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Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi

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Tilgængelig på 44 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83" title="غاياتري شاكرافورتي سبيفاك – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غاياتري شاكرافورتي سبيفاك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83" title="جاياترى شاكرافورتى سبيفاك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاياترى شاكرافورتى سبيفاك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="গায়ত্ৰী চক্ৰৱৰ্তী স্পিভাক – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গায়ত্ৰী চক্ৰৱৰ্তী স্পিভাক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="قایاتری چاکراورتی اسپیواک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قایاتری چاکراورتی اسپیواک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="গায়ত্রী চক্রবর্তী স্পিভাক – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গায়ত্রী চক্রবর্তী স্পিভাক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Spivak" title="Gayatri Spivak – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gayatri Spivak" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9_%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B9_%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BA" title="Γκαγιάτρι Τσακραβόρτι Σπίβακ – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκαγιάτρι Τσακραβόρτι Σπίβακ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Spivak" title="Gayatri Spivak – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gayatri Spivak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="گایاتری چاکراورتی اسپیواک – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گایاتری چاکراورتی اسپیواک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A6%27%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A7" title="גיאטרי צ&#039;קרוורטי ספיבק – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיאטרי צ&#039;קרוורטי ספיבק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="गायत्री चक्रवर्ती स्पीवाक – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गायत्री चक्रवर्ती स्पीवाक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BBC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%AF" title="ガヤトリ・C・スピヴァク – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガヤトリ・C・スピヴァク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%95%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC_%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B0_%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EB%B0%95" title="가야트리 차크라보르티 스피박 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가야트리 차크라보르티 스피박" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗായത്രി ചക്രവർത്തി സ്പിവക് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗായത്രി ചക്രവർത്തി സ്പിവക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95" title="ਗਾਇਤਰੀ ਸਪੀਵਾਕ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਾਇਤਰੀ ਸਪੀਵਾਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="گایتری چکرورتی سپیواک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گایتری چکرورتی سپیواک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="ګایاتري چکراورتي سپيواک – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګایاتري چکراورتي سپيواک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Спивак, Гаятри Чакраворти – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спивак, Гаятри Чакраворти" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1jatr%C3%AD_%C4%8Cakravart%C3%ADov%C3%A1_Spiv%C3%A1kov%C3%A1" title="Gájatrí Čakravartíová Spiváková – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gájatrí Čakravartíová Spiváková" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="காயத்ரி சக்ரவர்த்தி ஸ்பிவாக் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காயத்ரி சக்ரவர்த்தி ஸ்பிவாக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="గాయత్రి చక్రవర్తి స్పివాక్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గాయత్రి చక్రవర్తి స్పివాక్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ґаятрі Чакраворті Співак – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґаятрі Чакраворті Співак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%83%E8%92%82%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B" title="贾亚特里·查克拉沃蒂·斯皮瓦克 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="贾亚特里·查克拉沃蒂·斯皮瓦克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q240851#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak&amp;action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak&amp;action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Værktøjer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background: #ecf4fc; padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; font-size:140%; line-height: 130%;">Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gayatri_Spivak_on_Subversive_Festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gayatri_Spivak_on_Subversive_Festival.jpg/200px-Gayatri_Spivak_on_Subversive_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gayatri_Spivak_on_Subversive_Festival.jpg/301px-Gayatri_Spivak_on_Subversive_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gayatri_Spivak_on_Subversive_Festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ecf4fc;">Personlig information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Født</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/24._februar" title="24. februar">24. februar</a> <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> (82&#160;år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vestbengalen" title="Vestbengalen">Vestbengalen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240851#P19" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ecf4fc;">Uddannelse og virke</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Uddannelses&#173;sted</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Universitetet i Calcutta<small></small>,<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a><small></small>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a><small></small>,<br />Lady Brabourne College<small></small>,<br />St. John&#39;s Diocesan Girls&#39; Higher Secondary School<sup id="cite_ref-sprog_enQ7588662_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sprog_enQ7588662-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><small></small> med flere <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240851#P69" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Medlem af</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">American Academy of Arts and