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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%8B%BC" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%8B%BC" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-特徵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特徵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>特徵</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-特徵-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关特徵子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-特徵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-解剖學特徵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#解剖學特徵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>解剖學特徵</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-解剖學特徵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-體型" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#體型"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>體型</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-體型-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-皮毛" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#皮毛"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>皮毛</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-皮毛-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-感官" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#感官"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>感官</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-感官-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-亞種分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亞種分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>亞種分類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亞種分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-習性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#習性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>習性</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-習性-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关習性子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-習性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-社會結構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社會結構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>社會結構</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-社會結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-領域行為" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#領域行為"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>領域行為</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-領域行為-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-繁殖行為" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#繁殖行為"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>繁殖行為</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-繁殖行為-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-穴居行為" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#穴居行為"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>穴居行為</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-穴居行為-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-獵捕行為" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#獵捕行為"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>獵捕行為</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-獵捕行為-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-溝通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#溝通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>溝通</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-溝通-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关溝通子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-溝通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-肢體語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#肢體語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>肢體語言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-肢體語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-狼嚎" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#狼嚎"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>狼嚎</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-狼嚎-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其它聲音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其它聲音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>其它聲音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其它聲音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生態" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生態"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>生態</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生態-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生態子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生態-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-獵物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#獵物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>獵物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-獵物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生存競爭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生存競爭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>生存競爭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生存競爭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-混血" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#混血"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>混血</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-混血-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关混血子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-混血-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-狼與犬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#狼與犬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>狼與犬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-狼與犬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-郊狼與灰狼" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#郊狼與灰狼"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>郊狼與灰狼</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-郊狼與灰狼-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分佈範圍與族群數量" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分佈範圍與族群數量"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>分佈範圍與族群數量</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-分佈範圍與族群數量-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关分佈範圍與族群數量子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-分佈範圍與族群數量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-亞洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亞洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>亞洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亞洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歐洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歐洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>歐洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歐洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>美洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>非洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-與人類關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#與人類關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>與人類關係</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-與人類關係-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关與人類關係子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-與人類關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-捕獵牲畜與狗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#捕獵牲畜與狗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>捕獵牲畜與狗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-捕獵牲畜與狗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-獵狼" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#獵狼"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>獵狼</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-獵狼-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-狼皮應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#狼皮應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>狼皮應用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-狼皮應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-馴化與豢養" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#馴化與豢養"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>馴化與豢養</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-馴化與豢養-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化中的角色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化中的角色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>文化中的角色</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化中的角色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">狼</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。190种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-190" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">190种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Абгаду – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Абгаду" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8A" title="Тыгъужъ – 阿迪格语" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыгъужъ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="阿迪格语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wolf" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wolf" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A7%D1%80%D3%B1" title="Бӧрӱ – 南阿尔泰语" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Бӧрӱ" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="南阿尔泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%B5%E1%88%8B" title="ተኵላ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ተኵላ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulf" title="Wulf – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wulf" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A6%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="ذئب رمادي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذئب رمادي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="ديب – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ديب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A6%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89" title="ذئب رمادى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ذئب رمادى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahikan" title="Mahikan – 阿提卡米克语" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Mahikan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="阿提卡米克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="БацӀ – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="БацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idatcol_(Canis_lupus)" title="Idatcol (Canis lupus) – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Idatcol (Canis lupus)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_canavar" title="Adi canavar – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adi canavar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="قورد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قورد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бүре – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бүре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woif" title="Woif – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Woif" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%97lks" title="Vėlks – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vėlks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobo" title="Lobo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lobo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA" title="Воўк – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Воўк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA" title="Воўк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Воўк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Вълк – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вълк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87" title="নেকড়ে – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নেকড়ে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B2" title="སྤྱང་ཀི – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྤྱང་ཀི" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleiz_gris" title="Bleiz gris – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bleiz gris" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuk" title="Vuk – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vuk" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Шоно – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шоно" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llop" title="Llop – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llop" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2ng" title="Lòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B7" title="Борз – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Борз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%AF" title="ᏩᏯ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏩᏯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3%27nehe" title="Hó'nehe – 夏延语" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Hó'nehe" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="夏延语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="گورگ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گورگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupu" title="Lupu – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lupu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%92%AA%E1%90%A6%E1%90%83%E1%90%A6%E1%91%B2%E1%93%90" title="ᒪᐦᐃᐦᑲᓐ – 克里语" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="ᒪᐦᐃᐦᑲᓐ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="克里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlk_obecn%C3%BD" title="Vlk obecný – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vlk obecný" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szari_wilk" title="Szari wilk – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Szari wilk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Влькъ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Влькъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%80" title="Кашкăр – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кашкăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaidd" title="Blaidd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Blaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulv" title="Ulv – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ulv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wolf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verg" title="Verg – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Verg" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BB%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Γκρίζος λύκος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκρίζος λύκος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauv" title="Lauv – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lauv" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wolf" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupo" title="Lupo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lupo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunt" title="Hunt – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hunt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otso" title="Otso – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Otso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="گرگ – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susi" title="Susi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Susi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susi" title="Susi – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Susi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Alvur" title="Úlvur – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Úlvur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hla" title="Hla – 丰语" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Hla" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="丰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lop" title="Lop – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lop" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wolf" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_t%C3%ADre" title="Mac tíre – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mac tíre" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madadh-allaidh" title="Madadh-allaidh – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Madadh-allaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobo" title="Lobo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lobo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ورگ – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ورگ" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguaru" title="Jaguaru – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jaguaru" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2ng" title="Lòng – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99" title="זאב מצוי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זאב מצוי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="भेड़िया – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भेड़िया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivi_vuk" title="Sivi vuk – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sivi vuk" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjelk" title="Wjelk – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wjelk" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_(non)" title="Lou (non) – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lou (non)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%BCrke_farkas" title="Szürke farkas – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szürke farkas" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B7_%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AC" title="Գորշ գայլ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գորշ գայլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupo_gris" title="Lupo gris – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lupo gris" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serigala" title="Serigala – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serigala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ama%C4%A1uq" title="Amaġuq – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Amaġuq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfo" title="Volfo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Volfo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Alfur" title="Úlfur – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Úlfur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%92%AA%E1%95%88%E1%92%83" title="ᐊᒪᕈᒃ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᒪᕈᒃ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9F" title="オオカミ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オオカミ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srenggala" title="Srenggala – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Srenggala" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მგელი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მგელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3si" title="Aɣsi – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aɣsi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8C" title="Дыгъужь – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Дыгъужь" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpent%C9%94%C9%94ya%C9%A3" title="Kpentɔɔyaɣ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpentɔɔyaɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Қасқыр – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қасқыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaroq" title="Amaroq – 格陵兰语" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Amaroq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="格陵兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3" title="ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣದ ತೋಳ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣದ ತೋಳ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9A%8C%EC%83%89%EB%8A%91%EB%8C%80" title="회색늑대 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="회색늑대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кӧин – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Кӧин" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81%D9%95_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%97%D9%86" title="رامہٕ ہوٗن – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رامہٕ ہوٗن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gur" title="Gur – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gur" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кӧин – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кӧин" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleydh" title="Bleydh – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bleydh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF" title="Бөрү – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бөрү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupus" title="Lupus – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lupus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovo" title="Lovo – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lovo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wollef" title="Wollef – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wollef" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D3%8F" title="Барцӏ – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Барцӏ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%80" title="Жанавур – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Жанавур" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupo" title="Lupo – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lupo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wouf" title="Wouf – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wouf" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu" title="Lu – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lu" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2" title="ໝາປ່າ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໝາປ່າ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilkasis_vilkas" title="Pilkasis vilkas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pilkasis vilkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C4%81kais_vylks" title="Palākais vylks – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Palākais vylks" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C4%93kais_vilks" title="Pelēkais vilks – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pelēkais vilks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Вьрьгаз – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Вьрьгаз" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopa" title="Lopa – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lopa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Пире – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пире" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Волк – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Волк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D" title="ചെന്നായ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെന്നായ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Саарал чоно – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Саарал чоно" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%81%A0%E1%80%B5%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%81%A0%E1%80%AD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ကၠဵုကၠိင် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ကၠဵုကၠိင်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="लांडगा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लांडगा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D3%B9" title="Пирӹ – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Пирӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serigala_kelabu" title="Serigala kelabu – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Serigala kelabu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1" title="ဝံပုလွေ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝံပုလွေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Верьгиз – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Верьгиз" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ورگ – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ورگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulv" title="Wulv – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Wulv" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="ब्वाँसो – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ब्वाँसो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wolf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulv" title="Ulv – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ulv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulv" title="Ulv – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ulv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loup" title="Loup – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Loup" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%85%CA%BCiitsoh" title="Mąʼiitsoh – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Mąʼiitsoh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukku" title="Hukku – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hukku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%8A" title="Бирæгъ – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бирæгъ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A9%9C" title="ਬਘਿਆੜ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਘਿਆੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leu" title="Leu – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Leu" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilk_szary" title="Wilk szary – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wilk szary" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luv" title="Luv – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Luv" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%91" title="بھگیاڑ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھگیاڑ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Λύκον – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λύκον" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%90%D9%88%D9%87" title="لېوه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لېوه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobo-cinzento" title="Lobo-cinzento – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lobo-cinzento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atawka" title="Atawka – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Atawka" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luf" title="Luf – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Luf" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lup_cenu%C8%99iu" title="Lup cenușiu – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lup cenușiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupu" title="Lupu – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lupu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Волк – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA" title="Вовк – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вовк" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9" title="Бөрө – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бөрө" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupu" title="Lupu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lupu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wouf" title="Wouf – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wouf" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%AF%DA%BE%DA%99" title="بگھڙ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بگھڙ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumpe" title="Gumpe – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Gumpe" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuk" title="Vuk – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vuk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wolf" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlk_drav%C3%BD" title="Vlk dravý – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlk dravý" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volk" title="Volk – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Volk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumppi" title="Kumppi – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kumppi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhumi" title="Bhumi – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhumi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeey" title="Yeey – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Yeey" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujku" title="Ujku – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ujku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Вук – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вук" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulf" title="Wulf – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Wulf" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg" title="Varg – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Varg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilk" title="Wilk – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wilk" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="ஓநாய் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓநாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Гург – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гург" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="หมาป่า – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมาป่า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobong_kulay-abo" title="Lobong kulay-abo – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lobong kulay-abo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt" title="Kurt – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kurt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бүре – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бүре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF" title="Бөрү – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Бөрү" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кион – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кион" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA" title="Вовк – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вовк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%DB%8C%DA%91%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بھیڑیا – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھیڑیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%CA%BBri" title="Boʻri – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Boʻri" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4ndikaz" title="Händikaz – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Händikaz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3i_x%C3%A1m" title="Sói xám – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sói xám" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leu" title="Leu – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Leu" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" title="Canis lupus – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Canis lupus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy_gi" title="Boy gi – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Boy gi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%BC" title="狼 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="狼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="გერი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A3" title="וואלף – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואלף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manaez" title="Manaez – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Manaez" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4ng" title="Lông – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%BC" title="狼 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="狼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18498#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>关于与「<b>狼</b>」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%BC_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="狼 (消歧義)">狼 (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>灰狼</b>」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E7%8B%BC_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="灰狼 (消歧义)">灰狼 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>野狼</b>」重定向至此。關於台灣的摩托車品牌，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%8B%BC125" title="野狼125">野狼125</a></b>」。</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">狼<span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em; margin-top:0.05em;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%A1%86" title="Help:如何閱讀生物資訊框"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/18px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/27px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/36px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">化石时期：<span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">0.81–0 <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E4%B8%87%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="百万年">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.07692307692px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:; background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%BA%AA" title="前寒武纪">PreЄ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,170,114); left:36.892307692308px; width:18.818461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%BA%AA" title="寒武纪">Є</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,169,138); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%99%B6%E7%BA%AA" title="奥陶纪">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(166,223,197); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%97%E7%95%99%E7%B4%80" title="志留紀">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(221,150,81); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%9B%86%E7%BA%AA" title="泥盆纪">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(63,174,173); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%82%AD%E7%BA%AA" title="石炭纪">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,88,60); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%A0%E7%BA%AA" title="二叠纪">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(153,78,150); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.126830769231px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%A0%E7%BA%AA" title="三叠纪">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,187,231); left:151.86769230769px; width:19.055384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%AA" title="侏罗纪">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(111,200,107); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%9E%A9%E7%BA%AA" title="白垩纪">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,161,99); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%BF%91%E7%BA%AA" title="古近纪">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,221,45); left:212.20523076923px; width:7.7947692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%BF%91%E7%BA%AA" title="新近纪">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:219.72584615385px;"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em;">▼</div></div> </div> </div></span><small>中<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="更新世">更新世</a>至今</small></div><small> </small></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:European_grey_wolf_in_Prague_zoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/European_grey_wolf_in_Prague_zoo.jpg/220px-European_grey_wolf_in_Prague_zoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/European_grey_wolf_in_Prague_zoo.jpg/330px-European_grey_wolf_in_Prague_zoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/European_grey_wolf_in_Prague_zoo.jpg/440px-European_grey_wolf_in_Prague_zoo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="1552" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">位于布拉格动物园的欧亚灰狼 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5" title="保护状况">保护状况</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="无危物种">无危物种</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄">IUCN 3.1</a> <sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）</small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E9%99%84%E5%BD%95II" title="濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约附录II">CITES 附录Ⅱ</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%95%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約">CITES</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="生物分类学">科学分类</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding:0.1em 0.4em 0 0; margin-left:-3em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Canis" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/16px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/24px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/32px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">界：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="动物界">动物界</a> Animalia</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">门：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="脊索动物门">脊索动物门</a> Chordata</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">纲：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E7%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="哺乳纲">哺乳纲</a> Mammalia</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">目：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%82%89%E7%9B%AE" title="食肉目">食肉目</a> Carnivora</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">科：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E7%A7%91" title="犬科">犬科</a> Canidae</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">属：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E5%B1%9E" title="犬属">犬属</a> <i>Canis</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap">种： </td> <td><div class="nowrap" style="display:inline;"><b>狼 <i>C. lupus</i></b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="二名法">二名法</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Canis lupus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" title="卡尔·林奈">Linnaeus</a>, 1758<sup id="cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linnaeus1758-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Canis_lupus_distribution_(IUCN).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Canis_lupus_distribution_%28IUCN%29.png/220px-Canis_lupus_distribution_%28IUCN%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Canis_lupus_distribution_%28IUCN%29.png/330px-Canis_lupus_distribution_%28IUCN%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Canis_lupus_distribution_%28IUCN%29.png/440px-Canis_lupus_distribution_%28IUCN%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3740" data-file-height="1142" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">根據IUCN在2018年的估計，狼在全球的分布範圍。<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732977">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>狼</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="學名">學名</a>：<i><span lang="la">Canis lupus</span></i>）又稱<b>豺狼</b>、<b>灰狼</b>、<b>灰豺狗</b>等<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E7%B6%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="哺乳綱">哺乳綱</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E7%A7%91" title="犬科">犬科</a>，與<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%97" class="mw-redirect" title="狗">狗</a>為同一物種，為現生犬科動物中體型最大的物種。狼曾是地球上分佈地區最廣的哺乳動物，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="北美大陆">北美</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="歐亞大陸">歐亞大陸</a>，但如今在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="西歐">西歐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>大部份地區已然絕跡。它們主要棲息在荒野或偏遠地區，但並不限於此。由于狼对人类及其圈养牲畜的威胁，栖息地曾遭到大量的破坏，现其棲息地已經縮減了三分之一。 </p><p>目前，狼主要分佈於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲">亞洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="北美">北美</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="中東">中東</a>（主要是北半球的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="溫帶">溫帶</a>區域）。它們是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="生態系統">生態系統</a>原有的一部分，各地不同<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="生態系統">生態系統</a>的多樣性，反映了狼這個物種的適應能力。這其中包括而不限於<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="森林">森林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" title="沙漠">沙漠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="山地">山地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%92%E5%B8%B6%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="寒帶草原（页面不存在）">寒帶草原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%9D%E8%91%89%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西伯利亞針葉林（页面不存在）">西伯利亞針葉林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0" title="草地">草地</a>。 </p><p>雖然就整個物種而言，狼被<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="世界自然保護聯盟">世界自然保護聯盟</a>列為絕種威脅程度最小的等級，然而在某些地區，不同亞種的狼被列為<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E8%87%A8%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="瀕臨絕種">瀕臨絕種</a>或是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE%E5%A8%81%E8%84%85" class="mw-redirect" title="受絕種威脅">受絕種威脅</a>的動物。現今在很多地區，狼仍然因為活動或是被視為對牲口威脅的原因，而遭受捕獵。 </p><p>狼是社會性的獵食動物，狼群以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E5%B1%85%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="群居动物">群居</a>的形式組成，包括一對配偶、及其子女，有時也包括收養的未成年幼狼。狼屬於典型的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%8F%88" title="食物鏈">食物鏈</a>上層<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A0%E9%A3%9F%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="掠食者">掠食者</a>。在牠們的棲息地中，只有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" title="人類">人類</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E" title="虎">老虎</a>對它們構成實質威脅。它們通常群體行動，由於狼會捕食<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A" title="羊">羊</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%95%9C" title="家畜">家畜</a>，因此直到20世紀末期前都被人類大量捕殺，一些亞種如<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%8B%BC" title="日本狼">日本狼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E7%8B%BC" title="紐芬蘭狼">紐芬蘭狼</a>等都已經絕種，雖然有一些其它亞種已經確認，但亞種的確切數量仍舊未定。 </p><p>为<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E9%99%84%E5%BD%95II" title="濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约附录II">濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约附录II</a>所列的保护动物（除被列入附录Ⅰ的不丹、印度、尼泊尔和巴基斯坦种群以及其家养型，即<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%97" class="mw-redirect" title="狗">狗</a><i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%8B%97" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲野狗">澳洲野狗</a><i>Canis lupus dingo</i>）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="特徵"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E5.BE.B5"></span>特徵</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：特徵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="解剖學特徵"><span id=".E8.A7.A3.E5.89.96.E5.AD.B8.E7.89.B9.E5.BE.B5"></span>解剖學特徵</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：解剖學特徵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexicanwolfskull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mexicanwolfskull.jpg/220px-Mexicanwolfskull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mexicanwolfskull.jpg/330px-Mexicanwolfskull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Mexicanwolfskull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%8B%BC" title="墨西哥狼">墨西哥狼</a>頭骨，注意其牙齒比例大於狗</figcaption></figure> <p>灰狼是體型瘦長，有力的動物。有大而深的<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8B%E9%AA%A8" title="肋骨">肋骨</a>架、傾斜的背、腹部內縮、頸部肌肉有力。四肢長而強健，和有點小的腳掌。每隻前掌各有五趾，後掌有四趾。前肢看起來像是壓入胸腔，肘部向內，而腳掌向外。雌狼的前額與嘴比較窄，頸部較薄、腿較短、肩部不如雄狼厚實。就這樣的體型而言，狼非常強壯，可以將冰凍的麋鹿翻轉。 </p><p>狼的腳掌可以輕易適應各種類型的地面，特別是雪地。它們的足趾之間有一點<a href="/wiki/%E8%B9%BC" title="蹼">蹼</a>，使它們在雪地上行動能比獵物更為方便。狼是趾行性動物，體重能很好地分佈在積雪上。它們的前腳掌比後腳掌略大，掌上有五個<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="趾">趾</a>，後腳掌沒有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E8%B6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上趾（页面不存在）">上趾</a>。掌上的毛和略鈍的<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA" title="爪">爪</a>幫助它們抓住濕滑的地面。特殊的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1" title="血管">血管</a>保護狼的腳掌不會在雪地中凍傷，在趾間的<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="腺體">腺體</a>分泌會在腳印上留下氣味，幫助狼記錄自己的行蹤，同時也提供線索讓其它的狼知道自己的所在。與犬不同，狼在腳掌的<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E5%A2%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="肉墊">肉墊</a>上沒有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%97%E8%85%BA" title="汗腺">汗腺</a>。 </p><p>雖然不必要，但它們可以用56-64公里的時速，持續跑20分鐘。在寒冷的天氣中狼可以減少血流接近皮膚，以保存體溫。腳掌墊保暖的調節獨立於與身體其餘部份，當掌墊接觸冰雪時，可以維持在略高於組織凍傷的溫度。成年狼的腸道長460-575公分，對身長的比例為4.13-4.62，胃能容納7-9公斤的食物和多達7.5公升的水。肝相當大，雄狼的肝重0.7-1.9公斤，雌狼為0.68-0.82公斤。 </p><p>狼頭相當大而重，前額很寬，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%BB%E7%AA%81" title="吻突">吻突</a>長呈鈍狀，下顎強而有力。耳朵相對小呈三角形。狼的頭通常於與背脊同高，只有示警時才會將頭抬高。牙齒重而大，雖然不如<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%91%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97" title="斑鬣狗">非洲鬣狗</a>般奇特，但比現存犬科其它物種的牙，更適合咬碎骨頭。狼的咬合<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="壓力">壓力</a>高達1500<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%85%E5%8A%9B%E6%AF%8F%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%8B%B1%E5%AF%B8" title="磅力每平方英寸">psi</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%89%A7%E7%BE%8A%E7%8A%AC" title="德國牧羊犬">德國牧羊犬</a>僅有 750psi。這種力道足以咬碎多數的骨頭。 </p><p>它們的體形類似<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%89%A7%E7%BE%8A%E7%8A%AC" title="德國牧羊犬">德國牧羊犬</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%A3%AB%E5%A5%87" title="哈士奇">哈士奇</a>，但從orbital angle 40°–45° 而非 53°–60° 可以分辨。同時狼的頭與牙齒都比較大。與<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E7%8B%BC" title="郊狼">郊狼</a>相比，狼比較大，嘴也比較寬。耳朵較短，和比例上較小的腦、腳掌墊上缺乏汗腺。與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%83%A1%E7%8B%BC" title="亞洲胡狼">亞洲胡狼</a>相比，狼體型較大也較重，腿比例也較長，軀幹比較短、尾巴較長。整體來說牙齒較不如胡狼鋒利，特別是上臼齒，尖端較短，較寬，接近圓柱狀。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="體型"><span id=".E9.AB.94.E5.9E.8B"></span>體型</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：體型"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>除了某些大型犬之外，狼是現行犬科動物中體型最大的物種，其體重和大小依據它在全球分佈地區的不同，有很大差異。如Bergmann Rule (博格曼法則)所預測的，隨著分布的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AF%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="緯度">緯度</a>愈高，狼的體型體重也愈大。通常而言，狼體長約105-160公分，肩高約80-85公分，尾的長度約為頭與身體的2/3，約29-50公分；年幼的狼崽體長約為80 -100公分，肩高約40-55公分。狼體重隨地域分佈有區別，平均來說，北美狼為75公斤（只有大个体才能达到此重量，北美狼不同地区体重差异很大，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="卑詩">卑詩</a>及西北地区雄狼平均体重可达44、45公斤，而<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魁北克">魁北克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%95%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="安大略">安大略</a>某些地区的雄狼平均体重仅约27、28公斤），歐亚狼為50公斤（只有极少数大个体才能达到此重量），印度、阿拉伯狼為25公斤，北非狼僅有13公斤。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在狼群中，母狼比公狼約輕2.2-4.5公斤，體重超過54公斤的狼很罕見，雖然特別大的狼隻個體在<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="前蘇聯">前蘇聯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉斯加">阿拉斯加</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>都發現過，北美洲的最高紀錄是1939年7月12日在阿拉斯加獵捕到的狼，體重達90公斤。而歐亞大陸有案可查的最重的野生狼，是二次世界大戰後在<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="波尔塔瓦州">波爾塔瓦州</a>所獵殺的，體重高達86公斤。最小的狼是<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%8B%BC" title="阿拉伯狼">阿拉伯狼</a>，母狼成熟期也只有10公斤重。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="皮毛"><span id=".E7.9A.AE.E6.AF.9B"></span>皮毛</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：皮毛"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>狼厚重的毛有兩層，外層長、粗而硬，主要用於抵禦水與灰塵。內層則緻密與防水。內層毛在每年的春末夏初時會脫落，狼會摩擦岩石或樹木來促進這層毛的脫落，內層毛在秋天又長回來。不論第一層毛是什麼顏色，第二層通常是灰色的。母狼冬季的毛都在春天的時候比公狼換得晩，北美洲的狼毛通常比歐洲的要柔軟而長。 </p><p>狼的冬毛有極佳的禦寒效果，狼在北方的氣候中，可以在−40°氣溫下，於空曠的地方休息，它們會將頭放在後腿間，並用尾部蓋住臉。狼毛隔熱的效果比狗毛好，如同<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%82%E7%86%8A" title="貂熊">狼獾</a>它的皮毛不會因為呼吸溫暖的空氣而集結冰。溫暖區域的狼，其狼毛比北方狼粗而少。 </p><p>一般來說，雌狼肢體上的毛比較平順，並隨年紀增加更為明顯。年紀較大的狼在尾部末端、鼻子和前額會有較多灰毛。背部中央的毛長約60-70公釐，肩部外層的毛通常不超過90公釐，但可長達110-130公釐。 </p><p>狼毛的顏色有很大的變化，從<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E8%89%B2" title="灰色">灰色</a>到灰褐色，白褐色和黑色。這些顏色通常混雜在一起，當然單一顏色的狼或狼群也並非稀有，通常是白色或黑色。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="感官"><span id=".E6.84.9F.E5.AE.98"></span>感官</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：感官"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>狼的嗅覺不如某些獵犬，在上風處2-3公里遠能聞到腐肉。雖然它們會跟蹤新的足跡，但很少能捉到躲藏的野兔或鳥類。已知捕捉到的狼可以用嗅覺知道餵養它們的人剛吃了甚麼食物。它們的聽覺非常靈敏，可以聽到頻率高達 26kHz 的聲音，比<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E7%8B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="狐狸">狐狸</a>好。它們甚至可以察覺秋天落葉的聲音，傳說狼害怕<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" title="弦樂器">弦樂器</a>的聲音，也許有事實根據，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%AD" title="伦敦动物园">倫敦動物園</a>中養的狼對強烈的d小調和絃聲音會表現出不安。雖然它們<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9C%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夜視（页面不存在）">夜視</a>能力是犬科動物中最好的，但它們的視力不如貓類。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="亞種分類"><span id=".E4.BA.9E.E7.A8.AE.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>亞種分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：亞種分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>灰狼的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%A8%AE" title="亞種">亞種</a>分類非常有争议。一般相信過去曾經有約50個亞種存在。然而，一個新而被廣泛接受的列表將狼分為16種現存的亞種和2種最近滅絕的亞種。这种分类法综合考虑了<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="解剖学">解剖学</a>上、分布上和不同狼群迁徙习性上的特点。 <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙狼">西班牙狼</a>也有可能是个独立亚种。近几年的基因研究发现<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%8B%BC" title="印度狼">印度狼</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E7%8B%BC" title="喜瑪拉雅狼">喜瑪拉雅狼</a>是独立的物种。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%94%E5%8E%9F%E7%8B%BC" title="苔原狼">苔原狼</a> <i>(C. l. albus)</i> - 俄羅斯北部</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%8B%BC" title="阿拉伯狼">阿拉伯狼</a> <i>(C. l. arabs)</i> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯半島">阿拉伯半島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E7%8B%BC" title="北極狼">北極狼</a> <i>(C. l. arctos)</i> - 加拿大極地島嶼和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="格陵蘭">格陵蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%8B%BC" title="墨西哥狼">墨西哥狼</a> <i>(C. l. baileyi)</i> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a>北部，与<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>西南部。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E7%8B%BC" title="藏狼">藏狼</a> <i>(C. l. chanco)</i> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="青藏高原">青藏高原</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯狼（页面不存在）">俄羅斯狼</a> <i>(C. l. communis)</i> - 俄羅斯中部</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%8F%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="裏海狼（页面不存在）">裏海狼</a> <i>(C. l. cubanensis)</i> - 俄羅斯，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%8F%E6%B5%B7" title="裏海">裏海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>間</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%8A%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="家犬">家犬</a> <i>(C. l. familiaris)</i> - 除<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="南極洲">南極洲</a>外，廣泛分佈全球，与人类共生 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%8A%AC" title="澳洲野犬">澳洲野犬</a> <i>(C. l. dingo)</i> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東南亞">東南亞</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲">澳洲</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%8B%BC" title="北海道狼">北海道狼</a>（蝦夷狼） <i>(C. l. hattai)</i> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道">北海道</a>，已滅絕</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%8B%BC" title="日本狼">日本狼</a> <i>(C. l. hodophilax)</i> - 日本<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="本州">本州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="四國">四國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州</a>，已滅絕</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B4%9B%E5%9F%BA%E5%B1%B1%E7%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="北洛基山狼">北洛基山狼</a> <i>(C. l. irremotus)</i> - 冰河國家公園以及在蒙大拿地區</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8B%BC" title="意大利狼">義大利狼</a> <i>(C. l. italicus)</i> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E5%B9%B3%E5%AF%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞平寧（页面不存在）">亞平寧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E9%87%91%E7%8B%BC" title="埃及金狼">埃及狼</a> <i>(C. l. lupaster)</i> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>北部和<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="利比亞">利比亞</a>東北部。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E7%8B%BC" title="歐亞狼">歐亞狼</a> <i>(C. l. lupus)</i> - 從中國、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>、俄羅斯和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐">東歐</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E7%8B%BC" title="东加拿大狼">东加拿大狼</a> <i>(C. l. lycaon)</i> - 加拿大東南部与美國東北部。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大平原狼（页面不存在）">大平原狼</a> <i>(C. l. nubilus)</i> - 美國西部、東北部和加拿大東部</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B4%E6%AD%87%E7%8B%BC" title="馬更歇狼">馬更歇狼</a> <i>(C. l. occidentalis)</i> - 加拿大西部、阿拉斯加，重新引進至美國西北部</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E7%8B%BC" title="伊朗狼">伊朗狼</a> <i>(C. l. pallipes)</i> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="中東">中東</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%8B%BC" title="紅狼">红狼</a> <i>(C. l. rufus)</i> - 美國東南部</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E7%8B%BC" title="紐芬蘭狼">紐芬蘭狼</a> <i>(C. l. beothucus)</i>- 加拿大<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="紐芬蘭島">紐芬蘭島</a>，已滅絕</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="習性"><span id=".E7.BF.92.E6.80.A7"></span>習性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：習性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="社會結構"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E6.9C.83.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>社會結構</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：社會結構"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolf_pack_in_Yellowstone_NP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Wolf_pack_in_Yellowstone_NP.jpg/220px-Wolf_pack_in_Yellowstone_NP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Wolf_pack_in_Yellowstone_NP.jpg/330px-Wolf_pack_in_Yellowstone_NP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Wolf_pack_in_Yellowstone_NP.jpg/440px-Wolf_pack_in_Yellowstone_NP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="197" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="黃石國家公園">黃石公園</a>中的北方狼群</figcaption></figure> <p>在较早的的文獻中，狼群通常被描述為具有嚴格的社會階級結構，領頭的狼對偶是經由爭奪爬到社會階梯結構的頂層。其次是服從階層、以及最低階層。這樣的說法很大程度來自觀察捕獲的、彼此沒有血親關聯的狼，它們彼此會為了地位而打鬥和競爭。同時捕獲的狼由於沒有疏散躲避的空間，彼此爭鬥也比在自然環境中更頻繁。 </p><p>在野外的自然環境中，狼群比<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD" title="核心家庭">核心家庭</a>更緊密些，其基本社會單元是狼的一對配偶，以及其子女。北方狼群的群體傾向於比<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%8A%AC" title="非洲野犬">非洲野犬</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%91%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97" title="斑鬣狗">斑鬣狗</a>更大、也較複雜，也比<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E7%8B%BC" title="郊狼">郊狼</a>的群體穩定。南方狼群的社會行為比較傾向單獨或成對生活，與郊狼和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%8A%AC" title="澳洲野犬">澳洲野犬</a>比較接近。群體平均組成為5-11隻，由1-2隻成年狼，3-6隻年輕，和1-3隻幼狼，雖然已知的大型狼群曾多達42隻。狼群鮮少接受其它狼加入，它們通常會殺死陌生的狼，會被狼群接受的狼都在1-3歲間，被殺死的都是成年狼。被狼群接受是個冗長的過程，包括為期長達數週的試探、被非致命性的攻擊、以瞭解新加入者是否可以信任。在獵物豐富、遷移、產子等時候，狼群可能會暫時聯合。 </p><p>紀錄中，從五個月到五歲之間的狼都可能離開原生狼群，以發展自己的家庭，但平均年紀是從11-24個月。促成離開狼群的機制包含性發育成熟、以及在狼群內部食物的競爭和繁殖。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="領域行為"><span id=".E9.A0.98.E5.9F.9F.E8.A1.8C.E7.82.BA"></span>領域行為</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：領域行為"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobo_marcando_su_territorio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lobo_marcando_su_territorio.jpg/220px-Lobo_marcando_su_territorio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lobo_marcando_su_territorio.jpg/330px-Lobo_marcando_su_territorio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lobo_marcando_su_territorio.jpg/440px-Lobo_marcando_su_territorio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption>一匹狼正在標示其領域</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duma_roll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Duma_roll.jpg/220px-Duma_roll.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Duma_roll.jpg/330px-Duma_roll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Duma_roll.jpg/440px-Duma_roll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>狼會翻滾摩擦地面，並將氣味帶回狼群</figcaption></figure> <p>狼是具有高度的領域性的動物，通常他們建立的領域超過它們實際生存所需，以確保持續的獵物供應。領域的大小依據可捕獲獵物的數量決定，獵物豐富時，棲息狼群的領域就比較小，狼群會不斷地移動搜尋獵物，每天約涵蓋其領域的9% (平均每天約25公里)，他們大約花50%的時間在其核心領域，約35平方公里。在其領域週圍，獵物密度傾向於遠高於其領域中。即便領域週遭的獵物較多，除非獵物非常稀缺，狼傾向於避免在領域邊界狩獵，因為可以避免致命地遭遇相鄰領域的狼群。當狼群中的幼狼長到6個月大時，由於需要的營養與成年狼相當，其領域會擴增。狼群最小領域的紀錄是6隻狼居住的約33平方公里，位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E8%98%87%E9%81%94%E5%B7%9E" title="明尼蘇達州">明尼蘇達州</a>東北部。最大的紀錄在阿拉斯加州的一個狼群占有6272平方公里。在某些區域狼會適應其獵物的遷移季節，而改變其領域。 </p><p>狼以氣味記號、直接攻擊和狼嚎來劃分和防衛其領域。狼用尿液、排便、摩擦地面以留下氣味記號，來標明領地。氣味記號間隔約為240公尺遍佈整個領域，這樣的標記約可維持2-3週，記號通常做在岩石、樹木、或大型動物的骨頭上。如果氣味記號與狼嚎沒有阻止陌生狼群進入其領域，就會發生激烈的遭遇打鬥。領域爭奪是狼致死的主要原因之一，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E8%98%87%E9%81%94%E5%B7%9E" title="明尼蘇達州">明尼蘇達州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E7%B4%8D%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E5%92%8C%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="迪納利國家公園和保留區">迪納利國家公園和保留區</a>所做的一項研究顯示 14-65% 狼死亡原因來自其它狼的狩獵行為，事實上91%的狼死亡發生在與其它狼群領域邊界3.2公里的範圍內。由於侵入的結果可能是致命的，這種侵入被認為是絕望的和蓄意的攻擊行為。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="繁殖行為"><span id=".E7.B9.81.E6.AE.96.E8.A1.8C.E7.82.BA"></span>繁殖行為</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：繁殖行為"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_wolves_mating_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Korean_wolves_mating_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Korean_wolves_mating_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Korean_wolves_mating_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Korean_wolves_mating_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Korean_wolves_mating_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Korean_wolves_mating_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2392" data-file-height="1523" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%91%A9%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="多摩動物公園">多摩動物公園</a>交配中的韓國狼</figcaption></figure> <p>狼居住密度低的區域，狼通常傾向單一配偶。成偶的狼只要配偶還在，絕大多數會終生相伴。如果狼的配偶死亡，它會很快重建新配偶關係。由於雄狼數量通常多於雌狼，所以沒有配對的雌狼很罕見。多於一個配偶的關係也可能發生，但這主要發生在狼隻被捕豢養的狀態。狼第一次繁殖的年紀受環境因素影響很大，當食物豐富或狼隻數量受嚴格管理時，狼會較早繁殖養育幼狼，以充分利用可得的資源。已知豢養的狼在 9-10 個月就可以繁殖，而野生狼最早的繁殖紀錄也要兩歲。雌狼每年都可以繁殖，通常每年一胎。與<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E7%8B%BC" title="郊狼">郊狼</a>不同的是，狼繁殖力不會衰老直到死亡。近親交配鮮少發生，雖然在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B6%E8%90%AC%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="薩克其萬省">薩克其萬省</a>和 Isle Royale 有這樣的紀錄。 </p><p>狼通常在暮冬發情，較年長、有子女的雌狼發情時間比年輕雌狼早約 2-3 週。發情前，狼群可能暫時解散直到交配期結束。願意接受配偶時，雌狼會將尾巴偏向一邊，露出生殖器官。交配時狼會有交配姿勢，時間 5-36 分鐘不等。由於狼的發情期為時僅一個月，與狗不同的是，雄狼不會放棄配偶去找其它雌狼。雌狼在懷孕期間會留在狼穴，遠離其領域的邊界區域，以減少與其它狼群衝突的機會。較年長的雌狼通常在前一胎的狼穴生產，年輕雌狼則通常選擇靠近其出生地的附近。懷孕為期 62-75 天，幼狼通常在夏季出生，每胎平均 5-6 隻幼狼，14-17 隻發生率為 1%。每胎的數量傾向隨獵物的豐富增加。相對犬科其它物種，每胎數量少時，幼狼體型較大。與母狼不同，公狼不會反芻食物給幼狼，它會從獵殺中帶回食物。如果母狼在幼狼斷奶期結束前死亡，狼群中其它雌狼會給幼狼哺乳。幼狼在 3-4 週時開始吃固體食物，它們在出生後的前四個月發育最快，這段時間幼狼的體重會增加 30 倍。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="黃石國家公園">黃石國家公園</a>內受保護而引入的狼群，其繁殖行為並非常態。在發情期侵入其它狼群領域的流浪雄狼，常與多隻雌狼交配。這種雄狼通常很年輕，在離開其原生狼群後，尋找伴侶或建立領域失敗，它們與其它核心家庭狼群的「女兒」交配。和建立配對關係狼群的雄狼不同，這種流浪雄狼不會跟與其交配的雌狼建立對偶關係。由於黃石國家公園的獵物豐富，雌狼在此情況可以懷多胎。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="穴居行為"><span id=".E7.A9.B4.E5.B1.85.E8.A1.8C.E7.82.BA"></span>穴居行為</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：穴居行為"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>狼選擇不同的地點做窩，寒冷、潮濕和風大的時候，它們會選擇有遮蔽的地點。乾燥、安靜和溫暖的氣候時，它們會選擇露天的場所。秋天和春天，是狼活躍的季節，無論是在什麼區域，它們選擇露天棲息。 </p><p>實際的窩通常是在夏季為幼狼所建，建窩時，母狼會利用天然的掩蔽物，如岩石裂縫、突出的岩石下、河濱、和有茂密植物遮蔽的洞穴。有時窩是利用其它小型動物原來的棲息所如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E7%8B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="狐狸">狐狸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="獾">獾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B1%E7%8D%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="旱獺">旱獺</a>等，狼會加寬並適度的修改。少數的例子中，母狼會挖自己窩，這種窩通常短而小，有一到三個出口。窩通常距離水源在500公尺以內，是幼狼休息、玩樂的所在，狼剩餘的食物在狼窩附近時常可見，狼尿液和狼窩中獵物腐敗的氣味，常會吸引清道夫型的鳥類如<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%B5%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="喜鵲">喜鵲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E9%B4%89" class="mw-redirect" title="烏鴉">烏鴉</a>。由於適合挖掘的地點不多，狼窩中住的通常只有同一家庭。 </p><p>雖然狼選窩的地點會避免在人類視線範圍內，但狼會住在靠近人類房屋、道路、鐵道附近。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="獵捕行為"><span id=".E7.8D.B5.E6.8D.95.E8.A1.8C.E7.82.BA"></span>獵捕行為</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：獵捕行為"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canis_lupus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Canis_lupus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg/220px-Canis_lupus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Canis_lupus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg/330px-Canis_lupus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Canis_lupus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg/440px-Canis_lupus_pack_surrounding_Bison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>一頭 <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%89%9B" title="美洲野牛">美洲野牛</a> 不奔跑，並站定來面對環伺的狼群，以增加存活的機會</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolves_and_elk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Wolves_and_elk.jpg/220px-Wolves_and_elk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Wolves_and_elk.jpg/330px-Wolves_and_elk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Wolves_and_elk.jpg/440px-Wolves_and_elk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption>一頭<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%AC%E9%B9%BF" title="加拿大馬鹿">加拿大馬鹿</a>企圖逃離狼群，但它奔跑比狼更容易疲憊，因此存活的機會不高</figcaption></figure> <p>雖然狼群會合作以及策略性獵捕獵物，但它們並不像母獅群那般頻繁與有效的運用策略。與獅群不同，狼群很少穩定維持兩年以上，因此它們學習合作獵捕的時間比較短。一般愈大的狼群，每隻狼可分得的食物通常愈少。整體而言單一隻狼或僅是對偶的狼群，比大的狼群的獵捕成功率較高。有發現單一隻狼仍獨自成功獵捕大型獵物如<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%89%9B" title="美洲野牛">美洲野牛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%8B%E9%B9%BF" title="麋鹿">麋鹿</a>等。 </p><p>進行獵捕時，如果獵物是成群的，狼在接近獵物時會先隱蔽自己，然後試圖打散群體，或設法隔離出落單的個體。如果目標獵物站著不動，狼可能會放棄它，也可能會促使它開始跑。對於小型獵物，狼會嘗試儘快抓到。對於大型獵物，追逐會拖長，以消耗獵物的體力。雖然有紀錄一匹狼曾追蹤一頭鹿遠達21公里，但狼通常在追逐1-2公里後，就會放棄。有時一匹狼會出現在獵物前方，以吸引獵物注意，讓對偶的狼從後方襲擊。狼群也可能佈置突襲陷阱，曾發現印度狼從山溝追逐<a href="/wiki/%E7%9E%AA%E7%BE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="瞪羚">瞪羚</a>而其它狼在預先挖好的洞中埋伏。也有西伯利亞狼反覆多次在接近水洞的地方突襲獵物。西伯利亞和北美狼都會驅使獵物到崎嶇的冰面、懸崖邊、山溝、斜坡、或陡峭的河邊，以增加獵捕成功率。 </p><p>繁殖中的狼對偶通常會壟斷食物，以便繁殖幼狼。當食物缺乏時，家族中其它狼便要付出飢餓的代價，特別是不再受餵食的狼。這與<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%BA" title="豺">豺</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%8A%AC" title="非洲野犬">非洲野犬</a>相反，它們的幼犬會優先得到食物。繁殖期中的狼會先吃，雖然参与狩猎的狼在獵捕過程中出力最多，但它們在長距離獵捕後會休息，並讓家族其他成員不受干擾的吃。等繁殖中的狼吃過後，家族中其它的狼會撕下殘骸，到比較遠離其他成員的地方進食。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="溝通"><span id=".E6.BA.9D.E9.80.9A"></span>溝通</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：溝通"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canis_lupus_arabic.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Canis_lupus_arabic.JPG/220px-Canis_lupus_arabic.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Canis_lupus_arabic.JPG/330px-Canis_lupus_arabic.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Canis_lupus_arabic.JPG/440px-Canis_lupus_arabic.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>處於防禦姿態的阿拉伯狼</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="肢體語言"><span id=".E8.82.A2.E9.AB.94.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>肢體語言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：肢體語言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>狼的肢體語言溝通包括多種面部表情、尾巴位置、和狼毛豎立。攻擊性強或自我張揚表現的特徵是其蓄意放緩的動作，身體姿態高、和豎立的狼毛。表示順從的狼會把身體放低、狼毛平順、耳朵貼伏、尾巴放低。繁殖期的雄狼遇見表示順從的家庭成員時，它可能會凝視、高高站立、而尾巴保持與背平行，它們尾部的腺體釋放<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E6%B4%9B%E8%92%99" class="mw-redirect" title="費洛蒙">費洛蒙</a>可能對表達侵略性扮演某些角色，因為狼在攻擊行為中，會抬高尾巴根部，而尾巴下垂，這樣腺體可以維持高點。 </p><p>已知表達順從的行為有兩種:被動和主動。被動順從通常發生在當領頭的狼接近時的反應，表示順從的狼會部份背部向下躺著，讓領頭狼聞其生殖器部位。主動順從通常是表示歡迎的一種形式，表示順從的狼會低姿態靠近，舔另一隻狼的臉。 </p><p>當狼群聚集時，通常有些它們喜歡的行為，如用鼻子推對方、用下巴互相輕咬、用頰部摩擦、舔臉。用嘴含住對方的嘴部是種友好的表示，但如果用嘴夾住對方的嘴並露出牙齒，則是展示權威，領頭的狼也可能跨過其家屬站著，表示權威。 </p><p>在獵食成功時，狼會從遠處保護屬於自己的食物不被其它狼吃掉，它們會向外放平耳朵、表示它們在保護屬於自己的食物。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="狼嚎"><span id=".E7.8B.BC.E5.9A.8E"></span>狼嚎</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82556584">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolf_howls.ogg" title="File:Wolf howls.ogg">狼嚎聲</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="29" data-mwtitle="Wolf_howls.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Wolf_howls.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Wolf_howls.ogg/Wolf_howls.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><span class="selfreference">播放此文件有问题？请参见<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%B9%AB%E5%8A%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:媒體幫助">媒體幫助</a>。</span></div> </div> <p>狼嚎有許多作用，通常在獵食前及獵捕後，狼會用狼嚎來聚集其狼群。狼嚎也用來傳達警告，特別是在狼穴附近。在風暴中或不熟悉的地區，也用於找出其它狼的位置，和遠距離溝通。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Howlsnow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Howlsnow.jpg/220px-Howlsnow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Howlsnow.jpg/330px-Howlsnow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Howlsnow.jpg/440px-Howlsnow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%B0%E7%8B%BC%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E4%BF%A1%E8%A8%97%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="灰狼保育信託基金會（页面不存在）">灰狼保育信託基金會</a>所屬的成年狼發出狼嚎</figcaption></figure> <p>狼嚎包含約在 270 到 720 Hz 的基本頻率<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，以及包含可能多達 12 種其它和諧的音調。其音節可能維持固定或平順的變化，並可能改變方向多達四到五次。不同地理區域的狼嚎，可能有不同的形態，歐洲比北美狼的狼嚎聲長、也比較有韻律感，歐洲狼嚎聲音比較大、第一音節也比較響亮。生物學家曾錄下北美狼嚎的聲音去回應歐洲式狼嚎，顯示此二者是可以<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" title="相互理解性">相互理解</a>的。 </p><p>狼嚎與大型犬類的嚎叫聲通常難以分辨，呼叫配偶獵食的狼嚎會長而平順、像是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E9%B8%AE%E5%B1%9E" title="雕鸮属">雕鴞</a>叫聲開始的那部份。追逐獵物時，它們發出高頻的嚎聲。追逐終了時，它們發出短吠聲與嚎聲混和的聲音。 </p><p>群聚狼嚎時，狼嚎會此起彼落，而非同時一起，會建立錯覺，以為有更多的狼在附近。獨行中的狼在身處其它狼群的領域時，會避免嚎叫。另外狼在雨天和滿足時都不會響應其它狼的嚎聲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其它聲音"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E5.AE.83.E8.81.B2.E9.9F.B3"></span>其它聲音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：其它聲音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>其它聲音可分為三類，發怒、叫聲和不滿。叫聲基本頻率在 320–904 Hz 間，通常在狼受到驚嚇時發出的。狼吠叫不像狗那樣大聲，也不會連續吠叫不停。但會吠叫數次，並從認知的危險中撤退。豢養的狼如果聽見狗吠，它們吠叫的次數也會增加。 </p><p>發怒的聲音基本頻率在 380–450 Hz，通常是在保護食物時發出的。幼狼通常在玩耍時會發出怒聲。不滿的聲音涵意比較複雜，常伴隨著焦慮、好奇、偵查、和親密關係如歡迎、餵食幼狼、和玩耍。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生態"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.85.8B"></span>生態</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：生態"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="獵物"><span id=".E7.8D.B5.E7.89.A9"></span>獵物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：獵物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>狼雖不挑剔獵物，但主要的獵物是中到大型的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%B9%84%E9%A1%9E" title="有蹄類">有蹄類</a>動物(如美洲野牛是狼的10-15倍大)，如果獵物不足，中型與小型獵物可以作为補充，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B1%E7%8D%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="旱獺">土撥鼠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E7%8B%B8" title="河狸">河狸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E5%85%94" class="mw-redirect" title="野兔">野兔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%BE%E4%BA%9A%E7%A7%91" title="獾亚科">獾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E7%8B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="狐狸">狐狸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%AC%E5%B1%AC" title="鼬屬">貂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%9D%BE%E9%BC%A0" title="地松鼠">地松鼠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BC%A0%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="小鼠屬">鼠類</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%89%E9%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="倉鼠">倉鼠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E9%BC%A0" title="田鼠">田鼠</a>和其它<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%A7%E9%BD%92%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="齧齒目">齧齒目</a>動物及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%99%AB%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="食虫动物">食蟲動物</a>。 </p><p>狼常吃<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%B3%A5" title="水鳥">水鳥</a>和它們的蛋，特別是在換毛期和冬季這種需要將脂肪轉變成自身脂肪的時期。當食物不足時，它們會吃<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%A5%E8%9C%B4" title="蜥蜴">蜥蜴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87" title="蛇">蛇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%B0%BE%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="無尾目">蛙類</a>、很少吃<a href="/wiki/%E8%9F%BE%E8%9C%8D" title="蟾蜍">蟾蜍</a>，如果有的話也吃大型昆蟲。食物稀缺時狼也會吃<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%82%89" title="腐肉">腐肉</a>，它們會出現在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%A0%E5%AE%B0%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="屠宰场">屠宰場</a>、家畜掩埋場附近。<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95" title="阿斯特拉罕">阿斯特拉罕</a>的狼群會在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%A1%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="裡海">裡海</a>海岸獵捕<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%A1%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="裡海海豹">裡海海豹</a>。 </p><p>阿拉斯加和加拿大西部的狼也吃<a href="/wiki/%E9%AE%AD%E9%AD%9A" title="鮭魚">鮭魚</a>。狼同類相食並不罕見，在嚴寒的冬季狼群常攻擊孱弱或受傷的狼，並可能吃掉死去狼群成員屍體。但是，不知道它們是否像<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E7%8B%BC" title="郊狼">郊狼</a>那樣，有時會吃掉幼狼。雖然有時狼會攻擊人類，但次數很少。狼會以水果、植物補充食物，它們吃<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E6%A5%B8%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="花楸屬">花楸屬</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%BF%E6%9E%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="漿果">漿果</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B4%E8%98%AD" title="鈴蘭">鈴蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%8E%93" title="藍莓">藍莓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E6%A9%98" title="越橘">越橘</a>等，其它水果包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%84%E7%A7%91" title="茄科">茄科</a>植物、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果">蘋果</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A8" title="梨">梨</a>。夏季期間，它們會出現在瓜田覓食。狼可以很長時間不進食，兩週沒有食物不會明顯減弱灰狼的體力。 </p><p>在歐亞洲人類活動密集的區域，許多狼被迫獵食人類豢養的牲畜或垃圾。雖然在俄國和東歐多山地區，野生有蹄類動物如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%9D%E9%B9%BF" title="駝鹿">駝鹿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B9%BF" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="馬鹿">紅鹿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%8B%8D" title="西方狍">西方狍</a>、和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E8%B1%AC" title="野豬">野豬</a>仍是最主要的食物來源。其他獵物包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%B4%E9%B9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="馴鹿">馴鹿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%92%E7%BE%8A" title="大角羊">盤羊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲野牛">歐洲野牛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%8A%A0%E7%BE%9A%E7%BE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="塞加羚羊">塞加羚羊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%8A%E5%B1%AC" title="山羊屬">山羊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%86%E7%BE%9A" title="臆羚">臆羚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%8A" title="野山羊">野山羊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%87%E9%B9%BF" title="黇鹿">黇鹿</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="麝">香獐</a>。