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porosity approach</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: enthalpy porosity approach"> <meta name="keywords" content="enthalpy porosity approach"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="enthalpy porosity approach"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14484</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: enthalpy porosity approach</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14364</span> Fracture Strength of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Plasma Sprayed Aluminum Oxide Coating</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anup%20Kumar%20Keshri">Anup Kumar Keshri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20Agarwal"> Arvind Agarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced aluminum oxide (Al2O3) composite coating was synthesized on the steel substrate using plasma spraying technique. Three different compositions of coating such as Al2O3, Al2O¬3-4 wt. % CNT and Al2O3-8 wt. % CNT were synthesized and the fracture strength was determined using the four point bend test. Uniform dispersion of CNTs over Al2O3 powder particle was successfully achieved. With increasing CNT content, porosity in the coating showed decreasing trend and hence contributed towards enhanced mechanical properties such as hardness (~12% increased) and elastic modulus (~34 % increased). Fracture strength of the coating was found to be increasing with the CNT additions. By reinforcement of 8 wt. % of CNT, fracture strength increased by ~2.5 times. The improvement in fracture strength of Al2O3-CNT coating was attributed to three competitive phenomena viz. (i) lower porosity (ii) higher hardness and elastic modulus (iii) CNT bridging between splats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20oxide" title="aluminum oxide">aluminum oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title=" carbon nanotube"> carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20strength" title=" fracture strength"> fracture strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20spraying" title=" plasma spraying"> plasma spraying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18770/fracture-strength-of-carbon-nanotube-reinforced-plasma-sprayed-aluminum-oxide-coating" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14363</span> Field-observed Thermal Fractures during Reinjection and Its Numerical Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Luo">Wen Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phil%20J.%20Vardon"> Phil J. Vardon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne-Catherine%20Dieudonne"> Anne-Catherine Dieudonne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One key process that partly controls the success of geothermal projects is fluid reinjection, which benefits in dealing with waste water, maintaining reservoir pressure, and supplying heat-exchange media, etc. Thus, sustaining the injectivity is of great importance for the efficiency and sustainability of geothermal production. However, the injectivity is sensitive to the reinjection process. Field experiences have illustrated that the injectivity can be damaged or improved. In this paper, the focus is on how the injectivity is improved. Since the injection pressure is far below the formation fracture pressure, hydraulic fracturing cannot be the mechanism contributing to the increase in injectivity. Instead, thermal stimulation has been identified as the main contributor to improving the injectivity. For low-enthalpy geothermal reservoirs, which are not fracture-controlled, thermal fracturing, instead of thermal shearing, is expected to be the mechanism for increasing injectivity. In this paper, field data from the sedimentary low-enthalpy geothermal reservoirs in the Netherlands were analysed to show the occurrence of thermal fracturing due to the cooling shock during reinjection. Injection data were collected and compared to show the effects of the thermal fractures on injectivity. Then, a thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) model for the near field formation was developed and solved by finite element method to simulate the observed thermal fractures. It was then compared with the HM model, decomposed from the THM model, to illustrate the thermal effects on thermal fracturing. Finally, the effects of operational parameters, i.e. injection temperature and pressure, on the changes in injectivity were studied on the basis of the THM model. The field data analysis and simulation results illustrate that the thermal fracturing occurred during reinjection and contributed to the increase in injectivity. The injection temperature was identified as a key parameter that contributes to thermal fracturing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injectivity" title="injectivity">injectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinjection" title=" reinjection"> reinjection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20fracturing" title=" thermal fracturing"> thermal fracturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-hydro-mechanical%20model" title=" thermo-hydro-mechanical model"> thermo-hydro-mechanical model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140921/field-observed-thermal-fractures-during-reinjection-and-its-numerical-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14362</span> In vitro Study of Laser Diode Radiation Effect on the Photo-Damage of MCF-7 and MCF-10A Cell Clusters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Dashti">A. Dashti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Eskandari"> M. Eskandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Farahmand"> L. Farahmand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Parvin"> P. Parvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Jafargholi"> A. Jafargholi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast Cancer is one of the most considerable diseases in the United States and other countries and is the second leading cause of death in women. Common breast cancer treatments would lead to adverse side effects such as loss of hair, nausea, and weakness. These complications arise because these cancer treatments damage some healthy cells while eliminating the cancer cells. In an effort to address these complications, laser radiation was utilized and tested as a targeted cancer treatment for breast cancer. In this regard, tissue engineering approaches are being employed by using an electrospun scaffold in order to facilitate the growth of breast cancer cells. Polycaprolacton (PCL) was used as a material for scaffold fabricating because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and supporting cell growth. The specific breast cancer cells have the ability to create a three-dimensional cell cluster due to the spontaneous accumulation of cells in the porosity of the scaffold under some specific conditions. Therefore, we are looking for a higher density of porosity and larger pore size. Fibers showed uniform diameter distribution and final scaffold had optimum characteristics with approximately 40% porosity. The images were taken by SEM and the density and the size of the porosity were determined with the Image. After scaffold preparation, it has cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. Then, it has been washed with glycine and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), in order to neutralize the residual glutaraldehyde. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidefor (MTT) results have represented approximately 91.13% viability of the scaffolds for cancer cells. In order to create a cluster, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7, breast cancer cell line) and Michigan Cancer Foundation-10A (MCF-10A, human mammary epithelial cell line) cells were cultured on the scaffold in 24 well plate for five days. Then, we have exposed the cluster to the laser diode 808 nm radiation to investigate the effect of laser on the tumor with different power and time. Under the same conditions, cancer cells lost their viability more than the healthy ones. In conclusion, laser therapy is a viable method to destroy the target cells and has a minimum effect on the healthy tissues and cells and it can improve the other method of cancer treatments limitations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospun%20scaffold" title=" electrospun scaffold"> electrospun scaffold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycaprolacton" title=" polycaprolacton"> polycaprolacton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20diode" title=" laser diode"> laser diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20treatment" title=" cancer treatment"> cancer treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102340/in-vitro-study-of-laser-diode-radiation-effect-on-the-photo-damage-of-mcf-7-and-mcf-10a-cell-clusters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14361</span> Development of a Bacterial Resistant Concrete for Use in Low Cost Kitchen Floors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Mahlangu">S. S. Mahlangu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20K.%20%20Mbaya"> R. K. K. Mbaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20D.%20Delport"> D. D. Delport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Van.