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href="#Succession_struggle_with_Cao_Zhi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Succession struggle with Cao Zhi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession_struggle_with_Cao_Zhi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_King_of_Wei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_King_of_Wei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>As King of Wei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_King_of_Wei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_emperor_of_Cao_Wei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_emperor_of_Cao_Wei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>As emperor of Cao Wei</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-As_emperor_of_Cao_Wei-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle As emperor of Cao Wei subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-As_emperor_of_Cao_Wei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Succeeding_Emperor_Xian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succeeding_Emperor_Xian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Succeeding Emperor Xian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succeeding_Emperor_Xian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_failures_against_Sun_Quan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_failures_against_Sun_Quan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Military failures against Sun Quan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_failures_against_Sun_Quan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_matters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_matters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Domestic matters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_matters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Treatment_of_princes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_of_princes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Treatment of princes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_of_princes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_of_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_of_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Treatment of officials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_of_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succession_issues_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession_issues_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Succession issues and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession_issues_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consorts_and_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consorts_and_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Consorts and issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consorts_and_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cao Pi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="تساو بي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تساو بي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ao_Pey" title="Çao Pey – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çao Pey" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B4_Phi" title="Chô Phi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chô Phi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Цаа Пэй – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цаа Пэй" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cchao_Pchi" title="Cchao Pchi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cchao Pchi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88_%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="سائو پی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سائو پی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%A0u_Ph%C3%AE" title="Chhàu Phî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhàu Phî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%B9%84" title="조비 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B5_%D5%8E%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%91%D5%A1%D5%B8_%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Վեյ Վընտի Ցաո Պին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեյ Վընտի Ցաո Պին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="साओ पी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="साओ पी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%95_%D7%A4%D7%99" title="צאו פי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צאו פי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%89" title="تساو بى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تساو بى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2%CC%A4_P%C4%AB" title="Cò̤ Pī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cò̤ Pī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E4%B8%95" title="曹丕 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="曹丕" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C_%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8" title="ឆាវ ភី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆាវ ភី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Цао Пэй – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цао Пэй" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="چاوۆ پی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چاوۆ پی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B5" title="โจผี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โจผี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cao Pi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%96" title="Цао Пі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цао Пі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0o_Phi" title="Tào Phi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tào Phi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="魏文帝 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="魏文帝" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E4%B8%95" title="曹丕 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="曹丕" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Emperor Wen of Wei" redirects here. For the emperor of <a href="/wiki/Western_Wei" title="Western Wei">Western Wei</a> (Yuan Baoju), see <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Wen of Western Wei">Emperor Wen of Western Wei</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Emperor Wen of Wei<br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">魏文帝</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cao_Pi_Tang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cao_Pi_Tang.jpg/180px-Cao_Pi_Tang.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cao_Pi_Tang.jpg/270px-Cao_Pi_Tang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cao_Pi_Tang.jpg/360px-Cao_Pi_Tang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="1262" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">A <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> painting of Cao Pi and two ministers flanking him, by <a href="/wiki/Yan_Liben" title="Yan Liben">Yan Liben</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Emperor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">11 December 220<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007555_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007555-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 29 June 226</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui" title="Cao Rui">Cao Rui</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="Kings of the Han dynasty">King</a> of Wei (魏王)<br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">(under the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han Empire</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">15 March 220 – 11 December 220</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor (China)">Imperial Chancellor</a> (丞相)<br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">(under the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han Empire</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">15 March 220 – 11 December 220</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>late 187<sup id="cite_ref-birth_year_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birth_year-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Qiao County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pei_Commandery" title="Pei Commandery">Pei State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han Empire</a><sup id="cite_ref-birth_year_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birth_year-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 29, 226<span style="display:none">(226-06-29)</span> (aged 38–39)<sup id="cite_ref-death_date_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death_date-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Shouyang Mausoleum (首陽陵), <a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consorts</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Zhen" title="Lady Zhen">Empress Wenzhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_N%C3%BCwang" title="Guo Nüwang">Empress Wende</a></li> <li>Lady Li</li> <li>Lady Pan</li> <li>Lady Zhu</li> <li>Lady Qiu</li> <li>Lady Ren</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han#Family" title="Emperor Xian of Han">Lady Liu</a> (elder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han#Family" title="Emperor Xian of Han">Lady Liu</a> (younger)</li> <li>Consort Xu</li> <li>Consort Su</li> <li>Consort Zhang</li> <li>Consort Song</li> <li>Consort Yin</li> <li>Consort Chai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui" title="Cao Rui">Cao Rui</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cao_Xie" title="Cao Xie">Cao Xie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui_(Prince_of_Beihai)" title="Cao Rui (Prince of Beihai)">Cao Rui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Jian" title="Cao