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<span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 125 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">125 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moslem" title="Moslem – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Moslem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85" title="مسلم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسلم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%AB%DC%A0%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܡܫܠܡܢܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܫܠܡܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="মুছলমান – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মুছলমান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulm%C3%A1n" title="Musulmán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Musulmán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मुसलमान – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मुसलमान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulm%C3%A3" title="Musulmã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Musulmã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Бусурманчи – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Бусурманчи" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCs%C9%99lman" title="Müsəlman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müsəlman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="موسلمان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موسلمان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE" title="মুসলিম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুসলিম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мосолмандар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мосолмандар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Мусульмане – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мусульмане" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Мусульмане – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мусульмане" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Мюсюлманин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мюсюлманин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡེ་ཟི་ལམ་ཆོས་ལུགས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡེ་ཟི་ལམ་ཆོས་ལུགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musliman" title="Musliman – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Musliman" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulm%C3%A0" title="Musulmà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Musulmà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasalama" title="Vasalama – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vasalama" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulinsi" title="Musulinsi – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Musulinsi" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85" title="مسلم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مسلم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μουσουλμάνος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μουσουλμάνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulm%C3%A1n" title="Musulmán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Musulmán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamano" title="Islamano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Islamano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Musulman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مسلمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimar" title="Muslimar – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Muslimar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musulman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moslim" title="Moslim – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Moslim" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juul%C9%93e" title="Juulɓe – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Juulɓe" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moslamach" title="Moslamach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Moslamach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulm%C3%A1n" title="Musulmán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Musulmán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Бусалбаш – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Бусалбаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="મુસલમાન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મુસલમાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%A6%BC" title="무슬림 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무슬림" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulmi" title="Musulmi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Musulmi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Մուսուլման – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուսուլման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मुसलमान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुसलमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musliman" title="Musliman – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Musliman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndi_%C3%A1l%C3%A1k%C3%BCba" title="Ndi áláküba – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ndi áláküba" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Musulman" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasulumane" title="Amasulumane – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Amasulumane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulmano" title="Musulmano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Musulmano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מוסלמים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוסלמים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮುಸ್ಲಿಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುಸ್ಲಿಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მუსლიმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუსლიმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مُسلمان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مُسلمان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мұсылман – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұсылман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwislamu" title="Mwislamu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwislamu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misilman" title="Misilman – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Misilman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бусурман – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Бусурман" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulmanus" title="Musulmanus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Musulmanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulma%C5%86i" title="Musulmaņi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Musulmaņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мусурманар – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мусурманар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulmonai" title="Musulmonai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Musulmonai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizulmani" title="Mizulmani – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mizulmani" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muszlimok_(h%C3%ADv%C5%91k)" title="Muszlimok (hívők) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Muszlimok (hívők)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="मुस्लिम – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मुस्लिम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82" title="മുസ്‌ലിം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുസ്‌ലിം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मुसलमान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुसलमान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მუსლიმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მუსლიმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="မွတ်စလင်မ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မွတ်စလင်မ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moslim" title="Moslim – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moslim" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मुसलमान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुसलमान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A0" title="ムスリム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムスリム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Бусалба – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бусалба" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ମୁସଲମାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମୁସଲମାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulmon" title="Musulmon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Musulmon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مسلمان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مسلمان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مسلمان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مسلمان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzu%C5%82manin" title="Muzułmanin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muzułmanin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C3%A7ulmano" title="Muçulmano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Muçulmano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C4%B1lmanlar" title="Musılmanlar – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Musılmanlar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Musulman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Могамедан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Могамедан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Мусульманин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мусульманин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мусулмаан – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мусулмаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysliman%C3%ABt" title="Myslimanët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Myslimanët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussurmanu" title="Mussurmanu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mussurmanu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="මුස්ලිම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුස්ලිම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Muslims" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مسلمان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مسلمان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moslim_(vyzn%C3%A1va%C4%8D_islamu)" title="Moslim (vyznávač islamu) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Moslim (vyznávač islamu)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimani" title="Muslimani – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Muslimani" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="موسڵمان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="موسڵمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Муслимани – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Муслимани" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimani_(vjernici)" title="Muslimani (vjernici) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Muslimani (vjernici)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimi" title="Muslimi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muslimi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimer" title="Muslimer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muslimer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="முஸ்லிம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முஸ்லிம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мөселман – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мөселман" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82" title="ముస్లిం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముస్లిం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="มุสลิม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุสลิม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%88%B5%E1%88%AA" title="ምስሪ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ምስሪ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мусулмон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мусулмон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCsl%C3%BCman" title="Müslüman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Müslüman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulmanlar" title="Musulmanlar – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Musulmanlar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkramoni" title="Nkramoni – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nkramoni" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Мусульмани – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мусульмани" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مسلمان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مسلمان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B3%DB%87%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مۇسۇلمانلار – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مۇسۇلمانلار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_H%E1%BB%93i_gi%C3%A1o" title="Người Hồi giáo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Hồi giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="穆斯林" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Muslim" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="穆斯林" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9s%C3%B9l%C3%B9m%C3%AD" title="Mùsùlùmí – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mùsùlùmí" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Adherents of Islam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"Muslim" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Muslin" title="Muslin">muslin</a>.</span> <span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Muslims_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Muslims (disambiguation)">Muslims (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Musalman" redirects here. For the newspaper, see <a href="/wiki/The_Musalman" title="The Musalman">The Musalman</a>. For the character, see <a href="/wiki/Musalman_(character)" title="Musalman (character)">Musalman (character)</a>. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Musalman_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Musalman (film)">Musalman (film)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mussulman_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mussulman (disambiguation)">Mussulman</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Muslims</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <b>1.9 billion</b><sup id="cite_ref-pewresearch.orgReligion_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewresearch.orgReligion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> (25% of the global population)<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> (Worldwide, 2020 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">244,410,757</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Pakistan" title="Islam in Pakistan">231,690,000</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">194,810,000</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bangladesh" title="Islam in Bangladesh">153,700,000</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Nigeria" title="Islam in Nigeria">99,100,000</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Egypt" title="Islam in Egypt">95,000,000</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iran" title="Islam in Iran">82,900,000</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkey" title="Islam in Turkey">82,800,000</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Algeria" title="Islam in Algeria">42,000,000</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sudan" title="Islam in Sudan">40,400,000</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Religions</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">80–90% <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sunni_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunni-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sunni_Islam_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunni_Islam-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />10–20% <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Shia_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Religions_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religions-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pew_2009_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew_2009-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />~1% <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a><sup id="cite_ref-ahmadi_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahmadi-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />~1% Other Islamic traditions<sup id="cite_ref-affiliation_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-affiliation-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> (also <a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Sacred</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Asia" title="Languages of South Asia">South Asian languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">African languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_Southeast_Asian_languages" title="Classification of Southeast Asian languages">Southeast Asian languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a> languages<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbotSingh2009p._27,_footnote_3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbotSingh2009p._27,_footnote_3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Muslims</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">المسلمون</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Muslimūn</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'submitters [to <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a>]')<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are people who adhere to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> religion belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a> tradition. They consider the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the <a href="/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="God in Abrahamic religions">God of Abraham</a> (or <i><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></i>) as it was revealed to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, the main <a href="/wiki/Islamic_prophet" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic prophet">Islamic prophet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous <a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">revelations</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tawrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawrat">Tawrat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Injeel" class="mw-redirect" title="Injeel">Injeel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a>). These earlier revelations are associated with <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, which are regarded by Muslims as earlier versions of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices attributed to Muhammad (<i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">sunnah</a></i>) as recorded in traditional accounts (<a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With an estimated population of almost 1.9 billion followers as of 2020 year estimation, Muslims comprise around 25% of the world's total population.