%20Zyl"> H. Van. Zyl </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The degrading effect due to bacterial growth on the structural integrity of concrete floor surfaces is predictable; this consequently cause development of surface micro cracks in which organisms penetrate through resulting in surface spalling. Hence, the need to develop mix design meeting the requirement of floor surfaces exposed to aggressive agent to improve certain material properties with good workability, extended lifespan and low cost is essential. In this work, tests were performed to examine the microbial activity on kitchen floor surfaces and the effect of adding admixtures. The biochemical test shows the existence of microorganisms (<em>E.coli, Streptococcus</em>) on newly casted structure. Of up to 6% porosity was reduced and improvement on structural integrity was observed upon adding mineral admixtures from the concrete mortar. The SEM result after 84 days of curing specimens, shows that chemical admixtures have significant role to enable retard bacterial penetration and good quality structure is achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=admixture" title="admixture">admixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisms" title=" organisms"> organisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2096/development-of-a-bacterial-resistant-concrete-for-use-in-low-cost-kitchen-floors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14360</span> Effect of Sodium Chloride Concentration and Degree of Neutralization on the Structure and Dynamics of Poly(Methacrylic Acid) (PMA) in Dilute Aqueous Solutions – a Molecular Dynamics Simulations Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Kumar%20Gupta">Abhishek Kumar Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atomistic Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations have been performed to study the effect of monovalent salt i.e. NaCl concentration (Cs) and chain degree of neutralization (f) on the structure and dynamics of anionic poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) in dilute aqueous solutions. In the present study, the attention is to unveil the conformational structure, hydrogen-bonding, local polyion-counterion structure, h-bond dynamics, chain dynamics and thermodynamic enthalpy of solvation of a-PMA in dilute aqueous solutions as a function of salt concentration, Cs and f. The results have revealed that at low salt concentration, the conformational radius of gyration (Rg) increases and then decreases reaching a maximum in agreement with the reported light scattering experimental results. The Rg at f = 1 shows a continual decrease and acquire a plateau value at higher salt concentration in agreement with results obtained by light scattering experiments. The radial distribution functions between PMA, salt and water atoms has been computed with respect to atom and centre-of-mass to understand the intermolecular structure in detail. The results pertaining to PMA chain conformations and hydrogen bond autocorrelation function showcasing the h-bond dynamics will be presented. The results pertaining to chain dynamics will be presented. The results pertaining to counterion condensation on the PMA chain shows greater condensation of Na+ ions on to the carboxylate ions with increase in salt concentration. Moreover, the solvation enthalpy of the system as a function of salt concentration will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conformations" title="conformations">conformations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulations" title=" molecular dynamics simulations"> molecular dynamics simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaCl%20concentration" title=" NaCl concentration"> NaCl concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20distribution%20functions" title=" radial distribution functions"> radial distribution functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128424/effect-of-sodium-chloride-concentration-and-degree-of-neutralization-on-the-structure-and-dynamics-of-polymethacrylic-acid-pma-in-dilute-aqueous-solutions-a-molecular-dynamics-simulations-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14359</span> Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Possibilities of Utilization of Elbasan Thermal Waters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvin%20%C3%87omo">Elvin Çomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edlira%20Tako"> Edlira Tako</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albana%20Hasimi"> Albana Hasimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rrapo%20Ormeni"> Rrapo Ormeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olger%20Gjuzi"> Olger Gjuzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirela%20Ndrita"> Mirela Ndrita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Albania, only low enthalpy geothermal springs and wells are known, the temperatures of some of them are almost at the upper limits of low enthalpy, reaching over 60°C. These resources can be used to improve the country's energy balance, as well as for profitable economic purposes. The region of Elbasan has the greatest geothermal energy potential in Albania. This bass is one of the most popular and used in our country. This area is a surface with a number of sources, located in the form of a chain, in the sector between Llixha and Hidraj and constitutes a thermo-mineral basin with stable discharge and high temperature. The sources of Elbasan Springs, with the current average flow of thermo mineral water of 12-18 l/s and its temperature 55-65oC, have specific reserves of 39.6 GJ/m2 and potential power to install 2760 kW. For the assessment of physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals, water samples were taken at 5 monitoring stations throughout the year 2022. The levels of basic parameters were analyzed using ISO, EU and APHA 21-th edition standard methods. This study presents the current state of the physico-chemical parameters of this thermal basin, the evaluation of these parameters for curative activities and for industrial processes, as well as the integrated utilization of geothermal energy. Possibilities for using thermomineral waters for heating homes in the area around them or even further, depending on the flow from the source or geothermal well. Sensitization of Albanian investors, medical research and the community for the high economic and curative effectiveness, for the integral use of geothermal energy in this area and the development of the tourist sector. An analysis of the negative environmental impact from the use of thermal water is also provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20energy" title="geothermal energy">geothermal energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Llixha" title=" Llixha"> Llixha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physic-chemical%20parameters" title=" physic-chemical parameters"> physic-chemical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20water" title=" thermal water"> thermal water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161906/physico-chemical-characteristics-and-possibilities-of-utilization-of-elbasan-thermal-waters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14358</span> Fabrication of Highly-Ordered Interconnected Porous Polymeric Particles and Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Alroaithi">Mohammad Alroaithi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Porous polymeric materials have attracted a great attention due to their distinctive porous structure within a polymer matrix. They are characterised by the presence of external pores on the surface as well as inner interconnected windows. Conventional techniques to produce porous polymeric materials encounters major challenge in controlling the properties of the resultant structures including morphology, pores, cavities size, and porosity. Herein, we present a facile and versatile microfluidics technique for the fabrication of uniform porous polymeric structures with highly ordered and well-defined interconnected windows. The shapes of the porous structures can either be a microparticles or foam. Both shapes used microfluidics platform to first produce monodisperse emulsion. The uniform emulsions, were then consolidated into porous structures through UV photopolymerisation. The morphology, pores, cavities size, and porosity of the structures can be precisely manipulated by the flowrate. The proposed strategy might provide a key advantage for fabrication of uniform porous materials over many existing technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title="polymer">polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20particles" title=" porous particles"> porous particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidics" title=" microfluidics"> microfluidics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20structures" title=" porous structures"> porous structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84709/fabrication-of-highly-ordered-interconnected-porous-polymeric-particles-and-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14357</span> The Effect of Bath Composition for Hot-Dip Aluminizing of AISI 4140 Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aptullah%20Karakas">Aptullah Karakas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Baydogan">Murat Baydogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hot-dip aluminizing (HDA) is one of the several aluminizing methods to form a wear-, corrosion- and oxidation-resistant aluminide layers on the surface. In this method, the substrate is dipped into a molten aluminum bath, hold in the bath for several minutes, and cooled down to the room temperature in air. A subsequent annealing after the HDA process is generally performed. The main advantage of HDA is its very low investment cost in comparison with other aluminizing methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), pack aluminizing and metalizing. In the HDA process, Al or Al-Si molten baths are mostly used. However, in this study, three different Al alloys such as Al4043 (Al-Mg), Al5356 (Al-Si) and Al7020 (Al-Zn) were used as the molten bath in order to see their effects on morphological and mechanical properties of the resulting aluminide layers. AISI 4140 low alloyed steel was used as the substrate. Parameters of the HDA process were bath composition, bath temperature, and dipping time. These parameters were