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href="#Early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-World_War_II_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-World_War_II_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Post-World War II jazz</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-World_War_II_jazz-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-World War II jazz subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-World_War_II_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Impact_of_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_of_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Impact of television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_of_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_in_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_in_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Women in jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_in_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jazz_in_the_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jazz_in_the_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Jazz in the 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazz_in_the_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s_and_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s_and_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>1980s and 1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s_and_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>2000 to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australian_Jazz_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_Jazz_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Australian Jazz Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_Jazz_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australian_jazz_magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_jazz_magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Australian jazz magazines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_jazz_magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Australian_jazz_musicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Australian_jazz_musicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable Australian jazz musicians</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_Australian_jazz_musicians-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable Australian jazz musicians subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_Australian_jazz_musicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_ensembles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_ensembles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notable ensembles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_ensembles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Australian+jazz%22">"Australian jazz"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Australian+jazz%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Australian+jazz%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Australian+jazz%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Australian+jazz%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Australian+jazz%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dance_band_at_the_Jack_Keating_Dance_Studio_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Dance_band_at_the_Jack_Keating_Dance_Studio_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg/300px-Dance_band_at_the_Jack_Keating_Dance_Studio_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Dance_band_at_the_Jack_Keating_Dance_Studio_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg/450px-Dance_band_at_the_Jack_Keating_Dance_Studio_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Dance_band_at_the_Jack_Keating_Dance_Studio_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg/600px-Dance_band_at_the_Jack_Keating_Dance_Studio_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>Australian Dance band at the Jack Keating Dance Studio circa 1930 from the Tom Lennon collection, courtesy of the Powerhouse Museum</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> music has a long history in Australia. Over the years jazz has held a high-profile at local clubs, festivals and other music venues and a vast number of recordings have been produced by <b>Australian jazz</b> musicians, many of whom have gone on to gain a high profile in the international jazz arena. </p><p>Jazz is an <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">American musical genre</a> originated by <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> but the style was rapidly and enthusiastically taken up by musicians all over the world, including Australia. Jazz and jazz-influenced syncopated dance music was being performed in Australia within a year of the emergence of jazz as a definable musical genre in the United States. </p><p>Until the 1950s the primary form of accompaniment at Australian public dances was jazz-based dance music, modeled on the leading white British and American jazz bands, and this style enjoyed wide popularity. </p><p>It was not until after World War II that Australian jazz scene began to diversify as local musicians were finally able to get access to recordings by leading African-American jazz musicians like <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">cool jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">free jazz</a> exerting a strong influence on Australian musicians in the late 1950s and beyond. </p><p>Although jazz in Australia suffered a significant drop in popularity during the Sixties, as it did in most other countries, there was a marked resurgence of interest in the Seventies, Eighties and Nineties as a new generation of musicians came to the fore. </p><p>As in the popular field, it is also important to acknowledge the role of New Zealand musicians on the Australian jazz scene – in the view of jazz historian <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bisset" title="Andrew Bisset">Andrew Bisset</a>, it is impossible to properly discuss the subject of Australian jazz without reference to New Zealand. Many of the leading "Australian" jazz playing musicians of the last 80 years have come from New Zealand, beginning with figures like reeds player Abe Romaine in the 1920s and later including renowned pianist-composers <a href="/wiki/Judy_Bailey_(pianist)" title="Judy Bailey (pianist)">Judy Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Nock" title="Mike Nock">Mike Nock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dave_MacRae" title="Dave MacRae">Dave MacRae</a>, and vocalist <a href="/wiki/Ricky_May" title="Ricky May">Ricky May</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jazz_precursors_in_Australia">Jazz precursors in Australia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Jazz precursors in Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>White American and British '<a href="/wiki/Black_face" class="mw-redirect" title="Black face">black face</a>' bards (musician/actors in make-up) brought imitations of slave plantation music (and dance) to Australia by the 1840s, featuring characteristics that later became associated with jazz, such as <a href="/wiki/Polyrhythmic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyrhythmic">polyrhythmic</a> 'breaks'. From the 1850s, full <a href="/wiki/Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">minstrel shows</a> with minstrel 'orchestras', including locally formed troupes, toured the major capital cities and smaller, <a href="/wiki/Boomtown" title="Boomtown">boom towns</a> like <a href="/wiki/Ballarat,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballarat, Victoria">Ballarat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bendigo,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bendigo, Victoria">Bendigo</a>. Visits by American <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> troupes became much more common after the introduction of regular steamship services between America and Australia in the 1870s. Some genuine <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> minstrel troupes and <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Singers" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubilee Singers">Jubilee Singers</a> (black chamber choirs) toured from the 1870s. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a> reached Australia in the 1890s in the form of <a href="/wiki/Syncopated" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncopated">syncopated</a> <a href="/wiki/Cakewalk" title="Cakewalk">cakewalk</a> march music and syncopated "<a href="/wiki/Coon-song" class="mw-redirect" title="Coon-song">coon-song</a>" and many white and black ragtime artists of repute toured Australia, including the black ragtime vocalist, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hogan" title="Ernest Hogan">Ernest Hogan</a>, and white artists <a href="/wiki/Ben_Harney" title="Ben Harney">Ben Harney</a> (the self-proclaimed 'originator' of ragtime) and <a href="/wiki/Gene_Greene" title="Gene Greene">Gene Greene</a> (the Emperor of Ragtime). Greene in particular taught many Australian artists how to 'rag' (improvise in ragtime style). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ces_Morrison_at_piano_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ces_Morrison_at_piano_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg/200px-Ces_Morrison_at_piano_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ces_Morrison_at_piano_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg/300px-Ces_Morrison_at_piano_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ces_Morrison_at_piano_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg/400px-Ces_Morrison_at_piano_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="733" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ces_Morrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ces Morrison (page does not exist)">Ces Morrison</a> at the piano circa 1930 from the Tom Lennon collection, courtesy of the Powerhouse Museum</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belle_Sylvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belle Sylvia (page does not exist)">Belle Sylvia</a> and Her Jazz Band were billed as "Australia’s first jazz band"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when they performed at <a href="/wiki/Ben_Fuller_(producer)" title="Ben Fuller (producer)">Ben Fuller</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Amphitheatre,_Sydney" title="National Amphitheatre, Sydney">National Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> in 1918, though they were a band imported from England.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thanks to close Australian links with American theatrical entertainment circuits, and <a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a> marketing of American music to Australia via <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonograph</a> records, modern dance arrangements, <a href="/wiki/Piano_roll" title="Piano roll">piano rolls</a> and visiting jazz acts, Australians developed a strong interest in jazz influenced dance music and its related forms. 'Jazz' or 'jass' (hot dance music) was well established by the mid-1920s. Jazz was recorded on piano-rolls in Australia before 1923 and disc recordings like "Red Hot Mamma" and "<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Georgia_Brown" title="Sweet Georgia Brown">Sweet Georgia Brown</a>" by Ray Tellier's San Francisco Orchestra were also being recorded by 1925. </p><p>The biggest musical influence in the period 1923–1928 was a succession of visiting white American jazz (or dance) orchestras, mainly from the West Coast. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Ellis_and_his_Californians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Ellis and his Californians (page does not exist)">Frank Ellis and his Californians</a>, who arrived in 1923. Thousands of dance fans regularly flocked to see them at Sydney's largest dance hall, the Palais Royale (the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Hall_of_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Hall of Industries (page does not exist)">Royal Hall of Industries</a> at <a href="/wiki/Moore_Park,_New_South_Wales" title="Moore Park, New South Wales">Moore Park</a>, which still stands today). American bands and individual imported 'jazz specialists'continued to be imported by Australian theatrical entrepreneurs until the end of the 1920s. Australians could study the performance and presentation style of these bands first-hand and talented local musicians were soon offered places in some of them. </p><p>Restrictions on touring American bands after 1928, resulting from the forced departure of the visiting African-American band <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Clay" title="Sonny Clay">Sonny Clay</a>'s Plantation Orchestra meant that Australian dance musician usually had to learn about jazz from recorded or written sources.