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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="No"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>Leadership challenges in the context of university 4.0. A thematic synthesis literature review | Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory</title> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SpringerLink"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Leadership challenges in the context of university 4.0. A thematic synthesis literature review"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory - Supported by an environment that is increasingly immersed in digital transformation, universities are facing important organizational changes in..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="journal_id" content="10588"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Leadership challenges in the context of university 4.0. A thematic synthesis literature review"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory 2021 28:3"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Springer"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2021-04-12"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="Supported by an environment that is increasingly immersed in digital transformation, universities are facing important organizational changes in both tangible and intangible structures. Digital transformation isn’t all about technology, there is a human side of the story. Leadership is seen as a key issue in any process of change. However, leaders of professional and knowledge-based institutions, like universities, face special demands. The present article aims to synthesize what has been investigated about leadership in the context of University 4.0. A systematic approach was adopted in conducting the literature review. The main body of the article focuses on illustrating five thematic clusters grounded in the literature and identifying co-citation network of each cluster using bibliometrics. Results demonstrate that this is an emerging theme. This paper is the first attempt to systematically&nbsp;review&nbsp;all research that so far has been made available in the broad field of leadership in University 4.0."/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="1572-9346"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2021-04-12"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="28"/> <meta name="prism.number" content="3"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="214"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="246"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10588-021-09325-0"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1007/s10588-021-09325-0"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10588-021-09325-0.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10588-021-09325-0"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Comput Math Organ Theory"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Springer US"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1572-9346"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Leadership challenges in the context of university 4.0. A thematic synthesis literature review"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="28"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2022/09"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2021/04/12"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="214"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="246"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Manuscript"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1007/s10588-021-09325-0"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1007/s10588-021-09325-0"/> <meta name="size" content="231720"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s10588-021-09325-0"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1007/s10588-021-09325-0&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="Supported by an environment that is increasingly immersed in digital transformation, universities are facing important organizational changes in both tangi"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Rocha, Álvaro"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Gonçalves, Maria José Angélico"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="da Silva, Amélia Ferreira"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Teixeira, Sandrina"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Silva, Rui"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Management"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Operations Research/Decision Theory"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Artificial Intelligence"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Sociology, general"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Methodology of the Social Sciences"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Turkish Online J Educat Technol-TOJET; citation_title=Factors affecting the transformational leadership role of principals in implementing ICT in schools; citation_author=M Afshari, KA Bakar, WS Luan, S Siraj; citation_volume=11; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=164-176; citation_id=CR1"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=MIS Quarterly; citation_title=Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues; citation_author=M Alavi John, DE Leidner; citation_volume=25; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=107-136; citation_doi=10.2307/3250961; citation_id=CR2"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Educat Adm Q; citation_title=School technology leadership: an empirical investigation of prevalence and effect; citation_author=RE Anderson, S Dexter; citation_volume=41; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=49-82; citation_doi=10.1177/0013161X04269517; citation_id=CR3"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Informetr; citation_title=bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis; citation_author=M Aria, C Cuccurullo; citation_volume=11; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=959-975; citation_doi=10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007; citation_id=CR4"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=" Blue Ocean" For A Higher School; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_id=CR5; citation_author=VV Asabin; citation_author=MA Garanin; citation_author=MA Gnatyuk; citation_author=AS Klimova; citation_author=PA Pervov; citation_publisher=Educación, Política y Valores"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Acad Mark Sci; citation_title=On the evaluation of structure equation models; citation_author=RP Bagozzi, Y Yi; citation_volume=16; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=76-94; citation_id=CR6"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Bandura A (2010) Self-efficacy. 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A thematic synthesis literature review</h1> <ul class="c-article-identifiers"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item" data-test="article-category">Manuscript</li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> Published: <time datetime="2021-04-12">12 April 2021</time> </li> </ul> <ul class="c-article-identifiers c-article-identifiers--cite-list"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> <span data-test="journal-volume">Volume 28</span>, pages 214–246, (<span data-test="article-publication-year">2022</span>) </li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item c-article-identifiers__item--cite"> <a href="#citeas" data-track="click" data-track-action="cite this article" data-track-category="article body" data-track-label="link">Cite this article</a> </li> </ul> <div class="app-article-masthead__buttons" data-test="download-article-link-wrapper" data-track-context="masthead"> </div> </div> <div class="app-article-masthead__brand"> <a href="/journal/10588" class="app-article-masthead__journal-link" data-track="click_journal_home" data-track-action="journal homepage" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 