北美灰狼的獵物依然大量佔有適合它們，且人類分佈稀疏的區域為棲息地，除了改以人類垃圾及牲畜為主食以外的狼群，北美灰狼偏好的獵物包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%9D%E9%B9%BF" title="駝鹿">駝鹿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B0%BE%E9%B9%BF" title="白尾鹿">白尾鹿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%AC%E9%B9%BF" title="加拿大馬鹿">加拿大馬鹿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A8%BE%E9%B9%BF" title="騾鹿">騾鹿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%92%E7%BE%8A" title="大角羊">大角羊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%92%E7%BE%8A" title="白大角羊">白大角羊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%89%9B" title="美洲野牛">美洲野牛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%9D%E7%89%9B" title="麝牛">麝牛</a>，和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%B4%E9%B9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="馴鹿">馴鹿</a>。在北美灰狼會吃多種不同的農作物、蔬菜和人類畜養的動物。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生存競爭"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.AD.98.E7.AB.B6.E7.88.AD"></span>生存競爭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：生存競爭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ursus_arctos,_Canis_lupus_-_Juraparc,_Vallorbe,_Vaud,_Switzerland_-_20090822.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ursus_arctos%2C_Canis_lupus_-_Juraparc%2C_Vallorbe%2C_Vaud%2C_Switzerland_-_20090822.jpg/220px-Ursus_arctos%2C_Canis_lupus_-_Juraparc%2C_Vallorbe%2C_Vaud%2C_Switzerland_-_20090822.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ursus_arctos%2C_Canis_lupus_-_Juraparc%2C_Vallorbe%2C_Vaud%2C_Switzerland_-_20090822.jpg/330px-Ursus_arctos%2C_Canis_lupus_-_Juraparc%2C_Vallorbe%2C_Vaud%2C_Switzerland_-_20090822.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ursus_arctos%2C_Canis_lupus_-_Juraparc%2C_Vallorbe%2C_Vaud%2C_Switzerland_-_20090822.jpg/440px-Ursus_arctos%2C_Canis_lupus_-_Juraparc%2C_Vallorbe%2C_Vaud%2C_Switzerland_-_20090822.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>狼正對<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%86%8A" title="棕熊">棕熊</a>吠叫，位於 Juraparc, Vallorbe, Vaud, <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></figcaption></figure> <p>如果與其他犬科動物共存在同一區域，狼通常占優勢。在北美常見<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E7%8B%BC" title="郊狼">郊狼</a>被灰狼殺死，特別是在冬季，當這種情況發生時，灰狼可能會攻擊郊狼的巢穴，找出並殺死幼郊狼。它們很少吃殺死的郊狼屍體。雖然當郊狼數量多時，郊狼可能追擊灰狼，但沒有郊狼殺死灰狼的紀錄。在歐亞洲，灰狼與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%83%A1%E7%8B%BC" title="亞洲胡狼">亞洲胡狼</a>也有很多遭遇的機會，亞洲胡狼的數量在灰狼多的地區相對少。灰狼在春夏之際獵殺大量的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%89" title="貉">貉</a>，是其最主要的天敵。灰狼也殺害<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%8B%90" title="赤狐">赤狐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E7%8B%90" title="北極狐">北極狐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%8B%90" title="沙狐">沙狐</a>，其衝突原因勝過獵食，但灰狼也可能吃掉殺死的狐。在亞洲，它們要生存可能要與<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%BA" title="豺">亞洲豺犬</a>競爭。 </p><p>灰狼在歐亞與美洲都會碰上<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%86%8A" title="棕熊">棕熊</a>，這種遭遇的結果依環境而定。一般來說衝突原因高於獵食時，棕熊的優勢勝過狼群；但在保護自己的狼穴時，狼群多半會擊退棕熊。雖然棕熊的體態與力量都遠比單一灰狼大，狼群卻可以靠數量多與棕熊抗衡。這兩個物種都會殺死對方的幼獸。狼會吃掉它們殺死的幼熊，而棕熊似乎只吃比較年輕的狼。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%BB%91%E7%86%8A" title="美洲黑熊">美洲黑熊</a>僅美洲才有，由於對棲息地喜好不同，灰狼與北美黑熊遭遇的機會遠少於棕熊，它們的遭遇多數發生在黑熊分布地的北側。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a>沒有黑熊與灰狼遭遇紀錄。灰狼有多次紀錄主動追尋黑熊(主要是年幼黑熊)到熊窩，殺死但沒有吃幼熊。與棕熊不同，黑熊與灰狼群衝突的結果，時常是輸掉生命。 </p><p>與棕熊和黑熊相比，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E7%86%8A" title="北極熊">北極熊</a>與灰狼遭遇機會非常少，雖然有兩次狼群殺死幼北極熊的紀錄。狼群也會殺死年幼的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%BB%91%E7%86%8A" title="亞洲黑熊">亞洲黑熊</a>。已經知道當狼群在白天攻擊熊時，狼群會將最後致命的攻擊延遲到夜晚，因為狼的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9C%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夜視（页面不存在）">夜視</a>能力比熊好。 </p><p>狼群在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中亞">中亞</a>會遇到<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97" title="条纹鬣狗">條紋鬣狗</a>，生存競爭原因高於獵食。在這兩個物種並存的區域，<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97" class="mw-redirect" title="鬣狗">鬣狗</a>大量依賴狼群殺死的獵物腐肉維生，一對一的情況下，鬣狗勝過灰狼，但狼群能擊退落單的鬣狗。 </p><p>狼數量多時，會限制中小型的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%93%E4%BA%9E%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="貓亞科">貓亞科</a>動物的數量。在部份<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E7%A3%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="洛磯山脈">洛磯山脈</a>和相接的山區，灰狼會遇到<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E7%8D%85" class="mw-redirect" title="美洲獅">美洲獅</a>，由於狩獵海拔高度不同，狼群與美洲獅會互相回避，但在冬季，積雪會迫使它們到山谷狩獵，它們彼次相遇的可能性就會增加。儘管它們相碰的機會不多，但狼群與美洲獅會殺害對方，狼群有時也奪走美洲獅獵得的獵物。亞洲的狼群獵食<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%94%E7%8C%BB" title="兔猻">兔猻</a>，可能也對<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E8%B1%B9" title="雪豹">雪豹</a>構成威脅，並可能造成<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%9E%E7%8C%81" title="猞猁">歐亞猞猁</a>數量的減少。 </p><p>除了人類生存對灰狼構成競爭壓力以外，<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E" title="虎">虎</a>似乎是唯一獵捕灰狼的動物。當灰狼與虎獵食區域重疊時，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西伯利亞">西伯利亞</a>東部，就會造成此二者劇烈的生存競爭。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E9%9C%8D%E7%89%B9%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="錫霍特山脈">錫霍特山脈</a>有狼與虎很好的遭遇紀錄。直到20世紀初，該地區狼的數量非常少。一些專家認為，當俄羅斯人於19世紀末20世紀初<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91" title="殖民">殖民</a>該地區而大量消滅虎時，狼的數量才上升。這可由當地住民描述他們在1930年代虎被大量消滅以前，不記得有狼群在當地棲息一事而得到證實。虎的存在抑制狼的數量，不論是區域性的絕跡或數量少到不足以在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="生態系統">生態系統</a>上構成有意義的因素，似乎只有在人類減少虎的數量後，狼群才能擺脫<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD%E6%8E%92%E9%99%A4%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="競爭排除原則">競爭排除</a>。 </p><p>今天在虎的棲息地，狼的數量依然稀少，發現的都是散落的狼群，通常是單一隻或小群。第一手的資料顯示當二者遭遇時，虎有時會驅趕狼離開它的獵物，而狼會吃虎所獵食的腐肉。狼被虎殺死的實際例證很少，雖然有四例經證實，虎殺害狼而沒有吃掉它們，攻擊似乎因為競爭而非獵食天性。 </p><p>狼被虎<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD%E6%8E%92%E9%99%A4%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="競爭排除原則">競爭排除</a>的事例被俄羅斯人拿來教育遠東地區的獵人，要多寬容虎，因為虎對有蹄類動物的影響不如狼，但卻可以有效控制狼的數量。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="混血"><span id=".E6.B7.B7.E8.A1.80"></span>混血</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：混血"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="狼與犬"><span id=".E7.8B.BC.E8.88.87.E7.8A.AC"></span>狼與犬</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：狼與犬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TWH-jolly.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/TWH-jolly.JPG/220px-TWH-jolly.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/TWH-jolly.JPG/330px-TWH-jolly.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/TWH-jolly.JPG/440px-TWH-jolly.JPG 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="823" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%8B%BC%E7%8A%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克狼犬">捷克狼犬</a>是灰狼與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%89%A7%E7%BE%8A%E7%8A%AC" title="德國牧羊犬">德國牧羊犬</a>的混血兒</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blacklupus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blacklupus.jpg/220px-Blacklupus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blacklupus.jpg/330px-Blacklupus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blacklupus.jpg/440px-Blacklupus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1145" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>基因研究顯示黑色毛的狼，其顏色基因起源於最先來自家犬的突變</figcaption></figure> <p>犬與狼在基因上極為接近，屬同一物種，且棲息地重疊了多個世紀，這兩個亞種在野外自然環境下並不會主動雜交。與<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E7%8B%BC" title="郊狼">郊狼</a>-犬或<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E7%8B%BC" title="胡狼">胡狼</a>-犬的後代不同，狼犬混血兒仍具有繁殖能力，其後代也依然有繁殖能力。 </p><p>狼與犬的後代在美國的數量激增，目前有30萬頭，最常用於此目的的犬是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史畢茲犬" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spitz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E7%95%A2%E8%8C%B2%E7%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史畢茲犬（页面不存在）">史畢茲犬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitz" class="extiw" title="en:Spitz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spitz</span></a></span>）</span></span>。 </p><p>雖然狼群平常會殺害狗，獨行的狼卻可能友好的將工作犬或放牧犬視為替代的狼群成員。大部份野外的狼-犬交配是母狼-公犬的組合，狼犬混血兒可能比純粹的灰狼更大膽，因此，可能對牲畜和人類更具有危險性。在野外，狼犬混血兒比較喜歡與犬和其它狼犬混血兒成群和交配，並適應棲息在人類居住地的週邊環境。 </p><p>雖然狼犬混血兒已經在歐洲引起保守人士對狼純種性的疑慮，一項mtDNA序列研究顯示混血的狗基因在歐洲狼數量上不會構成有意義的威脅。並且，由於狼與犬的發情期並不完全一致，野生狼與犬交配產生狼犬混血兒的機會很少。如同純種狼，狼犬混血兒每年繁殖一次，而發情期提早三個月，幼狼犬混血兒幾乎都是在冬季出生，因此減少它們存活的機會。 </p><p>雖然許多人相信<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%BA%BD%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="因纽特人">因紐特人</a>將雪橇犬與狼交配，以改善後代耐久力，但這應該不是真的，因為狼犬混血兒拉雪橇時通常無法穩定有效的合作，而且其耐力遠不如雪橇犬。在歐洲至少已經有兩個狼犬混血兒的品種產生，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%8B%BC%E7%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩羅斯狼犬（页面不存在）">薩羅斯狼犬</a> 及<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%8B%BC%E7%8A%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克狼犬">捷克狼犬</a>，都是灰狼與德國牧羊犬的後代。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="郊狼與灰狼"><span id=".E9.83.8A.E7.8B.BC.E8.88.87.E7.81.B0.E7.8B.BC"></span>郊狼與灰狼</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：郊狼與灰狼"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E7%8B%BC" title="郊狼">郊狼</a>（<i><span lang="la">Canis latrans</span></i>）与灰狼的杂交种大小介於二者之間，比郊狼大，比灰狼小。由于两者的染色体不能成配对成双，而呈现<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9C%E4%BA%A4%E8%A1%B0%E9%80%80" title="远交衰退">遠交衰退</a>，两者的杂交种幼仔生存率较低，虽然生存下来的杂交种仍有一定的生育能力，但最高记录仅能持续繁衍至第四代<sup id="cite_ref-young121_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young121-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>由于郊狼与灰狼会在自然环境中杂交，因此其杂交后代会在野外形成种群。一項研究顯示，100隻来自<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="緬因州">緬因州</a>的所谓“东方郊狼”样本中，其中22有超過一半的灰狼血統。其中一隻有89%的基因来自灰狼。有理論提出加拿大較大的東方郊狼事實上是較小的西方郊狼幾十年前向東往新英格蘭地區遷移，與灰狼交配的混血兒。這些東方郊狼在腳掌墊上的汗腺比西方郊狼少，但比灰狼多。東北部與加拿大的研究人員說郊狼混血兒的數量在東北地區正在成長。有些科學家認為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%8B%BC" title="紅狼">紅狼</a>是灰狼與<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E7%8B%BC" title="郊狼">郊狼</a>的混血兒，而非獨立物種。基因測試證明雜交的有力證據顯示紅狼僅有 5% 的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E4%BD%8D%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="等位基因">等位基因</a>與灰狼和郊狼不同。基因距離計算指出在南<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魁北克">魁北克</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E8%98%87%E9%81%94%E5%B7%9E" title="明尼蘇達州">明尼蘇達州</a>的紅狼介於郊狼與灰狼之間，並且與灰狼/郊狼混血兒具有高度相似性。線粒體DNA分析顯示現存紅狼主要來自郊狼。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分佈範圍與族群數量"><span id=".E5.88.86.E4.BD.88.E7.AF.84.E5.9C.8D.E8.88.87.E6.97.8F.E7.BE.A4.E6.95.B8.E9.87.8F"></span>分佈範圍與族群數量</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：分佈範圍與族群數量"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray_Wolf_Range.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gray_Wolf_Range.png/400px-Gray_Wolf_Range.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gray_Wolf_Range.png/600px-Gray_Wolf_Range.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gray_Wolf_Range.png/800px-Gray_Wolf_Range.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>過去和現在灰狼在全球的分佈狀況</figcaption></figure> <p>灰狼曾是地球上分佈最廣的哺乳動物，在歐亞洲最南可達北緯12度，在北美洲最南可達北緯15度。狼對於人類造成的環境改變有適應上的困難，並常被用作<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E6%A8%99%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="指標物種">指標生物</a>，用以劃定<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%8D%80" title="生態區">生態區</a>或指示環境條件如疾病暴發、污染、物種競爭、或氣候變化等的物種。灰狼似乎無法如郊狼般能適應環境受人類改變的變化。人類的擴張使郊狼的數量上升，也導致灰狼減少。 </p><p>環境因素以外，人類侵占自然棲息地也影響狼的數量，狼成為地球上受迫害最嚴重的野生動物之一。但因為多種原因人類只要看到狼就射殺，因為要取得它們的皮毛、保護自己的牲畜、甚至只是為了打獵休閒。即使只要獵物存在健康數量時，狼群鮮少攻擊牲畜，更少攻擊人。但這些原因仍使狼被視為惡毒和嗜血的象徵，其偏見更加嚴重。 </p><p>即使沒有絕種的危險，區域性的狼群仍受威脅。威脅之一是族群區隔造成的基因瓶頸。人口分佈已經造成動物小族群的孤立隔絕，因此會導致近親交配。研究顯示狼的繁殖率與基因多樣性密切相關。引入<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E4%BD%8D%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="等位基因">等位基因</a>或甚至一匹狼，都會大大影響被隔絕的狼群數量。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="亞洲"><span id=".E4.BA.9E.E6.B4.B2"></span>亞洲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：亞洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>除了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%83%8F%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="沙烏地阿拉伯">沙烏地阿拉伯</a>之外，幾乎沒有狼在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="中東">中東</a>的資訊。<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯半島">阿拉伯半島</a>估計有300-600匹狼，雖然除了以色列外在中東國家整年都被獵殺，但數量相對穩定，且受到北部人類難以接近的山、以及中部和南部沙漠的保護。在印度狼被歸類為<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="瀕危物種">瀕危物種</a>，估計數量在800-3000頭，分散在數個殘餘的族群。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>，除了在保留區內，否則狼不受保護。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="歐洲"><span id=".E6.AD.90.E6.B4.B2"></span>歐洲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：歐洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>18世紀時，除了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭">愛爾蘭</a>以外，狼在歐洲分佈廣泛。19世紀和二次世界大戰後，狼便從中歐和北歐所有國家絕跡。殘餘的狼分佈在<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘">希臘</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="芬蘭">芬蘭</a>。雖然歐亞狼在歐洲一些地區被自然復育，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>，2011年荷蘭有數起目擊狼的報告。最大的族群在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐">東歐</a>，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="巴尔干">巴爾幹</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>。多數情況下，狼的數量普遍被視為穩定和增加中，但並非全部。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伯恩會議國（页面不存在）">伯恩會議國</a>，因為顧慮狼會捕食牲畜和狗，以及與獵人競爭獵物，成員國內的限制因素之一就包括對狼缺乏接受度（特別是狼數量回升的區域）。雖然適當規範獵狼與控制狼數量已被廣泛接受，並認為維持狼數量與經濟可接受程度是相容的，但過度捕獵和偷獵仍被確認是限制歐洲狼數量的主要因素。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美洲"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E6.B4.B2"></span>美洲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：美洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>狼曾經一度分佈在北美多數地區，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="墨西哥市">墨西哥市</a>以北。在美國灰狼曾經從西岸，包括整個加州，開始散佈東到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德克薩斯州">德州</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="宾夕法尼亚州">賓州</a>中部，此線以南灰狼已被<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%8B%BC" title="紅狼">紅狼</a>所取代，到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>岸和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="墨西哥灣">墨西哥灣</a>。現今，它們的狀況在每個地方都有差異，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F" title="美國本土">美國本土</a>，灰狼在20世紀幾乎完全被消滅殆盡，包括灰狼曾經散佈的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="密西根州">密西根州</a>以東的所有州。另一方面<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉斯加">阿拉斯加</a>狼數量仍以千計，同時維持很好的生物條件。從1970年代開始，狼的散佈已經從加拿大擴展到北洛磯山脈，它們南遷到<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%A4%A7%E6%8B%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="蒙大拿州">蒙大拿州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="華盛頓州">華盛頓州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E9%81%94%E8%8D%B7%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="愛達荷州">愛達荷州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E4%BF%84%E6%98%8E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="懷俄明州">懷俄明州</a>。1994年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E9%81%94%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="亞伯達省">亞伯達省</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英屬哥倫比亞">英屬哥倫比亞</a>的狼被捕捉送到從1930年代起就絕跡了的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="黃石國家公園">黃石國家公園</a>。Isle Royale島上有個小的孤立族群相信將受到缺乏基因多樣性效應的傷害。從1991年起，族群從50頭衰減為12頭，研究顯示此數量衰減與allozyme heterozygosity降低 50 % 一致。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="非洲"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E6.B4.B2"></span>非洲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：非洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2011年確信埃及、利比亞、伊索匹亞有狼存在。比較<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%83%A1%E7%8B%BC" title="亞洲胡狼">亞洲胡狼</a>的mtDNA序列，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全北方狼（页面不存在）">全北方狼</a>（大部分現代狼的始祖），印度狼、及喜馬拉雅狼（被認為比全北方狼譜系更古老的譜系）顯示北非狼較接近印度和喜馬拉雅狼，而離亞洲胡狼較遠。這與過去的認知不同。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="與人類關係"><span id=".E8.88.87.E4.BA.BA.E9.A1.9E.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>與人類關係</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：與人類關係"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="捕獵牲畜與狗"><span id=".E6.8D.95.E7.8D.B5.E7.89.B2.E7.95.9C.E8.88.87.E7.8B.97"></span>捕獵牲畜與狗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：捕獵牲畜與狗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinook2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Chinook2.gif/220px-Chinook2.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Chinook2.gif/330px-Chinook2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Chinook2.gif 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="289" /></a><figcaption><i>等待契努克人</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Marion_Russell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Marion Russell（页面不存在）">Charles Marion Russell</a>所繪, 描述狼群圍攻公牛</figcaption></figure> <p>狼捕獵牲畜是人類獵殺狼的主因之一，同時對狼的保育構成嚴重威脅。 </p><p>除了經濟損失，狼狩獵的威脅給畜牧業者很大壓力，並且除了消滅狼以外，沒有簡單解決辦法防止這種攻擊發生。一般來說，狼在野生獵物短缺時，才會攻擊牲畜。在歐亞有部份狼的食物來源大量依賴人類豢養的牲畜。但在北美，野生獵物的數量大量的復育，這種攻擊牲畜的例子就很少。然而，某些狼會攻擊牲畜“成癮”，因為有蹄類牲畜的胃比野生草食動物胃的燃燒熱、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%87%8F" title="熱量">熱量</a>高。 </p><p>損失主要發生在夏季放牧季節，位於沒有看管偏遠草地的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B2%E7%95%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="牲畜">牲畜</a>最容易受狼攻擊，某些國家提供補償<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="政策">政策</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="保險">保險</a>，彌補<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟">經濟</a>損失，在歐洲羊是最常見被狼襲擊的牲畜，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E5%9C%B0%E9%82%A3%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯堪地那維亞">斯堪地那維亞</a>是牧養的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%B4%E9%B9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="馴鹿">馴鹿</a>，北美是<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛">家牛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E9%9B%9E" title="火雞">火雞</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="山羊">家山羊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="馬">馬</a>。由於狼傾向從後方攻擊大型獵物，所以牛比馬更容易受害，因為馬向後踢很有威力，防衛後方的能力比較好。 </p><p>不同亞種的狼對獵物的偏好不同，體型小的狼很少襲擊成年的牛，而大的北方狼可以殺死牛。 </p><p>單一次攻擊中殺害獵物數量依種類不同，大部份對牛和馬的攻擊中，受害數量是一頭。但如果是火雞、羊、馴鹿，數量就會增加。雖然狼有時會進犯到牲畜的圍籬之內，但它們主要在牲畜野放時進行攻擊。 </p><p>大型牲畜因狼襲擊受傷害還包括斷尾、耳朵、以及下半部肢體。某些例子中，狼不需要真正攻擊到牲畜，牲畜看見狼所承受的緊張壓力，就會可能導致<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="流產">流產</a>、體重減輕、肉質下降。 </p><p>在俄國，狼似乎影響迷途或野狗數量。在攻擊有人陪伴的狗時，狼可能展現不尋常的大膽行為，有時會忽略旁邊的人。狼攻擊狗可能發生在屋子附近，也可能在森林。在村莊邊緣，狼會安排對狗的伏擊，一匹狼引誘狗跟隨它，並把狗引向另一匹狼。在某些地區，<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B2%E7%95%9C%E8%AD%B7%E8%A1%9B%E7%8A%AC" title="牲畜護衛犬">牲畜護衛犬</a>會配戴<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%8B%BC%E9%A0%85%E5%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="防狼項圈">防狼項圈</a>，來保護他們防止狼攻擊，但狼可能學習避開有尖刺的項圈，就像避開鹿角，依然可能殺死護衛犬。 </p><p>狼攻擊獵犬在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E5%9C%B0%E9%82%A3%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯堪地那維亞">斯堪地那維亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%B7%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%9E" title="威斯康辛州">威斯康辛州</a>都是主要問題。斯堪地那維亞最常被殺死的狗種是<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%8E%E5%85%94%E7%8A%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="猎兔犬">獵兔犬</a>，較年長的獵犬特別危險。因為它們比年輕的犬更積極，同時對狼的反應也不同。 </p><p>狼對狗的傷害多數在背部、臀部、及後腿。致命傷多在後頸部。大型獵犬如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E7%8D%B5%E9%B9%BF%E7%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞典獵鹿犬（页面不存在）">瑞典獵鹿犬</a>比較能從狼的攻擊中存活下來，因為它們比較能自我防衛。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="獵狼"><span id=".E7.8D.B5.E7.8B.BC"></span>獵狼</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：獵狼"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfskidor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Wolfskidor.jpg/220px-Wolfskidor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Wolfskidor.jpg/330px-Wolfskidor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Wolfskidor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>在雪橇上獵狼</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grabill_-_Roping_gray_wolf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Grabill_-_Roping_gray_wolf.jpg/220px-Grabill_-_Roping_gray_wolf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Grabill_-_Roping_gray_wolf.jpg/330px-Grabill_-_Roping_gray_wolf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Grabill_-_Roping_gray_wolf.jpg/440px-Grabill_-_Roping_gray_wolf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5113" data-file-height="3603" /></a><figcaption>騎馬的牛仔套住一匹狼，<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E4%BF%84%E6%98%8E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="懷俄明州">懷俄明州</a>, 1887年</figcaption></figure> <p>由於狼的性格難以捉模、感官敏銳、長距離奔跑耐力極佳、並且能迅速殺害獵狗，所以獵狼非常困難。 </p><p>歷史上曾設計過許多捕狼方法，在牲畜受狼威脅的地區，到狼穴消滅春天出生的幼狼是確定可以削減狼數量的辦法。用獵犬追捕狼時通常並用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="視覺獵犬（页面不存在）">視覺獵犬</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%91%B3%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣味獵犬（页面不存在）">氣味獵犬</a>、及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%B5%E7%8B%90%E7%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="獵狐犬（页面不存在）">獵狐犬</a>。視覺獵犬追逐並減緩狼移動速度，直到較重的獵犬到達與狼搏鬥。但除了儘可能安靜、隱藏等待的辦法外，獵狼主要發生的地點對狗來說都過於崎嶇，使得用這種方法獵狼幾乎和獵美洲獅一樣困難。想偷偷靠近狼幾乎不可能，即使是狼睡覺的時候，狼的聽覺依舊敏銳。 </p><p>一度曾用<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E6%9C%A8%E9%B3%96%E7%A2%B1" title="番木鳖碱">番木鱉鹼</a>毒狼，但如今已不常見，因為這也導致其它動物被毒死，並且狼通常也學會避開毒餌。毒狼最佳的時間是夏末秋初，當幼狼開始探險，會吃掉尚未學會應該避開的食物。 </p><p>沒有人類氣味長留的腳踏陷阱也有效，許多北美原住民部落喜歡用陷阱捕捉狼，有時用氣味引誘，通常是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%BA" title="水獺">水獺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF" title="鹿">鹿</a>肉、狼尿，或餌如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="馬">馬</a>肉。但陷阱並非萬靈丹，因為狼極佳的視力，即便是在夜晚，狼都能察覺隱藏陷阱的破綻。有被捕捉經驗的狼也會教導幼狼避開。 </p><p>獵狼時<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%B1%E8%97%8F%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隱藏所（页面不存在）">隱藏所</a>可能也有效，但不常使用，因為這種方法需要很有耐心等待。在俄國常用的方法包括用帶有人氣味的旗桿將狼群包圍在小範圍內，這種方法建立在狼害怕人氣味的基礎上，雖然如此，當狼習慣於人的氣味時，這樣做就會失效。有些獵人能學狼嚎引誘狼，特別是在冬季和狼的交配季節。<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="哈薩克">哈薩克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>傳統上用鷹和獵鷹來獵狼，雖然這種方法越來越少使用，因為有經驗的獵鷹人越來越少。從飛機上射殺狼很有效，因為空中視野比從地面好。雖然這種方法頗受爭議，因為它使狼幾乎沒有機會逃脫或自衛。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="狼皮應用"><span id=".E7.8B.BC.E7.9A.AE.E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>狼皮應用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：狼皮應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timberwolf-jacket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Timberwolf-jacket.jpg/220px-Timberwolf-jacket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Timberwolf-jacket.jpg/330px-Timberwolf-jacket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Timberwolf-jacket.jpg/440px-Timberwolf-jacket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1268" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>狼皮大衣</figcaption></figure> <p>狼的皮毛主要用如女性的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8D%E5%B7%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="圍巾">圍巾</a>、以及裝飾衣裙。雖然有時用來做<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%BE%E5%85%8B" title="夾克">夾克</a>、短<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%AB%E8%82%A9_(%E5%A4%96%E5%A5%97)" title="披肩 (外套)">披肩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%A3" title="大衣">大衣</a>、軟<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9D%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="皮靴">皮靴</a>、以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AF%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="毯子">毯子</a>。 </p><p>狼皮的品質取決於狼皮纖維的密度和強度，這些因素使狼毛保持直立以及動人的蓬鬆感。這些特性主要集中在北方狼群，越往南因為氣候溫暖，所以品質越差。北方狼群的皮毛是最貴的，因為它們比歐亞狼更滑軟蓬鬆。用毒藥毒死的狼皮幾乎沒有價值。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>的歐洲，雖然由於狼皮有臭味所以真正使用不多，但狼皮仍被視為狼唯一的價值。 </p><p>在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E5%9C%B0%E9%82%A3%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯堪地那維亞民俗（页面不存在）">斯堪地那維亞民俗</a>傳說中狼皮<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9F%E8%85%B0" title="束腰">束腰</a>可以幫助穿戴的人轉變為狼人。許多美洲原住民用狼皮毛作藥。有些<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%B4%90%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="因紐特人">依努特人</a>喜歡狗皮勝於狼皮，但因狼皮較為薄，而且縫的時候比較容易撕。北美<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%8F" title="波尼族">波尼族</a>人在刺探敵人領地時會穿狼皮披肩。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="美國陸軍">美國陸軍</a>在二戰後期用狼皮做<a href="/wiki/Parka" class="mw-redirect" title="Parka">防寒外套</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>從1976到1988每年生產30,000件狼皮。依據<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E8%87%A8%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%95%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="瀕臨絕種野生動植物國際貿易公約">瀕臨絕種野生動植物國際貿易公約</a>組織統計每年有60,000-70,000件狼皮在國際上交易，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="前蘇聯">前蘇聯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>是最大出口國，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>是最大進口國。總體而言獲取狼皮對狼整體數量影響不大，因為僅有北方狼的皮有商業價值，而北方狼數量穩定。獵取狼皮對許多北美原住民仍是有利可圖的收入來源。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="馴化與豢養"><span id=".E9.A6.B4.E5.8C.96.E8.88.87.E8.B1.A2.E9.A4.8A"></span>馴化與豢養</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：馴化與豢養"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray_wolves_WSC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gray_wolves_WSC.jpg/220px-Gray_wolves_WSC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gray_wolves_WSC.jpg/330px-Gray_wolves_WSC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gray_wolves_WSC.jpg/440px-Gray_wolves_WSC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1454" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>狼科學中心裏豢養的狼依手勢指令行動</figcaption></figure> <p>狼被飼養為寵物的數量日漸增多，估計單就美國就有80-200萬頭狼為私人擁有。狼的馴化比狗難預測、也難管理。一般來說家犬會改變行為，去適應飼主，但不要期望狼也會如此。幼犬在十週內都可以適應人類的社會化，但幼狼超過19天就無法如此。由於狼奶含有比狗的替代奶品更高比例的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%83%BA%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="精胺酸">精胺酸</a>，幼狼在斷奶前需要精胺酸補充品，否則可能會導致幼狼發生<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%85%A7%E9%9A%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="白內障">白內障</a>。 </p><p>狼的獵捕行為缺乏替代機轉，因此當其獵捕天性受刺激時，其行為無法完全信任。相對的，狗通常可以接受陌生者，並將陌生者幾乎視為其群體的延伸，但隨著狼的年齡增加，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%87%E5%A4%96" title="仇外">仇外</a>性會升高，更難容忍陌生者。狗會主動與人類形成社會連結，但狼只有在沒有成年狼存在時，幼狼才可能與人類建立社會連結。普通一歲以內的幼狼不會對陌生者具有明顯的攻擊性，然而其侵略性會隨年齡增加，特別是在交配季節，雄性的狼通常比雌性更具侵略性。狼通常很難圈養，因為其觀察學習能力勝過狗，它們能從觀察人類行為中進行學習，例如可以很快學會如何打開牢籠的栓。一旦狼學會如何逃離牢籠，就很難再被圈養。 </p><p>雖然狼是可訓練的，但它們訓練的效果與可追蹤性比狗難以預測。通常它們對於包含恐懼、刺激、厭惡和力量等的強制性技巧的反應不像狗那般明顯。而且比大多數的狗需要更多的訓練工作，才能達到類似的結果。即便如此，某些動作反覆數次後，狼會覺得無趣而忽略後續命令。正面條件和獎賞比較能取得狼的回應，但簡單的口語讚美對狼來說不如狗那樣有效，與狗不同，狼對於手勢等肢體動作的反應要強過口語。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文化中的角色"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E8.A7.92.E8.89.B2"></span>文化中的角色</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：文化中的角色"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>狼本身並無所謂狡猾或貪婪之本性，但狼在狩獵時的習性以及智慧，在農耕民族文化中往往被引申為凶殘惡毒，並用來形容貪婪，凶邪或忘恩負義的人<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83"></span>參考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%BC&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：參考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/48px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/64px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:生物学">生物学主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li>脊椎動物百科—哺乳類（金鼎出版）</li> <li>哺乳類動物百科（貓頭鷹出版社）</li> <li>維基百科英文網頁Gray Wolf</li></ul> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Boitani, L.; Phillips, M.; Jhala, Y. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/3746/163508960"><i>Canis lupus</i></a>. <span></span><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄">The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i><span></span>. 2018, <b>2018</b>: e.T3746A163508960 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-11-19</span>]</span>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T3746A163508960.en"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T3746A163508960.en</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" 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</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203100154/http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml">Appendices | CITES</a>. cites.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-01-14</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%BC&rft.atitle=Appendices+%7C+CITES&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cites.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcites.org%2Feng%2Fapp%2Fappendices.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linnaeus1758-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span 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Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I 10. Holmiæ (Stockholm): Laurentius Salvius. 1758: 39–40 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到拉丁语网页">（拉丁语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%BC&rft.atitle=Canis+Lupus&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.aulast=Linn%C3%A6us&rft.btitle=Systema+natur%C3%A6+per+regna+tria+natur%C3%A6%2C+secundum+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera%2C+species%2C+cum+characteribus%2C+differentiis%2C+synonymis%2C+locis.+Tomus+I&rft.date=1758&rft.edition=10&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=39-40&rft.place=Holmi%C3%A6+%28Stockholm%29&rft.pub=Laurentius+Salvius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcarolilinnisys00linn%2Fpage%2F39&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wei FuWen(魏辅文),Hu YiBo(胡义波), et al, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sp2000.org.cn/species/show_species_details/f49d615322d949ba98c246b6efc3f80d"><i>Canis lupus</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20240427083958/http://sp2000.org.cn/species/show_species_details/f49d615322d949ba98c246b6efc3f80d">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） in Catalogue of Life China: 2023 Annual Checklist (中国生物物种名录：2023版), Beijing, China.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Palacios, Vicente; Font, Enrique; Márquez, Rafael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/88/3/606/1065987">Iberian Wolf Howls: Acoustic Structure, Individual Variation, and a Comparison with North American Populations</a>. Journal of Mammalogy. 2007-06-01, <b>88</b> (3): 606–613 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-05-29</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2372"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0022-2372</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1644%2F06-MAMM-A-151R1.1"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1644/06-MAMM-A-151R1.1</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422183718/https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/88/3/606/1065987">存档</a>于2021-04-22） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%BC&rft.atitle=Iberian+Wolf+Howls%3A+Acoustic+Structure%2C+Individual+Variation%2C+and+a+Comparison+with+North+American+Populations&rft.au=Font%2C+Enrique&rft.au=M%C3%A1rquez%2C+Rafael&rft.aufirst=Vicente&rft.aulast=Palacios&rft.date=2007-06-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0022-2372&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.pages=606-613&rft.volume=88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fjmammal%2Farticle%2F88%2F3%2F606%2F1065987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1644%2F06-MAMM-A-151R1.1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author2=</code>和<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|last2=</code>只需其一 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#redundant_parameters" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author3=</code>和<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|last3=</code>只需其一 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#redundant_parameters" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-young121-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-young121_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYoungJackson1978">Young & Jackson 1978</a>，第121–24頁<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFYoungJackson1978 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://okapi.books.com.tw/article/16094">【高中生讀什麼✈】為什麼狼是惡人？狐狸狡猾？羊代表善良？驢子永遠傻乎乎？ ——《伊索寓言》告訴我們的事</a>. OKAPI閱讀生活誌. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726081115/https://okapi.books.com.tw/article/16094">存档</a>于2024-07-26） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8B%BC&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD%E7%94%9F%E8%AE%80%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E2%9C%88%E3%80%91%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E7%8B%BC%E6%98%AF%E6%83%A1%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%9F%E7%8B%90%E7%8B%B8%E7%8B%A1%E7%8C%BE%EF%BC%9F%E7%BE%8A%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%96%84%E8%89%AF%EF%BC%9F%E9%A9%A2%E5%AD%90%E6%B0%B8%E9%81%A0%E5%82%BB%E4%B9%8E%E4%B9%8E%EF%BC%9F+%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E3%80%8A%E4%BC%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%AF%93%E8%A8%80%E3%80%8B%E5%91%8A%E8%A8%B4%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OKAPI%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E8%AA%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fokapi.books.com.tw%2Farticle%2F16094&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Canis_lupus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Canis lupus"><span style="font-weight:bold;">狼</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="維基物種">維基物種</a>上的相關信息：<b><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus?uselang=zh">狼</a></b></div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%A3%9F%E8%82%89%E7%9B%AE" title="Template:食肉目"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%A3%9F%E8%82%89%E7%9B%AE" title="Template talk:食肉目"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%A3%9F%E8%82%89%E7%9B%AE" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:食肉目"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="现存食肉目物种" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">现存<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%82%89%E7%9B%AE" title="食肉目">食肉目</a>物种</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>界：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="动物">动物</a></li> <li>门：<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="脊索动物">脊索动物</a></li> <li>纲：<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳动物">哺乳动物</a></li> <li>下纲：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%8D%B8%E4%B8%8B%E7%B6%B1" title="真獸下綱">真獸下綱</a></li> <li>总目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E4%BA%9E%E7%8D%B8%E7%B8%BD%E7%9B%AE" title="勞亞獸總目">勞亞獸總目</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="貓型亞目" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%93%E5%9E%8B%E4%BA%9E%E7%9B%AE" title="貓型亞目">貓型亞目</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90%E7%8C%AB" title="非洲椰子猫">雙斑狸科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="非洲椰子猫属" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90%E7%8C%AB" title="非洲椰子猫">非洲椰子猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90%E7%8C%AB" title="非洲椰子猫">非洲椰子猫（<i>N. binotata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B4%E7%A7%91" title="獴科">獴科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4%E7%8D%B4" title="沼澤獴">沼澤獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4%E7%8D%B4" title="沼澤獴">沼澤獴（<i>A. paludinosus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E7%8D%B4%E5%B1%AC" title="臭獴屬">臭獴屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Bushy-tailed mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bushy-tailed mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bushy-tailed_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bushy-tailed mongoose（页面不存在）">Bushy-tailed mongoose (<i>B. crassicauda</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Bushy-tailed mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bushy-tailed mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Jackson's mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jackson's mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson%27s_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jackson's mongoose（页面不存在）">Jackson's mongoose (<i>B. jacksoni</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Jackson's mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jackson's mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Black-footed mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Black-footed mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black-footed_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black-footed mongoose（页面不存在）">Black-footed mongoose (<i>B. nigripes</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Black-footed mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Black-footed mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%AF%9B%E7%8D%B4%E5%B1%AC" title="長毛獴屬">長毛獴屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Alexander's kusimanse" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alexander's kusimanse"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander%27s_kusimanse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander's kusimanse（页面不存在）">Alexander's kusimanse (<i>C. alexandri</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse" class="extiw" title="en:Alexander's kusimanse"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alexander's kusimanse</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Angolan kusimanse" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Angolan kusimanse"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angolan_kusimanse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angolan kusimanse（页面不存在）">Angolan kusimanse (<i>C. ansorgei</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse" class="extiw" title="en:Angolan kusimanse"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Angolan kusimanse</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Common kusimanse" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Common kusimanse"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_kusimanse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common kusimanse（页面不存在）">Common kusimanse (<i>C. obscurus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_kusimanse" class="extiw" title="en:Common kusimanse"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Common kusimanse</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Flat-headed kusimanse" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flat-headed kusimanse"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flat-headed_kusimanse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flat-headed kusimanse（页面不存在）">Flat-headed kusimanse (<i>C. platycephalus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse" class="extiw" title="en:Flat-headed kusimanse"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flat-headed kusimanse</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E5%B0%BE%E7%8D%B4" title="筆尾獴">筆尾獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E5%B0%BE%E7%8D%B4" title="筆尾獴">筆尾獴（<i>C. penicillata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E7%8D%B4" title="草原獴">草原獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E7%8D%B4" title="草原獴">草原獴（<i>D. dybowskii</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%82%E7%8D%B4%E5%B1%AC" title="貂獴屬">貂獴屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Angolan slender mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Angolan slender mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angolan_slender_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angolan slender mongoose（页面不存在）">Angolan slender mongoose (<i>G. flavescens</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Angolan slender mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Angolan slender mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Black mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Black mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black mongoose（页面不存在）">Black mongoose (<i>G. nigrata</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Black mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Black mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Somalian slender mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Somalian slender mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalian_slender_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somalian slender mongoose（页面不存在）">Somalian slender mongoose (<i>G. ochracea</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Somalian slender mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Somalian slender mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Cape gray mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cape gray mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_gray_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape gray mongoose（页面不存在）">Cape gray mongoose (<i>G. pulverulenta</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Cape gray mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cape gray mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Slender mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slender mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slender_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slender mongoose（页面不存在）">Slender mongoose (<i>G. sanguinea</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slender_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Slender mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slender mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%8D%B4%E5%B1%AC" title="侏獴屬">侏獴屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose（页面不存在）">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (<i>H. hirtula</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%8D%B4" title="侏獴">侏獴（<i>H. parvula</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B4%E5%B1%9E" title="獴属">獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E5%B0%BE%E7%8D%B4" title="短尾獴">短尾獴（<i>H. brachyurus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E7%8D%B4" title="灰獴">灰獴（<i>H. edwardsii</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%90%E7%8D%B4" title="褐獴">褐獴（<i>H. fuscus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E7%8D%B4" title="埃及獴">埃及獴（<i>H. ichneumon</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E9%A0%B0%E7%8D%B4" title="紅頰獴">紅頰獴（<i>H. javanicus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E9%BC%BB%E7%8D%B4" title="长鼻獴">长鼻獴（<i>H. naso</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%86%E7%8D%B4" title="领獴">领獴（<i>H. semitorquatus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%8D%B4" title="赤獴">赤獴（<i>H. smithii</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9F%B9%E7%8D%B4" title="食蟹獴">食蟹獴（<i>H. urva</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B9%E9%A2%88%E7%8D%B4" title="纹颈獴">纹颈獴（<i>H. vitticollis</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B0%BE%E7%8D%B4" title="白尾獴">白尾獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B0%BE%E7%8D%B4" title="白尾獴">白尾獴（<i>I. albicauda</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%B0%8F%E7%8D%B4" title="庫氏獴">庫氏獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%B0%8F%E7%8D%B4" title="庫氏獴">庫氏獴（<i>L. kuhni</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%9F%E7%8D%B4%E5%B1%9E" title="缟獴属">缟獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Gambian mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gambian mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambian_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambian mongoose（页面不存在）">Gambian mongoose (<i>M. gambianus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambian_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Gambian mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gambian mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%9F%E7%8D%B4" title="缟獴">缟獴（<i>M. mungo</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞氏獴属" data-lang-code="pl" data-lang-name="波兰语" data-foreign-title="Mangatka"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E6%B0%8F%E7%8D%B4%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞氏獴属（页面不存在）">塞氏獴属</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">波兰语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangatka" class="extiw" title="pl:Mangatka"><span lang="pl" dir="auto">Mangatka</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞氏獴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Selous' mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E6%B0%8F%E7%8D%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞氏獴（页面不存在）">塞氏獴（<i>P. selousi</i>）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selous%27_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Selous' mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Selous' mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%B0%8F%E7%8D%B4" title="梅氏獴">梅氏獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%B0%8F%E7%8D%B4" title="梅氏獴">梅氏獴（<i>R. melleri</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E7%8D%B4" title="狐獴">狐獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E7%8D%B4" title="狐獴">狐獴（<i>S. suricatta</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97%E7%A7%91" title="鬣狗科">鬣狗科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%91%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97" title="斑鬣狗">斑鬣狗属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%91%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97" title="斑鬣狗">斑鬣狗（<i>C. crocuta</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97%E5%B1%9E" title="鬣狗属">鬣狗属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%90%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97" class="mw-redirect" title="褐鬣狗">褐鬣狗（<i>H. brunnea</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97" title="条纹鬣狗">条纹鬣狗（<i>H. hyaena</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E7%8B%BC" title="土狼">土狼属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E7%8B%BC" title="土狼">土狼（<i>P. cristatus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E7%A7%91" title="猫科">猫科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">见下方列表</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E7%8C%AB%E7%A7%91" title="灵猫科">灵猫科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">见下方列表</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9F%BB%E7%8B%B8%E7%A7%91" title="食蟻狸科">食蟻狸科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">见下方列表</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="猫科" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E7%A7%91" title="猫科">猫科</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E4%BA%9A%E7%A7%91" title="猫亚科">猫亚科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%AC" title="獵豹屬">猎豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%8E%E8%B1%B9" title="猎豹">猎豹（<i>A. jubatus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B0%E8%B2%93%E5%B1%AC" title="獰貓屬">獰貓屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B0%E8%B2%93" title="獰貓">獰貓（<i>C. caracal</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%91%E8%B2%93" title="非洲金貓">非洲金貓（<i>C. aurata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%B2%93%E5%B1%AC" title="金貓屬">金貓屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%91%E8%B2%93" title="婆羅洲金貓">婆羅洲金貓（<i>C. badia</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%B2%93" title="金貓">金貓（<i>C. temminckii</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%93%E5%B1%AC" title="貓屬">貓屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E8%B2%93" title="歐洲野貓">歐洲野貓（<i>F. silvestris</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%8E%E7%8C%AB" title="亚非野猫">非洲野貓（<i>F. lybica</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9B%E6%9E%97%E7%8C%AB" title="丛林猫">丛林猫（<i>F. chaus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%B6%B3%E8%B2%93" title="黑足貓">黑足貓（<i>F. nigripes</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0%E7%8C%AB" title="沙漠猫">沙漠猫（<i>F. margarita</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%92%E6%BC%A0%E8%B2%93" title="荒漠貓">荒漠貓（<i>F. bieti</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB" title="猫">猫（<i>F. catus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E8%B2%93%E5%B1%AC" title="虎貓屬">虎貓屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E8%B2%93" title="虎貓">虎貓（<i>L. pardalis</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B0%BE%E8%99%8E%E8%B2%93" title="長尾虎貓">長尾虎貓（<i>L. wiedii</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E7%8C%AB" title="潘帕斯猫">潘帕斯猫（<i>L. colocola</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B0%8F%E8%B2%93" title="喬氏貓">喬氏貓（<i>L. geoffroyi</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%9E%97%E8%B2%93" title="南美林貓">南美林貓（<i>L. guigna</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%9F%E8%B2%93" title="山原貓">山原貓（<i>L. jacobita</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%96%91%E8%99%8E%E8%B2%93" title="小斑虎貓">小斑虎貓（<i>L. tigrinus</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Southern