CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913517dbad9b9e2f',cH: 'vNwlRY3K5ISTb8ddWmj.uvxit80J_HTjl.KrRlZLFEk-1739788133-1.2.1.1-Tetwni1d.2MqsHHhUIDbq1K6EOvB2iAyW0r5L83n2rKS5Se8Kci5Wnbeep5F6rH0',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/17371\/development-of-3d-particle-method-for-calculating-large-deformation-of-soils?__cf_chl_tk=Rm1vFN0zc2MnecVqdbZKgGjvO8JKWy6IqMdbvVSpf5Q-1739788133-1.0.1.1-hcviMHWGqJ2CITSV5enKD5oHpAgtSpoHEuUxj.x9Qk4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788133',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/17371\/development-of-3d-particle-method-for-calculating-large-deformation-of-soils?__cf_chl_f_tk=Rm1vFN0zc2MnecVqdbZKgGjvO8JKWy6IqMdbvVSpf5Q-1739788133-1.0.1.1-hcviMHWGqJ2CITSV5enKD5oHpAgtSpoHEuUxj.x9Qk4",md: "MaSU5.ampagluhWQusWXjYgCriNwwiiPEdC30Hui64Y-1739788133-1.2.1.1-liGQEZCSRnHxoZvfmjJXycvcOWFTN7reGPQN.aXeHJvb7r5hFL0qybt12.Me.TiJMdeAYkivJCG.HRMPKX1YevaxxL6pwCOTZiLGPncODeIEhdAnnoYV2wyxO4EqMsgSE4Sya.6JkMtZ_L2J0jEJo2lTBvAYSOanC7VeF23ffl2YEhGgMjpvZCFbtrgGy9SfVi18xdmSHRVpnGKJINfKV_edSmFtqV_BA8Ht7sxqLjTz97QC_R1kz7yAiYEZmshvdInxsR9u4HkdtZGHHzO.xkyFFM_C4REdeGbs6zHC1C_WhX20Ai13nOo8vAs5pYTQjY1wEemjRAUakB6PnPr4dm7qPJYRgtaIVFq1ES5QILISODvepHH3wStKZ_pU3xoO_5GCBKUzLjqgIigVYT_X1nfQ7.spvu89f7blpV2qgymGegZyLUk1ZirkbO3Qg5WCc8etX2Dda4ld3hTagUsugnP9Ez9io18wD.RuPdYzq26NLWdw9u52Eyv3TiCug0EiW1WTQ9LVUSWNqRT20KQIcJy_jo.h1h7BnVkSZDApztG8A2VLUC1.CP9iOusgP_6cOHUwuG1DX_2MP0C4V_KxPMpyFwT1xcwxAmZGeO7OAYoLSXvxLxI_QpPv3LV_UcLUzDHFPjTrA2yDsUiz1U9o7dZFHRvczsmyReyUuZGakPR31.A8CYAqeTsGyn0Qkw7wYXj1SRjzUVYPpOyedr2pwlov1wopU.Oje2jM5or8.7BBEKfAdVxjIhfwFoYWgPpxp9DdCTy_Bftdo4V2Q05kzqPnVAxeOG.TOjVlrm0mxjQAGG18bLyR0WUqTb_WkUgbDrY1A.80W4x0zTcaLB6UP7ZsA9MzpiYya.v3h0zDmeLb7n4drPjQVv7wJmRFoII2zsN0S8Yb06p7WfXQkOVlOWj1xwQG62QYxDw9ORT48CEE5.5vI7gIWTdGWt.dCufPqmHMwSbVVHIPcQj4VrLrqNtVsQ9JBb37Lx1wD7eyvNxzXdG73g6_G8ZUdlqRKF_OcCsfw1ppP8cdHbLsMbB_Nd.EczV3OwOJsnEGIkJhb1Fgmxt5zpyBIS8psydjpYJZY0.2sPWCybM4ipf3drXJa12q39Mx0XpmhQuMQRbTuAesHVJv1JGjguRkYbR08F_Pjxoyi65iIEhFYZeWd3S6KueAcdfISYjQ9AtWd0bC6RmsnfuEie76W6NWpcjuwWFIxnhyP6PFL2VU5mNAsgvQ..1twDD45Kd190g.EcYgV1__wCexvExh4YlKqgkOqW1J9dp5TBY6wXG2VKZQeVvsQcWoknoxTxOBKB64RjReZ6HNCqII1V9nFnyPEroooFio35A8JBK.Xl5GiQxX03hX1Og8cMcWvgjCTBzyceayzc1erH59uP_uxxAk5fthCiJRkDJGQ6rYSb4fIT.EazSOjRHSxJh5nDWsesHVHPOvkd.UJUOqG4u1llk95kzkOb0uHasHhYEtXSGB31vqnu22e0U1UsQi1tTYh_Z5FzqcAEmnIoHLsqNTdNuI4KXG.KWLTbDu7pPrJkgvS1My2pYVJHS.H4oLynYA0_.j4_9cHvkk3lg0lwNYMYtMbCxnrS_v7QVszVB5NnkOJVu3OzsISqXKeYL1KkRAOUws7CtNeT0rZ4IhjXpcfOKkLhuqOUqU4GU82S.rTzsCOXxsmZrlEjwny_ricgRZ1gYI7D2ZOjMSwVhBfZz711ouqDh99ldeUGADIclqmUhXNQdvEz1kcr2nly18teKlV0v8Qj2jDWWYZK7lvX_r56sB1q495e0ZfP79LDcqGfkbW85oHcNJhNDnfYkjPLShMzQP8XLhGDTSihbR8cbEjGihXU_YGrXmOmYbn90OlhkGU4.Ka69sOYhz2N.y9jlONhfUGWHaYmN8.n0NRZ6vcdI0qV_m8cr9D4TEKq.a0ebYMV8S7s1H_ioofrx8Q2ElXMJQMco6olopMbZKx1X1ot6rnxbWOMPX5Tb3rWZ28azzSKLaJTG9mLlTKAWkrhXAFckXSl7.BTW0sIWQeQA4tFpZsYM0zD435wkwpwrLhxgp_PX9yeVCSVgKlgUvqH3cZwNxs6HZuogfDSQvPXimglPe8cNZFMCE",mdrd: "UhdC9I1iRnEsnNNTqXifbEKtpRZC9IQKsEXqv3LmOPE-1739788133-1.2.1.1-3Si5ODLMERIP9sUdUh1eeOH8ofLcvz0Rg_Oo.f515nm8EsqjVZLaof24Gb96BFLsYKT.WHTAkvdi7rassUzXTo9bTXKeRGb61PjFRUOrth0tiCcsKH8zR2h0WhMeHouIGm7zxvc4wGJQF2kbXeyGA2UrOTgKXwlt8z2uFmIZ90xcR5h0Sk6upwSqTvGEtq0QeO4bjuYNy0AMXK5R29FhkU3FUR0AeW.tgxy8KGCz7RpEgKOS_.j70bAsMqAcSks8FRFawEA.uzV0IQRKh.E7hBHwHFlA8ftZoOjq96igbs5Jif6U_lNoajoGlWtf2a_MtilbuGzo9eY4t4eizSVTcRSIU2MDDbdt.sm7iboIJOneaK8w01sGF93Y2IQrTlPGfAEE_OpLr_zynB9b83IHit7b.afXz9N92uCKAeoHa0BTAO8IvHWVXdfx27RmhUMoD3P7UFdl7b3oPDJY_hR4f48.VlA6_NytxexI0aqu3cmT0i14PzP_XVOZAtra3Lbr1EpCpnzJKXTftx9f.S9d874R6h5yE1uTw5Sd8BvcVqlGB8.9oodU2T6PhYJpnRH0wvYcutpD1uASIe9aqTbEpTzWjsMeII15gPiYIXZQW40eImCHv_MaDark1gBlkJ5ZIHXJhH1s_uMdrXw2kF_o6YJnzuKjabmBAy9Vf9MkrfZFa7wO.BXs8te0KM2aVVLwN0cEjUKQxeH7DX.oUJdE1boIqIAnzBzDUH.w0n7DIRjl0TGKfWzCQi5m19jEK2o05d8vOfTPyQBg.0bEcBKFZOMKT8kb4ApXxwPWlb47sw6Bqbdo7kR583KsffYgBXS7U_C2FkGRDT_g7BF0_xZiY6AYDV_MYxb0WnMyreUtLzdQEYFDeCLcyibfFcowhJRFC6cVLCdwAzGNsL9M5HMufC6yjuPcZQiafXvHqt6HeX6y0PYRuFvBb2b2bbTMdGe2R2IPhtV1G37W4ZBbimGBeojIVyx1GpYptsUk_Z1AID1DIMLJ.nSNsliJTa68.2xJwx2nNth1cFWof5eewcfX3GM5A70Y1FyTP_PbfMb56XZ1oN25vElCQonQcU8zNwK13RsXHx71nzWBdCjhGDeX9QEZm6wRm3Yh4kdiyQ98jE3razwILSh9rVeBn2YC_yCzrTZNKqjUpDKGgZ1Tf.9MazApzKL21_gFY5Gfn2wqnmM_TEANzr48pXeqoOjnahmXomuKIMz3EsUvelDSTFgULA1pmAWvzS8csikSH1Vza2SWwUL7LD7MZW_U.7hxiUmKBCXKNhxcArNiI8VZLd89Xg4tP99bBeWu_jJVtUu3N.0Dsb44F_IOFu7yqlJwOZrLZu1EQeTCkNphZBYJPTltkgE1WKSApFrBahAnTmm3T32cGOSzmh1xQUUfzM6Bh1gYnP6618Qf1OsdvOtfHwSWW8MYgxLB57tksJzCzijYU5pVuC8ZhzwNbkmzVqNAIgsSe2reyqndg0rfNxVKa3iKbVKqEZcZYhjudLp6wyaXHjkvzSpZKyVqxNDYyC8Z.4tnUym1DjdErfg2DocsD1vYpAirZbMGkii1YJCweC_ebCOPUt4WF2hZ0jEEFg5JwrtXHSQMYzxfkAYLPKikGYdRJGOxzYyn4Q.uDx1J2ezjV2tD4IZvhEdFysJqvR3fPFlVMGFi1kWvj0WRggOEZMj9i27rrdr5tIZIz1gRJ7YPRUyneWgmWzRGVNBpYixIvXiC7WPPYmxMlk4quCETnbez5ITKogjTmRcFQRZeYWDzDzUBrmO2hSn64QVRruN5cfvFnBqvVFAQFghRF0jppLl1DhJsWYpPwCrdJbn5k6Q0Cgx7vfYxagQDOat_PUv1aPXXPidZ.uvotmPwSSrhTAIhSw8ga14rWvdr6eO9BzNpMM97DLuM1rR3h5mLP8qe63tgbx6u2WPquQhCxSoesFgxI9HAB0hfMzOugZld1unpbwiwfv5w0OD3jMc1IXM6UPOp1Dd9PHptJBsgwA.wge6TqA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913517dbad9b9e2f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/17371\/development-of-3d-particle-method-for-calculating-large-deformation-of-soils?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Rm1vFN0zc2MnecVqdbZKgGjvO8JKWy6IqMdbvVSpf5Q-1739788133-1.0.1.1-hcviMHWGqJ2CITSV5enKD5oHpAgtSpoHEuUxj.x9Qk4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>