Sciences<small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240851#P463" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Beskæftigelse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Universitetsunderviser<small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Overs%C3%A6tter" title="Oversætter">oversætter</a><small></small>, forfatter<small></small>, litteraturkritiker<small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Filosof" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosof">filosof</a><small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240851#P106" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Arbejdsgiver</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a><small> (1966-1970, 1970-1974)</small>, University of Pittsburgh<small> (1986-1991)</small>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a><small> (fra 1991)</small>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a><small> (1978-1984)</small>, <a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a><small> (1984-1986)</small>, University of California Irvine<small> (2002-2018)</small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240851#P108" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Påvirket af</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Paul De Man <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240851#P737" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ecf4fc;">Nomineringer og priser</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Udmærkelser</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Doctorat honoris causa de l&#39;université Paris-VIII<small> (2014)</small>,<br />Guggenheim-Stipendium<small> (1995)</small>,<br />Kyotoprisen for kunst og filosofi<small> (2012)</small>,<br />Padma Bhushan<small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240851#P166" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em"><small><small>Information med symbolet <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img 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/></a></span></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak</b> (født <a href="/wiki/24._februar" title="24. februar">24. februar</a> <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> i <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a>) er en indisk <a href="/wiki/Litteraturteori" title="Litteraturteori">litteraturteoretiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forfatter" title="Forfatter">forfatter</a> og <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> i <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>. </p><p>Spivak er mest kendt for sit essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?", som anses for at være en <a href="/wiki/Postkolonialisme" title="Postkolonialisme">postkolonialistisk</a> nøgletekst, og for sin introduktion til <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derridas</a> <i>Om grammatologi</i>. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a> vandt hun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyoto_Prize_in_Arts_and_Philosophy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy</a> for sit virke som "en kritisk teoretiker og underviser, der taler for humaniora imod intellektuel kolonialisme i relation til den globaliserede verden".<sup id="cite_ref-verden_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verden-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a> blev hun tildelt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Padma_Bhushan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Padma Bhushan (ikke skrevet endnu)">Padma Bhushan</a>, den tredje mest prestigefyldte civile pris i Indien.<sup id="cite_ref-Indien_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indien-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spivak er mest kendt for sine kritiske teorier om samtidens kultur, der udfordrer arven fra <a href="/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme">kolonialismen</a> og den gængse forståelse af <a href="/wiki/Litteratur" title="Litteratur">litteratur</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kultur" title="Kultur">kultur</a>. Hun fokuserer ofte på de kulturelle tekster, der stammer fra de grupper, der marginaliseres i den vestlige kultur, immigranter, arbejderklassen, kvinder og andre marginaliserede positioner. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faglitteratur">Faglitteratur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Faglitteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Faglitteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Myself, I Must Remake: The Life and Poetry of W.B. Yeats</i> (1974)</li> <li><i>Of Grammatology</i> (oversættelse med introduktion til Derridas værk) (1976)</li> <li><i>In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics</i> (1987)</li> <li><i>Selected Subaltern Studies</i> (red. med Ranajit Guha) (1988)</li> <li><i>The Post-Colonial Critic - Interviews, Strategies, Dialogues</i> (1990)</li> <li><i>Outside in the Teaching Machine</i> (1993)</li> <li><i>The Spivak Reader</i> (1995)</li> <li><i>A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Towards a History of the Vanishing Present</i> (1999)</li> <li><i>Death of a Discipline</i> (2003)</li> <li><i>Other Asias</i> (2005)</li> <li><i>An Aesthetic Education in the Era of Globalization</i> (2012)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skønlitteratur"><span id="Sk.C3.B8nlitteratur"></span>Skønlitteratur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Skønlitteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Skønlitteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Imaginary Maps</i> (1994)</li> <li><i>Breast Stories</i> (1997)</li> <li><i>Old Women</i> (1999)</li> <li><i>Song for Kali: A Cycle</i> (2000)</li> <li><i>Chotti Munda and His Arrow</i> (2002)</li> <li><i>Red Thread</i> (under udgivelse)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noter">Noter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Noter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sprog_enQ7588662-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sprog_enQ7588662_1-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:gray; cursor:help;"><small>Navnet er anført på engelsk og stammer fra <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7588662" class="extiw" title="d:Q7588662">Wikidata</a> hvor navnet endnu ikke findes på dansk.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-verden-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-verden_2-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyotoprize.org/2012/en/28k-laureates-c.html">The 2012 Kyoto Prize Laureate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225020/http://www.kyotoprize.org/2012/en/28k-laureates-c.html">Arkiveret</a> 4. marts 2016 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Inamori Foundation. 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