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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Anatomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anatomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Anatomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Epidermis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidermis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Epidermis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidermis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesophyll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesophyll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Mesophyll</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesophyll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Veins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Hairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waxy_cuticle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waxy_cuticle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Waxy cuticle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waxy_cuticle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Shape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Shape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Shape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Shape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Basic_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Basic types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basic_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrangement_on_the_stem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrangement_on_the_stem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Arrangement on the stem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrangement_on_the_stem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisions_of_the_blade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisions_of_the_blade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Divisions of the blade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisions_of_the_blade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petioles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petioles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Petioles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petioles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stipules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stipules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Stipules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stipules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leaf_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaf_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Leaf adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaf_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leaf</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 149 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">149 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaar" title="Blaar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Blaar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blatt_(Pflanze)" title="Blatt (Pflanze) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Blatt (Pflanze)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%93af" title="Lēaf – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lēaf" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ورقة نبات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ورقة نبات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuella" title="Fuella – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fuella" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A2ndz%C3%A2" title="Frândzâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Frândzâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B4lye" title="Fôlye – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Fôlye" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="পাত – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পাত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fueya" title="Fueya – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fueya" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togue" title="Togue – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Togue" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laphi" title="Laphi – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Laphi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarpaq" title="Yarpaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yarpaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%82" title="یارپاق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یارپاق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="পাতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hio%CC%8Dh-%C3%A1" title="Hio̍h-á – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hio̍h-á" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Япраҡ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Япраҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82" title="Ліст – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ліст" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Лісьце – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лісьце" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahon" title="Dahon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dahon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Лист – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лист" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladdl" title="Bladdl – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bladdl" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ལོ་མ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལོ་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/List" title="List – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="List" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deil" title="Deil – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Deil" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulla" title="Fulla – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fulla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BB%C3%A7%C4%83" title="Çулçă – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çулçă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/List" title="List – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="List" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shizha" title="Shizha – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Shizha" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foglia" title="Foglia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Foglia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deilen" title="Deilen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Deilen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blad_(plantedel)" title="Blad (plantedel) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Blad (plantedel)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blatt_(Pflanze)" title="Blatt (Pflanze) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blatt (Pflanze)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81opjeno" title="Łopjeno – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Łopjeno" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leht" title="Leht – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF_(%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Φύλλο (βοτανική) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φύλλο (βοτανική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Leaf" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoja" title="Hoja – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hoja" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folio" title="Folio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Folio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosto" title="Hosto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hosto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="برگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feuille" title="Feuille – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Feuille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%AAd_(plant)" title="Blêd (plant) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Blêd (plant)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duilleog" title="Duilleog – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Duilleog" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duillag" title="Duillag – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Duillag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duilleag" title="Duilleag – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Duilleag" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folla" title="Folla – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Folla" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%CC%8Dp-%C3%A9" title="Ya̍p-é – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ya̍p-é" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%8E" title="잎 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잎" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87" title="Տերև – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տերև" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="पत्ती – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पत्ती" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81opjeno" title="Łopjeno – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Łopjeno" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/List" title="List – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="List" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folio" title="Folio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Folio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun" title="Daun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folio" title="Folio – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Folio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%91%AD%E1%95%88%E1%90%8A%E1%95%88%E1%96%85" title="ᐊᑭᕈᐊᕈᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᑭᕈᐊᕈᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauf" title="Lauf – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lauf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foglia" title="Foglia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Foglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94" title="עלה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godhong" title="Godhong – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Godhong" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Hayʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hayʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ಎಲೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ფოთოლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფოთოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Жапырақ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жапырақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani" title="Jani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A8y" title="Fèy – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fèy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel" title="Pel – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pel" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жалбырак – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жалбырак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%B8%D0%BB%D3%B9%D1%88%D1%82%D3%93%D1%88_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Ӹлӹштӓш (ботаника) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ӹлӹштӓш (ботаника)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folium" title="Folium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Folium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapas" title="Lapas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lapas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blat_(Planz)" title="Blat (Planz) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Blat (Planz)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapas" title="Lapas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lapas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_(nzet%C3%A9)" title="Nkásá (nzeté) – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nkásá (nzeté)" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2ia" title="Fòia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fòia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%C3%A9l_(botanika)" title="Levél (botanika) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Levél (botanika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Лист (ботаника) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лист (ботаника)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravina_(zavamaniry)" title="Ravina (zavamaniry) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ravina (zavamaniry)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2" title="ഇല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rau" title="Rau – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rau" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF" title="ولگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ولگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun" title="Daun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%8Fh-ni%C5%8Fh" title="Niŏh-niŏh – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Niŏh-niŏh" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izhuatl" title="Izhuatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Izhuatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blad" title="Blad – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Blad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="पात – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पात" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%89" title="葉 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="葉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fronna" title="Fronna – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Fronna" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0" title="ГӀа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleer_(Plaanten)" title="Bleer (Plaanten) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bleer (Plaanten)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blad" title="Blad – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Blad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauv" title="Lauv – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lauv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fielle" title="Fielle – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Fielle" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%A8lha" title="Fuèlha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fuèlha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baala" title="Baala – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Baala" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barg" title="Barg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Barg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੱਤਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੱਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="پتا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پتا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%87" title="پاڼه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پاڼه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Liść – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liść" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folha" title="Folha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Folha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frunz%C4%83" title="Frunză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frunză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphi" title="Raphi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Raphi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Лист – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лист" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%85" title="Сэбирдэх – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сэбирдэх" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Leaf" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasaw" title="Wasaw – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Wasaw" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjethja" title="Gjethja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjethja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fogghia" title="Fogghia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fogghia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85" title="කොළ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොළ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86" title="پن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_(botanika)" title="List (botanika) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="List (botanika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/List" title="List – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="List" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caleen" title="Caleen – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Caleen" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7" title="گەڵا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەڵا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Лист – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лист" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/List" title="List – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="List" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun" title="Daun – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Daun" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehti_(kasvitiede)" title="Lehti (kasvitiede) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lehti (kasvitiede)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blad" title="Blad – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Blad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahon_(halaman)" title="Dahon (halaman) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dahon (halaman)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="இலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iferr" title="Iferr – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iferr" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/abaw" title="abaw – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="abaw" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="పత్రము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పత్రము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="ใบไม้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ใบไม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Барг – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Барг" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಇರೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇರೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaprak" title="Yaprak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yaprak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikyo" title="Kikyo – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kikyo" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Листок – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Листок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%89" title="پتى – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پتى" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%82" title="يوپۇرماق – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يوپۇرماق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbaw" title="Mbaw – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Mbaw" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foja" title="Foja – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Foja" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1" title="Lá – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lá" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foye" title="Foye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Foye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahon" title="Dahon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dahon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B6" title="叶 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="叶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%98" title="בלאט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בלאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ew%C3%A9" title="Ewé – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ewé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%89" title="葉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="葉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laps" title="Laps – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Laps" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%89" title="葉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dun" title="Dun – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Dun" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun" title="Daun – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Daun" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulung" title="Bulung – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bulung" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" 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height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Leaves_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Ussi_-_Foglie_22.jpg/330px-Leaves_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Ussi_-_Foglie_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Leaves_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Ussi_-_Foglie_22.jpg/440px-Leaves_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Ussi_-_Foglie_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Leaves - Photo by Giovanni Ussi - Foglie 22</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leaf_epidermis_w_scale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Leaf_epidermis_w_scale.jpg/230px-Leaf_epidermis_w_scale.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Leaf_epidermis_w_scale.jpg/345px-Leaf_epidermis_w_scale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Leaf_epidermis_w_scale.jpg/460px-Leaf_epidermis_w_scale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope" title="Scanning electron microscope">SEM</a> image of <i>Nicotiana alata</i> leaf's epidermis, showing <a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">trichomes</a> (hair-like appendages) and <a href="/wiki/Stoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoma">stomata</a> (eye-shaped slits, visible at full resolution).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leaf_Structure.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medium scale diagram of leaf internal anatomy"><img alt="Medium scale diagram of leaf internal anatomy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Leaf_Structure.svg/281px-Leaf_Structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="281" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Leaf_Structure.svg/422px-Leaf_Structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Leaf_Structure.svg/562px-Leaf_Structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Medium scale diagram of leaf internal anatomy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leaf_Tissue_Structure.