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<div>What is a Protein?</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/how-enzymes-work" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/how-enzymes-work-video.png" class="icon"> <div>How Enzymes Work</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/how-neurons-communicate" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/tn-neurons-comm.png" class="icon"> <div>How Neurons Communicate</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/opioids-and-pain-signaling" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/opioids-thumb.png" class="icon"> <div>Opioids and Pain Signaling</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/neuronal-signaling-and-sodium-potassium-pump" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/sod-pot-pump.png" class="icon"> <div>Neuronal Signaling and Sodium-Potassium Pump</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/photosynthesis" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/photosynthesis-icon.png" class="icon"> <div>Photosynthesis</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/calcium-pump" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/calcium-pump-video-icon.png" class="icon"> <div>Calcium Pump</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/aconitase" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/aconitase-icon2.png" class="icon"> <div>Aconitase</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/celebrating-50-years-of-the-protein-data-bank-archive" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/pdb50-tn.png" class="icon"> <div>Celebrating 50 Years of the Protein Data Bank Archive</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/methods-for-determining-atomic-structures" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/methods-videos.png" class="icon"> <div>Methods for Determining Atomic Structures</div></a></div> </div> <div style="display:none;" id="list-introductions-to-protein-structure" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/what-is-a-protein-video" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/what-is-a-protein-video.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/what-is-a-protein-video" target="_self" class="no-underline">What is a Protein?</a></h5> <p>Proteins play countless roles throughout the biological world, from catalyzing chemical reactions to building the structures of all living things. Despite this wide range of functions all proteins are made out of the same twenty amino acids, but combined in different ways. The way these twenty amino acids are arranged dictates the folding of the protein into its primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. Since protein function is based on the ability to recognize and bind to specific molecules, having the correct shape is critical for proteins to do their jobs correctly. Learn more about the relationship between protein structure and function in this video.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/how-enzymes-work" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/how-enzymes-work-video.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/how-enzymes-work" target="_self" class="no-underline">How Enzymes Work</a></h5> <p></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/how-neurons-communicate" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/tn-neurons-comm.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/how-neurons-communicate" target="_self" class="no-underline">How Neurons Communicate</a></h5> <p>The billions of neurons in our nervous system are constantly communicating. The signals they send to each other are responsible for our thoughts, sensations, and actions. Learn how ions, ion channels, receptors, and neurotransmitters work together to enable the neuronal signaling process.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/opioids-and-pain-signaling" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/opioids-thumb.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/opioids-and-pain-signaling" target="_self" class="no-underline">Opioids and Pain Signaling</a></h5> <p>Pain is one of the most trying experiences of life. On the cellular level it is communicated via special neuronal pathways. On the molecular level, however, pain is communicated like any other sensation, via a set of electrical and chemical signals facilitated by complex molecular machinery. These signals can be modulated by opioids, causing us to feel less pain, or no pain at all. Learn how opioids activate the G-proteins which in turn interact with other proteins to edit the pain signal.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/neuronal-signaling-and-sodium-potassium-pump" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/sod-pot-pump.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/neuronal-signaling-and-sodium-potassium-pump" target="_self" class="no-underline">Neuronal Signaling and Sodium-Potassium Pump</a></h5> <p>Explore the concepts of resting and action potentials and the role of sodium-potassium pump in regulating them.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/photosynthesis" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/photosynthesis-icon.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/photosynthesis" target="_self" class="no-underline">Photosynthesis</a></h5> <p>Plants use photosynthesis to capture energy from sunlight</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/calcium-pump" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/calcium-pump-video-icon.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/calcium-pump" target="_self" class="no-underline">Calcium Pump</a></h5> <p>The calcium pump聽moves ions across cell membranes allowing the synchronized contraction of muscle cells. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/aconitase" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/aconitase-icon2.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/aconitase" target="_self" class="no-underline">Aconitase</a></h5> <p>Aconitase converts citrate into isocitrate as part of the citric acid cycle. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/celebrating-50-years-of-the-protein-data-bank-archive" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/pdb50-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/celebrating-50-years-of-the-protein-data-bank-archive" target="_self" class="no-underline">Celebrating 50 Years of the Protein Data Bank Archive</a></h5> <p>In 1971, the structural biology community established the single worldwide archive for macromolecular structure data鈥搕he Protein Data Bank (PDB). From its inception, the PDB has embraced a culture of open access, leading to its widespread use by the research community. PDB data are used by hundreds of data resources and millions of users exploring fundamental biology, energy, and biomedicine. This video looks at the history and the milestones that shaped the PDB into the leading resource for research and education it is today. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/methods-for-determining-atomic-structures" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/methods-videos.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/methods-for-determining-atomic-structures" target="_self" class="no-underline">Methods for Determining Atomic Structures</a></h5> <p>These videos below give a brief overview of the three main methods for determining the atomic structures: X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and electron microscopy.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div> <h5>Structures and Disease</h5> </div> <div style="display: block;" id="grid-structures-and-disease" class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/target-zero-preventing-hiv-transmission-documentary" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/tz-icon.png" class="icon"> <div>Target Zero: Preventing HIV Transmission Documentary</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/immunology-and-cancer" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/cancer-video-tn.png" class="icon"> <div>Immunology and Cancer</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/fighting-coronavirus-with-soap" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/corona-soap.png" class="icon"> <div>Fighting Coronavirus with Soap</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/penicillin-and-antibiotic-resistance" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/peni-resistance-icon.png" class="icon"> <div>Penicillin and Antibiotic Resistance</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/ebola-virus-proteins" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/ebola-virus-proteins-video.png" class="icon"> <div>Ebola Virus Proteins</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/a-molecular-view-of-hiv-therapy" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/a-molecular-view-of-hiv-therapy-video.png" class="icon"> <div>A Molecular View of HIV Therapy</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/learn-about-hiv-from-the-rcsb-protein-data-bank" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/learn-about-hiv-from-the-rcsb-protein-data-bank-video.png" class="icon"> <div>Learn about HIV from the RCSB Protein Data Bank</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/rcsb-pdb-an-empowering-resource-for-understanding-hiv-aids-at-a-molecular-level" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/stephen-lecture-video.png" class="icon"> <div>RCSB PDB: An Empowering Resource for Understanding HIV/AIDS at a Molecular Level</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/staphylococcus-aureus-and-antibiotic-resistance" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/staphylococcus-aureus-and-antibiotic-resistance-video.png" class="icon"> <div>Staphylococcus aureus and Antibiotic Resistance</div></a></div> </div> <div style="display:none;" id="list-structures-and-disease" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/target-zero-preventing-hiv-transmission-documentary" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/tz-icon.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/target-zero-preventing-hiv-transmission-documentary" target="_self" class="no-underline">Target Zero: Preventing HIV Transmission Documentary</a></h5> <p>Target Zero shows the challenge and emotional complexity of the fight to control HIV infection.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/immunology-and-cancer" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/cancer-video-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/immunology-and-cancer" target="_self" class="no-underline">Immunology and Cancer</a></h5> <p>This three-part series explores the human immune response to cancer focusing on cellular and molecular details of the process.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/fighting-coronavirus-with-soap" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/corona-soap.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/fighting-coronavirus-with-soap" target="_self" class="no-underline">Fighting Coronavirus with Soap</a></h5> <p>Always use soap when you wash your hands! Soap molecules break up the outer envelope of viruses such as coronavirus, stopping infection.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/penicillin-and-antibiotic-resistance" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/peni-resistance-icon.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/penicillin-and-antibiotic-resistance" target="_self" class="no-underline">Penicillin and Antibiotic Resistance</a></h5> <p>Since its discovery in 1928, penicillin and penicillin-related antibiotics helped save countless lives from bacterial infections. However, in the face of overuse and misuse of antibiotics, bacteria evolved resistance mechanisms that allow them to proliferate even in the presence of the newest antibiotics.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/ebola-virus-proteins" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/ebola-virus-proteins-video.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/ebola-virus-proteins" target="_self" class="no-underline">Ebola Virus Proteins</a></h5> <p><p>Tour the molecular anatomy of the Ebola virus with the RCSB PDB. Understanding of the shape and structure of the proteins that make up Ebola is a key component in the fight against the virus. Learn more at <a href="http://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/178">Molecule of the Month</a>.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/a-molecular-view-of-hiv-therapy" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/a-molecular-view-of-hiv-therapy-video.