tigrina" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern tigrina"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_tigrina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern tigrina（页面不存在）">Southern tigrina (<i>L. guttulus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_tigrina" class="extiw" title="en:Southern tigrina"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern tigrina</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%AA%E8%B2%93" title="藪貓">薮猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%AA%E8%B2%93" title="藪貓">藪貓（<i>L. serval</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%9E%E7%8C%81%E5%B1%AC" title="猞猁屬">猞猁屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E7%8C%9E%E7%8C%81" title="加拿大猞猁">加拿大猞猁（<i>L. canadensis</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E7%8C%9E%E7%8C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="歐亞猞猁">歐亞猞猁（<i>L. lynx</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8C%9E%E7%8C%81" title="伊比利亞猞猁">伊比利亞猞猁（<i>L. pardinus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E5%B0%BE%E8%B2%93" title="短尾貓">短尾貓（<i>L. rufus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%94%E7%8C%BB" title="兔猻">兔猻屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%94%E7%8C%BB" title="兔猻">兔猻（<i>O. manul</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纹猫属" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pardofelis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8B%E8%B2%93%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="紋貓屬">纹猫属</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardofelis" class="extiw" title="en:Pardofelis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pardofelis</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B9%E7%8C%AB" title="纹猫">纹猫（<i>P. marmorata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E8%B2%93%E5%B1%AC" title="豹貓屬">豹貓屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E8%B2%93" title="漁貓">漁貓（<i>P. viverrinus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E8%B2%93" title="豹貓">豹貓（<i>P. bengalensis</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Prionailurus javanensis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prionailurus javanensis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prionailurus_javanensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prionailurus javanensis（页面不存在）">Sundaland leopard cat (<i>P. javanensis</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prionailurus_javanensis" class="extiw" title="en:Prionailurus javanensis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prionailurus javanensis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%81%E9%A0%AD%E8%B1%B9%E8%B2%93" title="扁頭豹貓">扁頭豹貓（<i>P. planiceps</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8F%BD%E6%96%91%E8%B1%B9%E8%B2%93" title="鏽斑豹貓">鏽斑豹貓（<i>P. rubiginosus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%91%E7%8C%AB%E5%B1%9E" title="美洲金猫属">美洲金猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E7%8B%AE" title="美洲狮">美洲狮（<i>P. concolor</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%85%B0%E8%B2%93" title="細腰貓">細腰貓屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%85%B0%E8%B2%93" title="細腰貓">細腰貓（<i>H. yagouaroundi</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E4%BA%9A%E7%A7%91" title="豹亚科">豹亚科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="豹属" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%9E" title="豹属">豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AE" title="狮">狮（<i>P. leo</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E8%B1%B9" title="美洲豹">美洲豹（<i>P. onca</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9" title="豹">豹（<i>P. pardus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E" title="虎">虎（<i>P. tigris</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E8%B1%B9" title="雪豹">雪豹（<i>P. uncia</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%AC" title="雲豹屬">雲豹屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E8%B1%B9" title="雲豹">雲豹（<i>N. nebulosa</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%BD%E4%BB%96%E4%BA%91%E8%B1%B9" title="巽他云豹">巽他云豹（<i>N. diardi</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="灵猫科（包括麝貓）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E7%8C%AB%E7%A7%91" title="灵猫科">灵猫科</a><small>（包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%9D%E8%B2%93" title="麝貓">麝貓</a>）</small></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E6%AB%9A%E8%B2%8D%E4%BA%9E%E7%A7%91" title="棕櫚貍亞科">棕櫚貍亞科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E7%8B%B8" title="熊狸">熊狸属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E7%8B%B8" title="熊狸">熊狸（<i>A. binturong</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BD%BF%E7%8B%B8" title="小齿狸">小齿狸属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BD%BF%E7%8B%B8" title="小齿狸">小齿狸（<i>A. trivirgata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%B0%8F%E7%81%B5%E7%8C%AB" title="马氏灵猫">马氏灵猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%B0%8F%E7%81%B5%E7%8C%AB" title="马氏灵猫">马氏灵猫（<i>M. musschenbroekii</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%AD%90%E7%8B%B8" title="果子狸">果子狸属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%AD%90%E7%8B%B8" title="果子狸">果子狸（<i>P. larvata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90%E7%8C%AB%E5%B1%9E" title="椰子猫属">椰子猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Paradoxurus aureus" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paradoxurus aureus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradoxurus_aureus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paradoxurus aureus（页面不存在）">Golden wet-zone palm civet (<i>P. aureus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxurus_aureus" class="extiw" title="en:Paradoxurus aureus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paradoxurus aureus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90%E8%B2%93" title="椰子貓">椰子貓（<i>P. hermaphroditus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%91%E6%B0%8F%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90%E8%B2%93" title="傑氏椰子貓">傑氏椰子貓（<i>P. jerdoni</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Golden palm civet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Golden palm civet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golden_palm_civet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golden palm civet（页面不存在）">Golden palm civet (<i>P. zeylonensis</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_palm_civet" class="extiw" title="en:Golden palm civet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Golden palm civet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%9F%E7%8B%B8%E4%BA%9A%E7%A7%91" title="缟狸亚科">缟狸亚科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E9%A2%8C%E5%B8%A6%E7%8B%B8" title="长颌带狸">带狸属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E9%A2%8C%E5%B8%A6%E7%8B%B8" title="长颌带狸">长颌带狸（<i>C. owstoni</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%BA%E7%8B%B8%E8%B2%93" title="獺狸貓">獭灵猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%BA%E7%8B%B8%E8%B2%93" title="獺狸貓">獺狸貓（<i>C. bennettii</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E6%B0%8F%E7%BC%9F%E7%81%B5%E7%8C%AB" title="霍氏缟灵猫">霍氏缟灵猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E6%B0%8F%E7%BC%9F%E7%81%B5%E7%8C%AB" title="霍氏缟灵猫">霍氏缟灵猫（<i>D. hosei</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%9E%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90%E8%B2%93" title="縞椰子貓">缟椰子猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%9E%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90%E8%B2%93" title="縞椰子貓">縞椰子貓（<i>H. derbyanus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%8B%B8%E5%B1%9E" title="林狸属">林狸亚科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="林狸属" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;height:4em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%8B%B8%E5%B1%9E" title="林狸属">林狸属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%8B%E6%9E%97%E7%8B%B8" title="條紋林狸">條紋林狸（<i>P. linsang</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%91%E6%9E%97%E7%8B%B8" title="斑林狸">斑林狸（<i>P. pardicolor</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Viverrinae" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="灵猫亚科"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viverrinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viverrinae（页面不存在）">Viverrinae</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E7%8C%AB%E4%BA%9A%E7%A7%91" class="extiw" title="en:灵猫亚科"><span lang="en" dir="auto">灵猫亚科</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%9D%88%E8%B2%93" title="非洲靈貓">非洲灵猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%9D%88%E8%B2%93" title="非洲靈貓">非洲靈貓（<i>C. civetta</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%9B%E5%B1%9E" title="獛属">獛属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8D%9B" title="阿比西尼亞獛">阿比西尼亞獛 (<i>G. abyssinica</i>)</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Angolan genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Angolan genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angolan_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angolan genet（页面不存在）">Angolan genet (<i>G. angolensis</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_genet" class="extiw" title="en:Angolan genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Angolan genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Bourlon's genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bourlon's genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourlon%27s_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourlon's genet（页面不存在）">Bourlon's genet (<i>G. bourloni</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet" class="extiw" title="en:Bourlon's genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bourlon's genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Crested servaline genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crested servaline genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crested_servaline_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crested servaline genet（页面不存在）">Crested servaline genet (<i>G. cristata</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet" class="extiw" title="en:Crested servaline genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crested servaline genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Common genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Common genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common genet（页面不存在）">Common genet (<i>G. genetta</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_genet" class="extiw" title="en:Common genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Common genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Johnston's genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Johnston's genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnston%27s_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnston's genet（页面不存在）">Johnston's genet (<i>G. johnstoni</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet" class="extiw" title="en:Johnston's genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Johnston's genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Rusty-spotted genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rusty-spotted genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusty-spotted_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rusty-spotted genet（页面不存在）">Rusty-spotted genet (<i>G. maculata</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet" class="extiw" title="en:Rusty-spotted genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rusty-spotted genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pardine genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pardine genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pardine_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pardine genet（页面不存在）">Pardine genet (<i>G. pardina</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardine_genet" class="extiw" title="en:Pardine genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pardine genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%9B" title="水獛">水獛（<i>G. piscivora</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="King genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="King genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=King_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King genet（页面不存在）">King genet (<i>G. poensis</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_genet" class="extiw" title="en:King genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">King genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Servaline genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Servaline genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Servaline_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Servaline genet（页面不存在）">Servaline genet (<i>G. servalina</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servaline_genet" class="extiw" title="en:Servaline genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Servaline genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Haussa genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haussa genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haussa_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haussa genet（页面不存在）">Haussa genet (<i>G. thierryi</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haussa_genet" class="extiw" title="en:Haussa genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haussa genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Cape genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cape genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape genet（页面不存在）">Cape genet (<i>G. tigrina</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_genet" class="extiw" title="en:Cape genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cape genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Giant forest genet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Giant forest genet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giant_forest_genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giant forest genet（页面不存在）">Giant forest genet (<i>G. victoriae</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_forest_genet" class="extiw" title="en:Giant forest genet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Giant forest genet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%9E%97%E7%8B%B8%E5%B1%9E" title="非洲林狸属">非洲林狸属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="African linsang" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="African linsang"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_linsang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African linsang（页面不存在）">African linsang (<i>P. richardsonii</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_linsang" class="extiw" title="en:African linsang"><span lang="en" dir="auto">African linsang</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Leighton's linsang" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leighton's linsang"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leighton%27s_linsang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leighton's linsang（页面不存在）">Leighton's linsang (<i>P. leightoni</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leighton%27s_linsang" class="extiw" title="en:Leighton's linsang"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leighton's linsang</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E7%8C%AB%E5%B1%9E" title="灵猫属">灵猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E9%9D%88%E8%B2%93" title="馬拉巴靈貓">馬拉巴靈貓（<i>V. civettina</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%96%91%E9%9D%88%E8%B2%93" title="大斑靈貓">大斑靈貓（<i>V. megaspila</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Malayan civet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malayan civet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayan_civet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malayan civet（页面不存在）">Malayan civet (<i>V. tangalunga</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_civet" class="extiw" title="en:Malayan civet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malayan civet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%88%E8%B2%93" title="大靈貓">大靈貓（<i>V. zibetha</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9D%88%E8%B2%93" title="小靈貓">小灵猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9D%88%E8%B2%93" title="小靈貓">小靈貓（<i>V. indica</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="食蟻狸科" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9F%BB%E7%8B%B8%E7%A7%91" title="食蟻狸科">食蟻狸科</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9F%BB%E7%8B%B8%E4%BA%9E%E7%A7%91" title="食蟻狸亞科">食蟻狸亞科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B3%B6%E9%95%B7%E5%B0%BE%E7%8B%B8%E8%B2%93" title="馬島長尾狸貓">马岛獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B3%B6%E9%95%B7%E5%B0%BE%E7%8B%B8%E8%B2%93" title="馬島長尾狸貓">馬島長尾狸貓（<i>C. ferox</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9A%81%E7%8B%B8%E5%B1%9E" title="食蚁狸属">食蚁狸属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%90%BB%E9%9D%88%E8%B2%93" title="尖吻靈貓">尖吻靈貓（<i>E. goudotii</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西部食蟻狸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eupleres major"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%A3%9F%E8%9F%BB%E7%8B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西部食蟻狸（页面不存在）">西部食蟻狸 (<i>E. major</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupleres_major" class="extiw" title="en:Eupleres major"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eupleres major</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B3%B6%E9%9D%88%E8%B2%93" title="馬島靈貓">马岛灵猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B3%B6%E9%9D%88%E8%B2%93" title="馬島靈貓">馬島靈貓（<i>F. fossana</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="环尾獴亚科" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Galidiinae"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%B0%BE%E7%8D%B4%E4%BA%9A%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环尾獴亚科（页面不存在）">环尾獴亚科</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galidiinae" class="extiw" title="en:Galidiinae"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Galidiinae</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%B0%BE%E7%8D%B4" title="環尾獴">环尾獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%B0%BE%E7%8D%B4" title="環尾獴">環尾獴（<i>G. elegans</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AC%E5%B0%BE%E7%8D%B4%E5%B1%AC" title="寬尾獴屬">寬尾獴屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose（页面不存在）">Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (<i>G. fasciata</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Grandidier's mongoose" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grandidier's mongoose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grandidier%27s_mongoose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grandidier's mongoose（页面不存在）">Grandidier's mongoose (<i>G. grandidieri</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose" class="extiw" title="en:Grandidier's mongoose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Grandidier's mongoose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%84%E7%B4%8B%E7%8D%B4" title="窄紋獴">窄纹獴属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%84%E7%B4%8B%E7%8D%B4" title="窄紋獴">窄紋獴（<i>M. decemlineata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%94%E8%89%B2%E7%8D%B4%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="純色獴屬">純色獴屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%94%E8%89%B2%E7%8D%B4" title="純色獴">純色獴（<i>S. concolor</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Salanoia durrelli" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Salanoia durrelli"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salanoia_durrelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salanoia durrelli（页面不存在）">Durrell's vontsira (<i>S. durrelli</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salanoia_durrelli" class="extiw" title="en:Salanoia durrelli"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Salanoia durrelli</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="犬型亚目" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E5%9E%8B%E4%BA%9A%E7%9B%AE" title="犬型亚目">犬型亚目</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E7%A7%91" title="熊科">熊科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%93%E7%86%8A%E5%B1%AC" title="貓熊屬">大熊猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%86%8A%E7%8C%AB" title="大熊猫">大熊猫（<i>A. melanoleuca</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E7%86%8A" title="马来熊">马来熊属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E7%86%8A" title="马来熊">马来熊（<i>H. malayanus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%92%E7%86%8A" title="懒熊">懒熊属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%92%E7%86%8A" title="懒熊">懒熊（<i>M. ursinus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1%E7%86%8A" title="眼鏡熊">眼鏡熊屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1%E7%86%8A" title="眼鏡熊">眼鏡熊（<i>T. ornatus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%B1%9E" title="熊属">熊属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%BB%91%E7%86%8A" title="美洲黑熊">美洲黑熊（<i>U. americanus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%86%8A" title="棕熊">棕熊（<i>U. arctos</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E7%86%8A" title="北極熊">北極熊（<i>U. maritimus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%BB%91%E7%86%8A" title="亞洲黑熊">亞洲黑熊（<i>U. thibetanus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E9%BC%AC%E7%A7%91" title="臭鼬科">臭鼬科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%BE%E8%87%AD%E9%BC%AC%E5%B1%9E" title="獾臭鼬属">獾臭鼬属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Molina's hog-nosed skunk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Molina's hog-nosed skunk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molina's hog-nosed