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fine scale diagram of leaf structure"><img alt="Fine scale diagram of leaf structure" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Leaf_Tissue_Structure.svg/280px-Leaf_Tissue_Structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Leaf_Tissue_Structure.svg/420px-Leaf_Tissue_Structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Leaf_Tissue_Structure.svg/560px-Leaf_Tissue_Structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Fine scale diagram of leaf structure</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leaf_morphology_no_title.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Leaf_morphology_no_title.svg/230px-Leaf_morphology_no_title.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Leaf_morphology_no_title.svg/345px-Leaf_morphology_no_title.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Leaf_morphology_no_title.svg/460px-Leaf_morphology_no_title.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2166" data-file-height="1985" /></a><figcaption>Leaves can have different shapes. The part of <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> that studies the shapes of things is called <i><a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">Morphology</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>leaf</b> is a green above-ground <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plant</a> <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)" title="Organ (anatomy)">organ</a>. Its main functions are <a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a> and gas exchange. A leaf is flat so it absorbs the most light, and thin, so that the sunlight can get to the <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplasts</a> in the cells. Most leaves have <a href="/wiki/Stomata" title="Stomata">stomata</a>, which open and close. They <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/regulation" class="extiw" title="wikt:regulation">regulate</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Water_vapour" class="mw-redirect" title="Water vapour">water vapour</a> exchange with the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a>. </p><p>Plants with leaves all year round are <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreens</a>, and those that shed their leaves are <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a>. Deciduous trees and shrubs generally lose their leaves in <a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">autumn</a>. Before this happens, the leaves change colour. The leaves will grow back in <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">spring</a>. Leaves are normally <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a> in color, which comes from <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">chlorophyll</a> found in the chloroplasts. Plants that lack chlorophyll cannot <a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesize</a>. </p><p>Leaves come in many shapes and sizes. The biggest undivided leaf is that of a giant edible <a href="/wiki/Arum" class="mw-redirect" title="Arum">arum</a>. This lives in <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshy</a> parts of the <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Rain_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Rain forest">rain forest</a> of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>. One of its leaves can be ten feet across and have a surface area of over 30 square feet (~2.8 sq. metres).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, leaves are always thin so carbon dioxide can <a href="/wiki/Diffuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Diffuse">diffuse</a> quickly to all cells. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomy">Anatomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Anatomy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Anatomy"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A leaf is a plant organ made up of tissues in a regular organisation. The major tissue systems present are: </p> <ol><li>The <b>epidermis</b> that covers the upper and lower surfaces</li> <li>The <b>mesophyll</b> (also called <b>chlorenchyma</b>) inside the leaf that is rich in chloroplasts</li> <li>The arrangement of <b>veins</b> (the <a href="/wiki/Vascular_tissue" title="Vascular tissue">vascular tissue</a>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epidermis">Epidermis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Epidermis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Epidermis"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Epidermis" title="Epidermis">epidermis</a> is the outer layer of <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell (biology)">cells</a> covering the leaf. It forms the boundary separating the plant's inner cells from the external environment. </p><p>The epidermis is covered with pores called <i><a href="/wiki/Stomata" title="Stomata">stomata</a></i>. Each pore is surrounded on each side by chloroplast-containing guard cells, and two to four subsidiary cells. Opening and closing the stoma complex controls the exchange of gases and water vapor between the outside air and the interior of the leaf. This allows photosynthesis, without letting the leaf dry out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mesophyll">Mesophyll</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Mesophyll" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Mesophyll"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis is a tissue called the <b>mesophyll</b> (Greek for "middle leaf"). This tissue is the main place photosynthesis takes place. The products of photosynthesis are <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugars</a>, which can be turned into other products in plant cells. </p><p>In ferns and most flowering plants, the mesophyll is divided into two layers: </p> <ul><li>An upper <b><a href="/wiki/Palisade_cell" title="Palisade cell">palisade layer</a></b> of tightly packed, vertical cells, one to two cells thick. Its cells contain many chloroplasts. The chloroplasts move by a process called "cyclosis". The slight separation of the cells provides maximum <a href="/wiki/Absorption" title="Absorption">absorption</a> of carbon dioxide. Leaves in the Sun have a multi-layered palisade layer, while shade leaves closer to the soil are single-layered.</li> <li>Beneath the palisade layer is the <b>spongy layer</b>. The cells of the spongy layer are more rounded and not so tightly packed. There are large air spaces between the cells. These cells contain fewer chloroplasts than those of the palisade layer. The pores or stomata of the epidermis open into chambers, which are connected to the air spaces between the spongy layer cells.</li></ul> <p>Plants with leaves all year round are evergreens, and those that shed their leaves are <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a>. Deciduous trees and shrubs generally lose their leaves in autumn. Before this happens, the leaves change colour. The leaves grow back in Spring. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veins">Veins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Veins" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Veins"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taro_leaf_underside,_backlit_by_sun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Taro_leaf_underside%2C_backlit_by_sun.jpg/200px-Taro_leaf_underside%2C_backlit_by_sun.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Taro_leaf_underside%2C_backlit_by_sun.jpg/300px-Taro_leaf_underside%2C_backlit_by_sun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Taro_leaf_underside%2C_backlit_by_sun.jpg/400px-Taro_leaf_underside%2C_backlit_by_sun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2238" /></a><figcaption>Branching veins on underside of <a href="/wiki/Taro" title="Taro">taro</a> leaf</figcaption></figure> <p>The 'veins' are a dense network of <a href="/wiki/Xylem" title="Xylem">xylem</a>, which supply water for photosynthesis, and <a href="/wiki/Phloem" title="Phloem">phloem</a>, which remove the sugars produced by photosynthesis. The pattern of the veins is called 'venation'. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperms">angiosperms</a> the pattern of venation differs in the two main groups. Venation is usually is parallel in <a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">monocotyledons</a>, but is an interconnecting network in broad-leaved plants (<a href="/wiki/Dicotyledon" title="Dicotyledon">dicotyledons</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hairs">Hairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Hairs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Hairs"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drosera_capensis_bend.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Drosera_capensis_bend.JPG/220px-Drosera_capensis_bend.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Drosera_capensis_bend.JPG/330px-Drosera_capensis_bend.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Drosera_capensis_bend.JPG/440px-Drosera_capensis_bend.JPG 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Sticky trichomes of a <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous_plant" title="Carnivorous plant">carnivorous plant</a>, <i>Drosera capensis</i> with a trapped insect</figcaption></figure> <p>Many leaves are covered in <a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">trichomes</a> (small hairs) which have a wide range of structures and functions. Some trichomes are prickles, some are scaled, some <a href="/wiki/Secretion" title="Secretion">secrete</a> substances such as oil. <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous_plant" title="Carnivorous plant">Carnivorous plants</a> secrete digestive enzymes from trichomes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waxy_cuticle">Waxy cuticle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Waxy cuticle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Waxy cuticle"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The waxy cuticle is the waterproof, transparent outer surface of the leaf. It is waterproof to reduce water loss (<a href="/wiki/Transpiration" title="Transpiration">transpiration</a>) and transparent to allow light to enter the palisade cell. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shape">Shape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Shape" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Shape"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>What leaves look like on the plant varies greatly. Closely related plants have the same kind of leaves because they have all descended from a common ancestor. The terms for describing leaf shape and pattern is shown, in illustrated form, at <a class="external text" href="https://wikibooks.org/wiki/Botany/Leaves_(forms)">Wikibooks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_types">Basic types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Basic types" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Basic types"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fichtennadel_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Fichtennadel_%28crop%29.jpg/200px-Fichtennadel_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Fichtennadel_%28crop%29.jpg/300px-Fichtennadel_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Fichtennadel_%28crop%29.jpg/400px-Fichtennadel_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption>Leaves of the white spruce (<i>Picea glauca</i>) are needle-shaped and their arrangement is spiral</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clubmoss" title="Clubmoss">Lycophytes</a> have <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microphyll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microphyll (not yet started)">microphyll</a> leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Ferns</a> have <a href="/wiki/Frond" title="Frond">fronds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">Conifer</a> leaves are typically needle-, awl-, or scale-shaped</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperm</a> (flowering plant) leaves: the standard form includes stipules, a petiole, and a lamina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Sheath</a> leaves (type found in most <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grasses</a>)</li> <li>Other specialized leaves (such as those of <i><a href="/wiki/Nepenthes" title="Nepenthes">Nepenthes</a></i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrangement_on_the_stem">Arrangement on the stem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Arrangement on the stem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Arrangement on the stem"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different terms are usually used to describe leaf placement (<a href="/wiki/Phyllotaxis" title="Phyllotaxis">phyllotaxis</a>): </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leaves_opposite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Leaves_opposite.jpg/200px-Leaves_opposite.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Leaves_opposite.jpg/300px-Leaves_opposite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Leaves_opposite.jpg/400px-Leaves_opposite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="855" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>The leaves on this plant are arranged in pairs opposite one another, with successive pairs at right angles to each other ("decussate") along the red stem. Note the developing buds in the axils of these leaves.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Alternate</b> — succeessive leaves in alternate direction along the stem.</li> <li><b>Opposite</b> — Two structures, one on each opposite side of the stem, typically leaves, branches, or flower parts.</li> <li><b>Whorled</b> — three or more leaves attach at each point or node on the stem.</li></ul> <p>Leaves form a <a href="/wiki/Helix" title="Helix">helix</a> pattern centered around the stem, with (depending upon the species) the same angle of divergence. There is a regularity in these angles and they follow the numbers in a <a href="/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibonacci sequence">Fibonacci sequence</a>. This tends to give the best chance for the leaves to catch light. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisions_of_the_blade">Divisions of the blade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Divisions of the blade" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Divisions of the blade"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leaf_1_web.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Leaf_1_web.jpg/200px-Leaf_1_web.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Leaf_1_web.jpg/300px-Leaf_1_web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Leaf_1_web.jpg/400px-Leaf_1_web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A leaf with laminar structure and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinnate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinnate (not yet started)">pinnate</a> venation</figcaption></figure> <p>Two basic forms of leaves can be described considering the way the blade (lamina) is divided. </p> <ul><li>A <b>simple leaf</b> has an undivided blade. However, the leaf shape may be formed of lobes, but the gaps between lobes do not reach to the main vein.