<sup id="cite_ref-pewresearch.orgReligion_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewresearch.orgReligion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In descending order, the percentage of people who identify as Muslims on each continental landmass stands at:<sup id="cite_ref-comps.world_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comps.world-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 45% of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Africa" title="Islam in Africa">Africa</a>, 25% of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Asia" title="Islam in Asia">Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Oceania" title="Islam in Oceania">Oceania</a> collectively,<sup id="cite_ref-pewaspa_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewaspa-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6% of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Europe" title="Islam in Europe">Europe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-peweur_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peweur-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1% of the <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Americas" title="Islam in the Americas">Americas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pewame_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewame-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, in subdivided geographical regions, the figure stands at: 91% of the <a href="/wiki/MENA#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="MENA">Middle East–North Africa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pewmena_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewmena-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pewmuslim22_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewmuslim22-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 90% of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Central_Asia" title="Islam in Central Asia">Central Asia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 65% of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus#Demographics" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eurasianet.org_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurasianet.org-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Armenia_information_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armenia_information-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-News.am_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News.am-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 42% of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Islam in Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yusuf_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yusuf-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 32% of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Asia" title="Islam in South Asia">South Asia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 42% of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa#Religion" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pewssa_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewssa-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pewmuslim32_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewmuslim32-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While, there are several <a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Islamic schools and branches</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-denominational Muslims">non-denominational Muslims</a>, the two largest denominations are <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> (75–90% of all Muslims)<sup id="cite_ref-Sunni-eb_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunni-eb-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a> (10–20% of all Muslims).<sup id="cite_ref-Shia_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Religions_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religions-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pew_2009_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew_2009-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By sheer numbers, South Asia accounts for the largest portion (31%) of the global Muslim population.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By country, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Indonesia</a> is the largest in the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>, holding around 12% of all Muslims worldwide;<sup id="cite_ref-Islam_by_country_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islam_by_country-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pew2015countries_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pew2015countries-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> outside of the Muslim-majority countries, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">China</a> are home to the largest (11%) and second-largest (2%) Muslim populations, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pewmuslim122_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewmuslim122-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to high <a href="/wiki/Muslim_population_growth" title="Muslim population growth">Muslim population growth</a>, Islam is the <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">fastest-growing religion</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USNewsLippman2_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNewsLippman2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslims have <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">experienced persecution</a> of varying severity, especially in China, India, some parts of Africa, and Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islam#Etymology" title="Islam">Islam § Etymology</a></div> <p>The word <i>muslim</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مسلم</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[ˈmʊslɪm]</a></span>; <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">English: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MUZZ</span>-lim, <span style="font-size:90%">MUUZ</span>-lim, <span style="font-size:90%">MUUSS</span>-lim</i></a>) or <i>moslem</i> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MOZ</span>-ləm, <span style="font-size:90%">MOSS</span>-ləm</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-muslim_pron_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muslim_pron-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the <a href="/wiki/Active_participle" class="mw-redirect" title="Active participle">active participle</a> of the same verb of which <i>islām</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Verbal_noun" title="Verbal noun">verbal noun</a>, based on the <a href="/wiki/Triliteral" class="mw-redirect" title="Triliteral">triliteral</a> <i><a href="/wiki/S-L-M" class="mw-redirect" title="S-L-M">S-L-M</a></i> "to be whole, intact".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A female adherent is a <i>muslima</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مسلمة</span>) (also <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliterated</a> as "Muslimah"<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The plural form in Arabic is <i>muslimūn</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مسلمون</span></span>) or <i>muslimīn</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مسلمين</span></span>), and its feminine equivalent is <i>muslimāt</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مسلمات</span></span>). </p><p>The ordinary word in English is "Muslim". For most of the 20th century, the preferred spelling in English was "Moslem", but this has now fallen into disuse. That spelling and its pronunciation was opposed by many Muslims in English-speaking countries because it resembled the Arabic word <i>aẓ-ẓālim</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الظَّالِم</span></span>), meaning "the oppressor".<sup id="cite_ref-vanishingmoslems_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanishingmoslems-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> instructed news outlets to switch to the spelling "Muslim" in 1991, making it the most common spelling thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last major newspaper in the United Kingdom to use the spelling "Moslem" was the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i>, which switched to "Muslim" in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-vanishingmoslems_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanishingmoslems-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i>Mosalman</i> or <i>Mussulman</i> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مسلمان</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">mosalmân</i></span>, alternatively <i>musalmān</i>) is a common equivalent for <i>Muslim</i> used in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. In English it was sometimes spelled <b>Mussulman</b> and has become <a href="/wiki/Archaism" title="Archaism">archaic</a> in usage; however, cognates of this word remain the standard term for "Muslim" in various other European languages. Until at least the mid-1960s, many English-language writers used the term <i><a href="/wiki/Mohammedan" title="Mohammedan">Mohammedans</a></i> or <i>Mahometans</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although such terms were not necessarily intended to be <a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">pejorative</a>, Muslims argue that the terms are offensive because they allegedly imply that Muslims worship Muhammad rather than God.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other obsolete terms include <i>Muslimite</i><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Muslimist</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Medieval Europe, Muslims were commonly called <a href="/wiki/Saracens" class="mw-redirect" title="Saracens">Saracens</a>. </p><p>The Muslim philologist <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Anbari" title="Ibn al-Anbari">Ibn al-Anbari</a> said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>a Muslim is a person who has dedicated his worship exclusively to God, for just as we say in Arabic that something is ‘<i>salima</i>’ to a person, meaning that it became solely his own, so in the same way ‘<i>Islām</i>’ means making one's religion and faith God's alone.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In several places in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, the word <i>muslim</i> conveys a universal meaning, beyond the description of the followers of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, for example:<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>"Abraham was not a Jew, nor a Christian, but he was a true Muslim [مُّسۡلِمࣰا], and he was not a polytheist." -- Quran 3:67 <sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Then when Jesus perceived their disbelief he said, 'Who will be my helpers of God.' The disciples said 'We will be the helpers of God; we believe in God and bear witness that we are Muslims [مُسۡلِمُونَ].'" -- Quran 3:52 <sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qualifier">Qualifier</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/110px-Allah3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/165px-Allah3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/220px-Allah3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)" title="Iman (Islam)">Beliefs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Oneness</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Revealed Books</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Day of Resurrection</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Profession of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Almsgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_texts" title="List of Islamic texts">Texts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Foundations</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Sirah</a></i>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir"><i>Tafsir</i> (exegesis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah"><i>Aqidah</i> (creed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas_al-Anbiya" title="Qisas al-Anbiya"><i>Qisas al-Anbiya</i> ("Stories of the Prophets")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathnawi" title="Mathnawi">Mathnawi</a> (Poems)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh"><i>Fiqh</i> (jurisprudence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia"><i>Sharia</i> (law)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Islamic_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Islamic history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahabah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval Islamic science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">Spread of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">society</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Academics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_children" title="Islam and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_(circumcision)" title="Khitan (circumcision)">Circumcision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_diaspora" title="Muslim diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Denominations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Islam" title="Education in Islam">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession_and_exorcism_in_Islam" title="Spirit possession and exorcism in Islam">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_in_Islam" title="Morality in Islam">Moral teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_poetry" title="Islamic poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawah" title="Dawah">Proselytizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards_science" title="Islamic attitudes towards science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Islam" title="Sexuality in Islam">Sexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_and_Islam" title="LGBTQ people and Islam">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_slavery" title="Islamic views on slavery">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concubinage_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubinage in Islam">Concubinage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_humanity" title="Islam and humanity">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Islam" title="Women in Islam">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">Related topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam" title="Criticism of Islam">Criticism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad" title="Criticism of Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_hadith" title="Criticism of hadith">Hadith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" title="Islam and other religions">Other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_violence" title="Islam and violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_war" title="Islam and war">war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_jihadism" title="Deobandi jihadism">Deobandi jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military laws</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Islam" title="Glossary of Islam">Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam" title="Template:Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam" title="Template talk:Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>To become a Muslim and to convert to Islam, it is essential to utter the <i><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></i> in front of Muslim witnesses,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_faith" title="Declaration of faith">declaration of faith</a> and trust that professes that there is <a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">only one</a> <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>)</i> and that <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> is God's messenger.