Jian">Cao Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Lin_(Prince_of_Donghai)" title="Cao Lin (Prince of Donghai)">Cao Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Li" title="Cao Li">Cao Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Yong_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Cao Yong (Three Kingdoms)">Cao Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Gong" title="Cao Gong">Cao Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Yan" title="Cao Yan">Cao Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Dongxiang" title="Princess Dongxiang">Princess Dongxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><b>Family name:</b> Cao (曹)<br /><b>Given name:</b> Pi (丕)<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy name</a></b>: Zihuan (子桓)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Era name and dates</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Huangchu (黄初): 220–226</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Emperor Wen (文帝)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Gaozu (高祖)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Bian" title="Empress Dowager Bian">Empress Wuxuan</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Cao Pi</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cao_Pi_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cao_Pi_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/120px-Cao_Pi_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cao_Pi_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/250px-Cao_Pi_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Cao Pi" in Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">曹丕</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Cáo Pī</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Tsaur Pi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Ts'ao<sup>2</sup> P'i<sup>1</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tsʰǎʊ pʰí]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Tsòuh Pēi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Cou<sup>4</sup> Pei<sup>1</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tsʰɔw˩ pʰej˥]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Tsô Phi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Late Middle Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ltc-Latn">Dzaw Pʰi</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Cao_(Chinese_surname)" title="Cao (Chinese surname)">Cao</a></i>.</div> <p><b>Cao Pi</b> (<span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6c\/Cao_Pi.ogg\/Cao_Pi.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"pronunciation"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Cao Pi.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Cao_Pi.ogg/Cao_Pi.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">pronunciation</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Cao_Pi.ogg" title="File:Cao Pi.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>late 187<sup id="cite_ref-birth_year_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birth_year-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 29 June 226<sup id="cite_ref-death_date_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death_date-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny200745_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny200745-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> <b>Zihuan</b>, was the first <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">emperor</a> of the state of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period of China. He was the second son of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a>, a warlord who lived in the late <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a>, but the eldest son among all the children born to Cao Cao by his concubine (later wife), <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Bian" title="Empress Dowager Bian">Lady Bian</a>. According to some historical records, he was often in the presence of court officials in order to gain their support.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was mostly in charge of defence<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2010)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> at the start of his career. After the defeat of Cao Cao's rival <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shao" title="Yuan Shao">Yuan Shao</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guandu" title="Battle of Guandu">Battle of Guandu</a>, he took <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Xi" title="Yuan Xi">Yuan Xi</a>'s wife, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Zhen" title="Lady Zhen">Lady Zhen</a>, as a concubine, but in 221 Lady Zhen died and <a href="/wiki/Guo_N%C3%BCwang" title="Guo Nüwang">Guo Nüwang</a> became empress. </p><p>On 25 November 220,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007xxxiii_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007xxxiii-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cao Pi forced <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han" title="Emperor Xian of Han">Emperor Xian</a>, the last ruler of the Eastern Han dynasty, to abdicate in his favour, after which on 11 December 220<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007555_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007555-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he proclaimed himself emperor and established the state of Cao Wei. Cao Pi continued the wars against the states of <a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a>, founded by his father's rivals <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun_Quan" title="Sun Quan">Sun Quan</a> respectively, but did not make significant territorial gain in the battles. Unlike his father, Cao Pi concentrated most of his efforts on internal administration rather than on waging wars against his rivals. During his reign, he formally established <a href="/wiki/Chen_Qun" title="Chen Qun">Chen Qun</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nine-rank_system" title="Nine-rank system">nine-rank system</a> as the base for <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil service</a> nomination, which drew many talents into his government. On the other hand, he drastically reduced the power of princes, stripping off their power to oppose him, but at the same time, rendering them unable to assist the emperor if a crisis arose within the state. After Cao Pi's death, his successor <a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui" title="Cao Rui">Cao Rui</a> granted him the <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous name</a> "Emperor Wen" and the <a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">temple name</a> "Gaozu". </p><p>Cao Pi was also an accomplished poet and scholar, just like his father Cao Cao and his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhi" title="Cao Zhi">Cao Zhi</a>. He wrote <i>Yan Ge Xing</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">燕歌行</span></span>), the first <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Chinese poem</a> in the style of seven syllables per line (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">七言詩</span></span>). He also wrote over a hundred articles on various subjects. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cao Pi was the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a> and his concubine <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Bian" title="Empress Dowager Bian">Lady Bian</a>, but he was the second among all of Cao Cao's sons, the eldest being <a href="/wiki/Cao_Ang" title="Cao Ang">Cao Ang</a>. At the time of Cao Pi's birth, Cao Cao was a mid-level officer in the imperial guards in the capital <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, with no hint that he would go on to the great campaigns he eventually carried out after the collapse of the imperial government in 190. Cao Pi was recorded as excellent swordsman as he studied martial arts from Shi E, a gentleman of the household from the "Rapid as Tigers" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">虎賁</span></span>) division of the imperial guards.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the period after 190 when Cao Cao was constantly waging war against other rival warlords, it is not known where Cao Pi and Lady Bian were, or what they did. The lone reference to Cao Pi during this period was in 204. After Cao Cao defeated <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shang" title="Yuan Shang">Yuan Shang</a> then conquered the city of <a href="/wiki/Ye_(ancient_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ye (ancient China)">Ye</a> and massacred his population. The women of the Yuan household were often raped while Cao Pi took <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Xi" title="Yuan Xi">Yuan Xi</a>'s wife<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Zhen" title="Lady Zhen">Lady Zhen</a> as his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession_struggle_with_Cao_Zhi">Succession struggle with Cao Zhi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Succession struggle with Cao Zhi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The next immediate reference to Cao Pi's activities was in 211, when he was appointed General of the Household for All Purposes (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">五官中郎將</span></span>) and Vice <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor (China)">Imperial Chancellor</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">副丞相</span></span>). This position placed him second to his father, who was then Imperial Chancellor (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">丞相</span></span>) and the <i>de facto</i> head of government in China. The eldest of all of Cao Cao's sons, <a href="/wiki/Cao_Ang" title="Cao Ang">Cao Ang</a>, had died early, so Cao Pi was regarded as the eldest among all