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These included imported recordings, dance arrangements, jazz on film (after 1929), patent 'how to jazz courses', individual visiting artists (most of whom were white) and literature such as <i>Australian Dance Band News</i> (1932–with subsequent title changes). </p><p>However, from the early 1930s, Australian dance musicians began to hear and absorb the work of black artists and leaders like <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> and Armstrong as well as English jazz influences. Notable swing bands of the 1930s included <a href="/wiki/James_Hutchinson_Davidson" title="James Hutchinson Davidson">Jim Davidson</a> & His New Palais Royal Orchestra, Frank Coughlan & His Trocadero Orchestra, Dudley Cantrell & His Grace Grenadiers, and numerous others and many were recorded. </p><p>Australian jazz musician Bert Howell toured the world in 1933<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> playing compositions like "Wabash Moon" by Australian composer <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Stoneham" title="Reginald Stoneham">Reginald Stoneham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trombonist and bandleader <a href="/wiki/Frank_Coughlan" title="Frank Coughlan">Frank Coughlan</a> (1904–1979) has been called "The Father of Australian Jazz".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had an illustrious career that lasted from the early 1920s to the 1970s. He was chosen to lead the famous jazz orchestra that was put together for the opening in 1936 of the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Trocadero" title="Sydney Trocadero">Sydney Trocadero</a>, which became the city's leading dance venue for the next 35 years, and Coughlan led the orchestra at "The Troc" until its closure in 1971. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-World_War_II_jazz">Post-World War II jazz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-World War II jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the end of World War II Australian jazz began to diverge into two major strands: <a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">dixieland</a> or 'traditional jazz' (early jazz) and modern styles like progressive <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">boogie-woogie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bop</a> as exemplified by the music of <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Bell" title="Graeme Bell">Graeme Bell</a> was an important contributor to <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>'s 1940s traditional jazz boom and in 1947 his band, with the support of <a href="/wiki/Harry_Stein_(communist)" title="Harry Stein (communist)">Harry Stein</a>, was a great success when they played at the World Youth Festival in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, going on to tour Europe and finally basing themselves in England where they are said to have exerted a strong influence on the European traditional jazz revival of that era. On returning to Australia Graeme Bell's Jazz Band worked successfully on the local club circuit, as well as recording and touring extensively. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Jazz_Quartet/Quintet" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Jazz Quartet/Quintet">Australian Jazz Quartet/Quintet</a> was a contemporary Australian jazz group that did very well in the US at that time. In the early 1950s pianist <a href="/wiki/Bryce_Rohde" title="Bryce Rohde">Bryce Rohde</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Errol_Buddle" title="Errol Buddle">Errol Buddle</a> (reeds) and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Brokensha" title="Jack Brokensha">Jack Brokensha</a> (vibes and drums) moved from Australia to Windsor in Canada. An agent heard them play locally and asked if they would come across the border to back female vocalist <a href="/wiki/Chris_Connor" title="Chris Connor">Chris Connor</a> at a nightclub in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>. This started the ball rolling, and in 1953, along with American saxophonist and bassist Dick Healey, they formed the Australian Jazz Quartet. </p><p>This very successful unit recorded ten albums and worked at most major US jazz venues. Sometimes a bass player and drummer would be hired to complement the group during recording sessions, and when they ultimately added a permanent bass player they renamed themselves the Australian Jazz Quintet (AJQ). American bassist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Gaston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Gaston (page does not exist)">Ed Gaston</a> joined the AJQ while they were touring the US in 1958 and he later married and settled down in Australia, becoming an important contributor to the local jazz scene in the ensuing years. Drummer <a href="/wiki/Colin_Bailey_(drummer)" title="Colin Bailey (drummer)">Colin Bailey</a> played with the AJQ from 1958–60. </p><p>The AJQ was highly rated in polls run by US jazz magazines such as <i><a href="/wiki/Down_Beat" class="mw-redirect" title="Down Beat">Down Beat</a></i>. They worked on the same bill as names like <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan">Gerry Mulligan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Jazz_Quartet" title="Modern Jazz Quartet">Modern Jazz Quartet</a>; backed singers <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carmen_McRae" title="Carmen McRae">Carmen McRae</a>; and played at top venues such as <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birdland_(jazz_club)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birdland (jazz club)">Birdland</a>. </p><p>Another Australian jazz musician, bassist <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cale" title="Bruce Cale">Bruce Cale</a>, was an early collaborator with Bryce Rohde in Sydney, and subsequently moved to London where he worked with the famous Tubby Hayes Quartet and other jazz groups before relocating to the US in 1966. He went on to play in bands led by John Handy, Ernie Watts, John Klemmer and Jack Walrath, to name just a few. Based in the US for several years, Cale also worked with Zoot Sims, Toshiko Akiyoshi, Mose Allison, James Zitro, ContraBand, Phil Woods, Alan Dawson ... Back in Australia in the late 1970s he worked with most of Australia's leading musicians and in particular his own quartet with Dale Barlow, Roger Frampton and Phil Treloar. In the 1980s he concentrated on composition, working on specially commissioned pieces and also studied with George Russell. In the intervening years he has performed with many of his favourite jazz musicians in Australia including Julian Lee, Kevin Hunt, Mike Nock, Bob Bertles, John Sangster, Sandy Evans and many more. His bass sound has been heard by anyone who ever listened to Jim McLeods JazzTrack on ABC Radio as the memorable signature music for many years was Windows of Arquez which he recorded with Bryce Rhode. </p><p>The El Rocco became a legend in Australian jazz history and in the 1980s a documentary movie <i>Beyond The El Rocco</i> was made about the club. Many of Sydney's top musicians worked there early in their careers including <a href="/wiki/John_Sangster" title="John Sangster">John Sangster</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pochee" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pochee">John Pochee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Burrows" title="Don Burrows">Don Burrows</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Golla" title="George Golla">George Golla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lawrence_Turnbull" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lawrence Turnbull">Alan Turnbull</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judy_Bailey_(pianist)" title="Judy Bailey (pianist)">Judy Bailey</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Out" title="The Three Out">The Three Out</a> trio with <a href="/wiki/Mike_Nock" title="Mike Nock">Mike Nock</a> (Piano), <a href="/wiki/Freddy_Logan" title="Freddy Logan">Freddy Logan</a> (Bass), and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Karan" title="Chris Karan">Chris Karan</a> (Drums) attracted some of the largest crowds at Sydney's El Rocco, a small cellar club situated in <a href="/wiki/Kings_Cross,_New_South_Wales" title="Kings Cross, New South Wales">Kings Cross</a>. Originally from New Zealand, Mike Nock came to Sydney in the late 1950s and almost immediately scored a regular spot at the El Rocco. Bassist Freddy Logan hailed from the Netherlands and had already been very active in the Sydney jazz scene both as a player and a promoter of jazz, and in later years drummer Chris Karan would gain international recognition as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> Trio. </p><p>The members of the Three Out Trio first got together as part of a group that Sydney alto saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Frank_Smith_(musician)" title="Frank Smith (musician)">Frank Smith</a> put together as the house band at "The Embers", a very successful jazz club in Melbourne that also featured top international jazz artists such as the <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson_Trio" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar Peterson Trio">Oscar Peterson Trio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a>. Before he left for Melbourne Frank Smith had made a big impression in Sydney, he worked with most of the top professional bands and could often be found playing at the El Rocco in its earlier years. A handful of Sydney jazz musicians including <a href="/wiki/John_Pochee" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pochee">John Pochee</a>, Barry Woods, Dave MacRae, Andy Brown and <a href="/wiki/Bernie_McGann" title="Bernie McGann">Bernie McGann</a> also travelled south around that time, finding work in venues such as "The Fat Black Pussycat", another Melbourne jazz club that provided an outlet for those intent on playing uncompromising forms of jazz. The most successful group to appear at Sydney's Mocambo Restaurant in King St Newtown was the Mocambo Four, with Sid Edwards (Vibraphone), Tony Esterman (Piano), Winston Sterling (Bass) and Laurie Kennedy (Drums). The piano chair was also filled by Tony Curby or Bob Dunn over the band's stint of around 4 years during the early 1960s. This venue was very well attended, with people often lined up in the street waiting to get in. </p><p>In 1957, jazz producer <a href="/wiki/Horst_Liepolt" title="Horst Liepolt">Horst Liepolt</a> set up a new venue in Melbourne, "Jazz Centre 44". For four to five nights a week, and Sunday afternoons, up to 200 people would gather in the upstairs room to hear <a href="/wiki/Brian_Brown_(musician)" title="Brian Brown (musician)">Brian Brown</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stewie_Speer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stewie Speer (page does not exist)">Stewie Speer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(bandleader)" title="Alan Lee (bandleader)">Alan Lee</a>, Graeme Morgan, Keith Hounslow, the Melbourne New Orleans Jazz Band and many other local jazz musicians, and Jazz Centre 44 remained a major venue for jazz in Melbourne for almost a decade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_of_television">Impact of television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Impact of television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Television was an important source of work for jazz musicians in the early-mid-1960s; the <a href="/wiki/GTV-9" class="mw-redirect" title="GTV-9">GTV-9</a> house band, which provided music for programs like <a href="/wiki/Graham_Kennedy" title="Graham Kennedy">Graham Kennedy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/In_Melbourne_Tonight" title="In Melbourne Tonight">In Melbourne Tonight</a></i> employed many of best players on the Melbourne jazz/<a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">session scene</a> and showcased younger entrants into the scene, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Red_Onion_Jazz_Band" title="The Red Onion Jazz Band">The Red Onion Jazz Band</a>. Melbourne musicians like <a href="/wiki/Brian_Brown_(musician)" title="Brian Brown (musician)">Brian Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Clarke_(jazz_musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Clarke (jazz musician)">Bruce Clarke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Smith_(musician)" title="Frank Smith (musician)">Frank Smith</a> also worked extensively on soundtracks and advertising music, and Clarke's Jingle Workshop studio in St Kilda, which produced much important music in these genres, was a significant focus, not merely for its commercial work, but also because it was the venue for regular Sunday jam sessions, many of which Clarke recorded. