Confucianism" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/10/184710-050-D6503292/Confucius-Shanghai-China.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Confucius" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Confucianism" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Confucianism</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Confucianism, the way of life propagated by Confucius in the 6th–5th century bce and followed by the Chinese people for more than two millennia. Although transformed over time, it is still the substance... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/61/218561-050-47A98FB5/seated-Buddha-bronze-sculpture.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Buddha" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Buddhism</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Buddhism, religion and philosophy that developed from the teachings of the Buddha (Sanskrit: “Awakened One”), a teacher who lived in northern India between the mid-6th and mid-4th centuries bce (before... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/aesthetics" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/21/30121-050-67D2C4BB/detail-Edmund-Burke-Joshua-Reynolds-studio-oil-1771.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Edmund Burke" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/aesthetics" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">aesthetics</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Aesthetics, the philosophical study of beauty and taste. It is closely related to the philosophy of art, which is concerned with the nature of art and the concepts in terms of which individual works of... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Western-philosophy" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/41/66541-050-E52AF2FC/Plutarch-c-100-ce.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Plutarch" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Western-philosophy" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Western philosophy</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Western philosophy encompasses the history of philosophy in the West from its development among the ancient Greeks of Classical antiquity to the present. 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