skunk（页面不存在）">Molina's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. chinga</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" class="extiw" title="en:Molina's hog-nosed skunk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Molina's hog-nosed skunk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%94%E6%88%88%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8D%BE%E8%87%AD%E9%BC%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="巴塔戈尼亞獾臭鼬">巴塔戈尼亞獾臭鼬（<i>C. humboldtii</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="American hog-nosed skunk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="American hog-nosed skunk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_hog-nosed_skunk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American hog-nosed skunk（页面不存在）">American hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. leuconotus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk" class="extiw" title="en:American hog-nosed skunk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">American hog-nosed skunk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Striped hog-nosed skunk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Striped hog-nosed skunk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hog-nosed_skunk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Striped hog-nosed skunk（页面不存在）">Striped hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. semistriatus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk" class="extiw" title="en:Striped hog-nosed skunk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Striped hog-nosed skunk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E9%BC%AC%E5%B1%AC" title="臭鼬屬">臭鼬屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Hooded skunk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hooded skunk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hooded_skunk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hooded skunk（页面不存在）">Hooded skunk (<i>M. macroura</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooded_skunk" class="extiw" title="en:Hooded skunk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hooded skunk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E9%BC%AC" title="臭鼬">臭鼬（<i>M. mephitis</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E7%8D%BE%E5%B1%AC" title="臭獾屬">臭獾屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sunda stink badger" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sunda stink badger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunda_stink_badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunda stink badger（页面不存在）">Sunda stink badger (<i>M. javanensis</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger" class="extiw" title="en:Sunda stink badger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sunda stink badger</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Palawan stink badger" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Palawan stink badger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palawan_stink_badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palawan stink badger（页面不存在）">Palawan stink badger (<i>M. marchei</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger" class="extiw" title="en:Palawan stink badger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Palawan stink badger</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%91%E8%87%AD%E9%BC%AC%E5%B1%AC" title="斑臭鼬屬">斑臭鼬屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Southern spotted skunk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern spotted skunk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_spotted_skunk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern spotted skunk（页面不存在）">Southern spotted skunk (<i>S. angustifrons</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_spotted_skunk" class="extiw" title="en:Southern spotted skunk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern spotted skunk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Western spotted skunk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western spotted skunk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_spotted_skunk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western spotted skunk（页面不存在）">Western spotted skunk (<i>S. gracilis</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk" class="extiw" title="en:Western spotted skunk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western spotted skunk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Eastern spotted skunk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eastern spotted skunk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_spotted_skunk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern spotted skunk（页面不存在）">Eastern spotted skunk (<i>S. putorius</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern spotted skunk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eastern spotted skunk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pygmy spotted skunk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pygmy spotted skunk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pygmy_spotted_skunk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pygmy spotted skunk（页面不存在）">Pygmy spotted skunk (<i>S. pygmaea</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk" class="extiw" title="en:Pygmy spotted skunk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pygmy spotted skunk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A%E7%A7%91" title="浣熊科">浣熊科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A%E5%B1%9E" title="犬浣熊属">犬浣熊属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Eastern lowland olingo" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eastern lowland olingo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_lowland_olingo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern lowland olingo（页面不存在）">Eastern lowland olingo (<i>B. alleni</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern lowland olingo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eastern lowland olingo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B0%8F%E7%8A%AC%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A" title="加氏犬浣熊">加氏犬浣熊（<i>B. gabbii</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Western lowland olingo" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western lowland olingo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_lowland_olingo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western lowland olingo（页面不存在）">Western lowland olingo (<i>B. medius</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo" class="extiw" title="en:Western lowland olingo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western lowland olingo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E7%8A%AC%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A" title="小型犬浣熊">小型犬浣熊（<i>B. neblina</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E5%B0%BE%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A%E5%B1%9E" title="蓬尾浣熊属">蓬尾浣熊属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ring-tailed cat" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ring-tailed cat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ring-tailed_cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ring-tailed cat（页面不存在）">Ring-tailed cat (<i>B. astutus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-tailed_cat" class="extiw" title="en:Ring-tailed cat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ring-tailed cat</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E8%93%AC%E5%B0%BE%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A" title="中美蓬尾浣熊">中美蓬尾浣熊（<i>B. sumichrasti</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A%E5%B1%9E" title="南美浣熊属">南美浣熊属</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal;">（包括<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Coati" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coati"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coati（页面不存在）">Coati</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coati" class="extiw" title="en:Coati"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coati</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%BC%BB%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A" title="白鼻浣熊">白鼻浣熊（<i>N. narica</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="South American coati" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="South American coati"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_American_coati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South American coati（页面不存在）">South American coati (<i>N. nasua</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_coati" class="extiw" title="en:South American coati"><span lang="en" dir="auto">South American coati</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="长鼻浣熊属" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nasuella"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E9%BC%BB%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长鼻浣熊属（页面不存在）">长鼻浣熊属</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasuella" class="extiw" title="en:Nasuella"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nasuella</span></a></span>）</span></span><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal;">（包括<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Coati" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coati"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coati（页面不存在）">Coati</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coati" class="extiw" title="en:Coati"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coati</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E9%BC%BB%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A" title="长鼻浣熊">长鼻浣熊（<i>N. olivacea</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Nasuella meridensis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nasuella meridensis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasuella_meridensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasuella meridensis（页面不存在）">Eastern mountain coati (<i>N. meridensis</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis" class="extiw" title="en:Nasuella meridensis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nasuella meridensis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E7%86%8A" title="蜜熊">蜜熊属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E7%86%8A" title="蜜熊">蜜熊（<i>P. flavus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A%E5%B1%AC" title="浣熊屬">浣熊屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9F%B9%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A" title="食蟹浣熊">食蟹浣熊 (<i>P. cancrivorus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A" title="浣熊">浣熊（<i>P. lotor</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%8B%8F%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%A3%E7%86%8A" title="科苏梅尔浣熊">科苏梅尔浣熊 (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%86%8A%E7%8C%AB%E7%A7%91" title="小熊猫科">小熊猫科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="小熊猫属" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%86%8A%E7%8C%AB%E5%B1%9E" title="小熊猫属">小熊猫属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%86%8A%E7%8C%AB%E5%B1%9E" title="小熊猫属">小熊猫（<i>A. fulgens</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="犬型亚目（承上）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E5%9E%8B%E4%BA%9A%E7%9B%AE" title="犬型亚目">犬型亚目</a><span style="font-weight:normal;">（承上）</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8D%85%E7%A7%91" title="海獅科">海獅科</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal;">（包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%97" title="海狗">海狗</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8D%85" title="海獅">海獅</a>）</span></span></small><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal;">（包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%B0%AD%E8%B6%B3%E9%A1%9E" title="鰭足類">鰭足類</a>）</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE%E5%B1%9E" title="毛皮海狮属">毛皮海狮属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="南美毛皮海狮">南美毛皮海狮（<i>A. australis</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BE%B3%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="新澳毛皮海狮">新澳毛皮海狮（<i>A. forsteri</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="赤道毛皮海狮">赤道毛皮海狮（<i>A. galapagoensis</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="南极毛皮海狮">南极毛皮海狮（<i>A. gazella</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="智利毛皮海狮">智利毛皮海狮（<i>A. philippii</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="非洲毛皮海狮">非洲毛皮海狮（<i>A. pusillus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="北美毛皮海狮">北美毛皮海狮（<i>A. townsendi</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B2%9B%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%97" title="安岛海狗">安岛海狗（<i>A. tropicalis</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%97" title="北海狗">北海狗属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%97" title="北海狗">北海狗（<i>C. ursinus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="北海狮">北海狮属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="北海狮">北海狮（<i>E. jubatus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%B7%E7%8D%85%E5%B1%AC" title="新海獅屬">新海獅屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E6%B5%B7%E7%8D%85" title="澳洲海獅">澳洲海獅（<i>N. cinerea</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="南海狮">南海狮属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="南海狮">南海狮（<i>O. flavescens</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="新西兰海狮">新西兰海狮属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E6%B5%B7%E7%8B%AE" title="新西兰海狮">新西兰海狮（<i>P. hookeri</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Zalophus" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zalophus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zalophus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zalophus（页面不存在）">Zalophus</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalophus" class="extiw" title="en:Zalophus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zalophus</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E6%B5%B7%E7%8D%85" title="加州海獅">加州海獅（<i>Z. californianus</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Galápagos sea lion" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Galápagos sea lion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galápagos sea lion（页面不存在）">Galápagos sea lion (<i>Z. wollebaeki</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion" class="extiw" title="en:Galápagos sea lion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Galápagos sea lion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%A1" title="海象">海象科</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal;">（包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%B0%AD%E8%B6%B3%E9%A1%9E" title="鰭足類">鰭足類</a>）</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="海象属" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;height:4em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%A1" title="海象">海象属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%A1" title="海象">海象（<i>O. rosmarus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="海豹">海豹科</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal;">（包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%B0%AD%E8%B6%B3%E9%A1%9E" title="鰭足類">Pinniped</a>）</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="冠海豹">冠海豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="冠海豹">冠海豹（<i>C. cristata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%AF%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="髯海豹">髯海豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%AF%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="髯海豹">髯海豹（<i>E. barbatus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="灰海豹">灰海豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="灰海豹">灰海豹（<i>H. grypus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="環海豹">環海豹屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="環海豹">環海豹（<i>H. fasciata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="豹海豹">豹海豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="豹海豹">豹海豹（<i>H. leptonyx</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E6%B0%8F%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="韋德爾氏海豹">韦德尔氏海豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E6%B0%8F%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="韋德爾氏海豹">韋德爾氏海豹（<i>L. weddellii</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9F%B9%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="食蟹海豹">食蟹海豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9F%B9%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="食蟹海豹">食蟹海豹（<i>L. carcinophagus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%9E" title="象海豹属">象海豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B1%A1%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="北象海豹">北象海豹（<i>M. angustirostris</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%B1%A1%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="南象海豹">南象海豹（<i>M. leonina</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="僧海豹">僧海豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%83%A7%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="地中海僧海豹">地中海僧海豹（<i>M. monachus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%83%A7%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%AC" title="新僧海豹屬">新僧海豹屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%83%A7%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="夏威夷僧海豹">夏威夷僧海豹（<i>N. schauinslandi</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BC%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="大眼海豹">大眼海豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BC%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="大眼海豹">大眼海豹（<i>O. rossi</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%8E%E7%90%B4%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="豎琴海豹">竖琴海豹属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%8E%E7%90%B4%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="豎琴海豹">豎琴海豹（<i>P. groenlandicus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%AC" title="海豹屬">海豹屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%91%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="斑海豹">斑海豹（<i>P. largha</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="港海豹">港海豹（<i>P. vitulina</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%A4%B4%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%9E" title="小头海豹属">小頭海豹屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%A1%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="裡海海豹">裡海海豹（<i>P. caspica</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E6%96%91%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="环斑海豹">环斑海豹（<i>P. hispida</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="贝加尔海豹">贝加尔海豹（<i>P. sibirica</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E7%A7%91" title="犬科">犬科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">见下方列表</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%AC%E7%A7%91" title="鼬科">鼬科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">见下方列表</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="犬科（包括犬）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E7%A7%91" title="犬科">犬科</a><small>（包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC" title="犬">犬</a>）</small></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%80%B3%E7%8A%AC" title="小耳犬">小耳犬属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%80%B3%E7%8A%AC" title="小耳犬">小耳犬（<i>A. microtis</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E5%B1%9E" title="犬属">犬属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B4%E7%B4%8B%E8%83%A1%E7%8B%BC" title="側紋胡狼">側紋胡狼（<i>C. adustus</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="African golden wolf" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="African golden wolf"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_golden_wolf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African golden wolf（页面不存在）">African golden wolf (<i>C. anthus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_golden_wolf" class="extiw" title="en:African golden wolf"><span lang="en" dir="auto">African golden wolf</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%83%A1%E7%8B%BC" title="亞洲胡狼">亞洲胡狼（<i>C. aureus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E7%8B%BC" title="郊狼">郊狼（<i>C. latrans</i>）</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">狼（<i>C. lupus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%83%8C%E8%83%A1%E7%8B%BC" title="黑背胡狼">黑背胡狼（<i>C. mesomelas</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%8B%BC" title="紅狼">紅狼（<i>C. rufus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%8B%BC" title="衣索比亞狼">衣索比亞狼（<i>C. simensis</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9F%B9%E7%8B%90" title="食蟹狐">食蟹狐属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9F%B9%E7%8B%90" title="食蟹狐">食蟹狐（<i>C. thous</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%83%E7%8B%BC" title="鬃狼">鬃狼属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%83%E7%8B%BC" title="鬃狼">鬃狼（<i>C. brachyurus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%BA" title="豺">豺属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%BA" title="豺">豺（<i>C. alpinus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E7%8B%90%E5%B1%9E" title="伪狐属">伪狐属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%8B%90" title="山狐">山狐（<i>L. culpaeus</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Darwin's fox" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Darwin's fox"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darwin%27s_fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darwin's fox（页面不存在）">Darwin's fox (<i>L. fulvipes</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox" class="extiw" title="en:Darwin's fox"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Darwin's fox</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7%E7%8B%90" title="阿根廷狐">阿根廷狐（<i>L. griseus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E7%8B%90" title="河狐">河狐（<i>L. gymnocercus</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sechuran fox" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sechuran fox"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sechuran_fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sechuran fox（页面不存在）">Sechuran fox (<i>L. sechurae</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sechuran_fox" class="extiw" title="en:Sechuran fox"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sechuran fox</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Hoary fox" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hoary fox"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoary_fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoary fox（页面不存在）">Hoary fox (<i>L. vetulus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoary_fox" class="extiw" title="en:Hoary fox"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hoary fox</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%8A%AC" title="非洲野犬">非洲野犬属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%8A%AC" title="非洲野犬">非洲野犬（<i>L. pictus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%89" title="貉">貉屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%89" title="貉">貉（<i>N. procyonoides</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%80%B3%E7%8B%90" title="大耳狐">大耳狐属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%80%B3%E7%8B%90" title="大耳狐">大耳狐（<i>O. megalotis</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Speothos" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="薮犬属"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speothos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speothos（页面不存在）">Speothos</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%AE%E7%8A%AC%E5%B1%9E" class="extiw" title="en:薮犬属"><span