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a set statement normally recited in Arabic: <i>ašhadu ʾan-lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu wa ʾašhadu ʾanna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمداً رسول الله</span></span>) "I testify that there is no god [worthy of worship] except Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, the shahada has two parts: <i>la ilaha illa'llah</i> (there is no god but <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>), and <i>Muhammadun rasul Allah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> is the messenger of God),<sup id="cite_ref-LS_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are sometimes referred to as the first <i>shahada</i> and the second <i>shahada</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornell9_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornell9-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first statement of the shahada is also known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Tahlil" title="Tahlil">tahlīl</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>, the shahada also has a third part, a phrase concerning <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">Shia Imam</a> and the fourth <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashid caliph</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">وعليٌ وليُّ الله</span></span> (<span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">wa ʿalīyyun walīyyu-llāh</i></span>), which translates to "Ali is the <i><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">wali</a></i> of God".<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranist Islam</a>, the shahada is the testimony that there is no god but <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> (<i>la ilaha illa'llah</i> ).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The religious practices of Muslims are enumerated in the <a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a>: the declaration of faith (<i><a href="/wiki/Shahadah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahadah">shahadah</a></i>), daily prayers (<i><a href="/wiki/Salat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salat">salah</a></i>), almsgiving (<i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">zakat</a></i>), fasting during the month of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">sawm</a></i>), and the pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a></i>) at least once in a lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-WSU_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSU-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CIA_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Islamic_theology">In Islamic theology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets and messengers in Islam</a></div> <p>The majority of <a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">theological traditions of Islam</a> accept that works do not determine if someone is a Muslim or not. God alone would know about the belief of a person. Fellow Muslims can only accept the personal declaration of faith. Only the <a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawārij</a> developed an understanding of Muslim identity based mainly on the adherence to liturgical and legal norms.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When asked about one's beliefs, it is recommended to say the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istithna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istithna (page does not exist)">Istit̲h̲nāʾ</a></i>, for example, "<i>in-sha'allah</i> I am Muslim a believer" (so God will, I am Muslim), since only God knows the future of a person.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among <a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Asharites</a>, it is also seen as a sign of humility and the individual's longing to improve, because the creature has no assurance of their own state (of belief) until the end of life.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> describes many prophets and messengers within <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and their respective followers, as Muslim. Some of those that were mentioned are: <a href="/wiki/Adam_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam (Bible)">Adam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ishmael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_Moses" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of Moses">Moses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of Jesus">Jesus</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostles">apostles</a> are all considered to be Muslims in the Qur'an.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Qur'an states that these men were Muslims because they submitted to God, preached His message and upheld His values, which included praying, charity, <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a> and pilgrimage. Thus, in Surah 3:52 of the Qur'an, <a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Jesus' disciples</a> tell him, "We believe in God; and you be our witness that we are Muslims (<i>wa-shahad be anna muslimūn</i>)." In Islamic belief, before the Qur'an, God had given the <a href="/wiki/Tawrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawrat">Tawrat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) to the prophets and messengers amongst the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Children of Israel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELang201598_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELang201598-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a>) to <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Injil" class="mw-redirect" title="Injil">Injil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a>) to Jesus, who are all considered important <a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Islam">Muslim prophets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Books_of_Islam_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Books_of_Islam-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islam#Demographics" title="Islam">Islam § Demographics</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Muslim_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Muslim population">List of countries by Muslim population</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg/300px-Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg/450px-Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg/600px-Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>World Muslim population by percentage (2012)</figcaption></figure> <p>The most populous Muslim-majority country is Indonesia, home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims,<sup id="cite_ref-Distrib_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Distrib-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by Pakistan (11.0%), Bangladesh (9.2%), Nigeria (5.3%) and Egypt (4.9%).<sup id="cite_ref-Islam_by_country_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islam_by_country-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 20% of the world's Muslims live in the Middle East and North Africa. Non-majority India contains 10.9% of the world's Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-Distrib_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Distrib-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslims" title="Arab Muslims">Arab Muslims</a> form the <a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_ethnic_groups" title="List of contemporary ethnic groups">largest ethnic group among Muslims</a> in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslims" title="Bengali Muslims">Bengalis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Muslims" title="Punjabi Muslims">Punjabis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over 75–90% of Muslims are <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sunni_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunni-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sunni_Islam_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunni_Islam-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second and third largest sects, <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a>, make up 10–20%,<sup id="cite_ref-Shia_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Religions_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religions-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pew_2009_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew_2009-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1%<sup id="cite_ref-ahmadi_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahmadi-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> respectively. While the majority of the population in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> identify as either Sunni or Shi'a, a significant number of Muslims identify as <a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-denominational Muslims">non-denominational</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With about 1.8 billion followers (2015), almost a quarter of <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">earth's population</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islam is the <a href="/wiki/Major_religious_groups" title="Major religious groups">second-largest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">fastest-growing religion in the world</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> primarily due to the young age and high <a href="/wiki/Fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility rate">fertility rate</a> of Muslims,<sup id="cite_ref-pew_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pew-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Muslims having a rate of (3.1) compared to the world average of (2.5). According to the same study, <a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">religious switching</a> has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who <a href="/wiki/Convert_to_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Convert to Islam">embrace Islam</a> and those who <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">leave Islam</a> are roughly equal.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Islam-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pew_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pew-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2010, 49 countries countries in the world had Muslim majorities, in which Muslims comprised more than 50% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Islam-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, 74.1% of the world's Muslim population lived in countries where Muslims are in the majority, while 25.9% of the world's Muslim population lived in countries where Muslims are in the minority.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Islam-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Pew Center study in 2010 found that 3% of the world's Muslims population live in non-Muslim-majority <a href="/wiki/Developed_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed countries">developed countries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Islam-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">India's Muslim population</a> is the world's largest Muslim-minority population in the world (11% of the world's Muslim population).<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Islam-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Followed by Ethiopia (28 million), China (22 million), Russia (16 million) and Tanzania (13 million).<sup id="cite_ref-pew_111-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pew-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sizable minorities are also found in <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Americas" title="Islam in the Americas">the Americas</a> (5.2 million or 0.6%), <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Australia" title="Islam in Australia">Australia</a> (714,000 or 1.9%) and parts of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Europe" title="Islam in Europe">Europe</a> (44 million or 6%).<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Islam-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Pew Center study in 2016 found that Muslims have the highest number of adherents under the age of 15 (34% of the total Muslim population) of any major religion, while only 7% are aged 60+ (the smallest percentage of any major religion). According to the same study, Muslims have the highest <a href="/wiki/Fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility rate">fertility rates</a> (3.1) of any major religious group.<sup id="cite_ref-Pew2016_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study also found that Muslims (tied with <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>) have the lowest average levels of <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> with an average of 5.6 years of schooling, though both groups have made the largest gains in educational attainment in recent decades among major religions.<sup id="cite_ref-Pew2016_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 36% of all Muslims have no formal schooling,<sup id="cite_ref-Pew2016_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Muslims have the lowest average levels of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> of any major religious group, with only 8% having <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">graduate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-graduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-graduate">post-graduate</a> degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-Pew2016_113-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Islamic culture</a></div> <p>Muslim culture or Islamic culture are terms used to describe the cultural practices common to Muslims and historically Islamic people. The early forms of <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> culture, from the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a> to early <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> period, were predominantly <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levantine</a>. With the rapid expansion of the Arab <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Islamic empires</a>, Muslim culture has influenced and assimilated much from the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistani</a>(<a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Muslims" title="Punjabi Muslims">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a> <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_Muslims" title="Kashmiri Muslims">Kashmiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhis" title="Sindhis">Sindhi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ganga-Jamuni_tehzeeb" title="Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb">Hindustani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigerian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian culture">Egyptian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian culture">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkic people">Turkic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay people">Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somali_people" title="Somali people">Somali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berber</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Moro</a> cultures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Muslims" title="Cultural Muslims">Cultural Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Islamic schools and branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammedan" title="Mohammedan">Mohammedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Muslims" title="Lists of Muslims">Lists of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam" title="List of converts to Islam">List of converts to Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American_Muslims" title="Hispanic and Latino American Muslims">Latino Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Islamic holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumin" title="Mumin">Mumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Islam by country</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pewresearch.orgReligion-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pewresearch.orgReligion_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pewresearch.orgReligion_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Population+Review&rft.atitle=Muslim+Population+By+Country+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountry-rankings%2Fmuslim-population-by-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lipka, Michael, and Conrad Hackett. [2015] 6 April 2017. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/">Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911221844/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/">Archived</a> 11 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" (data analysis). <i>Fact Tank</i>. US: <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama">"Satu Data - Kementerian Agama RI"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Satu+Data+-+Kementerian+Agama+RI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsatudata.kemenag.go.id%2Fdataset%2Fdetail%2Fjumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_9.pdf">"TABLE 9 : POPULATION BY SEX, RELIGION AND RURAL/URBAN, CENSUS - 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TABLE+9+%3A+POPULATION+BY+SEX%2C+RELIGION+AND+RURAL%2FURBAN%2C+CENSUS+-+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.gov.pk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpopulation%2F2023%2Ftables%2Fnational%2Ftable_9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/01/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations/">"The countries with the 10 largest Christian populations and the 10 largest Muslim populations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Research">Pew Research</a>. 1 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+countries+with+the+10+largest+Christian+populations+and+the+10+largest+Muslim+populations&rft.pub=Pew+Research&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2019%2F04%2F01%2Fthe-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/interactives/muslim-population-graphic/#/Bangladesh">"The Future of the Global Muslim Population"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project</i>. 15 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170524215707/http://www.pewforum.org/interactives/muslim-population-graphic/#/Bangladesh">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center%27s+Religion+%26+Public+Life+Project&rft.atitle=The+Future+of+the+Global+Muslim+Population&rft.date=2011-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2Finteractives%2Fmuslim-population-graphic%2F%23%2FBangladesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/">"The World Factbook"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109223449/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fnigeria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/">"The World Factbook"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104191953/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fegypt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/">"The World Factbook"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208143639/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Firan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110073821/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/">"The World Factbook"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/">the original</a> on 10 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fturkey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" class="citation web cs1">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cf2d0a85c.html">"Refworld - 2010 Report on International Religious Freedom - China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau)"</a>. <i>Refworld</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017100901/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cf2d0a85c.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refworld&rft.atitle=Refworld+-+2010+Report+on+International+Religious+Freedom+-+China+%28includes+Tibet%2C+Hong+Kong%2C+Macau%29&rft.au=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fdocid%2F4cf2d0a85c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/SUDAN-2019-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf">"SUDAN 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a></i>. 17 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Department&rft.atitle=SUDAN+2019+INTERNATIONAL+RELIGIOUS+FREEDOM+REPORT&rft.date=2019-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2FSUDAN-2019-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan">"Sudan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> (2024 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Sudan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2022.zip">(Archived 2022 edition.)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sunni-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sunni_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sunni_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&q=world+muslim+80%25+sunni&pg=PA51">Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&pg=PA51&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "some 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran">Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran">Archived</a> 17 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&q=sunni+75%25&pg=PA15">Iran, Israel and the United States</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15&dq=&hl=en&ei=e4XoTt-TDIaL8gOG692iCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=sunni%2075%25&f=false">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population"</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite">"Sunnite"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100809124159/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>. <q>They numbered about 900 million in the late 20th century and constituted nine-tenths of all the adherents of Islām.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Sunnite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F574006%2FSunnite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761479260"><i>Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures</i></a></span>. Marshall Cavendish. 2010. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761479260/page/352">352</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7926-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7926-0"><bdi>978-0-7614-7926-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>A common compromise figure ranks Sunnis at 90 percent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Beliefs%2C+Practices%2C+and+Cultures&rft.pages=352&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780761479260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx">"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a></i>. 7 October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225201807/http://www.pewforum.org/muslim/mapping-the-global-muslim-population.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2010</span>. <q>Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Mapping+the+Global+Muslim+Population%3A+A+Report+on+the+Size+and+Distribution+of+the+World%27s+Muslim+Population&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpewforum.org%2FMuslim%2FMapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16047709">"Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111206173334/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16047709">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis – estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Quick+guide%3A+Sunnis+and+Shias&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-16047709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0060)">"Sunni and Shia Islam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Studies</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130216211306/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+af0060%29">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>Sunni constitute 85 percent of the world's Muslims.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunni+and+Shia+Islam&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Country+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Baf0060%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm">"Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. 24 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111210020455/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Tension+between+Sunnis%2C+Shiites+emerging+in+USA&rft.date=2007-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Freligion%2F2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html">"Religions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html">the original</a> on 9 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2010</span>. <q>Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Religions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2122.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&dq=Sunni+Islam&pg=PA3">Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3&dq=Sunni+Islam&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2DLuTujOEcesrAej29DdCA&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Sunni%20Islam&f=false">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4Ts0GkJBKgC&pg=PA20">Inside Muslim minds</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4Ts0GkJBKgC&pg=PA20&dq=&hl=en&ei=hf7hTrCmNsvB8QOllfmCBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CE0Q6AEwAw">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "around 80% are Sunni"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3w_ngX--ji4C&q=world+muslim+80%25+sunni&pg=PA103">Who Gets To Narrate the World</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=3w_ngX--ji4C&pg=PA103&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "The Sunnis (approximately 80%)"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vD2TJNc7NE4C&pg=PA265">A world theology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=vD2TJNc7NE4C&pg=PA265&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFoQ6AEwBTgU">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> N. Ross Reat "80% being the Sunni"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&q=world+muslim+80%25+sunni&pg=PA32">Islam and the Ahmadiyya jama'at</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&pg=PA32&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CGAQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "The Sunni segment, accounting for at least 80% of the world's Muslim population"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&q=world+muslim+80%25+sunni&pg=PA252">A dictionary of modern politics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "probably 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Sunni_Islam-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sunni_Islam_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sunni_Islam_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">From <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>: See: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&q=world+muslim+80%25+sunni&pg=PA51">Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&pg=PA51&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "some 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html">"Religions"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html">the original</a> on 9 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Religions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2122.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran">Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran">Archived</a> 17 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&q=sunni+75%25&pg=PA15">Iran, Israel and the United States</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15&dq=&hl=en&ei=e4XoTt-TDIaL8gOG692iCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=sunni%2075%25&f=false">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&q=world+muslim+80%25+sunni&pg=PA252">A dictionary of modern politics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "probably 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx">"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a></i>. 7 October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225201807/http://www.pewforum.org/muslim/mapping-the-global-muslim-population.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2010</span>. <q>Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Mapping+the+Global+Muslim+Population%3A+A+Report+on+the+Size+and+Distribution+of+the+World%27s+Muslim+Population&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpewforum.org%2FMuslim%2FMapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6213248.stm">"Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 6 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111124100835/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6213248.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis – estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Quick+guide%3A+Sunnis+and+Shias&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F6213248.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm">"Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. 24 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111210020455/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Tension+between+Sunnis%2C+Shiites+emerging+in+USA&rft.date=2007-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Freligion%2F2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3">Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002442/https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA3">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Shia-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shia_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shia_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shia_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii/Shii-dynasties">"Shiʿi, Islam"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>. <q>In the early 21st century some 10–13 percent of the world's 1.6 billion Muslims were Shiʿi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Shi%CA%BFi%2C+Islam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FShii%2FShii-dynasties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religions-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Religions_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religions_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religions_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327071408/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html">"Religions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html">the original</a> on 27 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2010</span>. <q>Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Religions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2122.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pew_2009-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pew_2009_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew_2009_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew_2009_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf">Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a></i> (Report). October 2009. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>. <q>Of the total Muslim population, 10-13% are Shia Muslims and 87-90% are Sunni Muslims. Most Shias (between 68% and 80%) live in just four countries: Iran, Pakistan, India and Iraq.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Mapping+the+Global+Muslim+Population%3A+A+Report+on+the+Size+and+Distribution+of+the+World%27s+Muslim+Population&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2009-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F7%2F2009%2F10%2FMuslimpopulation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ahmadi-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ahmadi_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ahmadi_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8"><i>Breach of Faith</i></a>. Human Rights Watch. June 2005. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314122619/https://books.google.com/books?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breach+of+Faith&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyi8ONIe1fv4C%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeVriesBakerOvermyer2011" class="citation book cs1">DeVries, Larry; Baker, Don & Overmyer, Dan (1 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA72"><i>Asian Religions in British Columbia</i></a>. University of Columbia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-1662-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-1662-5"><bdi>978-0-7748-1662-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314152120/https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA72">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Religions+in+British+Columbia&rft.pub=University+of+Columbia+Press&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-1662-5&rft.aulast=DeVries&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=Baker%2C+Don&rft.au=Overmyer%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdgtgGhMUgIUC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuan_Eduardo_Campo2009" class="citation book cs1">Juan Eduardo Campo (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA23"><i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i></a>. Infobase. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5454-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5454-1"><bdi>978-0-8160-5454-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314141228/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA23">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1&rft.au=Juan+Eduardo+Campo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOZbyz_Hr-eIC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/">"Ahmadiyya Muslims"</a>. pbs.org. 20 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20131006204711/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahmadiyya+Muslims&rft.pub=pbs.org&rft.date=2012-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Freligionandethics%2F2012%2F01%2F20%2Fjanuary-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims%2F10124%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>A figure of 10–20 million represents approximately 1% of the Muslim population. See also <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_by_country" title="Ahmadiyya by country">Ahmadiyya by country</a>.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-affiliation-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-affiliation_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity">"Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation"</a>. <i>The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>'s Religion & Public Life Project. 9 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226113158/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World%27s+Muslims%3A+Unity+and+Diversity&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+Religious+Affiliation&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2012%2F08%2F09%2Fthe-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation%2F%23identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan,_Muhammad_Mojlum2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mojlum_Khan" title="Muhammad Mojlum Khan">Khan, Muhammad Mojlum</a> (2013). <i>The Muslim Heritage of Bengal: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of Great Muslim Scholars, Writers and Reformers of Bangladesh and West Bengal</i>. <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>: Kube Publishing. p. 2. <q>Bengali-speaking Muslims... one of the largest linguistic groups... second only to the Arabs</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+Heritage+of+Bengal%3A+The+Lives%2C+Thoughts+and+Achievements+of+Great+Muslim+Scholars%2C+Writers+and+Reformers+of+Bangladesh+and+West+Bengal&rft.place=England&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Kube+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Khan%2C+Muhammad+Mojlum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbotSingh2009p._27,_footnote_3-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbotSingh2009p._27,_footnote_3_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbotSingh2009">Talbot & Singh 2009</a>, p. 27, footnote 3.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFTalbotSingh2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimJohnson2013" class="citation report cs1">Grim, Brian J.; Johnson, Todd M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100448/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf">Chapter 1: Global Religious Populations, 1910–2010</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Wiley. p. 22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Chapter+1%3A+Global+Religious+Populations%2C+1910%E2%80%932010&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Grim&rft.aufirst=Brian+J.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Todd+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.johnwiley.com.au%2Fproduct_data%2Fexcerpt%2F47%2F04706745%2F0470674547-196.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/ethnologue200">"What are the top 200 most spoken languages?"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>. 3 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130112222210/http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=What+are+the+top+200+most+spoken+languages%3F&rft.date=2018-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fguides%2Fethnologue200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Jallad2011" class="citation web cs1">Al-Jallad, Ahmad (30 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics/polygenesis-in-the-arabic-dialects-EALL_SIM_000030?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics&s.q=neo-arabic">"Polygenesis in the Arabic Dialects"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815234348/http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics/polygenesis-in-the-arabic-dialects-EALL_SIM_000030?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics&s.q=neo-arabic">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polygenesis+in+the+Arabic+Dialects&rft.date=2011-05-30&rft.aulast=Al-Jallad&rft.aufirst=Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics%2Fpolygenesis-in-the-arabic-dialects-EALL_SIM_000030%3Fs.num%3D1%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.book.encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics%26s.q%3Dneo-arabic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Muslim">"Muslim"</a>. etymonline.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150907223337/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Muslim">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muslim&rft.pub=etymonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DMuslim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelchAlfordMoussalliAhmad2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Welch, Alford T, Moussalli, Ahmad S, Newby, Gordon D (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550">"Muḥammad"</a>. In Esposito JL (ed.). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2017</span>. <q>The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the founder of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (rasūl Allāh), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Welch&rft.au=Alford%2C+T&rft.au=Moussalli&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+S&rft.au=Newby&rft.au=Gordon%2C+D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft236%2Fe0550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/themes/religion/index.html">"Global Connections . Religion | PBS"</a>. <i>www.pbs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pbs.org&rft.atitle=Global+Connections+.+Religion+%7C+PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fglobalconnections%2Fmideast%2Fthemes%2Freligion%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vzx8HlsGnTcC&pg=PR21"><i>The Qurʼan and Sayings of Prophet Muhammad: Selections Annotated & Explained</i></a>. SkyLight Paths Publishing. 2007. pp. 21–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59473-222-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59473-222-5"><bdi>978-1-59473-222-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Number+of+Muslims+ahead+of+Catholics%2C+says+Vatican&rft.date=2008-03-31&rft.aulast=Kington&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2008%2Fmar%2F31%2Freligion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamicpopulation.com/">"Muslim Population"</a>. 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Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130728160720/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Future+of+the+Global+Muslim+Population&rft.atitle=Region%3A+Sub-Saharan+Africa&rft.date=2011-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpewforum.org%2Ffuture-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sunni-eb-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sunni-eb_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/">"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a></i>. 7 October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225005131/http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Mapping+the+Global+Muslim+Population%3A+A+Report+on+the+Size+and+Distribution+of+the+World%27s+Muslim+Population&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2009%2F10%2F07%2Fmapping-the-global-muslim-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&dq=Sunni+Islam&pg=PA3">Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200516213612/https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3&dq=Sunni+Islam#v=onepage&q=Sunni%20Islam">Archived</a> 16 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012090751/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni">"Sunni"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Berkley_Center_for_Religion,_Peace,_and_World_Affairs" title="Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs">Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2012</span>. <q>Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunni&rft.pub=Berkley+Center+for+Religion%2C+Peace%2C+and+World+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberkleycenter.georgetown.edu%2Fessays%2Fsunni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327071408/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html">"Religions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. Central Intelligence Agency. 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(7 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god">"No God But God"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116181425/https://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=No+God+But+God&rft.date=2008-04-07&rft.au=Lippman%2C+Thomas+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Freligion%2Farticles%2F2008%2F04%2F07%2Fno-god-but-god&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDabashi" class="citation web cs1">Dabashi, Hamid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/12/22/muslim-cleansing-a-global-pandemic">"Muslim cleansing: A global pandemic?"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=China%3A+Draconian+repression+of+Muslims+in+Xinjiang+amounts+to+crimes+against+humanity&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2021%2F06%2Fchina-draconian-repression-of-muslims-in-xinjiang-amounts-to-crimes-against-humanity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muslim_pron-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-muslim_pron_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/muslim">"Muslim"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160220112121/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/muslim">Archived</a> 20 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Webster%27s_Unabridged_Dictionary" title="Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary">Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary</a></i>: <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/moslem">moslem</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515200017/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/moslem">Archived</a> 15 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burns & Ralph, <i>World Civilizations</i>, 5th ed., p. 371.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Entry for <i>šlm</i>, p. 2067, Appendix B: Semitic Roots, <i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i>, 4th ed., Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-618-08230-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-618-08230-1">0-618-08230-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/muslimah">Muslimah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817020605/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/muslimah">Archived</a> 17 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionaries</i>. Oxford University Press. 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vanishingmoslems-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vanishingmoslems_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanishingmoslems_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Paul, Costas Gabrielatos, and Tony McEnery. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8DUhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA76">"Muslim or Moslem? Differences between newspapers: Vanishing Moslems"</a>, <i>Discourse Analysis and Media Attitudes: The Representation of Islam in the British Press</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2013, pages 76-78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/147637700/">"Term 'Moslem' becomes 'Muslim'</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/San_Angelo_Standard-Times" title="San Angelo Standard-Times">San Angelo Standard-Times</a></i>, January 1, 1991, page 11A, via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. See also Newspapers.com search results for the word "Moslem", which show a sharp decline immediately after the AP's decision.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chen, Yii-Ann Christine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/why-do-people-say-muslim-now-instead-of-moslem">"Why Do People Say Muslim Now Instead of Moslem?"</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_News_Network" title="History News Network">History News Network</a>, July 8, 2002, Web. Retrieved May 18, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for instance the second edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Fowler%27s_Modern_English_Usage" class="mw-redirect" title="Fowler's Modern English Usage">A Dictionary of Modern English Usage</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Watson_Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Watson Fowler">H. W. Fowler</a>, revised by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gowers" title="Ernest Gowers">Ernest Gowers</a> (Oxford, 1965).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibb1969" class="citation book cs1">Gibb, Sir Hamilton (1969). <i>Mohammedanism: an historical survey</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 1. <q>Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mohammedanism%3A+an+historical+survey&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=Sir+Hamilton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Muslimite" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Muslimite">"Muslimite"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Muslimite&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DMuslimite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbas2005" class="citation book cs1">Abbas, Tahir (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimbritaincom00abba"><i>Muslim Britain: Communities Under Pressure</i></a></span>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimbritaincom00abba/page/n68">50</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Britain%3A+Communities+Under+Pressure&rft.pages=50&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Tahir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuslimbritaincom00abba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdelnour2021" class="citation book cs1">Abdelnour, Mohammed Gamal (25 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OkwwEAAAQBAJ"><i>A Comparative History of Catholic and Aš'arī Theologies of Truth and Salvation</i></a>. Brill. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OkwwEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA154">154</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004461765" title="Special:BookSources/9789004461765"><bdi>9789004461765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comparative+History+of+Catholic+and+A%C5%A1%27ar%C4%AB+Theologies+of+Truth+and+Salvation&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2021-05-25&rft.isbn=9789004461765&rft.aulast=Abdelnour&rft.aufirst=Mohammed+Gamal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOkwwEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Seyyed Hossein Nasr</a> (2015), <u>The Study Quran</u>, HarperCollins, footnote p. 146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/3/67/">"Ayah al-Imran (The Family of Imran, The House of Imran) 3:67"</a>. <i>www.islamawakened.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.islamawakened.com&rft.atitle=Ayah+al-Imran+%28The+Family+of+Imran%2C+The+House+of+Imran%29+3%3A67&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamawakened.com%2Fquran%2F3%2F67%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/3/52/">"Ayah al-Imran (The Family of Imran, The House of Imran) 3:52"</a>. <i>www.islamawakened.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.islamawakened.com&rft.atitle=Ayah+al-Imran+%28The+Family+of+Imran%2C+The+House+of+Imran%29+3%3A52&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamawakened.com%2Fquran%2F3%2F52%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Galonnier, Juliette. "Moving In or Moving Toward? Reconceptualizing Conversion to Islam as a Liminal Process1." Moving in and out of Islam. University of Texas Press, 2018. 44-66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170426134526/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1859">"Pillars of Islam"</a>. <i>Oxford Islamic Studies Online</i>. 26 April 2017. Archived from the original on 26 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Islamic+Studies+Online&rft.atitle=Pillars+of+Islam&rft.date=2017-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft125%2Fe1859&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordonGordon2009" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Matthew; Gordon, Professor of Middle East Islamic History Matthew S (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vHG_VulBdd4C&q=convert+islam+shahada&pg=PA87"><i>Matthew S. Gordon and Martin Palmer, </i>Islam<i>, Info base Publishing, 2009</i></a>. Infobase. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438117782" title="Special:BookSources/9781438117782"><bdi>9781438117782</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210320105511/https://books.google.com/books?id=vHG_VulBdd4C&q=convert+islam+shahada&pg=PA87">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matthew+S.+Gordon+and+Martin+Palmer%2C+Islam%2C+Info+base+Publishing%2C+2009&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781438117782&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Gordon%2C+Professor+of+Middle+East+Islamic+History+Matthew+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvHG_VulBdd4C%26q%3Dconvert%2Bislam%2Bshahada%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LS-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LS_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindsay, p. 140–141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cornell9-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cornell9_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cornell, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Anthony_Sells1999" class="citation book cs1">Michael Anthony Sells (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EYCFTVDDKmkC"><i>Approaching the Qur'an: The Early Revelations</i></a>. White Cloud Press. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781883991265" title="Special:BookSources/9781883991265"><bdi>9781883991265</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301182642/https://books.google.com/books?id=EYCFTVDDKmkC">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Approaching+the+Qur%27an%3A+The+Early+Revelations&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=White+Cloud+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781883991265&rft.au=Michael+Anthony+Sells&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEYCFTVDDKmkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Later Mughals</i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Irvine_(historian)" title="William Irvine (historian)">William Irvine</a> p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSU-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WSU_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooker1999" class="citation web cs1">Hooker, Richard (14 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203124633/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM">"arkan ad-din the five pillars of religion"</a>. United States: <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_University" title="Washington State University">Washington State University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM">the original</a> on 3 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=arkan+ad-din+the+five+pillars+of+religion&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Washington+State+University&rft.date=1999-07-14&rft.aulast=Hooker&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsu.edu%2F~dee%2FGLOSSARY%2F5PILLARS.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html">"Religions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. United States: <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html">the original</a> on 9 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Religions&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2122.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johansen, Baber. Contingency in a sacred law: legal and ethical norms in the Muslim fiqh. Vol. 7. Brill, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung1970" class="citation journal cs1">Madelung, Wilferd (1970). "Early Sunni Doctrine concerning Faith as Reflected in the "Kitab al-Iman" of Abu 'Ubayd al-Qasim b. Sallam (d. 224/839)". <i>Studia Islamica</i> (32): 233–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1595222">10.2307/1595222</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595222">1595222</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Islamica&rft.atitle=Early+Sunni+Doctrine+concerning+Faith+as+Reflected+in+the+%22Kitab+al-Iman%22+of+Abu+%27Ubayd+al-Qasim+b.+Sallam+%28d.+224%2F839%29&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=233-254&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1595222&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1595222%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt, W. Montgomery. "A Commentary on the Creed of Islam: al-Taftazani on the Creed of al-Nasafi. Translated, with introduction and notes, by Earl Edgar Elder, pp. xxxii+ 187. New York: Columbia University Press (London: Geoffrey Cumberlege). 1950. 30s." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 83.1-2 (1951): 129-129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchimmel" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schimmel, Annemarie. <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam">"Islam"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islam&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Schimmel&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FIslam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELang201598-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELang201598_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLang2015">Lang 2015</a>, p. 98.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLang2015 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Books_of_Islam-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Books_of_Islam_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catstevens.com/think/spiritual-domain/the-books-of-islam/">"The Books of Islam"</a>. <i>Yusuf / Cat Stevens</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111044624/https://catstevens.com/think/spiritual-domain/the-books-of-islam/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yusuf+%2F+Cat+Stevens&rft.atitle=The+Books+of+Islam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatstevens.com%2Fthink%2Fspiritual-domain%2Fthe-books-of-islam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Distrib-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Distrib_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Distrib_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/files/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf">"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pew Research Center. October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205171040/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2017</span>. <q>Of the total Muslim population, 30%-40% are Shia Muslims and 60-70% are Sunni Muslims.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mapping+the+Global+Muslim+Population%3A+A+Report+on+the+Size+and+Distribution+of+the+World%27s+Muslim+Population&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2009-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2Ffiles%2F2009%2F10%2FMuslimpopulation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2002" class="citation book cs1">Esposito, John L. (15 October 2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed00espo"><i>What everyone needs to know about Islam</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed00espo/page/n42">21</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515713-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515713-0"><bdi>978-0-19-515713-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+everyone+needs+to+know+about+Islam&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002-10-15&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515713-0&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhateveryoneneed00espo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2005" class="citation book cs1">Esposito, John (2005). <i>Islam : the straight path</i> (Rev. 3rd ed., updated with new epilogue. ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 2, 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518266-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518266-8"><bdi>978-0-19-518266-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+%3A+the+straight+path&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=2%2C+43&rft.edition=Rev.+3rd+ed.%2C+updated+with+new+epilogue.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518266-8&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margaret Kleffner Nydell <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC">Understanding Arabs: A Guide For Modern Times</a>, Intercultural Press, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1931930252" title="Special:BookSources/1931930252">1931930252</a>, page xxiii, 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Eaton2009" class="citation book cs1">Richard Eaton (8 September 2009). "Forest Clearing and the Growth of Islam in Bengal". In Barbara D. Metcalf (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C"><i>Islam in South Asia in Practice</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3138-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3138-8"><bdi>978-1-4008-3138-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Forest+Clearing+and+the+Growth+of+Islam+in+Bengal&rft.btitle=Islam+in+South+Asia+in+Practice&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-3138-8&rft.au=Richard+Eaton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpR0LzVCpfw8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeghna_GuhathakurtaWillem_van_Schendel2013" class="citation book cs1">Meghna Guhathakurta; Willem van Schendel (30 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&pg=PA50"><i>The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics</i></a>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0822353188" title="Special:BookSources/978-0822353188"><bdi>978-0822353188</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bangladesh+Reader%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+Politics&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2013-04-30&rft.isbn=978-0822353188&rft.au=Meghna+Guhathakurta&rft.au=Willem+van+Schendel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhaGORCJRlOUC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGandhi2013" class="citation book cs1">Gandhi, Rajmohan (2013). <i>Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten</i>. New Delhi, India, Urbana, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>: Aleph Book Company. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-83064-41-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-83064-41-0"><bdi>978-93-83064-41-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punjab%3A+A+History+from+Aurangzeb+to+Mountbatten&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India%2C+Urbana%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Aleph+Book+Company&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-93-83064-41-0&rft.aulast=Gandhi&rft.aufirst=Rajmohan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeyfiMichael_Hall2020" class="citation book cs1">Seyfi, Siamak; Michael Hall, C. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000177169" title="Special:BookSources/9781000177169"><bdi>9781000177169</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+and+Heritage+Tourism+in+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+Complexities%2C+Management+and+Practices&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft.isbn=9781000177169&rft.aulast=Seyfi&rft.aufirst=Siamak&rft.au=Michael+Hall%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbujyDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dnon%2BdenominationaL%2Bislam%26pg%3DPT14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/">"The Changing Global Religious Landscape"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i>. 5 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406033738/http://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=The+Changing+Global+Religious+Landscape&rft.date=2017-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2017%2F04%2F05%2Fthe-changing-global-religious-landscape%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke" class="citation news cs1">Burke, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/index.html">"The fastest growing religion in the world is ..."</a> CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160511135834/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+fastest+growing+religion+in+the+world+is+...&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F04%2F02%2Fliving%2Fpew-study-religion%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pew-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pew_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pew_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pew_111-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2009/10/Muslimpopulation-1.pdf">The Future of the Global Muslim Population</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+the+Global+Muslim+Population&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2011-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Freligion%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F7%2F2009%2F10%2FMuslimpopulation-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_Islam-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Islam_112-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2011/01/FutureGlobalMuslimPopulation-WebPDF-Feb10.pdf">The Future of the Global Muslim Population</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+the+Global+Muslim+Population&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2011-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Freligion%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F7%2F2011%2F01%2FFutureGlobalMuslimPopulation-WebPDF-Feb10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pew2016-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_113-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pew2016_113-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2016/12/21094148/Religion-Education-ONLINE-FINAL.pdf">"Religion and Education Around the World"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pew Research Center. 13 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222152619/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2016/12/21094148/Religion-Education-ONLINE-FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Education+Around+the+World&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassets.pewresearch.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F11%2F2016%2F12%2F21094148%2FReligion-Education-ONLINE-FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Wikisaurus:Muslim">Wikisaurus:Muslim</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muslims" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Muslims">Muslims</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamicsupremecouncil.org/understanding-islam/legal-rulings/53-ritual-prayer-its-meaning-and-manner.html">Ritual Prayer: Its Meaning and Manner</a> – The Islamic Supreme Council of America.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teachmiddleeast.lib.uchicago.edu/historical-perspectives/rulership-and-justice/islamic-period/essay/essay-02.html">Muhammad and the First Muslim Ummah</a> – University of Chicago</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamophobiatoday.com/"><i>Islamophobia Today</i> Newspaper</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210922184915/http://www.islamophobiatoday.com/">Archived</a> 22 September 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – An Islamophobia news clearing house</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/24419416/UNDERSTANDING_and_COUNTERING_ISLAMOPHOBIA">Sammy Aziz Rahmatti, <i>Understanding and Countering Islamophobia</i></a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikisaurus:Muslim" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Wikisaurus:Muslim">WikiSaurus:Muslim</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/understanding-islam">"Understanding Islam"</a>. <i>Susan Headden</i>. 7 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Susan+Headden&rft.atitle=Understanding+Islam&rft.date=2008-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Freligion%2Farticles%2F2008%2F04%2F07%2Funderstanding-islam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000816004118/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html">"Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents"</a>. Adherents.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Religions+of+the+World+Ranked+by+Number+of+Adherents&rft.pub=Adherents.