his father's sons. Besides, Cao Pi's mother had also become Cao Cao's official spouse after Cao Cao's first wife Lady Ding was deposed. Cao Pi thus became the presumptive heir to his father. </p><p>However, Cao Pi's status as heir was not immediately made legal, and for years there were lingering doubts on whom Cao Cao intended to make heir. Cao Cao greatly favoured <a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhi" title="Cao Zhi">Cao Zhi</a> (his third son with Lady Bian), who was known for his literary talents. Both Cao Pi and Cao Zhi were talented poets, but Cao Zhi was more highly regarded as a poet and speaker. By 215, the brothers appeared to be in harmony with each other, but each had his own group of supporters and close associates engaging the other side in clandestine rivalry. Initially, Cao Zhi's party appeared to be prevailing, and in 216 they were successful in falsely accusing two officials supporting Cao Pi – <a href="/wiki/Cui_Yan" title="Cui Yan">Cui Yan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mao_Jie" title="Mao Jie">Mao Jie</a>. Cui Yan was executed, while Mao Jie was deposed. However, the situation shifted after Cao Cao received advice from his strategist <a href="/wiki/Jia_Xu" title="Jia Xu">Jia Xu</a>, who concluded that changing the general rules of succession (<a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>) would be disruptive – using <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shao" title="Yuan Shao">Yuan Shao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liu_Biao" title="Liu Biao">Liu Biao</a> as negative examples. Cao Pi was also fostering his image among the people and created the sense that Cao Zhi was wasteful and lacking actual talent in governance. In November or December 217,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cao Cao, who had received the title of a <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a> king – King of Wei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">魏王</span></span>) – from <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han" title="Emperor Xian of Han">Emperor Xian</a> (whom he still paid nominal allegiance to), finally declared Cao Pi as his heir apparent (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">世子</span></span>). Cao Pi would remain as such until his father's death in March 220. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_King_of_Wei">As King of Wei</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As King of Wei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cao Cao died in the spring of 220 in <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>. Even though Cao Pi had been his father's heir apparent for several years, there was initially some confusion as to what would happen next. The apprehension was particularly heightened when, after Cao Cao's death, the <a href="/wiki/Qing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Province">Qingzhou</a> Corps under the general <a href="/wiki/Zang_Ba" title="Zang Ba">Zang Ba</a> suddenly deserted, leaving Luoyang and returning home. Besides, Cao Pi's younger brother <a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhang" title="Cao Zhang">Cao Zhang</a> (also born to <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Bian" title="Empress Dowager Bian">Lady Bian</a>) had arrived in Luoyang in a hurry, resulting in rumours that he was intending to seize power from his elder brother. Upon hearing these news at Cao Cao's headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Ye_(ancient_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ye (ancient China)">Ye</a>, Cao Pi hastily declared himself the new King of Wei and issued an edict in the name of his mother Queen Dowager Bian, before receiving an official confirmation from <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han" title="Emperor Xian of Han">Emperor Xian</a>, to whom he still nominally paid allegiance. After Cao Pi's self-declaration, neither Cao Zhang nor any other individual took action against him. Cao Pi then ordered his brothers, including Cao Zhang and Cao Zhi, to return to their respective fiefs. With the help of <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Ji" title="Jiang Ji">Jiang Ji</a>, the political situation soon stabilised. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_emperor_of_Cao_Wei">As emperor of Cao Wei</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: As emperor of Cao Wei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succeeding_Emperor_Xian">Succeeding Emperor Xian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Succeeding Emperor Xian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the winter of 220, Cao Pi made his move for the imperial throne, strongly suggesting to <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han" title="Emperor Xian of Han">Emperor Xian</a> that he should yield the throne. Emperor Xian did so, and Cao Pi formally declined three times (a model that would be followed by future usurpers in Chinese history), and then finally accepted on 25 November of that year, establishing the state of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a>. This event marked the official end of the Han dynasty and the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period. The dethroned Emperor Xian was granted the title "Duke of Shanyang" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">山陽公</span></span>). Cao Pi granted posthumous titles of emperors to his grandfather <a href="/wiki/Cao_Song" title="Cao Song">Cao Song</a> and his father <a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a>, while his mother Queen Dowager Bian became <a href="/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager">empress dowager</a>. He also moved the imperial capital from <a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a> to <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_failures_against_Sun_Quan">Military failures against Sun Quan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Military failures against Sun Quan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cao_Pi%27s_invasions_of_Eastern_Wu" title="Cao Pi's invasions of Eastern Wu">Cao Pi's invasions of Eastern Wu</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CaoPiPortrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/CaoPiPortrait.jpg/170px-CaoPiPortrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/CaoPiPortrait.jpg/255px-CaoPiPortrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/CaoPiPortrait.jpg/340px-CaoPiPortrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>A block print of Cao Pi wearing anachronistic clothing.</figcaption></figure> <p>After news of Cao Pi's ascension (and an accompanying false rumour that Cao Pi had executed Emperor Xian) arrived in <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a>'s domain of <a href="/wiki/Yi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi Province">Yi Province</a> (covering present-day <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>), Liu Bei also declared himself emperor in May 221, establishing the state of <a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sun_Quan" title="Sun Quan">Sun Quan</a>, who controlled the vast majority of southeastern and southern China, did not take any affirmative steps one way or another, leaving his options open. </p><p>An armed conflict between Liu Bei and Sun Quan quickly materialised, because in late 219 Sun Quan had sent his general <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Meng" title="Lü Meng">Lü Meng</a> to <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Meng%27s_invasion_of_Jing_Province" title="Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province">invade</a> <a href="/wiki/Jing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing Province">Jing Province</a> and seize the territories from Liu Bei, which resulted in the death of Liu's general <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a>. To avoid having to fight on two fronts, Sun Quan formally paid allegiance to Cao Pi, expressing his willingness to become a <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a> under Wei. Cao Pi's strategist <a href="/wiki/Liu_Ye_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Liu Ye (Three Kingdoms)">Liu Ye</a> suggested rejecting this offer and instead attacking Sun Quan on a second front. This would effectively partition Sun Quan's domain with Shu, and would eventually allow Cao Pi to destroy Shu as well. Cao Pi declined this suggestion, in a fateful choice that most historians believe doomed his empire to ruling only northern and central China; such an opportunity would not come again. Indeed, against Liu Ye's advice, Cao Pi granted Sun Quan the title "King of Wu" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">吳王</span></span>) and the <a href="/wiki/Nine_bestowments" title="Nine bestowments">nine bestowments</a>. </p><p>Sun Quan's submission did not last long. After Sun Quan's forces, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun_(Three_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lu Xun (Three Kingdoms)">Lu Xun</a>, defeated Shu forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xiaoting" title="Battle of Xiaoting">Battle of Xiaoting</a> in 222, Sun Quan began to distance himself from Wei. When Cao Pi demanded that Sun Quan send his heir apparent, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Deng_(Eastern_Wu)" title="Sun Deng (Eastern Wu)">Sun Deng</a>, to Luoyang as a hostage, Sun Quan refused and formally broke ties with Wei. Cao Pi personally led an expedition against Sun Quan, and in response, Sun Quan declared independence from Wei, establishing the state of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a> (but he continued ruling as "King of Wu" and did not declare himself emperor until 229). By this time, having defeated Shu, the Wu forces enjoyed high morale and effective leadership from Sun Quan, Lu Xun and a number of other capable generals. Cao Pi's forces were not able to make significant advances against them despite several large-scale attacks in the next few years. The division of the former Han Empire into three states has become firmly established, particularly after Liu Bei's death in 223. The Shu <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor (China)">chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Liang" title="Zhuge Liang">Zhuge Liang</a>, serving as regent for Liu Bei's son and successor <a href="/wiki/Liu_Shan" title="Liu Shan">Liu Shan</a>, re-established the alliance with Wu, resulting in Wei having to defend itself on two fronts and unable to conquer either. Exasperated, Cao Pi made a famous comment in 225 that "Heaven created the Yangtze River to divide the north and the south."