768px)" width="120" height="159" srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w120/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/10588?as=webp, https://media.springernature.com/w316/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/10588?as=webp 2x"> <img width="72" height="95" src="https://media.springernature.com/w72/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/10588?as=webp" srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w144/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/10588?as=webp 2x" alt=""> </picture> <span class="app-article-masthead__journal-title">Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory</span> </a> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/10588/aims-and-scope" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_aims_and_scope" data-track-action="aims and scope" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> Aims and scope <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> <a href="https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/10588/3" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_submit_manuscript" data-track-context="article masthead on springerlink article page" data-track-action="submit manuscript" data-track-label="link"> Submit manuscript <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="c-article-main u-container u-mt-24 u-mb-32 l-with-sidebar" id="main-content" data-component="article-container"> <main class="u-serif js-main-column" data-track-component="article body"> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-_lvaro-Rocha-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-_lvaro-Rocha-Aff1" data-author-search="Rocha, Álvaro">Álvaro Rocha</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Maria_Jos__Ang_lico-Gon_alves-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Maria_Jos__Ang_lico-Gon_alves-Aff2" data-author-search="Gonçalves, Maria José Angélico" data-corresp-id="c1">Maria José Angélico Gonçalves<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-9973"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-9973</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Am_lia_Ferreira-Silva-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Am_lia_Ferreira-Silva-Aff2" data-author-search="da Silva, Amélia Ferreira">Amélia Ferreira da Silva</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Sandrina-Teixeira-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Sandrina-Teixeira-Aff2" data-author-search="Teixeira, Sandrina">Sandrina Teixeira</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__show-more" aria-label="Show all 5 authors for this article" title="Show all 5 authors for this article">…</li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Rui-Silva-Aff3" data-author-popup="auth-Rui-Silva-Aff3" data-author-search="Silva, Rui">Rui Silva</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff3">3</a></sup> </li></ul><button aria-expanded="false" class="c-article-author-list__button"><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium"></use></svg><span>Show authors</span></button> <div data-test="article-metrics"> <ul class="app-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset"> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-accesses-medium"></use> </svg>1420 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Accesses</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-citations-medium"></use> </svg>9 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Citations</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/article/10.1007/s10588-021-09325-0/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Explore all metrics <svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="u-mt-32"> </div> </header> </div> <div data-article-body="true" data-track-component="article body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>Supported by an environment that is increasingly immersed in digital transformation, universities are facing important organizational changes in both tangible and intangible structures. Digital transformation isn’t all about technology, there is a human side of the story. Leadership is seen as a key issue in any process of change. However, leaders of professional and knowledge-based institutions, like universities, face special demands. The present article aims to synthesize what has been investigated about leadership in the context of University 4.0. A systematic approach was adopted in conducting the literature review. The main body of the article focuses on illustrating five thematic clusters grounded in the literature and identifying co-citation network of each cluster using bibliometrics. Results demonstrate that this is an emerging theme. 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src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig3_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="154"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-4"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig4" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 4</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig4_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="169"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-5"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig5" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 5</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig5_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig5_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="257"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-6"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig6" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 6</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig6_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="146"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-7"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig7" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 7</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig7_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="163"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-8"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig8" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 8</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig8_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig8_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="234" height="312"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-9"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig9" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 9</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig9_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="202"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-10"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig10" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 10</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig10_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10588-021-09325-0/MediaObjects/10588_2021_9325_Fig10_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="236" height="312"></picture></div></div></figure></div> 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id="citeas">Cite this article</h3><p class="c-bibliographic-information__citation">Rocha, Á., Gonçalves, M.J.A., da Silva, A.F. <i>et al.</i> Leadership challenges in the context of university 4.0. A thematic synthesis literature review. <i>Comput Math Organ Theory</i> <b>28</b>, 214–246 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-021-09325-0</p><p class="c-bibliographic-information__download-citation u-hide-print"><a data-test="citation-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="download article citation" data-track-label="link" data-track-external="" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s10588-021-09325-0?format=refman&flavour=citation">Download citation<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p><ul class="c-bibliographic-information__list" data-test="publication-history"><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Accepted<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2021-02-22">22 February 2021</time></span></p></li><li 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