considered within a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. After the HDA process and subsequent diffusion annealing, coating thickness measurement, microstructural analysis and hardness measurement of the aluminide layers were conducted. The optimum process parameters were evaluated according to coating morphology, such as cracks, Kirkendall porosity and hardness of the coatings. According to the results, smooth and clean aluminide layer with less Kirkendall porosity and cracks were observed on the sample, which was aluminized in the molten Al7020 bath at 700 C for 10 minutes and subsequently diffusion annealed at 750 C. Hardness of the aluminide layer was in between 1100-1300 HV and the coating thickness was approximately 400 µm. The results were promising such that a hard and thick aluminide layer with less Kirkendall porosity and cracks could be formed. It is, therefore, concluded that Al7020 bath may be used in the HDA process of AISI 4140 steel substrate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-dip%20aluminizing" title="hot-dip aluminizing">hot-dip aluminizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness%20measurement" title=" hardness measurement"> hardness measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20annealing" title=" diffusion annealing"> diffusion annealing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174006/the-effect-of-bath-composition-for-hot-dip-aluminizing-of-aisi-4140-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14356</span> Evaluation of Reservoir Quality in Cretaceous Sandstone Complex, Western Flank of Anambra Basin, Southern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayole%20Omoniyi">Bayole Omoniyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study demonstrates the value of outcrops as analogues for evaluating reservoir quality of sandbody in a typical high-sinuosity fluvial system. The study utilized data acquired from selected outcrops in the Campanian-Maastrichtian siliciclastic succession of the western flank of Anambra Basin, southern Nigeria. Textural properties derived from outcrop samples were correlated and compared with porosity and permeability using established standard charts. Porosity was estimated from thin sections of selected samples to reduce uncertainty in the estimates. Following facies classification, 14 distinct facies were grouped into three facies associations (FA1-FA3) and were subsequently modeled as discrete properties in a block-centered Cartesian grid on a scale that captures geometry of principal sandbodies. Porosity and permeability estimated from charts were populated in the grid using comparable geostatistical techniques that reflect their spatial distribution. The resultant models were conditioned to facies property to honour available data. The results indicate a strong control of geometrical parameters on facies distribution, lateral continuity and connectivity with resultant effect on porosity and permeability distribution. Sand-prone FA1 and FA2 display reservoir quality that varies internally from channel axis to margin in each succession. Furthermore, isolated stack pattern of sandbodies reduces static connectivity and thus, increases risk of poor communication between reservoir-quality sandbodies. FA3 is non-reservoir because it is mud-prone. In conclusion, the risk of poor communication between sandbodies may be effectively accentuated in reservoirs that have similar architecture because of thick lateral accretion deposits, usually mudstone, that tend to disconnect good-quality point-bar sandbodies. In such reservoirs, mudstone may act as a barrier to impede flow vertically from one sandbody to another and laterally at the margins of each channel-fill succession in the system. The development plan, therefore, must be designed to effectively mitigate these risks and the risk of stratigraphic compartmentalization for maximum hydrocarbon recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analogues" title="analogues">analogues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connectivity" title=" connectivity"> connectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluvial" title=" fluvial"> fluvial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189131/evaluation-of-reservoir-quality-in-cretaceous-sandstone-complex-western-flank-of-anambra-basin-southern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14355</span> Stability of the Wellhead in the Seabed in One of the Marine Reservoirs of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Aghaei">Mahdi Aghaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20Jamshidi"> Saeid Jamshidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mastaneh%20Hajipour"> Mastaneh Hajipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective factors on the mechanical wellbore stability are divided in to two categories: 1) Controllable factors, 2) Uncontrollable factors. The purpose of geo-mechanical modeling of wells is to determine the limit of controlled parameters change based on the stress regime at each point and by solving the governing equations the pore-elastic environment around the well. In this research, the mechanical analysis of wellbore stability was carried out for Soroush oilfield. For this purpose, the geo-mechanical model of the field is made using available data. This model provides the necessary parameters for obtaining the distribution of stress around the wellbore. Initially, a basic model was designed to perform various analysis, based on obtained data, using Abaqus software. All of the subsequent sensitivity analysis such as sensitivity analysis on porosity, permeability, etc. was done on the same basic model. The results obtained from these analysis gives various result such as: with the constant geomechanical parameters, and sensitivity analysis on porosity permeability is ineffective. After the most important parameters affecting the wellbore stability and instability are geo-mechanical parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wellbore%20stability" title="wellbore stability">wellbore stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=movement" title=" movement"> movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instability" title=" instability"> instability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142512/stability-of-the-wellhead-in-the-seabed-in-one-of-the-marine-reservoirs-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14354</span> Enthalpies of Formation of Equiatomic Binary Hafnium Transition Metal Compounds HfM (M=Co, Ir, Os, Pt, Rh, Ru)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadda%20Krarcha">Hadda Krarcha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Messaasdi"> S. Messaasdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to investigate Hafnium transition metal alloys HfM (M= Co, Ir, Os,Pt, Rh, Ru) phase diagrams in the region of 50/50% atomic ratio, we performed ab initio Full-Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Waves calculations of the enthalpies of formation of HfM compounds at B2 (CsCl) structure type. The obtained enthalpies of formation are discussed and compared to some of the existing models and available experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enthalpy%20of%20formation" title="enthalpy of formation">enthalpy of formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20metal" title=" transition metal"> transition metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binarry%20compunds" title=" binarry compunds"> binarry compunds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hafnium" title=" hafnium"> hafnium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32679/enthalpies-of-formation-of-equiatomic-binary-hafnium-transition-metal-compounds-hfm-mco-ir-os-pt-rh-ru" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14353</span> Investigations of Thermo Fluid Characteristics of Copper Alloy Porous Heat Sinks by Forced Air Cooling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Mahalle">Ashish Mahalle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kishore%20Borakhade"> Kishore Borakhade </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High porosity metal foams are excellent for heat dissipation. There use has been widened to include heat removal from high density microelectronics circuits. Other important applications have been found in compact heat exchangers for airborne equipment, regenerative and dissipative air cooled condenser towers, and compact heat sinks for power electronic. The low relative density, open porosity and high thermal conductivity of the cell edges, large accessible surface area per unit volume, and the ability to mix the cooling fluid make metal foam heat exchangers efficient, compact and light weight. This paper reports the thermal performance of metal foam for high heat dissipation. In experimentation metal foam samples of different pore diameters i.e. 35 µ, 20 µ, 12 µ, are analyzed for varying velocities and heat inputs. The study investigate the effect of various dimensionless no. like Re,Nu, Pr and heat transfer characteristics of basic flow configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pores" title="pores">pores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam" title=" foam"> foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20thermal%20conductivity" title=" effective thermal conductivity"> effective thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability" title=" permeability"> permeability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34928/investigations-of-thermo-fluid-characteristics-of-copper-alloy-porous-heat-sinks-by-forced-air-cooling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14352</span> Beneficiation of Low Grade Chromite Ore and Its Characterization for the Formation of Magnesia-Chromite Refractory by Economically Viable Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar%20Bhandary">Amit