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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class=" story nytapp-vi-article " xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title data-rh="true">Book Review: ‘The Revolutionary,’ by Stacy Schiff - The New York Times</title> <meta data-rh="true" name="robots" content="noarchive, max-image-preview:large"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="In “The Revolutionary,” Stacy Schiff presents an enthralling portrait of Samuel Adams, who, perhaps more than any other of America’s founders, set the country on its course toward independence."/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/22/books/review/the-revolutionary-samuel-adams-stacy-schiff.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:title" content="The Rabble-Rouser Who ‘Wired a Continent for Rebellion’ (Published 2022)"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:description" content="In “The Revolutionary,” Stacy Schiff presents an enthralling portrait of Samuel Adams, who, perhaps more than any other of America’s founders, set the country on its course toward independence."/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/11/13/books/review/25greenberg1/25greenberg1-videoSixteenByNine3000.jpg?year=2022&h=1688&w=3000&s=7e73cee67751deebf3dca03cc6fa65d4b2743665484c43594919faef44c99ead&k=ZQJBKqZ0VN&tw=1"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image:alt" content="As Stacy Schiff shows in her new biography, there is much to admire about Samuel Adams: He was utterly incorruptible; 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srcSet="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/11/13/books/review/25greenberg1/25greenberg1-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale&width=1200"/><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)" srcSet="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/11/13/books/review/25greenberg1/25greenberg1-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale&width=600"/><img alt="" class="css-rq4mmj" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/11/13/books/review/25greenberg1/25greenberg1-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" srcSet="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/11/13/books/review/25greenberg1/25greenberg1-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp 600w,https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/11/13/books/review/25greenberg1/25greenberg1-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp 837w,https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/11/13/books/review/25greenberg1/25greenberg1-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp 1674w" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 80vw, 100vw" decoding="async" width="600" height="734"/></picture></div><figcaption data-testid="photoviewer-children-ImageCaption" class="css-ktho12 e3rygrp0"><span class="css-jevhma e13ogyst0">As Stacy Schiff shows in her new biography, there is much to admire about Samuel Adams: He was utterly incorruptible; he cared nothing for personal gain; he was deeply idealistic, had great personal equanimity and was a gifted orator.</span><span class="css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Credit...</span><span><span aria-hidden="false">Library of Congress</span></span></span></figcaption></figure></div><div class="css-103l8m3"><div class="css-1e2jphy epjyd6m1"><div class="css-233int epjyd6m0"><p class="css-4anu6l e1jsehar1"><span class="byline-prefix">By </span><span class="css-1baulvz last-byline" itemProp="name">Amy S. Greenberg</span></p></div></div></div><div class="css-3xqm5e"><time class="css-1g7pp1u e16638kd0" dateTime="2022-10-22T05:00:14-04:00">Oct. 22, 2022</time></div></header><div class="css-3xipl4"><div class="css-v9e4ip"><div class="css-79elbk"><button class="css-80zux2" type="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Buy Book<span aria-hidden="true"> ▾</span></button><ul class="css-8dud8s" aria-label="Links to Book Retailers" hidden=""><li><a class="css-114t425" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0316441112?tag=thenewyorktim-20" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Amazon</a></li><li><a class="css-114t425" href="https://books.apple.com/us/book/the-revolutionary-samuel-adams/id1613116789?at=10lIEQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Apple Books</a></li><li><a class="css-114t425" href="https://www.anrdoezrs.net/click-7990613-11819508?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barnesandnoble.com%2Fw%2Fthe-revolutionary-stacy-schiff%2F1141047383%3Fean%3D9780316441117" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Barnes and Noble</a></li><li><a class="css-114t425" href="https://www.anrdoezrs.net/click-7990613-35140?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.booksamillion.com%2Fp%2FRevolutionary%2FStacy-Schiff%2F9780316441117" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Books-A-Million</a></li><li><a class="css-114t425" href="https://bookshop.org/a/3546/9780316441117" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Bookshop.org</a></li></ul></div><p class="css-c57ple">When you purchase an independently reviewed book through our site, we earn an affiliate commission.</p></div></div><section name="articleBody" class="meteredContent css-1r7ky0e"><div class="css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn" data-testid="companionColumn-0"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-798hid etfikam0"><strong class="css-8qgvsz ebyp5n10">THE REVOLUTIONARY: Samuel Adams</strong>, by Stacy Schiff.</p><hr class="css-7ad88g e1mu4ftr0"/><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">What do you call an anti-tax ideologue who spreads false accounts of rape and child murder via the mass media with the explicit goal of bringing down legitimately constituted government?