lang="en" dir="auto">薮犬属</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%AA%E7%8A%AC" title="藪犬">藪犬（<i>S. venaticus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E7%8B%90%E5%B1%AC" title="灰狐屬">灰狐屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E7%8B%90" title="灰狐">灰狐（<i>U. cinereoargenteus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E7%81%B0%E7%8B%90" title="島嶼灰狐">島嶼灰狐（<i>U. littoralis</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E5%B1%9E" title="狐属">狐属</a> <br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90" title="狐">狐</a>）</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%8B%90" title="孟加拉狐">孟加拉狐（<i>V. bengalensis</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E7%8B%90" title="阿富汗狐">阿富汗狐（<i>V. cana</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Cape fox" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cape fox"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape fox（页面不存在）">Cape fox (<i>V. chama</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_fox" class="extiw" title="en:Cape fox"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cape fox</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%8B%90" title="沙狐">沙狐（<i>V. corsac</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E7%8B%90" title="藏狐">藏狐（<i>V. ferrilata</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E7%8B%90" title="北極狐">北極狐（<i>V. lagopus</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%8F%E7%8B%90" title="敏狐">敏狐 (<i>V. macrotis</i>)</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pale fox" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pale fox"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pale fox（页面不存在）">Pale fox (<i>V. pallida</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_fox" class="extiw" title="en:Pale fox"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pale fox</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Rüppell's fox" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rüppell's fox"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rüppell's fox（页面不存在）">Rüppell's fox (<i>V. rueppelli</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox" class="extiw" title="en:Rüppell's fox"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rüppell's fox</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E7%8B%90" title="草原狐">草原狐（<i>V. velox</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%8B%90" title="赤狐">赤狐（<i>V. vulpes</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E5%BB%93%E7%8B%90" title="耳廓狐">耳廓狐（<i>V. zerda</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="鼬科" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%AC%E7%A7%91" title="鼬科">鼬科</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%BA" title="水獺">水獭亚科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%88%AA%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%BA%E5%B1%AC" title="小爪水獺屬">小爪水獺屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="African clawless otter" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="African clawless otter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_clawless_otter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African clawless otter（页面不存在）">African clawless otter (<i>A. capensis</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_clawless_otter" class="extiw" title="en:African clawless otter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">African clawless otter</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%B0%8F%E7%88%AA%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%BA" title="亞洲小爪水獺">亞洲小爪水獺（<i>A. cinerea</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8D%BA" title="海獺">海獭属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8D%BA" title="海獺">海獺（<i>E. lutris</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Spotted-necked otter" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spotted-necked otter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spotted-necked_otter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spotted-necked otter（页面不存在）">Hydrictis</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" class="extiw" title="en:Spotted-necked otter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spotted-necked otter</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Spotted-necked otter" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spotted-necked otter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spotted-necked_otter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spotted-necked otter（页面不存在）">Spotted-necked otter (<i>H. maculicollis</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" class="extiw" title="en:Spotted-necked otter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spotted-necked otter</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E7%8D%BA%E5%B1%AC" title="美洲獺屬">美洲獺屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%BA" title="北美水獺">北美水獺（<i>L. canadensis</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%AD%AF%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%BA" title="秘魯水獺">秘魯水獺（<i>L. felina</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B0%BE%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%BA" title="長尾水獺">長尾水獺（<i>L. longicaudis</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%BA" title="智利水獺">智利水獺（<i>L. provocax</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%BA%E5%B1%AC" title="水獺屬">水獺屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%BA" title="歐亞水獺">歐亞水獺（<i>L. lutra</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%BC%BB%E6%B0%B4%E7%8D%BA" title="毛鼻水獺">毛鼻水獺（<i>L. sumatrana</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Lutrogale" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="江獭属"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutrogale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutrogale（页面不存在）">Lutrogale</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E7%8D%AD%E5%B1%9E" class="extiw" title="en:江獭属"><span lang="en" dir="auto">江獭属</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E7%8D%BA" title="江獺">江獺（<i>L. perspicillata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%8D%BA" title="巨獺">巨獭属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%8D%BA" title="巨獺">巨獺（<i>P. brasiliensis</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%AC%E4%BA%9E%E7%A7%91" title="鼬亞科">鼬亞科</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal;">（包括<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="badger" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="badger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badger（页面不存在）">badger</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/badger" class="extiw" title="en:badger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">badger</span></a></span>）</span></span>s）</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AC%E7%8D%BE" title="豬獾">猪獾属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AC%E7%8D%BE" title="豬獾">豬獾（<i>A. collaris</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E9%BC%AC" title="狐鼬">狐鼬属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E9%BC%AC" title="狐鼬">狐鼬（<i>E. barbara</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A2%E9%BC%AC%E5%B1%AC" title="巢鼬屬">巢鼬屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Lesser grison" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lesser grison"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesser_grison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesser grison（页面不存在）">Lesser grison (<i>G. cuja</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_grison" class="extiw" title="en:Lesser grison"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lesser grison</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A2%E9%BC%AC" title="大巢鼬">大巢鼬（<i>G. vittata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%82%E7%86%8A" title="貂熊">貂熊属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%82%E7%86%8A" title="貂熊">貂熊（<i>G. gulo</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%89%BE%E8%99%8E%E5%B1%AC" title="非洲艾虎屬">非洲艾虎屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Saharan striped polecat" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Saharan striped polecat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saharan_striped_polecat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saharan striped polecat（页面不存在）">Saharan striped polecat (<i>I. libyca</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat" class="extiw" title="en:Saharan striped polecat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Saharan striped polecat</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%89%BE%E8%99%8E" title="非洲艾虎">非洲艾虎（<i>I. striatus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E9%BC%AC" title="草原鼬">草原鼬属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E9%BC%AC" title="草原鼬">草原鼬（<i>L. patagonicus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%82%E5%B1%AC" title="貂屬">貂屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E8%B2%82" title="美洲貂">美洲貂 (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%96%89%E8%B2%82" title="黃喉貂">黃喉貂（<i>M. flavigula</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%B2%82" title="石貂">石貂（<i>M. foina</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B0%8F%E8%B2%82" title="格氏貂">格氏貂（<i>M. gwatkinsii</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B2%82" title="松貂">松貂（<i>M. martes</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Japanese marten" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="日本貂"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_marten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese marten（页面不存在）">日本貂 (<i>M. melampus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%B2%82" class="extiw" title="en:日本貂"><span lang="en" dir="auto">日本貂</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E8%B2%82" title="紫貂">紫貂（<i>M. zibellina</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pekania" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pekania"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pekania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pekania（页面不存在）">Pekania</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekania" class="extiw" title="en:Pekania"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pekania</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Fisher (animal)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="食魚貂"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher_(animal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisher (animal)（页面不存在）">食魚貂（<i>P. pennanti</i>）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%AD%9A%E8%B2%82" class="extiw" title="en:食魚貂"><span lang="en" dir="auto">食魚貂</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%97%E7%8D%BE%E5%B1%9E" title="狗獾属">獾屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Japanese badger" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Japanese badger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese badger（页面不存在）">Japanese badger (<i>M. anakuma</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_badger" class="extiw" title="en:Japanese badger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Japanese badger</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Asian badger" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Asian badger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asian_badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asian badger（页面不存在）">Asian badger (<i>M. leucurus</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_badger" class="extiw" title="en:Asian badger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Asian badger</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="獾">獾（<i>M. meles</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E7%8D%BE" title="蜜獾">蜜獾属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E7%8D%BE" title="蜜獾">蜜獾（<i>M. capensis</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%AC%E7%8D%BE%E5%B1%AC" title="鼬獾屬">鼬獾屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Bornean ferret-badger" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bornean ferret-badger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bornean_ferret-badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bornean ferret-badger（页面不存在）">Bornean ferret-badger (<i>M. everetti</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornean_ferret-badger" class="extiw" title="en:Bornean ferret-badger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bornean ferret-badger</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%AC%E7%8D%BE" title="鼬獾">鼬獾（<i>M. moschata</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Javan ferret-badger" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Javan ferret-badger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Javan_ferret-badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Javan ferret-badger（页面不存在）">Javan ferret-badger (<i>M. orientalis</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger" class="extiw" title="en:Javan ferret-badger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Javan ferret-badger</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E9%BC%AC%E7%8D%BE" title="缅甸鼬獾">缅甸鼬獾（<i>M. personata</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%AC%E5%B1%AC" title="鼬屬">鼬屬</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%AC%E5%B1%AC" title="鼬屬">鼬屬</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%87%E7%9C%BC%E8%B2%82" title="矇眼貂">矇眼貂</a>）</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Amazon weasel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Amazon weasel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_weasel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amazon weasel（页面不存在）">Amazon weasel (<i>M. africana</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_weasel" class="extiw" title="en:Amazon weasel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Amazon weasel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E9%BC%AC" title="香鼬">香鼬（<i>M. altaica</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%BC%AC" title="白鼬">白鼬（<i>M. erminea</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E9%BC%AC" title="艾鼬">艾鼬（<i>M. eversmannii</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Colombian weasel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Colombian weasel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_weasel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colombian weasel（页面不存在）">Colombian weasel (<i>M. felipei</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_weasel" class="extiw" title="en:Colombian weasel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Colombian weasel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Long-tailed weasel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Long-tailed weasel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long-tailed_weasel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long-tailed weasel（页面不存在）">Long-tailed weasel (<i>M. frenata</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" class="extiw" title="en:Long-tailed weasel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Long-tailed weasel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Japanese weasel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Japanese weasel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_weasel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese weasel（页面不存在）">Japanese weasel (<i>M. itatsi</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_weasel" class="extiw" title="en:Japanese weasel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Japanese weasel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%85%B9%E9%BC%AC" title="黃腹鼬">黃腹鼬（<i>M. kathiah</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%B4%E9%BC%AC" title="歐洲水鼬">歐洲水鼬（<i>M. lutreola</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Indonesian mountain weasel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indonesian mountain weasel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indonesian_mountain_weasel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indonesian mountain weasel（页面不存在）">Indonesian mountain weasel (<i>M. lutreolina</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel" class="extiw" title="en:Indonesian mountain weasel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indonesian mountain weasel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%B6%B3%E9%BC%AC" title="黑足鼬">黑足鼬（<i>M. nigripes</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B6%E9%BC%AC" title="伶鼬">伶鼬（<i>M. nivalis</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Malayan weasel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malayan weasel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayan_weasel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malayan weasel（页面不存在）">Malayan weasel (<i>M. nudipes</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_weasel" class="extiw" title="en:Malayan weasel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malayan weasel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%BC%AC" title="歐洲鼬">歐洲鼬（<i>M. putorius</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%BC%AC" title="黄鼬">黄鼬（<i>M. sibirica</i>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B9%E9%BC%AC" title="纹鼬">纹鼬（<i>M. strigidorsa</i>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Egyptian weasel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Egyptian weasel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_weasel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyptian weasel（页面不存在）">Egyptian weasel (<i>M. subpalmata</i>)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_weasel" class="extiw" title="en:Egyptian weasel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Egyptian weasel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%B4%E9%BC%AC" title="美洲水鼬">美洲水鼬属</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%BC%AC" title="水鼬">水鼬</a>）</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%B4%E9%BC%AC" title="美洲水鼬">美洲水鼬（<i>N. vison</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%A0%B8%E9%BC%AC" title="白頸鼬">白颈鼬属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%A0%B8%E9%BC%AC" title="白頸鼬">白頸鼬（<i>P. albinucha</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E7%8D%BE" title="美洲獾">美洲獾属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E7%8D%BE" title="美洲獾">美洲獾（<i>T. taxus</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E9%BC%AC" title="虎鼬">虎鼬属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E9%BC%AC" title="虎鼬">虎鼬（<i>V. peregusna</i>）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bio_Editors_Barnstar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bio_Editors_Barnstar.png/20px-Bio_Editors_Barnstar.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bio_Editors_Barnstar.png/31px-Bio_Editors_Barnstar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bio_Editors_Barnstar.png/41px-Bio_Editors_Barnstar.png 2x" data-file-width="1765" data-file-height="1820" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:动物">动物主題</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="分類單元識別-&#123;&#125;-碼" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="分類單元識別-&#123;&#125;-碼" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E7%A2%BC" title="Help:分類單元識別碼">分類單元識別碼</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" title="维基数据">维基数据</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18498" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q18498">Q18498</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="維基物種">維基物種</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Canis lupus">Canis lupus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%BD%91" title="动物多样性网">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Canis_lupus/">Canis_lupus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/canis-lupus/">canis-lupus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1857">1857</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%A1%E5%BD%A2%E7%A0%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生命条形码数据系统">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=12514">12514</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ECOS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4488">4488</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="网络生命大百科">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/328607">328607</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81" title="EPPO代码">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CANILU">CANILU</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/1367">1367</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:305289">305289</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/3610bdd7-7432-4d43-9f6e-6684deb82987">3610bdd7-7432-4d43-9f6e-6684deb82987</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">FEIS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/animals/mammal/calu/all.html">calu</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=44860">44860</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="全球生物多樣性資訊機構">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5219173">5219173</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="全球入侵物種資料庫">GISD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=146">146</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/42048">42048</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%9E%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%B1%9E%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E5%86%8C" title="海洋和非海洋属临时登记册">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11407661">11407661</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="整合分類學資訊系統">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180596">180596</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/3746">3746</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="世界哺乳动物物种">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14000738">14000738</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="英国国家生物多样性网络">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000005184">NBNSYS0000005184</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="美国国家生物技术信息中心">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9612">9612</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/309809e8-1a21-45a0-80a0-1f13fee46c52">309809e8-1a21-45a0-80a0-1f13fee46c52</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋生物地理信息系统">OBIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/taxon/1506689">1506689</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%95%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約">Species+</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/4442">4442</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=3356">3356</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/2F15C6CE-6C7A-4AF8-AE71-087151318E0E">2F15C6CE-6C7A-4AF8-AE71-087151318E0E</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18498#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18498#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18498#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lobos"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX531894">西班牙</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Loup"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119404374">法国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Loup"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119404374">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4190195-2">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007544929005171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008020177">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="vlk obecný"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph990410&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300265715">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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