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rock_%27n%27_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock 'n' roll">Rock 'n' roll</a> rapidly gained popularity in the youth music scene from the mid-1950s and pop and rock continued to dominate in the Sixties and beyond. Many leading jazz performers like <a href="/wiki/Graeme_Lyall" title="Graeme Lyall">Graeme Lyall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stewie_Speer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stewie Speer (page does not exist)">Stewie Speer</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Sangster" title="John Sangster">John Sangster</a> and Tony Buchanan worked with rock groups and absorbed important stylistic influences from the <a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a> genres. </p><p>From the late 1960s, there was a revival to the '<a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a>' format, partly fuelled by the popularity of big band rock ensembles like <a href="/wiki/Blood_Sweat_%26_Tears" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood Sweat & Tears">Blood Sweat & Tears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a>. The most notable local modern big band was the acclaimed but short-lived <a href="/wiki/Daly-Wilson_Big_Band" title="Daly-Wilson Big Band">Daly-Wilson Big Band</a>, which enjoyed considerable popularity and which was the first Australian musical act to tour the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Another very popular band is <a href="/wiki/Galapagos_Duck" title="Galapagos Duck">Galapagos Duck</a>, who exerted a huge influence on the Sydney jazz scene as part-owners of and regular performers at Sydney's longest-running jazz venue, The Basement, which opened in 1973. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serge_Ermoll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serge Ermoll (page does not exist)">Serge Ermoll</a>'s Free Kata, the first free jazz ensemble to record and internationally release a series of albums including <i>The New Language of Music</i> on <a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philips_Records" title="Philips Records">Philips Records</a> title <i>Spontaneous Improvisations</i>. </p><p>An early example of jazz on Australian television was <i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_and_Low_(TV_series)" title="Sweet and Low (TV series)">Sweet and Low</a></i>, a 1959 ABC series which aired for a six-episode season. Another series was <i><a href="/wiki/Look_Who%27s_Dropped_In" title="Look Who's Dropped In">Look Who's Dropped In</a></i>, a four-episode ABC series that aired 1957–1958, and 1959 ABC series <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_All_Star_Jazz_Band" title="Australian All Star Jazz Band">Australian All Star Jazz Band</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women_in_jazz">Women in jazz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Women in jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Women had played in jazz bands of their own since the early 1920s, with bands led by <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Ready" title="Thelma Ready">Thelma Ready</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eve_Rees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eve Rees (page does not exist)">Eve Rees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alice_Dolphin" title="Alice Dolphin">Alice Dolphin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grace_Funston" title="Grace Funston">Grace Funston</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The groups were often considered a novelty by the press,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but received employment at venues such as Melbourne's <a href="/wiki/Palais_Theatre" title="Palais Theatre">Palais Pictures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The groups gained further popularity during World War II, but many found themselves unemployed following the war, with Grace Funston complaining that when the male musicians had returned the women lost their jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singer <a href="/wiki/Barbara_James_(musician)" title="Barbara James (musician)">Barbara James</a> was considered one of Australia's most famous big band vocalists during the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She performed with Jim Davidson and Frank Coughlan, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the Palais, an all female band continued to perform until 1949 when the big band sound began to lose favour with the public.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jazz_in_the_1970s">Jazz in the 1970s</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jazz in the 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A very significant development in 1973 was the inception of the jazz studies course at the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Conservatorium_of_Music" title="Sydney Conservatorium of Music">Sydney Conservatorium of Music</a>, the first jazz course to be offered by an Australian tertiary institution. The then Director of the Sydney Conservatorium, <a href="/wiki/Rex_Hobcroft" title="Rex Hobcroft">Rex Hobcroft</a>, was approached by jazz musician <a href="/wiki/Don_Burrows" title="Don Burrows">Don Burrows</a> about the idea of putting together a jazz studies course. Radio station <a href="/wiki/Fine_Music_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine Music Sydney">Fine Music Sydney</a> (then known as 2MBS) was launched in 1974 and would broadcast jazz music to this day. </p><p>Ultimately American saxophonist and music educator <a href="/wiki/Howie_Smith" title="Howie Smith">Howie Smith</a> was brought to Sydney on a grant from the <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright Program</a> to set up the course. The grant was originally for 9 months but Howie Smith ended up staying for three years, and as well as his involvement with the Conservatorium he also became very active in the Sydney jazz scene, mostly with the group <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_Co/op&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jazz Co/op (page does not exist)">Jazz Co/op</a> which also included local musicians <a href="/wiki/Roger_Frampton" title="Roger Frampton">Roger Frampton</a> (piano), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Thorncraft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Thorncraft (page does not exist)">Jack Thorncraft</a> (bass) and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Treloar" title="Phil Treloar">Phil Treloar</a> (drums). </p><p>When The Basement opened its doors it became Sydney's major jazz club during the seventies, and its success encouraged many other venue owners to hire jazz groups. Jazz producer <a href="/wiki/Horst_Liepolt" title="Horst Liepolt">Horst Liepolt</a>, who was booking bands for The Basement, became very active at that time and he set in motion a number of jazz venues and events, including The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manly_Jazz_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manly Jazz Festival (page does not exist)">Manly Jazz Festival</a>, Jazz at the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Festival" title="Sydney Festival">Sydney Festival</a> and his own series of jazz concerts titled "Music is an Open Sky". Horst Liepolt also set up the 44 record label (a subsidiary of Phonogram records) which recorded over 30 albums of local jazz. He also organised numerous successful concerts at many of Sydney's high-profile entertainment venues including the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House" title="Sydney Opera House">Sydney Opera House</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Regent_Theatre_(Sydney)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regent Theatre (Sydney)">Regent Theatre</a>. </p><p>This major resurgence of Australian jazz took place mostly in Sydney, but it had some flow-on effects in the jazz scene throughout Australia. Many jazz musicians came to Sydney from other areas of Australia during this decade, either to perform at special concerts or in some cases to live permanently and pursue a career in music. There was also a more than usual interest for jazz in Melbourne during the 1970s. Jazz performances were included in the Moomba Festival and Melbourne jazz musicians such as Tony Gould, Brian Brown, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Sedergreen" title="Bob Sedergreen">Bob Sedergreen</a> and Ted Vining benefited from the resurgence of interest in the music at that time. </p><p>A lot of top American jazz musicians performed in Sydney during the seventies, and major players such as <a href="/wiki/Dave_Liebman" title="Dave Liebman">Dave Liebman</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Scofield" title="John Scofield">John Scofield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Vitous" class="mw-redirect" title="Miroslav Vitous">Miroslav Vitous</a> gave master classes and workshops while they were there. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barnard_(musician)" title="Bob Barnard (musician)">Bob Barnard</a> has become an icon of Australian jazz and has probably made more of an impression internationally than any other Australian jazz musician. In the year of 1974 the Bob Barnard Jazz Band was formed. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz fusion</a>, as typified by groups like <a href="/wiki/Return_to_Forever" title="Return to Forever">Return to Forever</a>, largely passed Australia by, although the group Crossfire was probably the best and best-known Australian act to work in this area. </p><p>Some of the many working jazz groups in Sydney during the seventies were the Jazz Co/op, <a href="/wiki/John_Pochee" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pochee">John Pochee</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Straw_(band)" title="The Last Straw (band)">The Last Straw</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Don_Burrows" title="Don Burrows">Don Burrows</a> Quartet, the <a href="/wiki/Galapagos_Duck" title="Galapagos Duck">Galapagos Duck</a>, The Judy Bailey Quartet, <a href="/wiki/Kerrie_Biddell" title="Kerrie Biddell">Kerrie Biddell</a> and Compared to What, the Bob Barnard Jazz Band, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Furniss" title="Paul Furniss">Paul Furniss</a>' Eclipse Alley Five, Col Nolan and the Soul Syndicate featuring vocalist Johnny Nicol, the <a href="/wiki/Peter_Boothman" title="Peter Boothman">Peter Boothman</a> / Sid Edwards quartet, Serge Ermoll and Free Kata, and <a href="/wiki/Craig_Benjamin" title="Craig Benjamin">Craig Benjamin</a>'s Out To Lunch. </p><p>The jazz scene in Sydney slowed down a little towards the start of the 1980s when The Basement pursued a more commercial music policy after extending their premises by adding a large upstairs area. Around that same time Horst Liepolt left Australia, going on to a successful career in jazz production in New York, and this left a major gap in the area of jazz promotion in Sydney. However traditional and mainstream bands continued to do well in the pub scene and contemporary jazz could still be found in venues such as The Paradise at Kings Cross, Jenny's in the inner city and Morgan's Feedwell at Glebe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1980s_and_1990s">1980s and 1990s</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1980s and 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the 1980s co-ordination of Jazz concerts was particularly lacking. The NSW Jazz Co-ordination program helped the establishment of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Improvised_Music_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Improvised Music Association (page does not exist)">Sydney Improvised Music Association</a> in Sydney quickly followed by the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Jazz_Co-operative" title="Melbourne Jazz Co-operative">Melbourne Jazz Co-operative</a> in 1982. Both sought and gained Federal Government <a href="/wiki/Arts_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts Council">Arts Council</a> funding soon after establishment. Similar Jazz co-ordination programs were established in other states with Arts Council and State Government Funding.