Kumar Bhandary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prithviraj%20Gupta"> Prithviraj Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddhartha%20Mukherjee"> Siddhartha Mukherjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahua%20Ghosh%20Chaudhuri"> Mahua Ghosh Chaudhuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajib%20Dey"> Rajib Dey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chromite ores are primarily used for extraction of chromium, which is an expensive metal. For low grade chromite ores (containing less than 40% Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), the chromium extraction is not usually economically viable. India possesses huge quantities of low grade chromite reserves. This deposit can be utilized after proper physical beneficiation. Magnetic separation techniques may be useful after reduction for the beneficiation of low grade chromite ore. The sample collected from the sukinda mines is characterized by XRD which shows predominant phases like maghemite, chromite, silica, magnesia and alumina. The raw ore is crushed and ground to below 75 micrometer size. The microstructure of the ore shows that the chromite grains surrounded by a silicate matrix and porosity observed the exposed side of the chromite ore. However, this ore may be utilized in refractory applications. Chromite ores contain Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, FeO, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and other oxides like Fe-Cr, Mg-Cr have a high tendency to form spinel compounds, which usually show high refractoriness. Initially, the low grade chromite ore (containing 34.8% Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) was reduced at 1200 <sup>0</sup>C for 80 minutes with 30% coke fines by weight, before being subjected to magnetic separation. The reduction by coke leads to conversion of higher state of iron oxides converted to lower state of iron oxides. The pre-reduced samples are then characterized by XRD. The magnetically inert mass was then reacted with 20% MgO by weight at 1450 <sup>0</sup>C for 2 hours. The resultant product was then tested for various refractoriness parameters like apparent porosity, slag resistance etc. The results were satisfactory, indicating that the resultant spinel compounds are suitable for refractory applications for elevated temperature processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apparent%20porosity" title="apparent porosity">apparent porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beneficiation" title=" beneficiation"> beneficiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-grade%20chromite" title=" low-grade chromite"> low-grade chromite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refractory" title=" refractory"> refractory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinel%20compounds" title=" spinel compounds"> spinel compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slag%20resistance" title=" slag resistance"> slag resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48887/beneficiation-of-low-grade-chromite-ore-and-its-characterization-for-the-formation-of-magnesia-chromite-refractory-by-economically-viable-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14351</span> Using Complete Soil Particle Size Distributions for More Precise Predictions of Soil Physical and Hydraulic Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habib%20Khodaverdiloo">Habib Khodaverdiloo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20%20Afrasiabi"> Fatemeh Afrasiabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farrokh%20%20Asadzadeh"> Farrokh Asadzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martinus%20Th.%20Van%20Genuchten"> Martinus Th. Van Genuchten</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The soil particle-size distribution (PSD) is known to affect a broad range of soil physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties. Complete descriptions of a PSD curve should provide more information about these properties as opposed to having only information about soil textural class or the soil sand, silt and clay (SSC) fractions. We compared the accuracy of 19 different models of the cumulative PSD in terms of fitting observed data from a large number of Iranian soils. Parameters of the six most promising models were correlated with measured values of the field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs), the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), bulk density (ρb), and porosity (∅). These same soil properties were correlated also with conventional PSD parameters (SSC fractions), selected geometric PSD parameters (notably the mean diameter dg and its standard deviation σg), and several other PSD parameters (D50 and D60). The objective was to find the best predictions of several soil physical quality indices and the soil hydraulic properties. Neither SSC nor dg, σg, D50 and D60 were found to have a significant correlation with both Kfs or logKfs, However, the parameters of several cumulative PSD models showed statistically significant correlation with Kfs and/or logKfs (|r| = 0.42 to 0.65; p ≤ 0.05). The correlation between MWD and the model parameters was generally also higher than either with SSC fraction and dg, or with D50 and D60. Porosity (∅) and the bulk density (ρb) also showed significant correlation with several PSD model parameters, with ρb additionally correlating significantly with various geometric (dg), mechanical (D50 and D60), and agronomic (clay and sand) representations of the PSD. The fitted parameters of selected PSD models furthermore showed statistically significant correlations with Kfs,, MWD and soil porosity, which may be viewed as soil quality indices. Results of this study are promising for developing more accurate pedotransfer functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size%20distribution" title="particle size distribution">particle size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20texture" title=" soil texture"> soil texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20conductivity" title=" hydraulic conductivity"> hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedotransfer%20functions" title=" pedotransfer functions"> pedotransfer functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56687/using-complete-soil-particle-size-distributions-for-more-precise-predictions-of-soil-physical-and-hydraulic-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14350</span> Effect of Air Gap Distance on the Structure of PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors for Physical CO2 Absorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Shiri">J. Shiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mansourizadeh"> A. Mansourizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Faghih"> F. Faghih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Vaez"> H. Vaez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes are fabricated via a wet phase-inversion Process and used in the gas–liquid membrane contactor for physical CO2 absorption. Effect of different air gap on the structure and CO2 flux of the membrane was investigated. The hollow fibers were prepared using the wet spinning process using a dope solution containing PVDF/NMP/Licl (18%, 78%, 4%) at the extrusion rate of 4.5ml/min and air gaps of 0, 7, 15cm. Water was used as internal and external coagulants. Membranes were characterized using various techniques such as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Gas permeation test, Critical Water Entry Pressure (CEPw) to select the best membrane structure for Co2 absorption. The characterization results showed that the prepared membrane at which air gap possess small pore size with high surface porosity and wetting resistance, which are favorable for gas absorption application air gap increased, CEPw had a decrease, but the N2 permeation was decreased. Surface porosity and also Co2 absorption was increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20PVDF%20hollow%20fiber%20membrane" title="porous PVDF hollow fiber membrane">porous PVDF hollow fiber membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20absorption" title=" CO2 absorption"> CO2 absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20inversion" title=" phase inversion"> phase inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20gap" title=" air gap"> air gap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13420/effect-of-air-gap-distance-on-the-structure-of-pvdf-hollow-fiber-membrane-contactors-for-physical-co2-absorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14349</span> Latent Heat Storage Using Phase Change Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debashree%20Ghosh">Debashree Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preethi%20Sridhar"> Preethi Sridhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shloka%20Atul%20Dhavle"> Shloka Atul Dhavle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The judicious and economic consumption of energy for sustainable growth and development is nowadays a thing of primary importance; Phase Change Materials (PCM) provide an ingenious option of storing energy in the form of Latent Heat. Energy storing mechanism incorporating phase change material increases the efficiency of the process by minimizing the difference between supply and demand; PCM heat exchangers are used to storing the heat or non-convectional energy within the PCM as the heat of fusion. The experimental study evaluates the effect of thermo-physical properties, variation in inlet temperature, and flow rate on charging period of a coiled heat exchanger. Secondly, a numerical study is performed on a PCM double pipe heat exchanger packed with two different PCMs, namely, RT50 and Fatty Acid, in the annular region. In this work, the simulation of charging of paraffin wax (RT50) using water as high-temperature