</li> <li>A <b>compound leaf</b> has a fully subdivided blade, each leaflet of the blade separated along a main or secondary vein. Because each leaflet can appear to be a simple leaf, it is important to recognize where the petiole occurs to identify a compound leaf. Compound leaves are a characteristic of some families of higher plants, such as the <a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a>. The middle vein of a compound leaf or a frond, when it is present, is called a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rachis (not yet started)">rachis</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Petioles">Petioles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Petioles" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Petioles"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rabarber_stelen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rabarber_stelen.jpg/200px-Rabarber_stelen.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rabarber_stelen.jpg/300px-Rabarber_stelen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rabarber_stelen.jpg/400px-Rabarber_stelen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>The overgrown petioles of <a href="/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb">Rhubarb</a> (<i>Rheum rhabarbarum</i>) are edible.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some leaves have a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petiole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petiole (not yet started)">petiole</a> (leaf stem). Sessile leaves do not: the blade attaches directly to the stem. Sometimes the leaf blade surrounds the stem, giving the impression that the shoot grows through the leaf. </p><p>In some <i><a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">Acacia</a></i> species, such as the Koa Tree (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acacia_koa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acacia koa (not yet started)">Acacia koa</a></i>), the petioles are expanded or broadened and function like leaf blades; these are called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllode (not yet started)">phyllodes</a>. There may or may not be normal pinnate leaves at the tip of the phyllode. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stipules">Stipules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Stipules" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Stipules"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stipule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stipule (not yet started)">stipule</a>, present on the leaves of many <a href="/wiki/Dicotyledon" title="Dicotyledon">dicotyledons</a>, is an appendage on each side at the base of the petiole resembling a small leaf. Stipules may be shed or not shed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leaf_adaptations">Leaf adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Leaf adaptations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Leaf adaptations"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inflorescence_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Inflorescence_1.jpg/250px-Inflorescence_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Inflorescence_1.jpg/375px-Inflorescence_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Inflorescence_1.jpg/500px-Inflorescence_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Poinsettia" title="Poinsettia">Poinsettia</a> <a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">bracts</a> are leaves which have evolved red pigmentation in order to attract insects and birds to the central flowers, an adaptive function normally served by <a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">petals</a> (which are themselves leaves highly modified by evolution).</figcaption></figure> <p>In the course of <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>, many species have leaves which are <a href="/wiki/Adaptation" title="Adaptation">adapted</a> to other functions. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spine_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spine (botany)">Thorns</a> help protect the plant from being eaten.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">Vines</a> help the plant to attach to surfaces, and helps to climb trees.</li> <li>Some leaves are used to store <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> in bulbs. An example is the <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a>.</li> <li>Many <a href="/wiki/Succulent" class="mw-redirect" title="Succulent">succulents</a> store <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> in some of their leaves.</li> <li>Some plants (called <a href="/wiki/Epiphyte" title="Epiphyte">epiphytes</a>) grow on other plants. They do not have <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">roots</a> in the ground. They capture <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rainwater</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivorous_plant" title="Carnivorous plant">Carnivorous plants</a> use leaves adapted to capture their <a href="/wiki/Prey" class="mw-redirect" title="Prey">prey</a>.</li> <li>Sliced leaves reduce wind resistance.</li> <li>Hairs on the leaf surface trap humidity in dry climates.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">Waxy</a> leaf surfaces reduce water loss.</li> <li>Large surface area provides area for sunlight and shade for plant to minimize heating and reduce water loss.</li> <li>In more or less opaque or buried in the soil leaves, translucent windows let the light in.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succulent" class="mw-redirect" title="Succulent">Succulent</a> leaves store water and organic acids.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aromatic_oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aromatic oil (not yet started)">Aromatic oils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poison" title="Poison">poisons</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pheromone" title="Pheromone">pheromones</a> produced by leaf borne glands deter herbivores (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>).</li> <li>Crystalline minerals may herbivores (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phytolith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phytolith (not yet started)">phytoliths</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grass" title="Grass">grasses</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raphide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raphide (not yet started)">raphides</a> in <a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">Petals</a> attracts pollinators.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tendril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tendril (not yet started)">Tendrils</a> allow the plant to climb (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Pea" title="Pea">peas</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">Bracts</a> and 'false flowers' replace normal flower structures when the true flowers are greatly reduced (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Spurge" class="mw-redirect" title="Spurge">Spurges</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Attenborough, David 1995. <i>The private lives of plants: a natural history of plant behaviour</i>. London: BBC Books, p47. (includes photograph, but <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> not identified.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">They are leaves which are supplied by a single unbranched vein.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leaf&oldid=9752238">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leaf&oldid=9752238</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Basic_English_850_words" title="Category:Basic English 850 words">Basic English 850 words</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plant_anatomy" title="Category:Plant anatomy">Plant anatomy</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 5 September 2024, at 21:12.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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