</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">If the man is Samuel Adams, you call him a founder.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">In the mid-1770s, the worst thing a British official could say of a man was that he was “brought up at the feet of Samuel Adams.” The prime mover in the transformation of colonists from loyal to rebellious in little more than a decade, the Boston-born Adams calculated what would be required to overturn an empire and made it happen by radicalizing the public with boycotts, a news service, street theater and character assassination. One of the earliest champions of American liberty, he was honored at the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia as the hero of independence. He was the first to refer to the deaths of five people at the hands of British soldiers in a 1770 Boston riot as a “horrid massacre”; and then spent a year embellishing the incident in print, relitigating it and turning it into a memorial event, complete with annual addresses. He imagined an underground patriot espionage network and, under the innocuous-sounding name “the committees of correspondence,” made it a reality. Although his rhetoric sparked riots and placed colonial officials in mortal danger, his prodigious powers of obfuscation repeatedly protected him from prosecution. Paul Revere also deserves credit: When he took his midnight ride it was to warn Adams that he was about to be arrested for treason. According to Thomas Jefferson, Adams was “truly the man of the Revolution.”</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">But unless you care more about beer than history, Samuel (never Sam) Adams probably isn’t the first name that comes to mind when you think of the nation’s founders. There’s good reason for that. Ambivalence about Adams’s “dirty tricks” set in almost as soon as British troops sailed home. Among other things, Adams helped create the first syndicated news service, the Journal of Occurrences, which circulated manufactured propaganda around the Colonies, including “lurid tales of girls pummeled after rejecting beastly advances” by Redcoats.</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div data-testid="Dropzone-1"></div><div class="css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn" data-testid="companionColumn-1"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">The last thing supporters of the new American government intended to commemorate was extralegal opposition to authority. It was much safer to lionize George Washington and the drafters of the Constitution than the man known to the Loyalist governor of Massachusetts as the “Machiavelli of chaos.” The elevation of the Fourth of July, which memorialized the signing of the Declaration of Independence, erased rebellion, and Adams’s “rough-and-tumble tactics,” from the history of the Revolution. It didn’t help that he worked by stealth, wrote under pseudonyms, left behind almost no papers and refused to write a memoir. His first biography was written by his great-grandson and didn’t appear until 1865. There was no statue in his honor until the Revolution’s centennial.</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div data-testid="ImageBlock-3"><div data-testid="imageblock-wrapper"><figure class="img-sz-medium css-1hs5yzu e1g7ppur0" aria-label="media" role="group"><div class="css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0" data-testid="photoviewer-children-figure"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Image</span><div class="css-nwd8t8" data-testid="lazy-image"><div data-testid="lazyimage-container" style="height:518.7777777777778px"></div></div></div><figcaption data-testid="photoviewer-children-caption" class="css-gbc9ki ewdxa0s0"></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn" data-testid="companionColumn-2"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">In her new book, “The Revolutionary,” Stacy Schiff redresses this oversight by celebrating the man who “wired a continent for rebellion.” There is a lot to admire about this rabble-rouser. He was utterly incorruptible; colonial authorities tried to buy him off with public office (“the time-honored method”), but Adams could be neither bribed nor intimidated. He cared nothing for personal gain, and, in his own words, gloried “in being what the world calls a poor man.” He was deeply idealistic, had great personal equanimity and was a gifted orator. He promoted public education for women long before it was fashionable. He was a tender father to his two children and, although his financial mismanagement forced his wife into manual labor while he was at the Second Continental Congress, he was also a loving husband. Readers are reminded more than once that Adams abhorred slavery, and when offered the gift of an enslaved woman, he insisted that she be freed before joining his household. Schiff paints a vivid portrait of a demagogue who was also a decorous man of ideals, acknowledging Adams’s innovative, extralegal activities as well as his personal virtues.</p><div class="css-1336jj"><div class="css-121kum4"><div class="css-171d1bw"></div><div class="css-asuuk5"><noscript><div class="css-7axq9l" data-testid="optimistic-truncator-noscript"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="css-1b5b8u1"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 1 1 19 0 9.5 9.5 0 0 1-19 0Zm8.5 1.75v-7.5h2v7.5h-2Zm0 2v2h2v-2h-2Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><div data-testid="optimistic-truncator-noscript-message" class="css-6yo1no"><p class="css-3kpklk">We are having trouble retrieving the article content.</p><p class="css-3kpklk">Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.