<sup id="cite_ref-council_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-council-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through the 1980s and 1990s jazz remained a small but vibrant sector of the Australian music industry. Despite its relative lack of visibility in the mass market, Australian jazz continued to develop to a high level of creativity and professionalism that, for the most part, has been inversely proportional to its low level of public and industry recognition and acceptance. </p><p>Players who were more influenced by traditional or <a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">cool jazz</a> streams tended to dominate public attention and some moved successfully into academia. Multi-instrumentalist <a href="/wiki/Don_Burrows" title="Don Burrows">Don Burrows</a> was for several decades a regular presence on television and radio, as well as being a prolific session musician. His quartets (usually with <a href="/wiki/George_Golla" title="George Golla">George Golla</a> on guitar) played at many of the top international jazz festivals and he recorded prolifically in the 1970s and 80s. Although Burrows made no secret of his dislike for the bebop and <a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">free jazz</a> strands, he became a senior teacher at the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Conservatorium_of_Music" title="Sydney Conservatorium of Music">Sydney Conservatorium of Music</a> and has exerted a strong influence on Australian jazz through his recordings, performances and teaching. </p><p>Burrows' protege, trumpeter <a href="/wiki/James_Morrison_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Morrison (musician)">James Morrison</a>, who was heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, has carved out a very successful career playing a style not unlike that of <a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a>, that blended some modern elements (e.g. the crowd-pleasing high-register technical bravura of Dizzy Gillespie) with the accessible structures and melodies of 'trad' and 'cool' jazz. </p><p>Another important figure in Australian jazz education was Melbourne musician/composer Brian Brown. In his early career Brown had been a pioneer of the Australian hard bop stream, and (with close friend and longtime bandmate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stewie_Speer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stewie Speer (page does not exist)">Stewie Speer</a>) Brown's various groups were leading lights of Melbourne's legendary Jazz Centre 44 from the late 1950s. Through the '60s and '70s however, Brown's group sound and compositional ideas moved away from the 'classic' American modern jazz idiom, and he developed his own distinctive style that concentrated on interactive improvisation. Brown founded the jazz course at the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_College_of_the_Arts" title="Victorian College of the Arts">Victorian College of the Arts</a> in 1980 and headed it for the next 18 years, and through his weekly Workshop classes he influenced hundreds of young musicians with his ideas on group performance.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multi-instrumental wind player <a href="/wiki/Dale_Barlow" title="Dale Barlow">Dale Barlow</a> emerged in the late 1970s as one of the most promising new talents on the Australian scene, and after stints in the Young Northside Big Band and a formative period in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Martin_Quintet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Martin Quintet (page does not exist)">David Martin Quintet</a> (with James Morrison), he moved to New York, where he was a member of two famed groups, the <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Walton" title="Cedar Walton">Cedar Walton</a> Quartet and <a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Messengers" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz Messengers">Jazz Messengers</a>. Barlow has also toured and recorded with many other jazz greats including <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Stitt" title="Sonny Stitt">Sonny Stitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chet_Baker" title="Chet Baker">Chet Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gil_Evans" title="Gil Evans">Gil Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackie_McLean" title="Jackie McLean">Jackie McLean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Cobham" title="Billy Cobham">Billy Cobham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Fuller" title="Curtis Fuller">Curtis Fuller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Palmieri" title="Eddie Palmieri">Eddie Palmieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benny_Golson" title="Benny Golson">Benny Golson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Konitz" title="Lee Konitz">Lee Konitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Stitt" title="Sonny Stitt">Sonny Stitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Merrill" title="Helen Merrill">Helen Merrill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mulgrew_Miller" title="Mulgrew Miller">Mulgrew Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Barron" title="Kenny Barron">Kenny Barron</a>. In 1980 he performed at concerts in <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> and Sydney with the Bruce Cale Quartet with <a href="/wiki/Roger_Frampton" title="Roger Frampton">Roger Frampton</a> (piano and saxes) <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cale" title="Bruce Cale">Bruce Cale</a> (bass) and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Treloar" title="Phil Treloar">Phil Treloar</a> (drums). Two live concerts by this group have been recorded, The Bruce Cale Quartet Live (Adelaide concert) and On Fire – The Sydney Concert. </p><p>Guitarist Tony Barnard one of the new breed of musicians to emerge during the late 70s and early 80s, playing bebop, mainstream and original material. Before he reached the age of 20, Barnard had recorded with Don Burrows and John Sangster, toured extensively, performed at the Sydney Opera house and played with overseas stars and just about everybody in the Sydney jazz scene, holding down up to four residencies a week, including the Basement, the Old Rocks push, and Tides Wine bar in Bondi. He formed the band Interplay, Australia's first five guitar ensemble performing big band repertoire to critical acclaim. His popular "All Hat Jazz Band" packing the Unity Hall Hotel in Balmain for some 6 years. In the late 90s moving to the UK, touring Europe and performing with stars like, Keely Smith, Rufus Reid, Curtis Stigers and Kevin Spacey, also joining the much lauded and famous Ronnie Scott's Jazz Orchestra where he has been resident guitarist for 8 years. Barnard's double album The Australian Suite, was received with praise by critics. </p><p>Many "second generation" bebop-influenced performers like <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> born pianist <a href="/wiki/Mike_Nock" title="Mike Nock">Mike Nock</a>, bassist <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Swanton" title="Lloyd Swanton">Lloyd Swanton</a>, saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Dale_Barlow" title="Dale Barlow">Dale Barlow</a>, pianist <a href="/wiki/Chris_Abrahams" title="Chris Abrahams">Chris Abrahams</a>, saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Evans" title="Sandy Evans">Sandy Evans</a>, pianist and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Frampton" title="Roger Frampton">Roger Frampton</a> (who died in 2000) rose to prominence in this period, alongside their older contemporaries, led by <a href="/wiki/Bernie_McGann" title="Bernie McGann">Bernie McGann</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Pochee" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pochee">John Pochee</a>, whose long-running group The Last Straw (founded in 1974) has carried the torch for this stream of jazz for many years. </p><p>New Zealand-born pianist-composer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_McRae_(jazz_musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dave McRae (jazz musician) (page does not exist)">Dave McRae</a> established himself as a performer of note in Australia in the 1960s before moving overseas, where he branched out into a diverse range of activities including a stint as the keyboard player in the British 1970s progressive rock group <a href="/wiki/Matching_Mole" title="Matching Mole">Matching Mole</a> and collaborating with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Oddie" title="Bill Oddie">Bill Oddie</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Goodies" title="The Goodies">The Goodies</a> on music for their TV series. Tony Buchanan, saxophonist, played with Dave Macrae in London. They formed a small jazz band called Galapagus Duck. Tony Buchanan went on to play in Maynard Ferguson's Canadian Big Band and also did a short stint on baritone sax in the Buddy Rich Big Band. He also toured with big names such as Frank Sinatra, Tom Jones, Engelbert Humperdinck, Shirley MacLaine and others. </p><p>The trio of <a href="/wiki/Tony_Buck_(musician)" title="Tony Buck (musician)">Tony Buck</a> (drums), and the aforementioned Lloyd Swanton (bass) and Chris Abrahams (piano), known together as <a href="/wiki/The_Necks" title="The Necks">The Necks</a> since forming in 1987 (see <a href="/wiki/1987_in_music" title="1987 in music">1987 in music</a>), have been particularly notable for hypnotic hour-long jazz, ambient and otherwise widely influenced spontaneous compositions, gaining widespread attention both in Australia and internationally. Their album <i>Drive-By</i>, which consists of a single 60-minute track, was named Jazz Album of the Year in the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Record_Industry_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Record Industry Association">ARIA</a> Awards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2000_to_present">2000 to present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2000 to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1990s and early 2000s, there was a noticeable trend back towards jazz by many popular performers who had been associated with the rock genre. Most notable amongst these were <a href="/wiki/Kate_Ceberano" title="Kate Ceberano">Kate Ceberano</a> and Vince Jones who released traditional jazz or jazz-influenced albums within a very short period of time which included high record sales and performances to large audiences. </p><p>Compared to the latter years of the 1900s jazz lost some of its impetus in Australia in the first decade of the twenty-first century. However it is still very visible in a number of venues including Melbourne's <a href="/wiki/Bennetts_Lane_Jazz_Club" title="Bennetts Lane Jazz Club">Bennett's Lane Jazz Club</a> and concerts in Sydney staged by groups such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Improvised_Music_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Improvised Music Association (page does not exist)">Sydney Improvised Music Association</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venue_505&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venue 505 (page does not exist)">Venue 505</a>, The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazzgroove_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jazzgroove Association (page does not exist)">Jazzgroove Association</a>, and The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_Action_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jazz Action Society (page does not exist)">Jazz Action Society</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Jazz_Co-operative" title="Melbourne Jazz Co-operative">Melbourne Jazz Co-operative</a> since 2007 has run three jazz concerts a week in Melbourne, the most active jazz presenter organisation in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early 2000s saw the