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/a-molecular-view-of-hiv-therapy" target="_self" class="no-underline">A Molecular View of HIV Therapy</a></h5> <p>After HIV enters a T-cell, three enzymes play essential roles in the life cycle of the virus. Reverse transcriptase copies the viral RNA genome and makes a DNA copy. Integrase inserts this viral DNA into the cell鈥檚 DNA. In the last steps of the viral life cycle, HIV protease cuts HIV proteins into their functional parts. Current antiretroviral drugs target these three enzymes, hindering the virus reproduction. However, enzymes can mutate and become drug resistant, making it vital to use a combination of different drugs that target multiple enzymes. This animation was created using <a href="http://rcsb.org/pdb/search/smartSubquery.do?smartSearchSubtype=StructureIdQuery&structureIdList=1l6n,2m8l,1tam,3hvt,3dlk,3v6d,3v4i,3klg,3v81,3os1,3os0,3oya,3pj6,1kj4,1hxb,2az9,2azc,1l6n,2m8l,1tam">many PDB entries</a> for Reverse Transcriptase (3hvt, 3dlk, 3v6d, 3v4i, 3klg, 3v81), Integrase (3os1, 3os0, 3oya), Protease (3pj6, 1kj4, 1hxb, 2az9, 2azc), HIV Polyprotein (1l6n), Capsid Protein (2m8l), and Matrix Protein (1tam).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/learn-about-hiv-from-the-rcsb-protein-data-bank" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/learn-about-hiv-from-the-rcsb-protein-data-bank-video.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/learn-about-hiv-from-the-rcsb-protein-data-bank" target="_self" class="no-underline">Learn about HIV from the RCSB Protein Data Bank</a></h5> <p>Use the RCSB PDB Resources to Learn about HIV</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/rcsb-pdb-an-empowering-resource-for-understanding-hiv-aids-at-a-molecular-level" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/stephen-lecture-video.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/rcsb-pdb-an-empowering-resource-for-understanding-hiv-aids-at-a-molecular-level" target="_self" class="no-underline">RCSB PDB: An Empowering Resource for Understanding HIV/AIDS at a Molecular Level</a></h5> <p>This seminar was presented by Stephen K. Burley, MD, DPhil, and Shuchismita Dutta, PhD on December 5th 2014 as part of the World AIDS Day Symposium at the Rutgers Center for Integrative Proteomics Research in Piscataway, NJ.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/staphylococcus-aureus-and-antibiotic-resistance" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/staphylococcus-aureus-and-antibiotic-resistance-video.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/staphylococcus-aureus-and-antibiotic-resistance" target="_self" class="no-underline">Staphylococcus aureus and Antibiotic Resistance</a></h5> <p>How penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics work and what mechanisms the resistant bacteria use it to evade them.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div> <h5>Animated GIFs</h5> </div> <div style="display: block;" id="grid-animated-gifs" class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/atp-synthase" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/ATPicon.png" class="icon"> <div>ATP synthase</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/aconitase" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/aconitase-icon.png" class="icon"> <div>Aconitase</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/artificial-lattice-of-a-designed-dna-crystal" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/lattice-anim.png" class="icon"> <div>Artificial lattice of a designed DNA crystal</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/coronavirus-main-protease" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/corona-prot.png" class="icon"> <div>Coronavirus Main Protease</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/oxygen-binding-in-hemoglobin" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/hb-animation.png" class="icon"> <div>Oxygen Binding in Hemoglobin</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/photoactive-yellow-protein-and-xfel-sfx" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/yellowprot.png" class="icon"> <div>Photoactive Yellow Protein and XFEL/SFX</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/ribosomal-subunits" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/large-subunit-of-ribosome-gif.png" class="icon"> <div>Ribosomal Subunits</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/vacuolar-atpase" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/atp-2.png" class="icon"> <div>Vacuolar ATPase</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/x-ray-crystallography" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/methods-videos.png" class="icon"> <div>X-ray Crystallography</div></a></div> </div> <div style="display:none;" id="list-animated-gifs" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/atp-synthase" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/ATPicon.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/atp-synthase" target="_self" class="no-underline">ATP synthase</a></h5> <p>ATP synthase</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/aconitase" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/aconitase-icon.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/aconitase" target="_self" class="no-underline">Aconitase</a></h5> <p>Aconitase converts citrate into isocitrate as part of the citric acid cycle. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/artificial-lattice-of-a-designed-dna-crystal" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/lattice-anim.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/artificial-lattice-of-a-designed-dna-crystal" target="_self" class="no-underline">Artificial lattice of a designed DNA crystal</a></h5> <p>Designed DNA crystal: Small pieces of DNA have been engineered to form a nanoscale lattice.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/coronavirus-main-protease" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/corona-prot.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/coronavirus-main-protease" target="_self" class="no-underline">Coronavirus Main Protease</a></h5> <p>SARS-CoV-2 main protease protein with inhibitor N3</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/oxygen-binding-in-hemoglobin" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/hb-animation.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/oxygen-binding-in-hemoglobin" target="_self" class="no-underline">Oxygen Binding in Hemoglobin</a></h5> <p>Hemoglobin uses a change in shape to increase the efficiency of oxygen transport.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/photoactive-yellow-protein-and-xfel-sfx" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/yellowprot.