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2FReligions_By_Adherents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslims" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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aria-labelledby="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and things in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-humans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-humans</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allāh</a> ('The <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names</a> of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> found in the Quran, such as <i>Karīm</i> (Generous)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">baqara</a></i> (cow) of Israelites</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam#The_plot_against_Joseph" title="Joseph in Islam">dhiʾb</a></i> (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">fīl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">elephant</a>) of the Abyssinians</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Domesticated donkey</a>)</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">hud-hud</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</a>) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i>kalb</i> (dog) of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">sleepers of the cave</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">namlah</a></i> (female ant) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Jonah#The_fish" title="Jonah">nūn</a></i> (fish or whale) of Jonah</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/She-Camel_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="She-Camel of God">nāqat</a></i> (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAnkabūt</i> (Female <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spider</a>)</li> <li><i>Dābbat al-Arḍ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a>)</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Wild ass</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honey#Ancient_times" title="Honey">Naḥl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bee</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qaswarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaswarah">Qaswarah</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Lion</a>', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Malāʾikah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angels of Hell <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabaniyya">Zabāniyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><i>Kirāman Kātibīn</i> (Honourable Scribes) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raqib" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqib">Raqib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atid" title="Atid">Atid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muqarrabun" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel#Islam" title="Archangel"><i>Muqarrabun</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrīl</a> (Gabriel, chief) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Ar-Rūḥ</a></i> ('The Spirit') <ul><li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn</i> ('The Trustworthy Spirit')</li> <li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus</i> ('The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Angel of the Trumpet (<a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azrael#In_Islam" title="Azrael">Malakul-Mawt</a></i> (Angel of Death, Azrael)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Mīkāil</a> (Michael)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></i> (Genies)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jann_(legendary_creature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jann (legendary creature)">Jann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifrit#Islamic_scripture" title="Ifrit">ʿIfrīt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Sakhr</a></i> (Asmodeus)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareen" title="Qareen">Qarīn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shaitan" title="Shaitan">Shayāṭīn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblīs</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Satan#Islam" title="Satan">ash-Shayṭān</a></i> (the (chief) <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marid" title="Marid">Mārid</a></i> ('Rebellious one')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilmān</a></i> or <i>Wildān</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Ḥūr</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prophets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Ādam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</a>ʿ (<a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dāwūd</a> (<a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhūl-Kifl</a> (Ezekiel?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Hārūn</a> (Aaron)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hūd</a> (Eber?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idrīs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">Ilyās</a> (Elijah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">ʿImrān</a> (Joachim the father of Maryam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isḥāq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismāʿīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac#Muslim_views" title="Binding of Isaac">Dhabih Ullah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lūṭ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Ṣāliḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuʿayb</a> (Jethro, Reuel or <a href="/wiki/Hobab_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobab (biblical figure)">Hobab</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulaymān</a> ibn Dāwūd (<a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> son of David)</li> <li>ʿ<a href="/wiki/Uzair" title="Uzair">Uzair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist#Islam" title="John the Baptist">Yaḥyā</a> ibn Zakariyyā (<a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> the son of Zechariah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaʿqūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>) <ul><li>Isrāʾīl (Israel)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>) <ul><li><i>Dhūn-Nūn</i> ('He of the <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whale</a>)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')</li> <li><i>Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt</i> ('Companion of the Whale')</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yūsuf</a> ibn Ya‘qūb (<a href="/wiki/Joseph" title="Joseph">Joseph</a> son of Jacob)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)#In_Islam" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zakariyyā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulu-l-%E2%80%98Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulu-l-‘Azm">Ulul-ʿAzm</a></i><br />('Those of the<br /> Perseverance<br /> and Strong Will')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muḥammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_the_Quran" title="Muhammad in the Quran">Aḥmad</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Muhammad" title="Names and titles of Muhammad">names and titles of Muhammad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Masīḥ</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>)</li> <li><i>Ibn Maryam</i> (Son of Mary)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsā Kalīmullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> He who spoke to God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> Friend of God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nūḥ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debatable ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhūl-Qarnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqman" title="Luqman">Luqmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Maryam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talut" title="Talut">Ṭālūt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a>?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah#Islamic_views" title="Jeremiah">Irmiyā</a> (Jeremiah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel#Islam" title="Samuel">Ṣamūʾīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua#In_Islam" title="Joshua">Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn</a> (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_of_Prophets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People of Prophets</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Good ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adam's immediate relatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Martyred son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve#Islamic_view" title="Eve">Wife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_the_Carpenter" title="Habib the Carpenter">Believer of Ya-Sin</a></li> <li>Family of Noah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Father Lamech</a></li> <li>Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos</li></ul></li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li>People of Abraham <ul><li>Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagar_in_Islam" title="Hagar in Islam">Ishmael's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah#In_Islam" title="Sarah">Isaac's mother</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Jesus <ul><li>Disciples (including <a href="/wiki/Peter_in_Islam" title="Peter in Islam">Peter</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne#In_Islam" title="Saint Anne">Mary's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)#In_Islam" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Zechariah's wife</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Solomon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba#Islam" title="Bathsheba">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Islamic" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_ibn_Barkhiya" title="Asif ibn Barkhiya">Vizier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Harithah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayd ibn Harithah">Zayd</a> (Muhammad's adopted son)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of<br /> Joseph</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brothers (including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin in Islam">Binyāmin</a> (Benjamin) and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Simeon (son of Jacob)">Simeon</a>)</li> <li>Egyptians <ul><li><i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Potiphar" title="Potiphar">Potiphar</a>, Qatafir or Qittin)</li> <li><i>Malik</i> (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))</li> <li>Wife of <i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Zuleikha_(tradition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuleikha (tradition)">Zulaykhah</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel#In_Islam" title="Rachel">Mother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of <br />Aaron and Moses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Egyptians <ul><li>Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)</li> <li><i>Imraʾat Firʿawn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Asiya" title="Asiya">Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim</a> the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(Exodus)#In_Muslim_tradition" title="Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus)">Wife of Pharaoh</a>, who adopted Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam#Confrontation_with_sorcerers" title="Moses in Islam">Magicians of the Pharaoh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Wise, pious man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Moses' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Moses' sister-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochebed#The_Islamic_view_of_Jochebed" title="Jochebed">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam#Quranic_account" title="Miriam">Sister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Evil ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam#Family" title="Abraham in Islam">Āzar</a> (possibly <a href="/wiki/Terah#Islamic_tradition" title="Terah">Terah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaohs_in_the_Bible" title="Pharaohs in the Bible">Firʿawn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of Moses' time)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haman_(Islam)" title="Haman (Islam)">Hāmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath#Islam" title="Goliath">Jālūt</a> (Goliath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korah#Quranic_reference" title="Korah">Qārūn</a> (Korah, cousin of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiri_(Islamic_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiri (Islamic figure)">As-Sāmirī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Lahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Lahab">Abū Lahab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slayers_of_%E1%B9%A2%C4%81li%E1%B8%A5%27s_she-camel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (page does not exist)">Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel</a> (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied or<br />not specified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraha" title="Abraha">Abraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam#Balaam_in_the_Quran" title="Balaam">Bal'am/Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%E1%B9%A3%C4%AB%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Barṣīṣā">Barṣīṣā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb#Quranic_account" title="Caleb">Caleb or Kaleb</a> the companion of Joshua</li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a></li> <li>Rahmah the wife of Ayyub</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Jannah</i> <ul><li>People of Paradise</li> <li>People of the Burnt Garden</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb as-Sabt</i> (Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Jesus' apostles</a> <ul><li><i>Ḥawāriyyūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples of Jesus</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Companions of Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm</i> (<a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">Companions of the Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahab,_Jordan#Famous_places_in_Sahab" title="Sahab, Jordan">Al-Raqaim?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">Companions of the Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia#Al-Ukhd.C5.ABd_Archeological_Area" title="Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia">People of al-Ukhdūd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">People of Yathrib</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Lūṭ</i> (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li>Nation of Noah</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tribes,_ethnicitiesor_families" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes,<br /> ethnicities<br />or families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>‘<a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)"><i>Ar-Rūm</i></a> (literally 'The Romans')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Banī Isrāʾīl</a></i> (Children of Israel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#Islamic" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Muʾtafikāt</a></i> (Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">People of Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">People of Ilyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">People of Nuh</a></li> <li>People of Shuaib <ul><li><i>Ahl Madyan</i> <a href="/wiki/Midian#In_the_Qur'an" title="Midian">People of Madyan</a>)</li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Aykah</i> ('Companions of the Wood')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Qawm <a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a></i> (People of Jonah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog">Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">People of Fir'aun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)</a> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb Muḥammad</i> (<a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of Muhammad</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Anṣār</a> (literally 'Helpers')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Jamil" title="Umm Jamil">Wife of Abu Lahab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Children of Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Sons of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wife of Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_wife" title="Lot's wife">Wife of Lut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog"><i>Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj</i></a> (Gog and Magog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Noah#Extrabiblical_sons_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Noah">Son of Nuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Aʿrāb</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arabs</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a> (people of Hud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Rass" title="Companions of the Rass">Companions of the Rass</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Tubbaʿ</i> (People of <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saba_and_Himyar" title="List of rulers of Saba and Himyar">Tubba</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">People of Sabaʾ or Sheba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamūd</a> (people of Ṣāliḥ) <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr</i> ('Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mada'in Saleh">Stoneland</a>')</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ahl al-Bayt</i><br /> ('People of the<br /> Household')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Household of Abraham <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob#Children_of_Jacob" title="Jacob">Brothers of Yūsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_daughters" title="Lot's daughters">Lot's daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Progeny of