introduction of jazz studies at Monash University: a jazz program that is now a leader in jazz education in Australia with staff including Robert Burke, Paul Williamson, Jordan Murray and Johannes Luebbers. The award-winning Monash Art Ensemble (MAE) is their flagship ensemble promoting experimentation and Australian music. The program also produced a long series or recordings (Monash Sessions) inclusive of National and International collaboration. </p><p>In the 2010s, jazz music continues to be a valid and visible form of expression in Australia. Although jazz is virtually ignored by mainstream media, Australia is home to one of the only national 24/7 jazz networks in the world, <a href="/wiki/ABC_Jazz" title="ABC Jazz">ABC Jazz</a> as part of the national broadcaster, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_(ABC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)">Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)</a>. </p><p>ABC Jazz broadcasts jazz 24 hours a day on DAB+ Digital Radio, Digital TV, online at abc.net.au/jazz and on the ABC Radio mobile app. It broadcasts original presented shows by Mal Stanley, Megan Burslem, <a href="/wiki/James_Valentine_(journalist)" title="James Valentine (journalist)">James Valentine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monica_Trapaga" title="Monica Trapaga">Monica Trapaga</a>, as well as weekly featured albums, live sets, and interviews. ABC Jazz also records local acts and broadcasts local content in the regular playlist. </p><p>Jazz festivals continue to be staged, including the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Jazz_Festival" title="Melbourne Jazz Festival">Melbourne Jazz Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Jazz_Fringe_Festival" title="Melbourne Jazz Fringe Festival">Melbourne Jazz Fringe Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wagga_Wagga_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagga Wagga Jazz Festival">Wagga Wagga Jazz Festival</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazzgroove_Summer_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jazzgroove Summer Festival (page does not exist)">Jazzgroove Summer Festival</a>, the Stonnington Jazz Festival, the <a href="/wiki/Wangaratta_Festival_of_Jazz" title="Wangaratta Festival of Jazz">Wangaratta Festival of Jazz</a> and Australia's longest running jazz festival, and the Manly Jazz Festival (celebrating its 40th anniversary in 2017) in Sydney. The inaugural <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Jazz_Festival" title="Adelaide Jazz Festival">Adelaide Jazz Festival</a> was held in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An abundance of talented players, as well as individual composers of unusual strands of jazz, combining jazz with Contemporary Classical music have sprung up in Australia more recently. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Australian_Jazz_Convention">Australian Jazz Convention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Australian Jazz Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Jazz_Convention" title="Australian Jazz Convention">Australian Jazz Convention</a></div> <p>Commencing in 1946, the Australian Jazz Convention is the longest running annual jazz event in the world. The Convention archives are housed at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Jazz_Museum" title="Australian Jazz Museum">Australian Jazz Museum</a>, which maintains a collection of Australian and overseas jazz materials. The first convention was co-founded by pianist <a href="/wiki/Willie_%22The_Lion%22_McIntyre" title="Willie "The Lion" McIntyre">Willie "The Lion" McIntyre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 68th Australian Jazz Convention was held in Goulburn, NSW, from 26 to 31 December 2013. Over 500 Musicians, Delegates and Day Pass Holders participated in the Convention. This was the first Convention arranged by the AJC Executive Task Force Inc, a group of 6 jazz musicians and enthusiasts formed after the 67th Australian Jazz Convention failed to be provided with an option for the 68th Convention. </p><p>Following the success of the 68th Australian Jazz Convention the Annual General Meeting on 30 December 2013 endorsed the recommendation of the AJC Executive Task Force that the 69th Australian Jazz Convention be held at Swan Hill, Victoria from 26 to 31 December 2014. This Convention saw an increase in the number of musicians and delegates on those that participated in the 68th. A highlight of the Convention was the participation of 30 young musicians from the VJC Jazz Youth Workshop. </p><p>On 30 December 2014, the 69th AGM was presented with two options for the 70th AJC by the AJC ETF, Penrith NSW and Ballarat Victoria. The meeting selected Ballarat as the venue. The AJC was hosted by Ballarat for four years, the longest the Convention has settled since inception. At the 73rd AJC, 30th December 2018, the AGM accepted a proposal from Albury to host the 74th AJC. </p><p>The 74th AJC (2019), under continued management by the AJC ETF, hosted for the first time in over 30 years guest artists. With financial support from the NSW Government Marla Dixon (trumpet and vocals) and Shaye Cohn (piano and cornet), band leaders from New Orleans, performed throughout the 74th AJC with Australian musicians. Their presence was greeted by popular acclaim from Musicians and Delegates. </p><p>Regrettably, the 75th AJC, scheduled for December 2020 was postponed until December 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Australian_jazz_magazines">Australian jazz magazines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Australian jazz magazines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Established in 1932, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_Maker_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music Maker (magazine) (page does not exist)">Music Maker</a> was a Sydney-based magazine available nationally, with a focus on jazz music.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1957 they ran a poll to find the most popular jazz musicians in Australia. The winners recorded an album, and included Ken Brentnall (trumpet), Johnny Bamford (trombone), Frank Smith (alto sax), Malcolm "Mal" Cunningham (flute), Don Burrows (clarinet), Dave Owens (tenor sax), Terry Wilkinson (piano), Johnny Weine (guitar), <a href="/wiki/Pat_Caplice" title="Pat Caplice">Pat Caplice</a> (vibraphone), Ron Webber (drums), and Freddy Logan (bass).<sup id="cite_ref-:02_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other titles included Jazz notes (started 1941),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The beat (1949),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matrix (1954),<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jazz down under (1974),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jazz Australia (1980),<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jazz (1984),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Dingo (2021).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Australian_jazz_musicians">Notable Australian jazz musicians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable Australian jazz musicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ade_Monsbourgh" title="Ade Monsbourgh">Ade Monsbourgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(bandleader)" title="Alan Lee (bandleader)">Alan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turnbull_(drummer)" title="Alan Turnbull (drummer)">Alan Turnbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Browne" title="Allan Browne">Allan Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Keller" title="Andrea Keller">Andrea Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_McAll" title="Barney McAll">Barney McAll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Eunson" title="Ben Eunson">Ben Eunson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_McGann" title="Bernie McGann">Bernie McGann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barnard_(musician)" title="Bob Barnard (musician)">Bob Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bertles" title="Bob Bertles">Bob Bertles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Sedergreen" title="Bob Sedergreen">Bob Sedergreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cale" title="Bruce Cale">Bruce Cale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Clarke_(musician)" title="Bruce Clarke (musician)">Bruce Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Rohde" title="Bryce Rohde">Bryce Rohde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Munro" title="Charlie Munro">Charlie Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Ludowyk_(bandleader)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Ludowyk (bandleader) (page does not exist)"> Chris Ludowyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_McNulty" title="Chris McNulty">Chris McNulty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Barlow" title="Dale Barlow">Dale Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dannielle_Gaha" title="Dannielle Gaha">Dannielle Gaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Dallwitz" title="Dave Dallwitz">Dave Dallwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Panichi" title="Dave Panichi">Dave Panichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Jones_(drummer)" title="David Jones (drummer)">David Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Burrows" title="Don Burrows">Don Burrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Pask" title="Emma Pask">Emma Pask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errol_Buddle" title="Errol Buddle">Errol Buddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ball" title="Eugene Ball">Eugene Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Coughlan" title="Frank Coughlan">Frank Coughlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gambale" title="Frank Gambale">Frank Gambale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Golla" title="George Golla">George Golla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Bell" title="Graeme Bell">Graeme Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Lyall" title="Graeme Lyall">Graeme Lyall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Wood_(musician)" title="Graham Wood (musician)">Graham Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Cooper_(violinist)" title="Ian Cooper (violinist)">Ian Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Brokensha" title="Jack Brokensha">Jack Brokensha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacki_Cooper" title="Jacki Cooper">Jacki Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Morrison_(jazz_musician)" title="James Morrison (jazz musician)">James Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Muller" title="James Muller">James Muller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Oehlers" title="Jamie Oehlers">Jamie Oehlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Seidel" title="Janet Seidel">Janet Seidel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Luebbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Luebbers (page does not exist)">Johannes Luebbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McAll" title="John McAll">John McAll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morrison_(drummer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Morrison (drummer)">John Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Poch%C3%A9e" title="John Pochée">John Pochée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sangster" title="John Sangster">John Sangster</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan_Murray_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordan Murray (musician) (page does not exist)">Jordan Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Rusitovski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Rusitovski (page does not exist)">Joshua Rusitovski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrie_Biddell" title="Kerrie Biddell">Kerrie Biddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristin_Berardi" title="Kristin Berardi">Kristin Berardi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matt_Jodrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matt Jodrell (page does not exist)">Matt Jodrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simmonds_(saxophonist)" title="Mark Simmonds (saxophonist)">Mark Simmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nock" title="Mike Nock">Mike Nock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Bukovsky" title="Miroslav