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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}</style><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg/33px-Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg" decoding="async" width="33" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg/51px-Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg/67px-Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mining" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mining">Mining</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg/80px-Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg/120px-Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg/160px-Kilianstollen_Zug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mining" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mining">WikiProject Mining</a></b>, a collaborative <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject">project</a> to organize and improve articles related to <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a> and mineral industries. If you would like to participate, you can edit the attached article, or visit the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mining" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mining">project page</a>, where you can see a list of open tasks, join in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Mining" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mining">discussion</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mining/Members" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mining/Members">join the project</a>.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Mining</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Mining</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Mining</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Mining articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Mining_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Mining articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mining/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mining/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Chemical_reaction_mechanism" data-mw-thread-id="h-Chemical_reaction_mechanism-20230221211500"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Chemical_reaction_mechanism-20230221211500"></span>Chemical reaction mechanism<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Chemical_reaction_mechanism-20230221211500"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Patio_process&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chemical reaction mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Shinkolobwe-20230221211500-Chemical_reaction_mechanism"></span>The necessary reduction of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">Ag<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span> cations into metallic Ag soluble in liquid mercury to form an <a href="/wiki/Amalgam_(chemistry)" title="Amalgam (chemistry)">amalgam</a> first requires a <a href="/wiki/Reducing_agent" title="Reducing agent">reducing agent</a> to donate its electrons to the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ag<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span> cations. Is Hg itself this reducing agent? And what is the exact role of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CuSO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span> in the reduction/amalgamation process of Ag in Hg? Is it acting as a <a href="/wiki/Catalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalyst">catalyst</a> facilitating the transfer of electrons from Hg to the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ag<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span> ions? Are the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cu<sup>2+</sup></span> ions first reduced by Hg into metallic Cu, or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cu<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span> ions, which subsequently could transfer their electrons to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ag<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span> ions? This mechanism has to be elucidated and sourced with reliable references. Please, could you develop the question here and complete the corresponding empty section in the Article page? In advance, thank you very much. <a href="/wiki/User:Shinkolobwe" title="User:Shinkolobwe">Shinkolobwe</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Shinkolobwe" title="User talk:Shinkolobwe">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Patio_process#c-Shinkolobwe-20230221211500-Chemical_reaction_mechanism" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:15, 21 February 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Shinkolobwe-20230221211500-Chemical_reaction_mechanism"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Shinkolobwe-20230221211500-Chemical_reaction_mechanism"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-130.184.252.72-20240813191300-Shinkolobwe-20230221211500"></span>I found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nbmg.unr.edu/ScienceEducation/ScienceOfTheComstock/Chemistry-Ore.html#:~:text=Improvement%20of%20the%20Patio%20Process&text=Ag2S%20%2B%202CuCl%20%3D%202%20AgCl%20%2B,the%20sulfide%20from%20the%20reaction.)&text=The%20silver%20metal%20released%20by,then%20amalgamated%20by%20the%20mercury.">this page</a> on UNR's website discussing the patio process, which provides the following:</dd> <dd>"water, mercury, salt and roasted copper and iron sulfides were added"</dd> <dd>"roasted copper and iron sulfides turn into copper sulfates (CuSO4) and iron sulfates (FeSO4). The salt (NaCl) reacts with the silver sulfide (Ag2S) in the open air and light to form silver chloride (AgCl)"</dd> <dd>1) Ag2S + 2NaCl + 2O2 = Na2SO4 + 2AgCl</dd> <dd>2) 2AgCl + 2Hg = 2Ag + Hg2Cl2</dd> <dd>Admittedly, my knowledge of ionic chemistry is sparse, so I cannot attest to the correctness of the equations above, but given the presence of sulfates on the products side, it seems like the copper is consumed, so it is not catalytic (at least as I understand it). However, toward the latter points you make, it seems like the sulfates are reacting with the brine to produce AgCl which would seem to indicate that Hg is the reducing agent.</dd> <dd>Additionally, for a more formal academic source, please see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1999/dt/a905612b">here</a>.</dd> <dd>I have not edited wikipedia in the past, and am interested in this topic for academic research, but at present do not have plans to update this article, but hopefully provide some first resources for those that might <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/130.184.252.72" title="Special:Contributions/130.184.252.72">130.184.252.72</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:130.184.252.72" title="User talk:130.184.252.72">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Patio_process#c-130.184.252.72-20240813191300-Shinkolobwe-20230221211500" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:13, 13 August 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-130.184.252.72-20240813191300-Shinkolobwe-20230221211500"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-130.184.252.72-20240813191300-Shinkolobwe-20230221211500"></span></dd></dl>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Patio_process&oldid=1240139798">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Patio_process&oldid=1240139798</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Mining_articles" title="Category:C-Class Mining articles">C-Class Mining articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Mining_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Mining articles">Mid-importance Mining articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Mining_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Mining articles">WikiProject Mining articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 August 2024, at 19:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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