CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134749d7988fdba',cH: '8Bcc1uaGiNZ7JHMtB3Ikrpy.l.9vm7YnUo2QtHjHQeM-1739781447-1.2.1.1-r.egQMEWj2AxAL1w_op.OVPBvfrfwXi9u8NobnX16.n2a9e9Q2H_4jyrFTPK11WC',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=religious%20conflict&__cf_chl_tk=G1GNop6cAhyJbz0hXy41NBmUzJ2Z2iIAtMT7Seq3UDE-1739781447-1.0.1.1-rq9m5bno._hrZQ59vfk51BuyrrY1r4pX3tCAke0ku78",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739781447',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=religious%20conflict&__cf_chl_f_tk=G1GNop6cAhyJbz0hXy41NBmUzJ2Z2iIAtMT7Seq3UDE-1739781447-1.0.1.1-rq9m5bno._hrZQ59vfk51BuyrrY1r4pX3tCAke0ku78",md: "kTEa1HQFIIKd3nJeOJhjInUicvLS7Jpqzaa7awwJLxY-1739781447-1.2.1.1-AfqMHCAiDZrp4Nuo2MHDfdh50aMN0ithx6LiudipDSs6XyFAF3cguIlgQMbJsGMJS366rOy2tAR017eiACazWXmlV2awBNP5SHwdCkYI7LqRuLyPlPc4k0YiCsRzwesS0ldYcdZmlfvPJmH9WKX.JI_bnBQTxchcZj3oCnB_hTGbqZ0cSJ3_V3RF0Ay4nUdmQ7Dm33OVqhpQ9ulW2WkURwnEfebss2n2uqMIuUy.oLCVqk41jxxhhNw693.5PKbT0sKHRWJ7bKfDjmwQMYnEeT1dpXs7Qq3tBbwAMmbwM9JtQsSrIxMj0S457_ZXvdqeaQdYuMwh_ZAjT1rpLjdP0of47akruaqf0p3i6VX3w5S_sB8SpWF5.SHE0YWEMu.pAvoGBPG1i4Iv7IhZrstheJJnDMndUODrLlZTyhJAgHVy3oEuh9kjRaaO2QmQISd0zGe0cCV8n9.o3W8pz_bXuWj7AJaXmfNm9SLHmlG3dXr9eyJvPs1AyXzdp5k2qGpNmYRhtdSDzI.DsOdw2YYP0lR60c.TQd1lRTAO5KNBXRWosvd254uySjrybnCobJKQNEhcofLmuB2IgImTQTHisRE6zTCF90BUy3K6B7GBPw8LH9M3kaDNHxxOZfKLkIcx5hwjEka_G9fqgyLahO3Ho3wBg.yAWmQwwsmg8RbagOWNKHe6D_3g4LO.VTBrf9xwyHGnCWDsMU9XtiadiRQd8ATqIoqZAjzheO.uCTInfgF7uBlYENWtBznv6n9yA6.brV6i9yhhG7gn58at21n7WLq63lb_s6G8wHgTNmaIrlWB7Khj7erpxeS4F4ynqikNlo7P2XKIIiYiQwlqJeUf5CmO59ZxpN0f_WUJpP.u_4UEC9ICyVPJrLkXbxMDLuLWZ5nqgP0ldTqnSRvHGgeLfrsoqebDob8SsXYJw2KHx3DSg3P1ocq5gnxKkVP.BNTlZTLoQS79jrXjsWC37RmlHHaQCsF.8NQ.sn4e6tFGgC6CPtyJwGrW0j5UFwBNnyW.Ke5PhG7NFLQlIEkUZlKUC7srjQhzkfFrFS42R6rbNa.dVUJxmhkJUlpM7ykJdmpPOi6VybECSwE2CBf63TMRRSt2RKyuG0K2R2an7CU339CrcMOnrZ6zG0HszvboVoKsnXGIHEVopj8DDGD8Aov6VwN9q.v3rBg4X1LmQ4SYhcTNVNqOm.WoXO6CKgA2S8038WexKe20I0qFSiFDXhmMuPCMWSkeoFmB.DbAfKtcXKo1d5F3mccywe8Hw_ICy7X4M86fzjlIcdjgqLeEdKj2RuDwvJmSS88TmAQbTJ7zkO8LENTczZjUxWxEzx9L_ukKaFBJk6Ed8nFk.DgB0jCqSPsvrobwCAS8fk2bjAwQp3WTbHz5EnHs1JDymTMy.SB.Fq945XfeZH8jdePxhAeThhC4huvyNtnCSBCE1mL8D76hJyBDlnqyhPrJZmIP6tMt.SFDS3zRoLsjulP.y3tIV2t8ZSu2WvJ8Yg26cWks7KxIE0tNtFUcoNDILWM3I8mF4iVcAvMdgA8LEfMjn2APjIwqV5Y1NzPuvPdpdoqgj7O_VHKxTPBnJUkPyScap0MU4hGX5lXN3D26JOpdwGX3NdussVkNtRUAjzrM491yQeOyWyzuhaZhowcKoExGJLABGhY_XaIMUxL2SZ3Hx6AK9KeQh4F4Zbi1cPUBMNJY5hir_7p7Bd0souOaPc.wADD51JZ71QurhBSvbVLBrQBOpF7BlXCj7Qgt7SairgO74cpBIU81kQIFEzILf6xISAqUxO3V83H8_tRN0dKIk7Ah_9xOZ06SdykX5f0xQlj9t1yOuvXCxNbb3jJ8e8ubzU.ByNIyfzfoS.UoDPv_7WJOBxRcaAnojyC_mDNGkhwnk6e7svxcmraXKYTcuDqh4dsTkyaoTvwG9JqPVkSi1FEHKg",mdrd: "T57NkHltqd5KTc4RtkiaufIg5yMUdaSoBavZU5T53xM-1739781447-1.2.1.1-.NQq4BSahxs6ngEkpSIWpAlAOWzskNtEyPS62dpKiWWn9sj59y4rI6aIE15rXYFuhLpyN7_3_6ykywtTQJZiTXGMAmnXeSn.7RcGAkRKeLrWNnBqVLb5_UZlfPt1BmcJlsxcd0M2kLKgrhJ0j5Nc7yNpEE2CpX6_NS14c3bZnC5cKVTN5cSZf90uce0NOnCSFOS_jzgtuhJlKD9xEQTTF9uSopmohpLCY3_RtnOBcOjVvsyhFqLDCmySltNAEszk_lG5lUoy40Y2yh0b_jECjQG4zaLEllnjHnQdU7krTix440gPckvpjQWb0_pEBo7qe_ROUQp750vNHxFpCaCwskvjxNxyvEfDqRwdkBhdiRUegx.N.bnvUyshR60iq.H4p22FKtoxOBa2nKgo1SiVkq8qgLPEboa62pBePVNSFyUxil3ApSe._TtC2k5UiHY88AO36x7WYAVvE6BHNrF02VxtAVMnqmCcGDr6Ji.A6y7mgj9zh5xtS0inDnqHbGNIBWjCQEnw.W8Qg2RCntn71zNU0In8QtRTVZ_E_jIU4NrxFKluf64LOSKqZGdoMq87NsdD.2oHtaVOnT3zVV4uc8r2.Fdr6Oy.JXIx4ep1Dj4lnngj_kLaL5RhhyOdxbrdOQG7yAKVWa7prPKgN4nX.qaw.kxU5bJ97qSZEzjGA00.QJXCue7f8FkePLQbcy5sVPOMfkA7Klx8ncFKQJlGDP2tAbU6MqzfnYngc1dmXleQly558D85xFctOpd7MuANHkKc7b.srOVFGGAQITLyrv6L9ynp7__OoGaatlfzEq_0SMMh.1IKX9FQ4VA2pEQ94JrfyrZ.HlU6o6aaP86Ak20engGNNGE8gYc5zEZP81RHS8oVE36EFtYfnSWmP2MY.eHjYhUZT5XZuaoCAbvQoZoDZqKOsFzpWxhTm0uAs.CzfOF67d34CsdfubY6cXxKKmlChgU.2cLRGVxyM7ce7SiQWSrzaYsmTwmjHE6Y9GQ5ziuJ6vT5Sy31SKUjezQ.Pz0pNlMKqpc.nV0nMR.VkTPjXv27iJdzrj_PpBbtI0MOrRPoy_w2..J.ZgRv2vbMkOuQwcreSvPXCFfJDrV2DMBQlh5hNnYT4xVTp5liTAPNLgW3dn36BU55dwvwav9X_jf8nEsijLS8R.Ei6NBpuDQ.Fzz_KZzlgrLFPKzPBf_Hzj7RdNZTnSSOK.GCEaJrBuoZaq0mNTTo53wNcDA.L79VRBNhO2DRlloS659VqPhav754y6jWEalHc4bgBPiPrYotHzz9PYW6GVPgmxjEdhI.SsStu_LNvSCKP1hm_J16uaiUK03GQLgVHGdthegYj5DJlrcR70j..QegnQ_261Q5p32Ch78eTJUMqxOHgt3FT8KV6hlYzDg6KNb3FXy64RLOdQ.27bi31tw5dv76qUm0MAWKFpvLgGEYPFr5ohqxZWBQYCdJXF0s_LOgldRygUaQZAUGuJLever3L1qa.oLeUoeJfT8ExCEZGSom_s8NKe6mLLs0ymROoyX6r0eWAiam6LnwFF7ZhyO1jymhPkiqw6fndq686YYAy_WTgHU69pr4qma.AU5LDrMl2DsMWm8LgZXIftmY5Cc5KxidXcgvayKQlOCeR1lLtKMsUn4wC.e3PjIR.Ooj7Q1tD_kSZoqTCUEPQYEKpJ7kBhqkhxHPn8weeBYsr.uv.Oks6Su.RQVWtW2XUuvfEYb5SRdlgJdc9x5Q6xfl5wSEaDLVxbTCraMvdmnZRf7Q2jed4ddwRS8yRpwpGG6GJKi_isITu7WC67pv72VbpXWTtie1k_b4.qibaGg__i6dDdizmWWAgbCDfkBsBtGvPyGZoxcjbPe0h0KVNAiCH4IWAEVm3phgI6nhqxUPnFcbvt4.Y67rGB0ghfiHQ1T4j4mK0.FpVN3v63TL.AMEN1U7dFN37YeuqQj5KyTeJilWYO9yMRPrMrI1idERbHUSjL3BZ_M."};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134749d7988fdba';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=religious%20conflict&__cf_chl_rt_tk=G1GNop6cAhyJbz0hXy41NBmUzJ2Z2iIAtMT7Seq3UDE-1739781447-1.0.1.1-rq9m5bno._hrZQ59vfk51BuyrrY1r4pX3tCAke0ku78" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>