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_matters">Domestic matters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Domestic matters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cao Pi was generally viewed as a competent, but unspectacular, administrator of his empire. He commissioned a number of capable officials to be in charge of various affairs of the empire, employing his father's general guidelines of valuing abilities over heritage. However, he was not open to criticism, and officials who dared to criticise him were often demoted and, on rare occasions, put to death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Treatment_of_princes">Treatment of princes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Treatment of princes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since Cao Pi was still fearful and resentful of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhi" title="Cao Zhi">Cao Zhi</a>, he soon had the latter's fief reduced in size and had a number of his associates executed. <a href="/wiki/Ding_Yi_(Han_dynasty)" title="Ding Yi (Han dynasty)">Ding Yi</a>, who was chief among Cao Zhi's strategists, had his whole clan exterminated as a result of assisting the latter in the past. In summary, under regulations established by Cao Pi, not only were the Wei princes (unlike princes of the Han dynasty) distanced from central politics, they also had minimal authority even in their own principalities and were restricted in many ways, particularly in the use of military force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Treatment_of_officials">Treatment of officials</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Treatment of officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cao Pi was recorded to frequently ridicule his subordinates. For example, <a href="/wiki/Yu_Jin" title="Yu Jin">Yu Jin</a> was captured by Liu Bei's general <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fancheng" title="Battle of Fancheng">Battle of Fancheng</a> in 219, and was later taken back to Wu and detained there after the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Meng%27s_invasion_of_Jing_Province" title="Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province">Wu invasion of Jing Province</a>. Yu Jin was allowed to return to Wei after Wu briefly became a vassal state under Wei in 221. Cao Pi reinstated Yu Jin as General Who Pacifies the Borders (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">安遠將軍</span></span>) and announced that he would send Yu Jin back to Eastern Wu – where he had been imprisoned – as an envoy. However, before Yu Jin's departure, he was instructed to travel to <a href="/wiki/Ye_(ancient_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ye (ancient China)">Ye</a> to pay his respects at Cao Cao's tomb. When Yu Jin arrived, he found that the emperor had commissioned artists to paint, in his father's tomb, scenes of the Battle of Fancheng. These scenes showed Yu Jin begging for his life to be spared and succumbing to the victorious Guan Yu, while his subordinate <a href="/wiki/Pang_De" title="Pang De">Pang De</a> was shown dying an honourable death by resisting the invading forces to his last breath. Upon seeing the vivid mural, Yu Jin was so filled with regret and shame that he fell ill and soon died. Cao Pi further gave the deceased Yu Jin a negative-sounding <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous title</a>, "Marquis Li" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">厲侯</span></span>), for people to remember the latter as the "stony marquis (or vicious marquis)".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wang Zhong, a general who followed Cao Cao for many years, was also a subject of ridicule by Cao Pi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succession_issues_and_death">Succession issues and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Succession issues and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An immediate issue after Cao Pi became emperor in 220 was who the empress would be. <a href="/wiki/Lady_Zhen" title="Lady Zhen">Lady Zhen</a> was his wife. Cao Pi summoned Lady Zhen to Luoyang, but Lady Zhen refused because of her poor health. In August 221, Lady Zhen died and the position of empress went to Guo Nüwang.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guo Nüwang did not bear Cao Pi any children. Cao Rui was the eldest of Cao Pi's sons, but because of his mother's death, he was not instated as the crown prince. Instead, Cao Rui was appointed "Prince of Pingyuan" after his father's ascension to the throne. Cao Pi did not appear to have seriously considered any other son as heir. (It might have been because the other sons were all significantly younger, although their ages were not recorded in history.) In the summer of 226, when Cao Pi was seriously ill, he finally named Cao Rui as his crown prince. On his deathbed, he entrusted Cao Rui to the care of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhen" title="Cao Zhen">Cao Zhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Qun" title="Chen Qun">Chen Qun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sima_Yi" title="Sima Yi">Sima Yi</a>. Following his father's death, Cao Rui ascended the throne at the age of 21. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consorts_and_issue">Consorts and issue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Consorts and issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Zhen" title="Lady Zhen">Empress Wenzhao</a>, of the Zhen clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">文昭皇后甄氏</span></span>; 183–221) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui" title="Cao Rui">Cao Rui</a>, Emperor Ming (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">明皇帝曹叡</span></span>; 204–239), 1st son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Dongxiang" title="Princess Dongxiang">Princess Dongxiang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">東鄉公主</span></span>), 1st daughter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_N%C3%BCwang" title="Guo Nüwang">Empress Wende</a>, of the Guo clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">文德皇后郭氏</span></span>; 184–235)</li> <li><i>Furen</i>, of the Ren clan (夫人任氏)</li> <li><i>Guiren</i>, of the Li clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">貴人李氏</span></span>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cao_Xie" title="Cao Xie">Cao Xie</a>, Prince Ai of Zan</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">贊哀王曹協</span></span>, d. 235)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Shuyuan</i>, of the Pan clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">淑媛潘氏</span></span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui_(Prince_of_Beihai)" title="Cao Rui (Prince of Beihai)">Cao Rui</a>, Prince Wen'an (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">文安王曹蕤</span></span>; d. 233), 3rd son</li></ul></li> <li><i>Shuyuan</i>, of the Zhu clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">淑媛朱氏</span></span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Jian" title="Cao Jian">Cao Jian</a>, Prince Huai of Dongwuyang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">東武陽懷王曹鑑</span></span>; d. 225/226)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Zhaoyi</i>, of the Qiu clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">昭儀仇氏</span></span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Lin_(Prince_of_Donghai)" title="Cao Lin (Prince of Donghai)">Cao Lin</a>, Prince Ding of Donghai (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">東海定王曹霖</span></span>; d. 251)</li></ul></li> <li>Lady, of the Xu clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">徐氏</span></span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Li" title="Cao Li">Cao Li</a>, Prince Liang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">梁王曹禮</span></span>; 208–229)</li></ul></li> <li>Lady, of the Su clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">蘇氏</span></span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Yong_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Cao Yong (Three Kingdoms)">Cao Yong</a>, Prince Luyang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">魯陽王曹邕</span></span>; died 229)</li></ul></li> <li>Lady, of the Zhang clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張氏</span></span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Gong" title="Cao Gong">Cao Gong</a>, Prince Dao of Qinghe (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">清河悼王曹貢</span></span>; d. 223)</li></ul></li> <li>Lady, of the Song clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宋氏</span></span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Yan" title="Cao Yan">Cao Yan</a>, Prince Ai of Guangping (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">廣平哀王曹儼</span></span>; d. 223)</li></ul></li> <li>Lady, of the Xue clan (薛氏), personal name Lingyuan (灵芸)</li> <li>Lady, of the Chen clan (陈氏), personal name Shangyi (尚衣)</li> <li>Lady, of the Li clan (李氏)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lady, of the Duan clan (段氏), personal name Qiaoxiao (巧笑)</li> <li>Lady, of the Li clan (李氏)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Unknown <ul><li><i>Cao Jie</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">曹喈</span></span>), 2nd son</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268078990">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="ahnentafel" style="font-size:88%;margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="24" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="9"> </td><td rowspan="8" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Song" title="Cao Song">Cao Song</a> (d. 193)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a> (155–220)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">Lady Ding</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fcc;">Cao Pi (187–226)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="16" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">Bian Guang</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">Bian Yuan</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">Lady Zhou</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;"><a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Bian" title="Empress Dowager Bian">Empress Wuxuan</a> (161–230)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>How Cao Pi became an emperor is portrayed in "<a href="/wiki/Secret_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Secret of the Three Kingdoms">Secret of the Three Kingdoms</a>". </p><p>Cao Pi appears as a playable character in <a href="/wiki/Koei" title="Koei">Koei</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Dynasty_Warriors" title="Dynasty Warriors">Dynasty Warriors</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Warriors_Orochi" title="Warriors Orochi">Warriors Orochi</a></i> video game series. He also appears in Koei's <i><a href="/wiki/Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms_(video_game_series)" title="Romance of the Three Kingdoms (video game series)">Romance of the Three Kingdoms</a></i> series. </p><p>Yu Bin portrayed Cao Pi in the 2010 Chinese television series <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_(TV_series)" title="Three Kingdoms (TV series)">Three Kingdoms</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei_family_trees" title="Cao Wei family trees">Cao Wei family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms">Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007555-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007555_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007555_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Crespigny2007">de Crespigny (2007)</a>, p. 555.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birth_year-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-birth_year_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-birth_year_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-birth_year_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cao Pi's biography in <i>Sanguozhi</i> mentioned that he was born in the winter (10th to 12th month) of the 4th year of the <i>Zhongping</i> era (184–189) in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ling_of_Han" title="Emperor Ling of Han">Emperor Ling of Han</a>. (中平四年冬，生于譙。) <i>Sanguozhi</i>, vol. 02. The period corresponds to 19 Nov 187 to 14 Feb 188 in the Julian calendar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-death_date-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-death_date_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-death_date_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cao Pi's biography in <i>Sanguozhi</i> mentioned that he died on the <i>dingsi</i> day of the 5th lunar month in the 7th year of the <i>Huangchu</i> era (220–226) in his reign. He was 40 years old (by <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">East Asian age reckoning</a>) at the time of his death. ([黃初七年五月]丁巳，帝崩于嘉福殿，時年四十。) <i>Sanguozhi</i> vol. 02</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny200745-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny200745_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Crespigny2007">de Crespigny (2007)</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007xxxiii-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007xxxiii_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Crespigny2007">de Crespigny (2007)</a>, p. xxxiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://the-scholars.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=23447">曹丕, 典論 Cao Pi, Dianlun; the Gentlemen of the Household Rapid as Tigers [huben zhonglang] were a corps of soldiers who served as the emperor's bodyguards. It is theorised that they were candidates for military appointments, though the phrasing in the <i>Dianlun</i> gives one the impression that they were a permanent fixture.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yuan Xi would only die in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>December 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(初，曹操攻屠鄴城，袁氏婦子多見侵略，而操子丕私納袁熙妻甄氏。) <i>Houhanshu</i> vol. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">10th month of the 22nd year of the <i>Jian'an</i> era, per Cao Cao's biography in <i>Sanguozhi</i>. The month corresponds to 17 Nov to 15 Dec 217 in the Julian calendar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDe_Crespigny" class="citation web cs1">De Crespigny, Rafe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608020555/http://www.anu.edu.au/asianstudies/decrespigny/gos_ch7.pdf">"Online Publications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Asian Studies</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anu.edu.au/asianstudies/decrespigny/gos_ch7.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2015</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Alas. It is truly the will of Heaven which divides the south from the north." And he gave the order to withdraw.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Online+Publications&rft.aulast=De+Crespigny&rft.aufirst=Rafe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anu.edu.au%2Fasianstudies%2Fdecrespigny%2Fgos_ch7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+Pi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(暴慢無親曰厲。殺戮無辜曰厲。) There are two possibilities for someone to be given a posthumous title as "Li": Being Cold-blooded and arrogant, or having innocent people slaughtered. See <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E9%80%B8%E5%91%A8%E6%9B%B8">Lost book of Zhou</a>. Rules on assigning a posthumous name</b></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615044944/http://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E9%80%B8%E5%91%A8%E6%9B%B8">Archived</a> June 15, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This account was found in <i>Wei Shu</i> (Book of Wei) and was not included in the original <i>Sanguozhi</i>. Pei Songzhi added this annotation to Lady Zhen's biography in <i>Sanguozhi</i> and went on to speculate that there were hidden reasons as to why Cao Pi did not make Lady Zhen his empress and killed her later on. Pei also wrote of his skepticism of the truthfulness of the anecdotes between Ladies Bian and Zhen, and approved of Chen Shou not including them when he compiled the original <i>Sanguozhi</i>. (臣松之以为春秋之义，内大恶讳，小恶不书。文帝之不立甄氏，及加杀害，事有明审。魏史若以为大恶邪，则宜隐而不言，若谓为小恶邪，则不应假为之辞，而崇饰虚文乃至于是，异乎所闻于旧史。推此而言，其称卞、甄诸后言行之善，皆难以实论。陈氏删落，良有以也。) Pei Songzhi's annotation in <i>Sanguozhi</i>, vol.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">daughter of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han" title="Emperor Xian of Han">Emperor Xian of Han</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sanguozhi vol</i>.2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_Crespigny2010" class="citation book cs1">De Crespigny, Rafe (18 August 2010). <i>Imperial Warlord: A biography of Cao Cao 155-220 AD</i>. Leiden: Brill. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004188303" title="Special:BookSources/9789004188303"><bdi>9789004188303</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Warlord%3A+A+biography+of+Cao+Cao+155-220+AD&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010-08-18&rft.isbn=9789004188303&rft.aulast=De+Crespigny&rft.aufirst=Rafe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+Pi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sanguozhi</i> vol.5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCutterCrowell1999" class="citation book cs1">Cutter, Robert Joe; Crowell, William Gordon (1999-01-01). <i>Empresses and Consorts: Selections from Chen Shou's Records of the Three States With Pei Songzhi's Commentary</i>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1945-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1945-3"><bdi>978-0-8248-1945-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empresses+and+Consorts%3A+Selections+from+Chen+Shou%27s+Records+of+the+Three+States+With+Pei+Songzhi%27s+Commentary&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-1945-3&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=Robert+Joe&rft.au=Crowell%2C+William+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+Pi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Pi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cao_Pi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cao Pi">Cao Pi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shou" title="Chen Shou">Chen, Shou</a> (3rd century). <i><a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Records of the Three Kingdoms">Records of the Three Kingdoms</a></i> (<i>Sanguozhi</i>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFde_Crespigny2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rafe_de_Crespigny" title="Rafe de Crespigny">de Crespigny, Rafe</a> (2007). <i>A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms 23–220 AD</i>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004156050" title="Special:BookSources/9789004156050"><bdi>9789004156050</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Later+Han+to+the+Three+Kingdoms+23%E2%80%93220+AD&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789004156050&rft.aulast=de+Crespigny&rft.aufirst=Rafe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+Pi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_Songzhi" title="Pei Songzhi">Pei, Songzhi</a> (5th century). <i><a href="/wiki/Annotations_to_Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms">Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms</a></i> (<i>Sanguozhi zhu</i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Guang" title="Sima Guang">Sima, Guang</a> (1084). <i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Emperor Wen of Cao Wei</div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">House of Cao</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 187</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 29 June 226</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Himself</div><i><b>as King of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a> </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Emperor of Cao Wei</a> </b><br />220–226 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui" title="Cao Rui">Cao Rui</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_monarchs" title="List of Chinese monarchs">Chinese royalty</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">King of Wei</a> </b><br />220 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Himself <i>as Emperor of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a></i> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #79DBFF;"><a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">Titles in pretence</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han" title="Emperor Xian of Han">Emperor Xian of Han</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><small><b>— TITULAR —</b></small><br /><i><b> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Emperor of China</a> </b></i><br />220–226<br /><span style="font-size: 90%;">Reason for succession failure:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui" title="Cao Rui">Cao Rui</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Three_Kingdoms_emperors" title="Template:Three Kingdoms emperors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Three_Kingdoms_emperors" title="Template talk:Three Kingdoms emperors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Three_Kingdoms_emperors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Three Kingdoms emperors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Emperors_of_the_Three_Kingdoms1056" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Emperors of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a><small>(posthumously)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cao Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui" title="Cao Rui">Cao Rui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Fang" title="Cao Fang">Cao Fang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Mao" title="Cao Mao">Cao Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Huan" title="Cao Huan">Cao Huan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shan" title="Liu Shan">Liu Shan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Quan" title="Sun Quan">Sun Quan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Liang" title="Sun Liang">Sun Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Xiu" title="Sun Xiu">Sun Xiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Hao" title="Sun Hao">Sun Hao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Xia" title="Template:Kings of Xia">Xia</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Shang" title="Template:Kings of Shang">Shang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Zhou" title="Template:Kings of Zhou">Zhou</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Qin" title="Template:Monarchs of Qin">Qin</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Han_emperors" title="Template:Han emperors">Han</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Kingdoms_emperors" title="Template:Three Kingdoms emperors">3 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Template:Jin emperors (266–420)">Jìn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Sixteen Kingdoms rulers">16 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Southern dynasties emperors">S. Dynasties</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Northern dynasties emperors">N. Dynasties</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Sui_emperors" title="Template:Sui emperors">Sui</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Tang_emperors" title="Template:Tang emperors">Tang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Template:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers">5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Liao_emperors" title="Template:Liao emperors">Liao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Song_emperors" title="Template:Song emperors">Song</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Xia_emperors" title="Template:Western Xia emperors">W. Xia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Template:Jin emperors (1115–1234)">Jīn</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Yuan_emperors" title="Template:Yuan emperors">Yuan</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Ming_emperors" title="Template:Ming emperors">Ming</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Qing_emperors" title="Template:Qing emperors">Qing</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Presidents of the Republic of China">ROC</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Paramount leaders of the People's Republic of China">PRC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prominent_people_of_Cao_Wei189" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_Cao_Wei" title="Template:People of Cao Wei"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People_of_Cao_Wei" title="Template talk:People of Cao Wei"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People_of_Cao_Wei" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People of Cao Wei"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prominent_people_of_Cao_Wei189" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prominent people of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emperors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a> (posthumously)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cao Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui" title="Cao Rui">Cao Rui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Fang" title="Cao Fang">Cao Fang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Mao" title="Cao Mao">Cao Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Huan" title="Cao Huan">Cao Huan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Empresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Bian" title="Empress Dowager Bian">Empress Dowager Bian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Zhen" title="Lady Zhen">Lady Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_N%C3%BCwang" title="Guo Nüwang">Empress Wende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Mingdao" title="Empress Mingdao">Empress Mingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Guo_(Cao_Rui%27s_wife)" title="Empress Guo (Cao Rui's wife)">Empress Mingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Zhen_(Cao_Fang)" title="Empress Zhen (Cao Fang)">Empress Huai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Zhang_(Cao_Fang)" title="Empress Zhang (Cao Fang)">Empress Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Wang_(Cao_Fang)" title="Empress Wang (Cao Fang)">Empress Wang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Bian_(Cao_Mao%27s_wife)" title="Empress Bian (Cao Mao's wife)">Empress Bian (Cao Mao's wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Bian_(Cao_Huan%27s_wife)" title="Empress Bian (Cao Huan's wife)">Empress Bian (Cao Huan's wife)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Princes and male royal figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Biao" title="Cao Biao">Cao Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Gan" title="Cao Gan">Cao Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Gong" title="Cao Gong">Cao Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Gun" title="Cao Gun">Cao Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Hui_(Prince_of_Dongping)" title="Cao Hui (Prince of Dongping)">Cao Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Jian" title="Cao Jian">Cao Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Ju_(Prince_of_Pengcheng)" title="Cao Ju (Prince of Pengcheng)">Cao Ju (Prince of Pengcheng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Jun_(Prince_of_Chenliu)" title="Cao Jun (Prince of Chenliu)">Cao Jun (Prince of Chenliu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Li" title="Cao Li">Cao Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Lin_(Prince_of_Donghai)" title="Cao Lin (Prince of Donghai)">Cao Lin (Prince of Donghai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Lin_(Prince_of_Pei)" title="Cao Lin (Prince of Pei)">Cao Lin (Prince of Pei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Mao_(Prince_of_Laoling)" title="Cao Mao (Prince of Laoling)">Cao Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui_(Prince_of_Beihai)" title="Cao Rui (Prince of Beihai)">Cao Rui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Xie" title="Cao Xie">Cao Xie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Xun" title="Cao Xun">Cao Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Yan" title="Cao Yan">Cao Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Yong_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Cao