fluid (HTF) is performed. Commercial software Ansys-Fluent 15 is used for simulation, and hence charging of PCM is studied. In the Enthalpy-porosity model, a single momentum equation is applicable to describe the motion of both solid and liquid phases. The details of the progress of phase change with time are presented through the contours of melt-fraction, temperature. The velocity contour is shown to describe the motion of the liquid phase. The experimental study revealed that paraffin wax melts with almost the same temperature variation at the two Intermediate positions. Fatty acid, on the other hand, melts faster owing to greater thermal conductivity and low melting temperature. It was also observed that an increase in flow rate leads to a reduction in the charging period. The numerical study also supports some of the observations found in the experimental study like the significant dependence of driving force on the process of melting. The numerical study also clarifies the melting pattern of the PCM, which cannot be observed in the experimental study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latent%20heat%20storage" title="latent heat storage">latent heat storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charging%20period" title=" charging period"> charging period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discharging%20period" title=" discharging period"> discharging period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coiled%20heat%20exchanger" title=" coiled heat exchanger"> coiled heat exchanger</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119596/latent-heat-storage-using-phase-change-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14348</span> A Critical Appraisal of CO₂ Entrance Pressure with Heat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abrar%20Al-Mutairi">Abrar Al-Mutairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talal%20Al-Bazali"> Talal Al-Bazali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, changes in capillary entry pressure of shale, as it interacts with CO₂, under different temperatures (25 °C to 250 °C) have been investigated. The combined impact of temperature and petrophysical properties (water content, water activity, permeability and porosity) of shale was also addressed. Results showed that the capillary entry pressure of shale when it interacted with CO₂ was highly affected by temperature. In general, increasing the temperature decreased capillary entry pressure of shale. We believe that pore dilation, where pore throat size expands due to the application of heat, may have caused this decrease in capillary entry pressure of shale. However, in some cases we found that at higher temperature some shale samples showed that the temperature activated clay swelling may have caused an apparent decrease in pore throat radii of shale which translates into higher capillary entry pressure of shale. Also, our results showed that there is no distinct relationship between shale’s water content, water activity, permeability, and porosity on the capillary entry pressure of shale samples as it interacted with CO₂ at different temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat" title="heat">heat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20pressure" title="threshold pressure">threshold pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20sequestration" title=" CO₂ sequestration"> CO₂ sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shale" title=" shale"> shale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148151/a-critical-appraisal-of-co2-entrance-pressure-with-heat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14347</span> Overview of the Various Factors Affecting the Properties of Microwave and Millimeterwave Dielectric Ceramics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Manan">Abdul Manan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dielectric Resonators (DRs) have revolutionized the microwave wireless communication industry globally. There are three directions for research in ceramics for application in telecommunication industry Three key properties of ceramic dielectrics that determine their functionality at microwave and millimetrewave frequencies include relative permittivity (εr), unloaded quality factor Qu- the inverse of the dielectric loss (tanδ) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf). Each direction requires specific properties. These dielectric properties are affected by a number of factors. These includes tolerance factor, onset of structural phase transitions, dark core formation, processing conditions, raw materials and impurities, order/disorder behavior, compositional ordering, porosity, humidity, grain size, orientation of the crystallites, and grain boundaries. The data related to these factors is scattered. The main purpose of this review is to bring these together and present the effects of these factors on the microwave dielectric properties. Control of these factors is important for improvement in the microwave properties. This review would be very helpful to the novice researchers and technologists in the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=order%20disorder" title="order disorder">order disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sintering" title=" sintering"> sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defect" title=" defect"> defect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20boundaries" title=" grain boundaries "> grain boundaries </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39818/overview-of-the-various-factors-affecting-the-properties-of-microwave-and-millimeterwave-dielectric-ceramics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14346</span> Process Optimization for 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel by Laser Metal Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siri%20Marthe%20Arbo">Siri Marthe Arbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afaf%20Saai"> Afaf Saai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sture%20S%C3%B8rli"> Sture Sørli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mette%20Nedreberg"> Mette Nedreberg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aims to establish a reliable approach for optimizing a Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process for a critical maritime component, based on the material properties and structural performance required by the maritime industry. The component of interest is a water jet impeller, for which specific requirements for material properties are defined. The developed approach is based on the assessment of the effects of LMD process parameters on microstructure and material performance of standard AM 2205 duplex stainless steel powder. Duplex stainless steel offers attractive properties for maritime applications, combining high strength, enhanced ductility and excellent corrosion resistance due to the specific amounts of ferrite and austenite. These properties are strongly affected by the microstructural characteristics in addition to microstructural defects such as porosity and welding defects, all strongly influenced by the chosen LMD process parameters. In this study, the influence of deposition speed and heat input was evaluated. First, the influences of deposition speed and heat input on the microstructure characteristics, including ferrite/austenite fraction, amount of porosity and welding defects, were evaluated. Then, the achieved mechanical properties were evaluated by standard testing methods, measuring the hardness, tensile strength and elongation, bending force and impact energy. The measured properties were compared to the requirements of the water jet impeller. The results show that the required amounts of ferrite and austenite can be achieved directly by the LMD process without post-weld heat treatments. No intermetallic phases were observed in the material produced by the investigated process parameters. A high deposition speed was found to reduce the ductility due to the formation of welding defects. An increased heat input was associated with reduced strength due to the coarsening of the ferrite/austenite microstructure. The microstructure characterizations and measured mechanical performance demonstrate the great potential of the LMD process and generate a valuable database for the optimization of the LMD process for duplex stainless steels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duplex%20stainless%20steel" title="duplex stainless steel">duplex stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20metal%20deposition" title=" laser metal deposition"> laser metal deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20optimization" title=" process optimization"> process optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140052/process-optimization-for-2205-duplex-stainless-steel-by-laser-metal-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14345</span> Index and Mechanical Geotechnical Properties and Their Control on the Strength and Durability of the Cainozoic Calcarenites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luvuno%20N.%20Jele">Luvuno N. Jele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warwick%20W.