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/photoactive-yellow-protein-and-xfel-sfx" target="_self" class="no-underline">Photoactive Yellow Protein and XFEL/SFX</a></h5> <p>Structures of photoactive yellow protein were determined by serial femtosecond crystallography after illumination, capturing the isomerization of the chromophore after it absorbs light. Structures included in this movie include: 5hd3 (ground state), 5hdc (100-400 femtoseconds after illumination), 5hdd (800-1200 femtoseconds), 5hds (3 picoseconds), 4b9o (100 picoseconds), 5hd5 (200 nanoseconds) and 1ts0 (1 millisecond). For more, see the Molecule of the Month on Photoactive Yellow Protein and Guide to Understanding PDB Data: Methods for Determining Atomic Structures</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/ribosomal-subunits" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/large-subunit-of-ribosome-gif.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/ribosomal-subunits" target="_self" class="no-underline">Ribosomal Subunits</a></h5> <p>Atomic structures of the ribosomal subunits reveal a central role for RNA in protein synthesis. Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that build proteins.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/vacuolar-atpase" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/atp-2.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/vacuolar-atpase" target="_self" class="no-underline">Vacuolar ATPase</a></h5> <p>Two linked molecular motors are used to pump protons across membranes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/x-ray-crystallography" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/methods-videos.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/x-ray-crystallography" target="_self" class="no-underline">X-ray Crystallography</a></h5> <p></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div> <h5>Video Challenge Awards</h5> </div> <div style="display: block;" id="grid-video-challenge-awards" class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2023-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/23-vc-thumbnail.png" class="icon"> <div>2023 Molecular Mechanisms of Targeted Cancer Therapies</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2022-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/22-vc-thumb.png" class="icon"> <div>2022 Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2021-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/21-challenge-thumb.png" class="icon"> <div>2021 Molecular Mechanisms of Drugs for Mental Disorders</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2020-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/20-vc-icon.png" class="icon"> <div>2020 Molecular Mechanisms of Opioid Action</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2019-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/19-video-challenge.png" class="icon"> <div>2019 Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2018-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/2018-video-challenge.png" class="icon"> <div>2018 Bacterial Resistance to Beta-lactam Antibiotics</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2017-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/2017-video-challenge.png" class="icon"> <div>2017 Diabetes</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2016-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/2016-video-challenge.png" class="icon"> <div>2016 Diabetes</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2015-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/2015-video-challenge.png" class="icon"> <div>2015 HIV</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2014-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/2014-video-challenge.png" class="icon"> <div>2014 HIV</div></a></div> </div> <div style="display:none;" id="list-video-challenge-awards" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2023-awards" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/23-vc-thumbnail.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/events/video-challenge/2023-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline">2023 Molecular Mechanisms of Targeted Cancer Therapies</a></h5> <p></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2022-awards" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/22-vc-thumb.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/events/video-challenge/2022-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline">2022 Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer</a></h5> <p></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2021-awards" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/21-challenge-thumb.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/events/video-challenge/2021-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline">2021 Molecular Mechanisms of Drugs for Mental Disorders</a></h5> <p></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2020-awards" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/20-vc-icon.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/events/video-challenge/2020-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline">2020 Molecular Mechanisms of Opioid Action</a></h5> <p></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2019-awards" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/19-video-challenge.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/events/video-challenge/2019-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline">2019 Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics</a></h5> <p></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2018-awards" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/2018-video-challenge.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/events/video-challenge/2018-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline">2018 Bacterial Resistance to Beta-lactam Antibiotics</a></h5> <p>For the fifth year, RCSB PDB invited high school students to tell molecular stories in video. This year's challenge focused on the molecular mechanisms behind bacterial resistance to Beta-lactam antibiotics</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2017-awards" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/2017-video-challenge.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/events/video-challenge/2017-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline">2017 Diabetes</a></h5> <p>For the fourth year, RCSB PDB invited high school students to tell molecular stories in video. This year's challenge focused on the molecular view of the diabetes treatment and management.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2016-awards" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/2016-video-challenge.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/events/video-challenge/2016-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline">2016 Diabetes</a></h5> <p>Winning videos in the 2016 Video Challange for High School Students "Structural Biology & Diabetes"</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2015-awards" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/2015-video-challenge.