Yong (Three Kingdoms)">Cao Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Yu_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Cao Yu (Three Kingdoms)">Cao Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhang" title="Cao Zhang">Cao Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhi" title="Cao Zhi">Cao Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhi_(Yungong)" title="Cao Zhi (Yungong)">Cao Zhi (Yungong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Princess and female royal figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Cao_(Han_dynasty)" title="Empress Cao (Han dynasty)">Duquess Cao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Hua" title="Cao Hua">Cao Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Xian_(Cao_Wei)" title="Cao Xian (Cao Wei)">Cao Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Dongxiang" title="Princess Dongxiang">Princess Dongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Jinxiang" title="Princess Jinxiang">Princess Jinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anyang" title="Princess Anyang">Princess Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Man_(Princess_Changle)" title="Liu Man (Princess Changle)">Princess Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Qinghe" title="Princess Qinghe">Princess Qinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Yu_(Cao_Wei)" title="Lady Yu (Cao Wei)">Lady Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Linfen" title="Princess Linfen">Princess Linfen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Shuang" title="Cao Shuang">Cao Shuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Yi" title="Sima Yi">Sima Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Shi" title="Sima Shi">Sima Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhao" title="Sima Zhao">Sima Zhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Jin" title="Emperor Wu of Jin">Sima Yan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao_Xun" title="Bao Xun">Bao Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi_Gui" title="Bi Gui">Bi Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cang_Ci" title="Cang Ci">Cang Ci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang_Lin_(Three_Kingdoms)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chang Lin (Three Kingdoms) (page does not exist)">Chang Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Jiao_(Three_Kingdoms)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Jiao (Three Kingdoms) (page does not exist)">Chen Jiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qun" title="Chen Qun">Chen Qun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cui_Lin" title="Cui Lin">Cui Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Yang" title="Deng Yang">Deng Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Zhao_(Three_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong Zhao (Three Kingdoms)">Dong Zhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Ji" title="Du Ji">Du Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Xi" title="Du Xi">Du Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Jia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fu Jia">Fu Jia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Xuan" title="Fu Xuan">Fu Xuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Xun" title="Fu Xun">Fu Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Rou" title="Gao Rou">Gao Rou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaotang_Long" title="Gaotang Long">Gaotang Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Ning" title="Guan Ning">Guan Ning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Ji" title="Han Ji">Han Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=He_Kui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="He Kui (page does not exist)">He Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Qia" title="He Qia">He Qia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Yan" title="He Yan">He Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu_Zhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hu Zhi (page does not exist)">Hu Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Xin" title="Hua Xin">Hua Xin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huan_Fan" title="Huan Fan">Huan Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huan_Jie" title="Huan Jie">Huan Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Chong" title="Jia Chong">Jia Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Xu" title="Jia Xu">Jia Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Ji" title="Jiang Ji">Jiang Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Dian" title="Li Dian">Li Dian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Feng_(Cao_Wei)" title="Li Feng (Cao Wei)">Li Feng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Sheng_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Li Sheng (Three Kingdoms)">Li Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Xi" title="Liang Xi">Liang Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shao_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Liu Shao (Three Kingdoms)">Liu Shao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Ye_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Liu Ye (Three Kingdoms)">Liu Ye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Yi_(Three_Kingdoms)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Yi (Three Kingdoms) (page does not exist)">Liu Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu_Yu_(Three_Kingdoms)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lu Yu (Three Kingdoms) (page does not exist)">Lu Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pang_Yu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pang Yu">Pang Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pei_Qian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pei Qian (page does not exist)">Pei Qian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_Xiu" title="Pei Xiu">Pei Xiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Fu" title="Sima Fu">Sima Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhi" title="Sima Zhi">Sima Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Ze" title="Su Ze">Su Ze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wang Chen (Three Kingdoms)">Wang Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guan_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wang Guan (Three Kingdoms)">Wang Guan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Lang_(Cao_Wei)" title="Wang Lang (Cao Wei)">Wang Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jing_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wang Jing (Three Kingdoms)">Wang Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Su_(Cao_Wei)" title="Wang Su (Cao Wei)">Wang Su</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiang" title="Wang Xiang">Wang Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ye_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wang Ye (Three Kingdoms)">Wang Ye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wei_Ji_(Boru)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wei Ji (Boru) (page does not exist)">Wei Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wei_Zhen_(Three_Kingdoms)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wei Zhen (Three Kingdoms) (page does not exist)">Wei Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhi" title="Wu Zhi">Wu Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiahou_He" title="Xiahou He">Xiahou He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiahou_Hui" title="Xiahou Hui">Xiahou Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiahou_Wei" title="Xiahou Wei">Xiahou Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiahou_Xuan" title="Xiahou Xuan">Xiahou Xuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_Pi" title="Xin Pi">Xin Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xing_Yong" title="Xing Yong">Xing Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Miao" title="Xu Miao">Xu Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Shu" title="Xu Shu">Xu Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Xuan_(Three_Kingdoms)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu Xuan (Three Kingdoms) (page does not exist)">Xu Xuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_Xu" title="Xun Xu">Xun Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_Yi" title="Xun Yi">Xun Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Fu_(Han_dynasty)" title="Yang Fu (Han dynasty)">Yang Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Jun_(Three_Kingdoms)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Jun (Three Kingdoms) (page does not exist)">Yang Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Huan" title="Yu Huan">Yu Huan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Hua" title="Zhang Hua">Zhang Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ji_(Derong)" title="Zhang Ji (Derong)">Zhang Ji (Derong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ji_(Jingzhong)" title="Zhang Ji (Jingzhong)">Zhang Ji (Jingzhong)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_Hun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zheng Hun (page does not exist)">Zheng Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Yao" title="Zhong Yao">Zhong Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhong_Yu_(Three_Kingdoms)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhong Yu (Three Kingdoms) (page does not exist)">Zhong Yu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Hong" title="Cao Hong">Cao Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Ren" title="Cao Ren">Cao Ren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Xiu" title="Cao Xiu">Cao Xiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhang" title="Cao Zhang">Cao Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhen" title="Cao Zhen">Cao Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Tai" title="Chen