Imran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Moses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Household of Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Khadijah%27s_daughters" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters">Daughters of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_wives" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad's wives">Muhammad's wives</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Salih</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implicitly<br />mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a></li> <li><i>Ahl as-Suffa</i> (People of the Verandah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qaynuqa" title="Banu Qaynuqa">Banu Qaynuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Ahl al-Dhimmah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kāfirūn</a></i> <ul><li>disbelievers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Majūs</i> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munafiq" title="Munafiq">Munāfiqūn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">Hypocrites</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muslims</a> <ul><li>Believers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Ahl al-Kitāb</i> (<a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</a>) <ul><li><i>Naṣārā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>(s) or People of the Injil) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Ruhban (Christian monks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest#Christianity" title="Priest">Qissis (Christian priest)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Yahūd</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">Ahbār (Jewish scholars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbani/Rabbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians#Islamic_reference" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia#Mecca" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Meccan polytheists</a> at the time of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian polytheists</a> at the time of Abraham and Lot</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Locations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah</a></i> ('The Holy Land') <ul><li>'Blessed' Land'</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a>, literally 'The Garden')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Huta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab Huta">Door of Hittah</a></li> <li><i>Madyan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Midian" title="Midian">Midian</a>)</li> <li><i>Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn</i></li> <li><i>Miṣr</i> (Mainland <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li>Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> <br />(excluding Madyan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)#Historical_context" title="Hud (prophet)">Al-Aḥqāf</a></i> ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') <ul><li><i>Iram dhāt al-ʿImād</i> (<a href="/wiki/Iram_of_the_Pillars" title="Iram of the Pillars">Iram of the Pillars</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Madīnah</a></i> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">Yathrib</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">ʿArafāt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzdalifah#The_Sacred_Monument" title="Muzdalifah">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hegra_(Mada%27in_Salih)" title="Hegra (Mada'in Salih)">Al-Ḥijr</a></i> (Hegra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Badr, Saudi Arabia">Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunayn,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Hunayn, Saudi Arabia">Ḥunayn</a></li> <li><i>Makkah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakkah" title="Bakkah">Bakkah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">Ḥaraman</a> Āminan</i> ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')</li> <li><i>Kaʿbah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maqam_Ibrahim" title="Maqam Ibrahim">Maqām Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Station of Abraham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_and_Marwa" title="Safa and Marwa">Safa and Marwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">Sabaʾ</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</a>) <ul><li><i>ʿArim Sabaʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Marib_Dam" title="Marib Dam">Dam of Sheba</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar_Rass" title="Ar Rass">Rass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Peninsula in Islam">Sinai Region</a><br /> or Tīh Desert</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wād</a> Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan</i> (The Holy <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Tuwa">Valley of Tuwa</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Wādil-Ayman</i> (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Buq%E2%80%98ah_Al-Mub%C4%81rakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Buq‘ah Al-Mubārakah">Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah</a></i> ('The Blessed Place')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Al-Jūdiyy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Munzal_Al-Mub%C4%81rak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Munzal Al-Mubārak">Munzalanm-Mubārakan</a></i> ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Bābil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>)</li> <li><i>Qaryat Yūnus</i> ('Township of <a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Jonah</a>,' that is <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Bayʿa</a></i> (Church)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Miḥrāb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a></li> <li><i>Masjid</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a>, literally 'Place of <a href="/wiki/Sujud" title="Sujud">Prostration</a>') <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mash%27ar_Al-Haram" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></i> ('The Sacred Grove')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Sacred Mosque</a> of Mecca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Masjid_al-Dirar" title="Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar">Masjid al-Dirar</a></li> <li>A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: <ul><li><i>Masjid Qubāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">The Prophet's Mosque</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Salat (Synagogue)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arabia <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Ḥijāz</a></i> (literally 'The Barrier') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Stone" title="Black Stone"><i>Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad</i></a> (Black Stone) & <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Hijr_of_Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hijr of Ishmael">Al-Hijr of Isma'il</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Hira">Cave of Hira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Thawr#Cave" title="Jabal Thawr"><i>Ghār ath-Thawr</i></a> (Cave of the Bull)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Hudaybiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayla (city)">Ayla</a></li> <li>Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Muqaddas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt al-Muqaddas">Bayt al-Muqaddas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">'Ariha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamia in the Quran">Bilād ar-Rāfidayn</a></i> (Mesopotamia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Location_of_the_cave_and_duration_of_stay" title="Seven Sleepers">Cave of Seven Sleepers</a></li> <li><i>Dār an-Nadwa</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> River</li> <li>Palestine River</li> <li>Paradise of <a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Events,_incidents,_occasions_or_times" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events, incidents, occasions or times</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incident of Ifk</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Power" title="Night of Power">Laylat al-Qadr</a></i> (Night of Decree)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Mubahala">Event of Mubahala</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sayl_al-%27Arim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayl al-'Arim">Sayl al-ʿArim</a></i> (Flood of the Great Dam of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27rib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'rib">Ma'rib</a> in Sheba)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Pilgrimage" title="Farewell Pilgrimage">Farewell Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Treaty of Hudaybiyyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles or<br />military expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of <i>al-Aḥzāb</i></a> ('the Confederates')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hunayn" title="Battle of Hunayn">Battle of Hunayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khaybar" title="Battle of Khaybar">Battle of Khaybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_Tabuk" title="Expedition of Tabuk">Expedition of Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">Conquest of Mecca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumuʿah</a></i> (The Friday)</li> <li><i>As-<a href="/wiki/Sabbath#Islam" title="Sabbath">Sabt</a></i> (The Sabbath or Saturday)</li> <li>Days of battles</li> <li>Days of Hajj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Doomsday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>12 months: Four holy months <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām</a> (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramaḍān</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilgrimages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Ḥajj</a></i> (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)</li> <li><i>Al-ʿ<a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (The Lesser Pilgrimage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Times for prayer<br />or remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Times for <i><a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Duʿāʾ</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a>'), <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Ṣalāh</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></i> ('Remembrance', including <i><a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">Taḥmīd</a></i> ('Praising'), <i><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbīr</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbīḥ</a></i>): <ul><li><i>Al-ʿAshiyy</i> (The Afternoon or the Night)</li> <li><i>Al-Ghuduww</i> ('The Mornings') <ul><li><i>Al-Bukrah</i> ('The Morning')</li> <li><i>Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ</i> ('The Morning')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-Layl</i> ('The Night') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">ʿIshāʾ</a></i> ('The Late-Night')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aẓ-<a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Ẓuhr</a></i> ('The Noon')</li> <li><i>Dulūk ash-Shams</i> ('Decline of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Masāʾ</a></i> ('The Evening')</li> <li><i>Qabl al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Ghurūb</a></i> ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') <ul><li><i>Al-Aṣīl</i> ('The Afternoon')</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">ʿAṣr</a></i> ('The Afternoon')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams</i> ('Before the rising of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</a></i> ('The Dawn')</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm" title="Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pilgrimage" title="First Pilgrimage">First Pilgrimage</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Injīl</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of Jesus)</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qurʾān</a></i> (The Book of Muhammad)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Abraham" title="Scrolls of Abraham">Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Abraham)</li> <li><i>At-<a href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Tawrāt</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Moses" title="Scrolls of Moses">Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Az-<a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabūr</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> of David)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Quran" title="Heavenly Quran">Umm al-Kitāb</a></i> ('Mother of the Book(s)')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects <br />of people<br />or beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_of_Moses" title="Staff of Moses">Staff of Musa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant#Quran" title="Ark of the Covenant">Tābūt as-Sakīnah</a></i> (Casket of Shekhinah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Qur'anic_account" title="Queen of Sheba">Throne of Bilqis</a></li> <li>Trumpet of Israfil</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mentioned_idols(cult_images)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned idols<br />(cult images)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>'Ansāb</li> <li><i>Jibt</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Ṭāghūt</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/False_god" title="False god">False god</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Israelites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal#In_Islam" title="Baal">Baʿal</a></li> <li>The <i>ʿijl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</a> statue) of Israelites</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Noah's people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_(deity)" title="Nasr (deity)">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwāʿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagh%C5%ABth" title="Yaghūth">Yaghūth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Yaʿūq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Quraysh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uzza" title="Al-Uzza">Al-ʿUzzā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manat_(goddess)" title="Manat (goddess)">Manāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celestial<br /> bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Maṣābīḥ</i> (literally 'lamps'): <ul><li><i>Al-Qamar</i> (The Moon)</li> <li><i>Kawākib</i> (Planets) <ul><li><i>Al-Arḍ</i> (The Earth)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Nujūm</i> (Stars) <ul><li><i>Ash-Shams</i> (The Sun)</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i>Baṣal</i> (Onion)</li> <li><i>Fūm</i> (Garlic or wheat)</li> <li><i>Shaṭʾ</i> (Shoot)</li> <li><i>Sūq</i> (Plant stem)</li> <li><i>Zarʿ</i> (Seed)</li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAdas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a>)</li> <li><i>Baql</i> (Herb)</li> <li><i>Qith-thāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a>)</li> <li><i>Rummān</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a>)</li> <li><i>Tīn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">Fig</a>)</li> <li><i>Zaytūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a>)</li> <li>In Paradise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit#Islamic_tradition" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit of Adam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bushes, trees<br />or plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Plants of Sheba <ul><li><i>Athl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">Tamarisk</a>)</li> <li><i>Sidr</i> (<a href="/wiki/Celtis_australis" title="Celtis australis">Lote-tree</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Līnah</i> (Tender <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Palm tree</a>)</li> <li><i>Nakhl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">Sidrat al-Muntahā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaqqum" title="Zaqqum">Zaqqūm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Māʾ</i> (Water or fluid) <ul><li><i>Nahr</i> (River)</li> <li><i>Yamm</i> (River or sea)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Sharāb</i> (Drink)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Note:</b> Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47740#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47740#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47740#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4040921-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85089077">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318576v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318576v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564597">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="muslimové"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph123046&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="muslimky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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