Bukovsky">Miroslav Bukovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Haywood" title="Nick Haywood">Nick Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicki_Parrott" title="Nicki Parrott">Nicki Parrott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niran_Dasika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niran Dasika (page does not exist)">Niran Dasika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Furniss" title="Paul Furniss">Paul Furniss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grabowsky" title="Paul Grabowsky">Paul Grabowsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Williamson_(trumpet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Williamson (trumpet) (page does not exist)">Paul Williamson (trumpet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Boothman" title="Peter Boothman">Peter Boothman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Angus" title="Quentin Angus">Quentin Angus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Burke_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Burke (musician) (page does not exist)">Robert Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Frampton" title="Roger Frampton">Roger Frampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Anning" title="Sam Anning">Sam Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Keevers" title="Sam Keevers">Sam Keevers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Evans" title="Sandy Evans">Sandy Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Maclaine" title="Sarah Maclaine">Sarah Maclaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Tinkler" title="Scott Tinkler">Scott Tinkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Barnett" title="Shannon Barnett">Shannon Barnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Magnusson" title="Stephen Magnusson">Stephen Magnusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nettelbeck" title="Ted Nettelbeck">Ted Nettelbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vincent_(pianist)" title="Tom Vincent (pianist)">Tom Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Emmanuel" title="Tommy Emmanuel">Tommy Emmanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Gould" title="Tony Gould">Tony Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_Roberts_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Troy Roberts (musician) (page does not exist)">Troy Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Jones" title="Vince Jones">Vince Jones</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_ensembles">Notable ensembles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable ensembles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Art_Orchestra" title="Australian Art Orchestra">Australian Art Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Australian_Jazz_Quartet" title="The Australian Jazz Quartet">The Australian Jazz Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennetts_Lane_Big_Band" title="Bennetts Lane Big Band">Bennetts Lane Big Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Catholics" title="The Catholics">The Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cootamundra_Jazz_Band" title="Cootamundra Jazz Band">Cootamundra Jazz Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_(band)" title="Crossfire (band)">Crossfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galapagos_Duck" title="Galapagos Duck">Galapagos Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jive_Bombers" title="The Jive Bombers">The Jive Bombers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Necks" title="The Necks">The Necks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Port_Jackson_Jazz_Band" title="The Port Jackson Jazz Band">The Port Jackson Jazz Band</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Syncopators&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Syncopators (page does not exist)">The Syncopators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing City">Swing City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triosk" title="Triosk">Triosk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vampires_(band)" title="The Vampires (band)">The Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderlust_(jazz_band)" title="Wanderlust (jazz band)">Wanderlust</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monash_Art_Ensemble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monash Art Ensemble (page does not exist)">Monash Art Ensemble</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGould1997" class="citation cs2">Gould, Tony (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58bf64e6c534a5e3ac61401d/t/5b2b53226d2a73a146f5e39e/1529565995745/GouldTonyJazzOxfordCompanionToMusic.pdf">"Jazz"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Oxford Companion to Australian Music</i>, Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Companion+to+Australian+Music&rft.atitle=Jazz&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic1.squarespace.com%2Fstatic%2F58bf64e6c534a5e3ac61401d%2Ft%2F5b2b53226d2a73a146f5e39e%2F1529565995745%2FGouldTonyJazzOxfordCompanionToMusic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoldiston2007" class="citation book cs1">Boldiston, Bill (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waverley.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/18615/2007_Doubly_Gifted_Annual_Bell_Jazz_Lecture.pdf"><i>The Annual Bell Jazz Lecture, 2007 - Sydney Jazz Until 1950</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Announcing%3A+DINGO+%E2%80%93+Australian+Jazz+Journal+%7C+Loud+Mouth+-+The+Music+Trust+Ezine&rft.date=2021-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusictrust.com.au%2Floudmouth%2Fannouncing-dingo-australian-jazz-journal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bisset" title="Andrew Bisset">Bisset, Andrew</a>. <i>Black Roots White Flowers – A History of Jazz in Australia</i>. Golden Press, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85558-680-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-85558-680-X">0-85558-680-X</a></li> <li>Clare, John. <i>Bodgie Dada and the Cult of the Cool</i>. University of NSW Press, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86840-103-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86840-103-X">0-86840-103-X</a>.</li> <li>Johnson, Bruce. <i>The Oxford Companion to Australian Jazz</i>. Oxford University Press, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-554791-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-554791-8">0-19-554791-8</a></li> <li>Kirchner, Bill, ed. <i>The Oxford Companion to Jazz</i>. Oxford University Press, 2000.</li> <li>Whiteoak, John. <i>Playing Ad Lib: Improvisatory Music in Australia: 1836–70</i>. Currency Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86819-543-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86819-543-X">0-86819-543-X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_jazz&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/27px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/40px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/53px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jazz.org.au/">Jazz Australia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajm.org.au/">Australian Jazz Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jazzandbeyond.com.au/"><i>Jazz & Beyond</i> magazine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821143547/http://www.nfsa.afc.gov.au/Screensound/screenso.nsf/Web%2BPages/EEEACF905C92D62DCA256B5F00176058?OpenDocument">The Australian Jazz Archive & National Register of Australian Jazz Interviews (archived)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130830130234/http://www.2013jazzconvention.org.au/">68th Annual Jazz Convention (archived)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/tqqf2h/alma99285663402061">Queensland jazz digital stories and oral histories</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library of Queensland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/380398810">2017 John Oxley Library Fellow: Dr Lauren Istvandity. 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Australia" title="Template:Music of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Music of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia" title="Music of Australia">Music of Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical music in Australia">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_country_music" title="Australian country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_folk_music" title="Australian folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_(music_genre)#Australian_grime" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music genre)">Grime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_immigrant_communities_in_Australia" title="Music of immigrant communities in Australia">Immigrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_hip_hop" title="Australian hip hop">Hip-hop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Reggae in Australia">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Australia" title="Rock music in Australia">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rock#Australia" title="Indigenous rock">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_indie_rock" title="Australian indie rock">Indie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_heavy_metal" title="Australian heavy metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(Australia)" title="Pub rock (Australia)">Pub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Australia" title="Punk rock in Australia">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="Psychedelic rock in Australia and New Zealand">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_thrash_metal" title="Australian thrash metal">Thrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_ska" title="Australian ska">Ska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Guild_of_Screen_Composers" title="Australian Guild of Screen Composers">AGSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Independent_Record_Labels_Association" title="Australian Independent Record Labels Association">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APRA_AMCOS" title="APRA AMCOS">APRA AMCOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Association_of_Australia" title="Country Music Association of Australia">CMAA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIR_Awards" title="AIR Awards">AIR Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APRA_Awards_(Australia)" title="APRA Awards (Australia)">APRA Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Music_Awards" title="ARIA Music Awards">ARIA Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Music_Prize" title="Australian Music Prize">Australian Music Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Women_in_Music_Awards" title="Australian Women in Music Awards">AWMA Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Awards_of_Australia" title="Country Music Awards of Australia">Country Music Awards of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Awards" title="Deadly Awards">Deadly Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Music_Prize" title="Environmental Music Prize">Environmental Music Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_Awards" title="J Awards">J Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Dreamtime_Awards" title="National Dreamtime Awards">National Dreamtime Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Music_Awards" title="National Indigenous Music Awards">National Indigenous Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Live_Music_Awards" title="National Live Music Awards">National Live Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Victoria_Awards" title="Music Victoria Awards">Music Victoria Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland_Music_Awards" title="Queensland Music Awards">Queensland Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Music_Awards" title="South Australian Music Awards">South Australian Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Australian_Music_Industry_Awards" title="West Australian Music Industry Awards">West Australian Music Industry Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIR_Charts" class="mw-redirect" title="AIR Charts">AIR Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Charts" title="ARIA Charts">ARIA Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Music_Report" title="Kent Music Report">Kent Music Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rock_Across_Australia" title="The