</p></div></div></noscript><div class="css-1dv1kvn" id="optimistic-truncator-a11y" tabindex="-1"><hr/><p>Thank you for your patience while we verify access. 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One of the earliest champions of American liberty, he was honored at the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia as the hero of independence. He was the first to refer to the deaths of five people at the hands of British soldiers in a 1770 Boston riot as a “horrid massacre”; and then spent a year embellishing the incident in print, relitigating it and turning it into a memorial event, complete with annual addresses. He imagined an underground patriot espionage network and, under the innocuous-sounding name “the committees of correspondence,” made it a reality. Although his rhetoric sparked riots and placed colonial officials in mortal danger, his prodigious powers of obfuscation repeatedly protected him from prosecution. Paul Revere also deserves credit: When he took his midnight ride it was to warn Adams that he was about to be arrested for treason. According to Thomas Jefferson, Adams was “truly the man of the Revolution.”"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":1},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"But unless you care more about beer than history, Samuel (never Sam) Adams probably isn’t the first name that comes to mind when you think of the nation’s founders. There’s good reason for that. Ambivalence about Adams’s “dirty tricks” set in almost as soon as British troops sailed home. Among other things, Adams helped create the first syndicated news service, the Journal of Occurrences, which circulated manufactured propaganda around the Colonies, including “lurid tales of girls pummeled after rejecting beastly advances” by Redcoats."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":2},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The last thing supporters of the new American government intended to commemorate was extralegal opposition to authority. It was much safer to lionize George Washington and the drafters of the Constitution than the man known to the Loyalist governor of Massachusetts as the “Machiavelli of chaos.” The elevation of the Fourth of July, which memorialized the signing of the Declaration of Independence, erased rebellion, and Adams’s “rough-and-tumble tactics,” from the history of the Revolution. It didn’t help that he worked by stealth, wrote under pseudonyms, left behind almost no papers and refused to write a memoir. His first biography was written by his great-grandson and didn’t appear until 1865. There was no statue in his honor until the Revolution’s centennial."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":true,"index":3},{"__typename":"ImageBlock","media":{"__typename":"Image","altText":"","caption":{"__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock","content":[],"text":""},"credit":"","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":805,"name":"articleLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F10\u002F25\u002Fbooks\u002F25schiff-cover\u002F25schiff-cover-articleLarge.jpg","width":600},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":500,"name":"popup","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F10\u002F25\u002Fbooks\u002F25schiff-cover\u002F25schiff-cover-popup.jpg","width":373},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1024,"name":"jumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F10\u002F25\u002Fbooks\u002F25schiff-cover\u002F25schiff-cover-jumbo.jpg","width":764},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1380,"name":"superJumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F10\u002F25\u002Fbooks\u002F25schiff-cover\u002F25schiff-cover-superJumbo.jpg","width":1029}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F10\u002F25\u002Fbooks\u002F25schiff-cover\u002F25schiff-cover-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":127,"name":"articleInline","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F10\u002F25\u002Fbooks\u002F25schiff-cover\u002F25schiff-cover-articleInline.jpg","width":190}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1380,"name":"mobileMasterAt3x","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F10\u002F25\u002Fbooks\u002F25schiff-cover\u002F25schiff-cover-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg","width":1029}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNmI5ZjQ0MmYtYzY1NS01NDdjLWJjMTUtYmNmMDliMGUwNTU3","imageType":"photo","legacyHtmlCaption":"","timesTags":[],"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fimage\u002F6b9f442f-c655-547c-bc15-bcf09b0e0557","url":"\u002Fimagepages\u002F2022\u002F10\u002F22\u002Fbooks\u002F25schiff-cover.html"},"size":"MEDIUM"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":true,"index":4},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"In her new book, “The Revolutionary,” Stacy Schiff redresses this oversight by celebrating the man who “wired a continent for rebellion.” There is a lot to admire about this rabble-rouser. He was utterly incorruptible; colonial authorities tried to buy him off with public office (“the time-honored method”), but Adams could be neither bribed nor intimidated. He cared nothing for personal gain, and, in his own words, gloried “in being what the world calls a poor man.” He was deeply idealistic, had great personal equanimity and was a gifted orator. He promoted public education for women long before it was fashionable. He was a tender father to his two children and, although his financial mismanagement forced his wife into manual labor while he was at the Second Continental Congress, he was also a loving husband. Readers are reminded more than once that Adams abhorred slavery, and when offered the gift of an enslaved woman, he insisted that she be freed before joining his household. Schiff paints a vivid portrait of a demagogue who was also a decorous man of ideals, acknowledging Adams’s innovative, extralegal activities as well as his personal virtues."