%20Hastie"> Warwick W. Hastie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Green"> Andrew Green</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Calcarenite is a clastic sedimentary beach rock composed of more than 50% sand sized (0.0625 – 2 mm) carbonate grains. In South Africa, these rocks occur as a narrow belt along most of the coast of KwaZulu-Natal and sporadically along the coast of the Eastern Cape. Calcarenites contain a high percentage of calcium carbonate, and due to a number of its physical and structural features, like porosity, cementing material, sedimentary structures, grain shape, and grain size; they are more prone to chemical and mechanical weathering. The objective of the research is to study the strength and compressibility characteristics of the calcarenites along the coast of KwaZulu-Natal to be able to better understand the geotechnical behaviour of these rocks, which may help to predict areas along the coast which may be potentially susceptible to failure/differential settling resulting in damage to property. A total of 148 cores were prepared and analyzed. Cores were analyzed perpendicular and parallel to bedding. Tests were carried out in accordance with the relevant codes and recommendations of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, American Standard Testing Methods, and Committee of Land and Transport Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Works for State Road Authorities. Test carried out included: x-ray diffraction, petrography, shape preferred orientation (SPO), 3-D Tomography, rock porosity, rock permeability, ethylene glycol, slake durability, rock water absorption, Duncan swelling index, triaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength and uniaxial compression test with elastic modulus. The beach-rocks have a uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) ranging from 17,84Mpa to 287,35Mpa and exhibit three types of failure; (1) single sliding shear failure, (2) complete cone development, and (3) splitting failure. Brazilian tensile strength of the rocks ranges from 2.56 Mpa to 12,40 Ma, with those tested perpendicular to bedding showing lower tensile strength. Triaxial compressive tests indicate calcarenites have strength ranging from 86,10 Mpa to 371,85 Mpa. Common failure mode in the triaxial test is a single sliding shear failure. Porosity of the rocks varies from 1.25 % to 26.52 %. Rock tests indicate that the direction of loading, whether it be parallel to bedding or perpendicular to bedding, plays no significantrole in the strength and durability of the calcarenites. Porosity, cement type, and grain texture play major roles.UCS results indicate that saturated cores are weaker in strength compared to dry samples. Thus, water or moisture content plays a significant role in the strength and durability of the beach-rock. Loosely packed, highly porous and low magnesian-calcite bearing calcarenites show a decrease in strength compared to the densely packed, low porosity and high magnesian-calcite bearing calcarenites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beach-rock" title="beach-rock">beach-rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcarenite" title=" calcarenite"> calcarenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive" title=" compressive"> compressive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile" title=" tensile"> tensile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grains" title=" grains"> grains</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155225/index-and-mechanical-geotechnical-properties-and-their-control-on-the-strength-and-durability-of-the-cainozoic-calcarenites-in-kwazulu-natal-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14344</span> Approaches for Minimizing Radioactive Tritium and ¹⁴C in Advanced High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Longkui%20Zhu">Longkui Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhengcao%20Li"> Zhengcao Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) are considered as one of the next-generation advanced nuclear reactors, in which porous nuclear graphite is used as neutron moderators, reflectors, structure materials, and cooled by inert helium. Radioactive tritium and ¹⁴C are generated in terms of reactions of thermal neutrons and ⁶Li, ¹⁴N, ¹⁰B impurely within nuclear graphite and the coolant during HTGRs operation. Currently, hydrogen and nitrogen diffusion behavior together with nuclear graphite microstructure evolution were investigated to minimize the radioactive waste release, using thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray computed tomography, the BET and mercury standard porosimetry methods. It is found that the peak value of graphite weight loss emerged at 573-673 K owing to nitrogen diffusion from graphite pores to outside when the system was subjected to vacuum. Macropore volume became larger while porosity for mesopores was smaller with temperature ranging from ambient temperature to 1073 K, which was primarily induced by coalescence of the subscale pores. It is suggested that the porous nuclear graphite should be first subjected to vacuum at 573-673 K to minimize the nitrogen and the radioactive 14°C before operation in HTGRs. Then, results on hydrogen diffusion show that the diffusible hydrogen and tritium could permeate into the coolant with diffusion coefficients of > 0.5 × 10⁻⁴ cm²·s⁻¹ at 50 bar. As a consequence, the freshly-generated diffusible tritium could release quickly to outside once formed, and an effective approach for minimizing the amount of radioactive tritium is to make the impurity contents extremely low in nuclear graphite and the coolant. Besides, both two- and three-dimensional observations indicate that macro and mesopore volume along with total porosity decreased with temperature at 50 bar on account of synergistic effects of applied compression strain, sharpened pore morphology, and non-uniform temperature distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20high%20temperature%20gas-cooled%20reactor" title="advanced high temperature gas-cooled reactor">advanced high temperature gas-cooled reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20and%20nitrogen%20diffusion" title=" hydrogen and nitrogen diffusion"> hydrogen and nitrogen diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure%20evolution" title=" microstructure evolution"> microstructure evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20graphite" title=" nuclear graphite"> nuclear graphite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioactive%20waste%20management" title=" radioactive waste management"> radioactive waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70163/approaches-for-minimizing-radioactive-tritium-and-14c-in-advanced-high-temperature-gas-cooled-reactors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14343</span> Lightweight Ceramics from Clay and Ground Corncobs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.Quaranta">N.Quaranta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Caligaris"> M. Caligaris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Varoli"> R. Varoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Cristobal"> A. Cristobal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Unsen"> M. Unsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20L%C3%B3pez"> H. López</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corncobs are agricultural wastes and they can be used as fuel or as raw material in different industrial processes like cement manufacture, contaminant adsorption, chemical compound synthesis, etc. The aim of this work is to characterize this waste and analyze the feasibility of its use as a pore-forming material in the manufacture of lightweight ceramics for the civil construction industry. The characterization of raw materials is carried out by using various techniques: electron diffraction analysis X-ray, differential and gravimetric thermal analyses, FTIR spectroscopy, ecotoxicity evaluation, among others. The ground corncobs, particle size less than 2 mm, are mixed with clay up to 30% in volume and shaped by uniaxial pressure of 25 MPa, with 6% humidity, in moulds of 70mm x 40mm x 18mm. Then the green bodies are heat treated at 950°C for two hours following the treatment curves used in ceramic industry. The ceramic probes are characterized by several techniques: density, porosity and water absorption, permanent volumetric variation, loss on ignition, microscopies analysis, and mechanical properties. DTA-TGA analysis of corncobs shows in the range 20°-250°C a small loss in TGA curve and exothermic peaks at 250°-500°C. FTIR spectrum of the corncobs sample shows the characteristic pattern of this kind of organic matter with stretching vibration bands of adsorbed water, methyl groups, C–O and C–C bonds, and the complex form of the cellulose and hemicellulose glycosidic bonds. The obtained ceramic bodies present external good characteristics without loose edges and adequate properties for the market requirements. The porosity values of the sintered pieces are higher than those of the reference sample without waste addition. The results generally indicate that it is possible to use corncobs as porosity former in ceramic bodies without modifying the usual sintering temperatures employed in the industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20industry" title="ceramic industry">ceramic industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemicellulose%20glycosidic%20bonds" title=" hemicellulose glycosidic bonds"> hemicellulose glycosidic bonds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21467/lightweight-ceramics-from-clay-and-ground-corncobs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14342</span> Influence of Physical Properties on Estimation of Mechanical Strength of Limestone </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Benyounes">Khaled Benyounes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determination of the rock mechanical properties such as unconfined compressive strength UCS, Young’s modulus E, and tensile strength by the Brazilian test Rtb is considered to be the most important component in drilling and mining engineering project. Research related to establishing correlation between strength and physical parameters of rocks has always been of interest to mining and reservoir engineering. For this, many rock blocks of limestone were collected from the quarry located in Meftah(Algeria), the cores were crafted in the laboratory using a core drill. This work examines the relationships between mechanical properties and some physical properties of limestone. Many empirical equations are established between UCS and physical properties of limestone (such as dry bulk density, velocity of P-waves, dynamic Young’s modulus, alteration index, and total porosity). Others correlations UCS-tensile strength, dynamic Young’s modulus-static Young’s modulus have been find. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, we were able to establish mathematical relationships that will allow estimating the cohesion and internal friction angle from UCS and indirect tensile strength. Results from this study can be useful for mining industry for resolve range of geomechanical problems such as slope stability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limestone" title="limestone">limestone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20strength" title=" mechanical strength"> mechanical strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%E2%80%99s%20modulus" title=" Young’s modulus"> Young’s modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16336/influence-of-physical-properties-on-estimation-of-mechanical-strength-of-limestone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14341</span> The Implementation of Poisson Impedance Inversion to Improve Hydrocarbon Reservoir Characterization in Poseidon Field, Browse Basin, Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riky%20Tri%20Hartagung">Riky Tri Hartagung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Syamsu%20Rosid"> Mohammad Syamsu Rosid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The lithology prediction process, as well as the fluid content is the most important part in the reservoir characterization. One of the methods used in this process is the simultaneous seismic inversion method. In the Posseidon field, Browse Basin, Australia, the parameters generated through simultaneous seismic inversion are not able to characterize the reservoir accurately because of the overlapping impedance values between hydrocarbon sand, water sand, and shale, which causes a high level of ambiguity in the interpretation. The Poisson Impedance inversion provides a solution to this problem by rotating the impedance a few degrees, which is obtained through the coefficient c. Coefficient c is obtained through the Target Correlation Coefficient Analysis (TCCA) by finding the optimum correlation coefficient between Poisson Impedance and the target log, namely gamma ray, effective porosity, and resistivity. Correlation of each of these target logs will produce Lithology Impedance (LI) which is sensitive to lithology sand, Porosity Impedance (ϕI) which is sensitive to porous sand, and Fluid Impedance (FI) which is sensitive to fluid content. The results show that PI gives better results in separating hydrocarbon saturated reservoir zones. Based on the results of the LI-GR crossplot, the ϕI-effective porosity crossplot, and the FI-Sw crossplot with optimum correlations of 0.74, 0.91, and 0.82 respectively, it shows that the lithology of hidrocarbon-saturated porous sand is at the value of LI ≤ 2800 (m/s)(g *cc), ϕI ≤ 5500 (m/s)(g*cc), and FI ≤ 4000 (m/s)(g*cc). The presence of low values of LI, ϕI, and FI correlates accurately with the presence of hydrocarbons in the well. Each value of c is then applied to the seismic data. The results show that the PI inversion gives a good distribution of Hydrocarbon-saturated porous sand lithology. The distribution of hydrocarbon saturated porous sand on the seismic inversion section is seen in the northeast – southwest direction, which is estimated as the direction of gas distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20characterization" title="reservoir characterization">reservoir characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poisson%20impedance" title=" poisson impedance"> poisson impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=browse%20basin" title=" browse basin"> browse basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poseidon%20field" title=" poseidon field"> poseidon field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148389/the-implementation-of-poisson-impedance-inversion-to-improve-hydrocarbon-reservoir-characterization-in-poseidon-field-browse-basin-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14340</span> Wave Interaction with Single and Twin Vertical and Sloped Porous Walls </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Alkhalidi">Mohamad Alkhalidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Neelamani"> S. Neelamani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Alanjari"> Noor Alanjari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of harbors and marinas is to create a calm and safe docking space for marine vessels. Standard rubble mound breakwaters, although widely used, occupy port space and require large amounts of stones or rocks. Kuwait does not have good quality stone, so they are imported at a very high cost. Therefore, there is a need for a new wave energy dissipating structure where stones and rocks are scarce. While permeable slotted vertical walls have been proved to be a suitable alternative to rubble mound breakwaters, the introduction of sloped slotted walls may be more efficient in dissipating wave energy. For example, two slotted barriers with 60degree inclination may be equivalent to three vertical slotted barriers from wave energy dissipation point of view. A detailed physical model study is carried out to determine the effects of slope angle, porosity, and a number of walls on wave energy dissipation for a wide range of random and regular waves. The results of this study can be used to improve and optimize energy dissipation and reduce construction cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title="porosity">porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title=" slope"> slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20reflection" title=" wave reflection"> wave reflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20transmission" title=" wave transmission"> wave transmission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59353/wave-interaction-with-single-and-twin-vertical-and-sloped-porous-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14339</span> Carbon Aerogels with Tailored Porosity as Cathode in Li-Ion Capacitors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Canal-Rodr%C3%ADguez">María Canal-Rodríguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Arnaiz"> María Arnaiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Rey-Raap"> Natalia Rey-Raap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Arenillas"> Ana Arenillas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jon%20Ajuria"> Jon Ajuria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The constant demand of electrical energy, as well as the increase in environmental concern, lead to the necessity of investing in clean and eco-friendly energy sources that implies the development of enhanced energy storage devices. Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are the most widespread energy systems. Batteries are able to storage high energy densities contrary to capacitors, which main strength is the high-power density supply and the long cycle life. The combination of both technologies gave rise to Li-ion capacitors (LICs), which offers all these advantages in a single device. This is achieved combining a capacitive, supercapacitor-like positive electrode with a faradaic, battery-like negative electrode. Due to the abundance and affordability, dual carbon-based LICs are nowadays the common technology. Normally, an Active Carbon (AC) is used as the EDLC like electrode, while graphite is the material commonly employed as anode. LICs are potential systems to be used in applications in which high energy and power densities are required, such us kinetic energy recovery systems. Although these devices are already in the market, some drawbacks like the limited power delivered by graphite or the energy limiting nature of AC must be solved to trigger their used. Focusing on the anode, one possibility could be to replace graphite with Hard Carbon (HC). The better rate capability of the latter increases the power performance of the device. Moreover, the disordered carbonaceous structure of HCs enables storage twice the theoretical capacity of graphite. With respect to the cathode, the ACs are characterized for their high volume of micropores, in which the charge is storage. Nevertheless, they normally do not show mesoporous, which are really important mainly at high C-rates as they act as transport channels for the ions to reach the micropores. Usually, the porosity of ACs cannot be tailored, as it strongly depends on the precursor employed to get the final carbon. Moreover, they are not characterized for having a high electrical conductivity, which is an important characteristic to get a good performance in energy storage applications. A possible candidate to substitute ACs are carbon aerogels (CAs). CAs are materials that combine a high porosity with great electrical conductivity, opposite characteristics in carbon materials. Furthermore, its porous properties can be tailored quite accurately according to with the requirements of the application. In the present study, CAs with controlled porosity were obtained from polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde by microwave heating. Varying the synthesis conditions, mainly the amount of precursors and pH of the precursor solution, carbons with different textural properties were obtained. The way the porous characteristics affect the performance of the cathode was studied by means of a half-cell configuration. The material with the best performance was evaluated as cathode in a LIC versus a hard carbon as anode. An analogous full LIC made by a high microporous commercial cathode was also assembled for comparison purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=li-ion%20capacitors" title="li-ion