Tai">Chen Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Ai" title="Deng Ai">Deng Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Yu" title="Du Yu">Du Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_Yao" title="Fei Yao">Fei Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongsun_Yuan" title="Gongsun Yuan">Gongsun Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanqiu_Jian" title="Guanqiu Jian">Guanqiu Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Huai" title="Guo Huai">Guo Huai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hao_Zhao" title="Hao Zhao">Hao Zhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Quan_(general)" title="Huang Quan (general)">Huang Quan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Kui_(general)" title="Jia Kui (general)">Jia Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Jing_(Three_Kingdoms)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Jing (Three Kingdoms) (page does not exist)">Liu Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%BC_Qian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lü Qian (page does not exist)">Lü Qian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Chong" title="Man Chong">Man Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Da" title="Meng Da">Meng Da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niu_Jin" title="Niu Jin">Niu Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pang_De" title="Pang De">Pang De</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Hong_(Jin_dynasty)" title="Qian Hong (Jin dynasty)">Qian Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qian_Zhao_(Cao_Wei)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qian Zhao (Cao Wei) (page does not exist)">Qian Zhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Lang" title="Qin Lang">Qin Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Wang" title="Sima Wang">Sima Wang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhou" title="Sima Zhou">Sima Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Li_(general)" title="Sun Li (general)">Sun Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Zi" title="Tang Zi">Tang Zi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Xu" title="Tian Xu">Tian Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Yu" title="Tian Yu">Tian Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chang_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wang Chang (Three Kingdoms)">Wang Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hun_(general)" title="Wang Hun (general)">Wang Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ji_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wang Ji (Three Kingdoms)">Wang Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jun_(Jin_dynasty)" title="Wang Jun (Jin dynasty)">Wang Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ling_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wang Ling (Three Kingdoms)">Wang Ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shuang_(Cao_Wei)" title="Wang Shuang (Cao Wei)">Wang Shuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhong_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wang Zhong (Three Kingdoms)">Wang Zhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guan" title="Wei Guan">Wei Guan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Ping" title="Wen Ping">Wen Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Qin" title="Wen Qin">Wen Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Yang_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Wen Yang (Three Kingdoms)">Wen Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guan" title="Wei Guan">Wei Guan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiahou_Ba" title="Xiahou Ba">Xiahou Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiahou_Dun" title="Xiahou Dun">Xiahou Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiahou_Mao" title="Xiahou Mao">Xiahou Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiahou_Shang" title="Xiahou Shang">Xiahou Shang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Chu" title="Xu Chu">Xu Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Huang" title="Xu Huang">Xu Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Zhi" title="Xu Zhi">Xu Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Hu" title="Yang Hu">Yang Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Qiu_(warlord)" title="Yang Qiu (warlord)">Yang Qiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yin_Li_(Cao_Wei)" title="Yin Li (Cao Wei)">Yin Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Jin" title="Yu Jin">Yu Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Jin" title="Yue Jin">Yue Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zang_Ba" title="Zang Ba">Zang Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_He" title="Zhang He">Zhang He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Liao" title="Zhang Liao">Zhang Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Te" title="Zhang Te">Zhang Te</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Yan_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Zhao Yan (Three Kingdoms)">Zhao Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Hui" title="Zhong Hui">Zhong Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Tai_(Cao_Wei)" title="Zhou Tai (Cao Wei)">Zhou Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Ling_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Zhu Ling (Three Kingdoms)">Zhu Ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Dan" title="Zhuge Dan">Zhuge Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Xu" title="Zhuge Xu">Zhuge Xu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Yan" title="Cai Yan">Cai Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Cui_(Cao_Wei)" title="Lady Cui (Cao Wei)">Cuishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Huai_(wife_of_Jia_Chong)" title="Guo Huai (wife of Jia Chong)">Guo Huai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pang_E" title="Pang E">Pang E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(wife_of_Zhao_Ang)" title="Wang Yi (wife of Zhao Ang)">Wang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yuanji" title="Wang Yuanji">Wang Yuanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiahou_Hui_(Sima_Shi%27s_wife)" title="Xiahou Hui (Sima Shi's wife)">Xiahou Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_Xianying" title="Xin Xianying">Xin Xianying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Huiyu" title="Yang Huiyu">Yang Huiyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiahou_Lingn%C3%BC" title="Xiahou Lingnü">Xiahou Lingnü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunhua" title="Zhang Chunhua">Zhang Chunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Changpu" title="Zhang Changpu">Zhang Changpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Changshan" title="Princess Changshan">Princess Changshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yan_(empress)" title="Yang Yan (empress)">Yang Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Huacun" title="Wei Huacun">Wei Huacun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_Cai" title="Xun Cai">Xun Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Yi_(Western_Jin)" title="Xu Yi (Western Jin)">Xu Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budugen" title="Budugen">Budugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Kui" title="Du Kui">Du Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Lu" title="Guan Lu">Guan Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangfu_Mi" title="Huangfu Mi">Huangfu Mi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huchuquan" title="Huchuquan">Huchuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bao" title="Liu Bao">Liu Bao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebineng" title="Kebineng">Kebineng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Hui" title="Liu Hui">Liu Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Jun_(mechanical_engineer)" title="Ma Jun (mechanical engineer)">Ma Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_the_Bamboo_Grove" title="Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove">Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Bi" title="Wang Bi">Wang Bi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_Can" title="Xun Can">Xun Can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_Xiu" title="Pei Xiu">Pei Xiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Xuan_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Zhou Xuan (Three Kingdoms)">Zhou Xuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Jianping" title="Zhu Jianping">Zhu Jianping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313333#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1665" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313333#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1665" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313333#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000084112800">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/114087383">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/116997/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbxGwGYMfhgwqXtK43G73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119012901">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83161505">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00684575">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36621483">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074124420">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000456713&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201111964">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007269014305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-06-13T05:17:55Z","dateModified":"2025-02-28T11:00:03Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/78\/Cao_Pi_Tang.jpg","headline":"Cao Wei Emperror (187-226)"}</script> </body> </html>