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":5},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Any book from the Pulitzer Prize-winning Schiff is reason for excitement. Her previous subjects, including Véra Nabokov, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry and Cleopatra, have established her as one of the most talented and creative biographers at work today. Readers interested in the American Revolution or the ability of individuals to destabilize political institutions will find her new book rewarding. This brisk narrative of the outsize role that Adams played in colonial Massachusetts during the “messy, anarchic, provocative years” before the Revolution places the reader at the center of the action, while dramatic events, including the Boston Massacre and Tea Party, unfold anew in the light of Adams’s involvement."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":6},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Schiff writes beautifully and lyrical passages provide a great deal of reading pleasure. We learn that the fall of 1774 was so warm “you could write at an open window through the end of October,” and she describes British troops marching on Lexington as forming a “gleaming quarter-mile ribbon of red coats, snow-white linen flashing … moving through the pale morning light, in perfect order, at an impressively brisk pace.” “The Revolutionary” is also filled with fun facts: In the colonial era, class rank at Harvard was determined not by a student’s intellectual prowess but by his father’s social status. Malt makers kept pigs that were fed on spent grain. The number of shillings in a dollar varied by colony. Supporters of the boycott against the East India Company spread rumors that its tea was infested with plague, carried smallpox and bred a flea-like insect."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":7},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Samuel Adams lived 81 years; “The Revolutionary” is primarily concerned with 15 of them, starting in 1764 when Adams was 41. There is less here about his early life, his family or his post-revolutionary career, which found Adams arguing in favor of annexing Canada and Spanish Florida, supporting a ban on theaters in Boston as part of a futile struggle to maintain the virtuous citizenry he believed essential to the success of the new Republic, and, finally, serving as a largely ineffectual governor of Massachusetts. Because Adams left behind so few papers, Schiff largely relies on the views of his peers. Most of what we learn about him comes from two men: his nemesis, the Loyalist Massachusetts governor Thomas Hutchinson, and an adoring younger second cousin, the future president John Adams. John described his cousin as a man of “refined policy, steadfast integrity, exquisite humanity, genteel erudition, obliging, engaging manners, real as well as professed piety and a universal good character.” Hutchinson doubted that there was, in the English-speaking world, a “man of greater malignity of heart,” or one “who less scruples any measures, ever so criminal, to accomplish his purposes.” What the two commentators shared was a generous respect for Adams’s powers. They saw, as Schiff also does, Adams’s hand in virtually every anti-British action in Massachusetts."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":8},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"It has yet to be settled whether Adams was quite so omnipotent. More than 50 years ago, Richard D. Brown argued that the towns around Boston functioned too independently to enable a Bostonian to manipulate events outside the city limits. During the bicentennial celebration, Pauline Maier suggested it was time to jettison the “myth” of Samuel Adams as a propagandist who “manufactured the Revolution by techniques of mass manipulation.” Readers of “The Revolutionary” will likely find themselves agreeing with John Adams, who said, “Without the character of Samuel Adams the true history of the American Revolution can never be written.”"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":9},{"__typename":"RuleBlock","type":null},{"__typename":"DetailBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":"Amy S. Greenberg is the George Winfree professor of history at Penn State University and author of five books, most recently “Lady First: The World of First Lady Sarah Polk.”"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":10},{"__typename":"RuleBlock","type":null},{"__typename":"DetailBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat","type":null}],"text":"THE REVOLUTIONARY: Samuel Adams "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"| By Stacy Schiff | Illustrated | 422 pp. | Little, Brown & Company | $35"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"}]},"storyFormat":null,"storylines":[{"__typename":"AssociatedStoryline","ruleName":"styln-books-general","storyline":{"__typename":"Storyline","context":null,"displayName":"What to Read","experimentalJsonBlob":"{\"data\":[{\"version\":1,\"type\":\"experimentalJsonBlob\",\"data\":[{\"version\":1,\"type\":\"lede\",\"data\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"value\":\"From the best books to the latest from the literary world: Peruse the Books section of The Times.\"}]},{\"version\":1,\"type\":\"guide\",\"data\":{\"title\":\"Explore More in Books\",\"leadIn\":\"Want to know about the best books to read and the latest news? 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