capacitors">li-ion capacitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage" title=" energy storage"> energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailored%20porosity" title=" tailored porosity"> tailored porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20aerogels" title=" carbon aerogels"> carbon aerogels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144603/carbon-aerogels-with-tailored-porosity-as-cathode-in-li-ion-capacitors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14338</span> Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Limestone in the Quarry of Meftah (Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Benyounes">Khaled Benyounes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determination of the rock mechanical properties such as unconfined compressive strength UCS, Young’s modulus E, and tensile strength by the Brazilian test Rtb is considered to be the most important component in drilling and mining engineering project. Research related to establishing correlation between strength and physical parameters of rocks has always been of interest to mining and reservoir engineering. For this, many rock blocks of limestone were collected from the quarry located in Meftah (Algeria), the cores were crafted in the laboratory using a core drill. This work examines the relationships between mechanical properties and some physical properties of limestone. Many empirical equations are established between UCS and physical properties of limestone (such as dry bulk density, velocity of P-waves, dynamic Young’s modulus, alteration index, and total porosity). Other correlations, UCS - tensile strength, dynamic Young’s modulus - static Young’s modulus have been find. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, we were able to establish mathematical relationships that will allow estimating the cohesion and internal friction angle from UCS and indirect tensile strength. Results from this study can be useful for mining industry for resolve range of geomechanical problems such as slope stability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limestone" title="limestone">limestone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20strength" title=" mechanical strength"> mechanical strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%E2%80%99s%20modulus" title=" Young’s modulus"> Young’s modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8819/physical-and-mechanical-characterization-of-limestone-in-the-quarry-of-meftah-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">637</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14337</span> Effects of Tillage and Poultry Manure on Soil Properties and Yam Performance on Alfisol in Southwest Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeleye%20Ebenezer%20Omotayo">Adeleye Ebenezer Omotayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main effects of tillage, poultry manure and interaction effects of tillage-poultry manure combinations on soil characteristics and yam yield were investigated in a factorial experiment involving four tillage techniques namely (ploughing (p), ploughing plus harrowing (PH), manual ridging (MR), manual heaping (MH) and poultry manure at two levels 0 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 arranged in split-plot design. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Institute Package. Soil moisture content, bulk density and total porosity were significantly (p>0.05) influenced by soil tillage techniques. Manually heaped and ridged plots had the lowest soil bulk density, moisture content and highest total porosity. The soil total N, exchangeable Mg, k, base saturation and CEC were better enhanced in manually tilled plots. Soil nutrients status declined at the end of the second cropping for all the tillage techniques in the order PH>P>MH>MR. Yam tuber yields were better enhanced in manually tilled plots than mechanically tilled plots. Poultry manure application reduced soil bulk density, temperature, increased total porosity and soil moisture content. It also improved soil organic matter, total N, available P, exchangeable Mg, Ca, K and lowered exchange acidity. It also increased yam tuber yield significantly. Tillage techniques plots amended with poultry manure enhanced yam tuber yield relative to tillage techniques plots without poultry manure application. It is concluded that yam production on alfisol in Southwest Nigeria requires loose soil structure for tuber development and that the use of poultry manure in combination with tillage is recommended as it will ensure stability of soil structure, improve soil organic matter status, nutrient availability and high yam tuber yield. Also, it will help to reduce the possible deleterious effects of tillage on soil properties and yam performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ploughing" title="ploughing">ploughing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry%20%20manure" title=" poultry manure"> poultry manure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yam" title=" yam"> yam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8260/effects-of-tillage-and-poultry-manure-on-soil-properties-and-yam-performance-on-alfisol-in-southwest-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14336</span> Influential Effect of Self-Healing Treatment on Water Absorption and Electrical Resistance of Normal and Light Weight Aggregate Concretes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Tayebani">B. Tayebani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hosseinibalam"> N. Hosseinibalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Mostofinejad"> D. Mostofinejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interest in using bacteria in cement materials due to its positive influences has been increased. Cement materials such as mortar and concrete basically suffer from higher porosity and water absorption compared to other building materials such as steel materials. Because of the negative side-effects of certain chemical techniques, biological methods have been proposed as a desired and environmentally friendly strategy for reducing concrete porosity and diminishing water absorption. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the influence of <em>Sporosarcina pasteurii</em> bacteria on the behaviour of two types of concretes (light weight aggregate concrete and normal weight concrete). The resistance of specimens to water penetration by testing water absorption and evaluating the electrical resistance of those concretes was examined and compared. As a conclusion, 20% increase in electrical resistance and 10% reduction in water absorption of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) and for normal concrete the results show 7% decrease in water absorption and almost 10% increase in electrical resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20method" title=" biological method"> biological method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20weight%20concrete" title=" normal weight concrete"> normal weight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20aggregate%20concrete" title=" lightweight aggregate concrete"> lightweight aggregate concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20absorption" title=" water absorption"> water absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistance" title=" electrical resistance"> electrical resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105329/influential-effect-of-self-healing-treatment-on-water-absorption-and-electrical-resistance-of-normal-and-light-weight-aggregate-concretes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14335</span> Tribological Behavior of Warm Rolled Spray Formed Al-6Si-1Mg-1Graphite Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surendra%20Kumar%20Chourasiya">Surendra Kumar Chourasiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Kumar"> Sandeep Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Singh"> Devendra Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present investigation tribological behavior of Al-6Si-1Mg-1Graphite composite has been explained. The composite was developed through the unique spray forming route in the spray forming chamber by using N₂ gas at 7kg/cm² and the flight distance was 400 mm. Spray formed composite having a certain amount of porosity which was reduced by the deformations. The composite was subjected to the warm rolling (WR) at 250ºC up to 40% reduction. Spray forming composite shows the considerable microstructure refinement, equiaxed grains, distribution of silicon and graphite particles in the primary matrix of the composite. Graphite (Gr) was incorporated externally during the process that works as a solid lubricant. Porosity decreased after reduction and hardness increases. Pin on disc test has been performed to analyze the wear behavior which is the function of sliding distance for all percent reduction of the composite. 30% WR composite shows the better result of wear rate and coefficient of friction. The improved wear properties of the composite containing Gr are discussed in light of the microstructural features of spray formed the composite and the nature of the debris particles. Scanning electron microscope and optical microscope analysis of the present material supported the prediction of aforementioned changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-6Si-1Mg-1Graphite" title="Al-6Si-1Mg-1Graphite">Al-6Si-1Mg-1Graphite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20forming" title=" spray forming"> spray forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warm%20rolling" title=" warm rolling"> warm rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77455/tribological-behavior-of-warm-rolled-spray-formed-al-6si-1mg-1graphite-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 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