Rock Across Australia">The Rock Across Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J_Hottest_100" title="Triple J Hottest 100">Triple J Hottest 100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_festivals_in_Australia" title="List of music festivals in Australia">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Pineapple_Music_Festival" title="Big Pineapple Music Festival">Big Pineapple Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Festival" title="Falls Festival">Falls Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Things_(music_festival)" title="Good Things (music festival)">Good Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groovin%27_the_Moo" title="Groovin' the Moo">Groovin' the Moo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildura_Country_Music_Festival" title="Mildura Country Music Festival">Mildura Country Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Folk_Festival_(Australia)" title="National Folk Festival (Australia)">National Folk Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splendour_in_the_Grass" title="Splendour in the Grass">Splendour in the Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Jerome%27s_Laneway_Festival" title="St Jerome's Laneway Festival">St Jerome's Laneway Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamworth_Country_Music_Festival" title="Tamworth Country Music Festival">Tamworth Country Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOMADelaide" title="WOMADelaide">WOMADelaide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Day_Out" title="Big Day Out">Big Day Out</a> (1992–1997; 1999–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Bay_Bluesfest" title="Byron Bay Bluesfest">Byron Bay Bluesfest</a> (1990-2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defqon.1_Festival" title="Defqon.1 Festival">Defqon.1 Festival</a> (2009–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Music_Festival" title="Future Music Festival">Future Music Festival</a> (2006–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homebake" title="Homebake">Homebake</a> (1996; 1998–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raggamuffin_Music_Festival" title="Raggamuffin Music Festival">Raggamuffin Music Festival</a> (2008–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereosonic" title="Stereosonic">Stereosonic</a> (2008–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soundwave_(Australian_music_festival)" title="Soundwave (Australian music festival)">Soundwave</a> (2004–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summadayze" title="Summadayze">Summadayze</a> (2003–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbury_Pop_Festival" title="Sunbury Pop Festival">Sunbury Pop Festival</a> (1972–1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3RRR" title="3RRR">3RRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4ZZZ" title="4ZZZ">4ZZZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_V_Australia" title="Channel V Australia">Channel V Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Channel" title="Country Music Channel">CMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_radio#Australia" title="Community radio">Community radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countdown_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Countdown (Australian TV program)"><i>Countdown</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go-Set" title="Go-Set">Go-Set</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Max (Australian TV channel)">Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV (Australia and New Zealand)">MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Classic_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Classic (Australia and New Zealand)">MTV Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_(TV_program)" title="Rage (TV program)"><i>Rage</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Arena" title="Rock Arena">Rock Arena</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_Australia" title="Rolling Stone Australia">Rolling Stone Australia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J" title="Triple J">Triple J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J_TV" title="Triple J TV">Triple J TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Hits_(Australian_TV_series)" title="Video Hits (Australian TV series)"><i>Video Hits</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National anthem</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Advance_Australia_Fair" title="Advance Australia Fair">Advance Australia Fair</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Adelaide" title="Music of Adelaide">Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brisbane" title="Music of Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canberra" title="Music of Canberra">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Melbourne" title="Music of Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Northern_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of the Northern Territory (page does not exist)">Northern Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Perth" title="Music of Perth">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sydney" title="Music of Sydney">Sydney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_trends_in_Australian_music" title="Timeline of trends in Australian music">Timeline</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/15px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/20px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jazz" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: Pink"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jazz" title="Template:Jazz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jazz" title="Template talk:Jazz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jazz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jazz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jazz" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_jazz" title="Outline of jazz">Outline of jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_(word)" title="Jazz (word)">Jazz (word)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_band" title="Jazz band">Jazz band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">Big band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">Improvisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_improvisation" title="Jazz improvisation">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_session" title="Jam session">Jam session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scat_singing" title="Scat singing">Scat singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_(jazz_performance_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing (jazz performance style)">Swing performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_bass" title="Jazz bass">Jazz bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_drumming" title="Jazz drumming">Jazz drumming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_guitar" title="Jazz guitar">Jazz guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_horn_in_jazz" title="French horn in jazz">French horn in jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_piano" title="Jazz piano">Jazz piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_trombone" title="Jazz trombone">Jazz trombone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_violin" title="Jazz violin">Jazz violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_jazz" title="Vocal jazz">Vocal jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_jazz" title="Women in jazz">Women in jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_genres" title="List of jazz genres">Genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">Avant-garde jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">Bebop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_bop" title="Hard bop">Hard bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-bop" title="Neo-bop">Neo-bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-bop" title="Post-bop">Post-bop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_jazz" title="Chamber jazz">Chamber jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">Cool jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_jazz" title="Folk jazz">Folk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">Punk jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_jazz" title="Gypsy jazz">Gypsy jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz-funk" title="Jazz-funk">Jazz-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_rap" title="Jazz rap">Jazz rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Base" title="M-Base">M-Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_jazz" title="Mainstream jazz">Mainstream jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_jazz" title="Modal jazz">Modal jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_jazz" title="Nu jazz">Nu jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_jazz" title="Orchestral jazz">Orchestral jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_trio" title="Organ trio">Organ trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive jazz">Progressive jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska_jazz" title="Ska jazz">Ska jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">Smooth jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_jazz" title="Soul jazz">Soul jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_jazz" title="Spiritual jazz">Spiritual jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_jazz" title="Sacred jazz">Sacred jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stride_(music)" title="Stride (music)">Stride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">Swing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swing_revival" title="Swing revival">Swing revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream">Third stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trad_jazz" title="Trad jazz">Trad jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_musicians" title="List of jazz musicians">Musicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_bassists" title="List of jazz bassists">Bassists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_musicians#Clarinet" title="List of jazz musicians">Clarinetists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_drummers" title="List of jazz drummers">Drummers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_guitarists" title="List of jazz guitarists">Guitarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_organists" title="List of jazz organists">Organists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_percussionists" title="List of jazz percussionists">Percussionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_pianists" title="List of jazz pianists">Pianists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_saxophonists" title="List of jazz saxophonists">Saxophonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trombonists" title="List of jazz trombonists">Trombonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trumpeters" title="List of jazz trumpeters">Trumpeters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vibraphonists" title="List of vibraphonists">Vibraphonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_violinists" title="List of jazz violinists">Violinists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_vocalists" title="List of jazz vocalists">Vocalists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Musicians by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bebop_musicians" title="List of bebop musicians">Bebop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chamber_jazz_musicians" title="List of chamber jazz musicians">Chamber jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cool_jazz_and_West_Coast_jazz_musicians" title="List of cool jazz and West Coast jazz musicians">Cool jazz and West Coast jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hard_bop_musicians" title="List of hard bop musicians">Hard bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_fusion_musicians" title="List of jazz fusion musicians">Jazz fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scat_singers" title="List of scat singers">Scat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smooth_jazz_musicians" title="List of smooth jazz musicians">Smooth jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soul_jazz_musicians" title="List of soul jazz musicians">Soul jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_swing_musicians" title="List of swing musicians">Swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">Standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-1920_jazz_standards" title="List of pre-1920 jazz standards">Pre-1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1920s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1920s jazz standards">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1930s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1930s jazz standards">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1940s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1940s jazz standards">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-1950_jazz_standards" title="List of post-1950 jazz standards">post-1950</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Discographies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Records" title="Bethlehem Records">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records_discography" title="Blue Note Records discography">Blue Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYG_Records" title="BYG Records">BYG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobblestone_Records" title="Cobblestone Records">Cobblestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Records" title="Contemporary Records">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTI_Records" title="CTI Records">CTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECM_Records" title="ECM Records">ECM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESP-Disk" title="ESP-Disk">ESP-Disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Dutchman_Records" title="Flying Dutchman Records">Flying Dutchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Records" title="Freedom Records">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Merchant" title="Groove Merchant">Groove Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records_discography" title="Impulse! Records discography">Impulse!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Navigation" title="India Navigation">India Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMT_Records" title="JMT Records">JMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_Records" title="Landmark Records">Landmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Records" title="Mainstream Records">Mainstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milestone_Records_discography" title="Milestone Records discography">Milestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPS_Records" title="MPS Records">MPS Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPS_Records_discography" title="MPS Records discography">MPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muse_Records" title="Muse Records">Muse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records_discography" title="Prestige Records discography">Prestige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Records_discography" title="Riverside Records discography">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strata-East_Records" title="Strata-East Records">Strata-East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verve_Records_discography" title="Verve Records discography">Verve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_%26_Winter_Records" title="Winter & Winter Records">Winter & Winter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_festivals" title="List of jazz festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaches_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Beaches International Jazz Festival">Beaches (Toronto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Cape Town International Jazz Festival">Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Jazz_Festival" title="Chicago Jazz Festival">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Jazz_Festival" title="Copenhagen Jazz Festival">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_International_Java_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_Jazz_Festival" title="Monterey Jazz Festival">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreux_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreux Jazz Festival">Montreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Jazz_%26_Heritage_Festival" title="New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Jazz_Festival" title="North Sea Jazz Festival">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pori_Jazz" title="Pori Jazz">Pori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lucia Jazz Festival">Saint Lucia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_contrafacts" title="List of jazz contrafacts">Contrafacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_institutions_and_organizations" title="List of jazz institutions and organizations">Institutions and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_funeral" title="Jazz funeral">Jazz funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_poetry" title="Jazz poetry">Jazz poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_royalty" title="Jazz royalty">Jazz royalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_harmony" title="Jazz harmony">Jazz theory</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Jazz_theory" title="Template:Jazz theory">See Template: Jazz theory</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_line_(parades)" title="Second line (parades)">Second line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_venues" title="List of jazz venues">Venues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethio-jazz" title="Ethio-jazz">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malawi#Malawian_jazz" title="Music of Malawi">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_jazz" title="South African jazz">South African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_jazz" title="Zimbabwean jazz">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_jazz" title="Armenian jazz">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_jazz" title="Azerbaijani jazz">Azerbaijani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_mugham" title="Jazz mugham">Jazz mugham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_India" title="Jazz in India">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo_jazz" title="Indo jazz">Indo jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitar_in_jazz" title="Sitar in jazz">Sitar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_jazz" title="Iranian jazz">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_jazz" title="Japanese jazz">Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_jazz" title="Balkan jazz">Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_jazz" title="Bulgarian jazz">Bulgarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_jazz" title="Belgian jazz">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_jazz" title="British jazz">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_jazz" title="Continental jazz">Continental European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_Czechoslovakia" title="Jazz in Czechoslovakia">Czech and Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_jazz" title="Danish jazz">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_jazz" title="Dutch jazz">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_free_jazz" title="European free jazz">European free jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_jazz" title="French jazz">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_jazz" title="German jazz">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_jazz" title="Italian jazz">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_jazz" title="Polish jazz">Polish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yass_(music)" title="Yass (music)">Yass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_jazz" title="Swedish jazz">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">North American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_jazz" title="Canadian jazz">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-jazz" title="Mini-jazz">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Cuban</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="American" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Baltimore#Jazz" title="Music of Baltimore">Baltimore jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chicago#Jazz" title="Music of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_jazz" title="Kansas City jazz">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Orleans#Jazz" title="Music of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City#Blues_and_jazz" title="Music of New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Washington,_D.C.#Jazz" title="Music of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_jazz" title="West Coast jazz">West Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Oceanian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">South American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jazz" title="Brazilian jazz">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin American</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Worldwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethno_jazz" title="Ethno jazz">Ethno jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_jazz" title="Bibliography of jazz">Bibliography of jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_jazz" title="Continental jazz">Continental jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-ahead_jazz" title="Straight-ahead jazz">Straight-ahead jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-1920_jazz_standards" title="List of pre-1920 jazz standards">Pre-1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920s_in_jazz" title="1920s in jazz">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930s_in_jazz" title="1930s in jazz">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940s_in_jazz" title="1940s in jazz">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s_in_jazz" title="1950s in jazz">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s_in_jazz" title="1960s in jazz">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_jazz" title="1970s in jazz">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_jazz" title="1980s in jazz">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_jazz" title="1990s in jazz">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_jazz" title="2000s in jazz">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_jazz" title="2010s in jazz">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_jazz" title="2020 in jazz">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_jazz" title="2021 in jazz">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_jazz" title="2022 in jazz">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat">Afrobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">Jump blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_blues" title="New Orleans blues">New Orleans blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_band" title="Brass band">Brass band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotica" title="Exotica">Exotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugg_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plugg (music)">Plugg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">Quiet storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novelty_piano" title="Novelty piano">Novelty ragtime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_West_Africa" title="Music of West Africa">West African music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_covers_of_Blue_Note_Records" title="Album covers of Blue Note Records">Album covers of Blue Note Records</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bird_(1988_film)" title="Bird (1988 film)">Bird</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_(miniseries)" title="Jazz (miniseries)"><i>Jazz</i> (miniseries)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Round_Midnight_(film)" title="Round Midnight (film)">Round Midnight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk:_Straight,_No_Chaser" title="Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser">Straight, No Chaser</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: Pink"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/15px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/23px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/30px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" 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