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/events/video-challenge/2015-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline">2015 HIV</a></h5> <p>Winning videos in the 2015 Video Challenge for High School Students "Detecting and Combatting HIV in 3D"</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/events/video-challenge/2014-awards" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/2014-video-challenge.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/events/video-challenge/2014-awards" target="_self" class="no-underline">2014 HIV</a></h5> <p>Winning videos in the 2014 Video Challenge for High School Students "Structural Biology of HIV"</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div> <h5>Molecular Animation Guides</h5> </div> <div style="display: block;" id="grid-molecular-animation-guides" class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/visualizing-pdb-structures-with-ucsf-chimera" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/chimera-tuts.png" class="icon"> <div>Visualizing PDB Structures with UCSF Chimera</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/exploring-pdb-structures-in-3d-with-molstar" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/molstar-icon.png" class="icon"> <div>Exploring PDB structures in 3D with MolStar</div></a></div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 grid-cell-2"><a href="/learn/videos/molecular-animation-q-and-a" target="_self" class="no-underline"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/synapse.png" class="icon"> <div>Molecular Animation Q&A</div></a></div> </div> <div style="display:none;" id="list-molecular-animation-guides" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/visualizing-pdb-structures-with-ucsf-chimera" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/chimera-tuts.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/visualizing-pdb-structures-with-ucsf-chimera" target="_self" class="no-underline">Visualizing PDB Structures with UCSF Chimera</a></h5> <p>Use UCSF Chimera to create images and animations featuring PDB structures</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/exploring-pdb-structures-in-3d-with-molstar" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/molstar-icon.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/exploring-pdb-structures-in-3d-with-molstar" target="_self" class="no-underline">Exploring PDB structures in 3D with MolStar</a></h5> <p></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tn"><a href="/learn/videos/molecular-animation-q-and-a" target="_self"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/learn/images/tn/synapse.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td> <h5><a href="/learn/videos/molecular-animation-q-and-a" target="_self" class="no-underline">Molecular Animation Q&A</a></h5> <p></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer_main" class="hidden-print"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-7"> <p><strong>About PDB-101</strong></p> <p>Researchers around the globe make 3D structures freely available from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive. PDB-101 training materials help graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and researchers use PDB data and RCSB PDB tools. Outreach content demonstrate how PDB data impact fundamental biology, biomedicine, bioengineering/biotechnology, and energy sciences in 3D for a diverse and multidisciplinary user community. Education Materials provide lessons and activities for teaching and learning.</p> <p>PDB-101 is developed by the <a href="https://rcsb.org" target="_blank">RCSB PDB</a>.</p> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 text-center"> <p>RCSB PDB (<a href="http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/235.abstract" target="blank">citation</a>) is hosted by</p><img src="//cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/Logo_Rutgers-2024.png" alt="Rutgers University logo" usemap="#rutgers-map" height="32" style="padding:0px 10px; border-right: 1px solid #000000;"><img src="//cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/Logo_UCSD-SDSC.png" alt="University of California San Diego/San Diego Supercomputer Center logos" usemap="#UCSD-SDSC-map" height="26" style="padding: 0px 10px; border-right: 1px solid #000000;"><img src="//cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/Logo_UCSF.png" alt="Univesity of California San Franciscologo" usemap="#UCSF-map" height="26" style="padding-left: 10px;"><map name="rutgers-map"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,115,26" href="http://www.rutgers.edu/" alt="Rutgers" target="_blank"></map><map name="UCSD-SDSC-map"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,150,26" href="http://ucsd.edu/" alt="UCSD" target="_blank"> <area shape="rect" coords="151,0,255,26" href="http://www.sdsc.edu/" alt="SDSC" target="_blank"></map><map name="UCSF-map"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,64,26" href="http://www.ucsf.edu/" alt="UCSF" target="_blank"></map><br><br> <p>RCSB PDB is a member of <span id='pdbmembers_footer'><a href='http://www.wwpdb.org/' target='_blank'><img src='//cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/Logo_wwpdb.png' width='70'></a><span class='pipe'></span><a href='http://www.emdatabank.org/' target='_blank'><img src='https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/EMDataResourcelogo.png' width='100'></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer_grant" class="hidden-print"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <p>RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the <a href="http://www.nsf.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. National Science Foundation</a> (DBI-2321666), the <a href="http://science.energy.gov/" target="_blank">US Department of Energy</a> (DE-SC0019749), and the <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" target="_blank">National Cancer Institute</a>, <a href="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/" target="_blank">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a>, and <a href="http://www.nigms.nih.gov/" target="_blank">National Institute of General Medical Sciences</a> of the <a href="http://www.nih.gov/" target="_blank">National Institutes of Health</a> under grant R01GM157729.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="jira-fdbck"></div><script> //Google Analytics tracking code {/* (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-71059016-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); */} </script> </div> </body> </html>