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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="سابور الرابع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سابور الرابع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="دؤردونجو شاپور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دؤردونجو شاپور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_4-s%C3%A8" title="Shapur 4-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Shapur 4-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapuh_d%27Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Shapuh d'Armènia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shapuh d'Armènia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapor_IV" title="Sapor IV – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sapor IV" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85" title="شاپور چهارم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاپور چهارم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapour_de_Perse" title="Chapour de Perse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chapour de Perse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Շապուհ Պարսիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շապուհ Պարսիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapore_IV" title="Sapore IV – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sapore IV" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%B0_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="შაპუჰ სპარსელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შაპუჰ სპარსელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="سابور الرابع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سابور الرابع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB4%E4%B8%96" title="シャープール4世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャープール4世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapor_IV" title="Sapor IV – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sapor IV" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Шапур (царь Армении) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шапур (царь Армении)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0apur_IV." title="Šapur IV. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šapur IV." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="IV Шапур – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="IV Шапур" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV._%C5%9E%C3%A2p%C3%BBr" title="IV. Şâpûr – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IV. Şâpûr" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80_IV" title="Шапур IV – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шапур IV" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%86%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85" title="شاپور چہارم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شاپور چہارم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="沙普爾四世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沙普爾四世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1985912#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_IV" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of Kings of Iran and Aniran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Shapur IV<br /><span title="Middle Persian-language text"><span lang="pal" dir="rtl">𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings_of_Iran_and_non-Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran">King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Drachm_of_Shapur_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Drachm_of_Shapur_IV.jpg/220px-Drachm_of_Shapur_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Drachm_of_Shapur_IV.jpg/330px-Drachm_of_Shapur_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Drachm_of_Shapur_IV.jpg/440px-Drachm_of_Shapur_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1147" data-file-height="1087" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Drachm of Shapur IV minted during the reign of his father <a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_I" title="Yazdegerd I">Yazdegerd I</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Armenian_kings#Arshakuni_(Arsacid)_Kings_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Armenian kings">King of Armenia</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">415-420</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vramshapuh" title="Vramshapuh">Vramshapuh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Artaxias_IV" title="Artaxias IV">Artaxias IV</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shahanshah</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">420</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_I" title="Yazdegerd I">Yazdegerd I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khosrau_the_Usurper" class="mw-redirect" title="Khosrau the Usurper">Khosrau the Usurper</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">420<br /><a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sasan" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Sasan">House of Sasan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_I" title="Yazdegerd I">Yazdegerd I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shushandukht" title="Shushandukht">Shushandukht</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shapur IV</b> (<a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Persian language">Middle Persian</a>: <span lang="pal" dir="rtl">𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩</span> <i>Šāhpuhr</i>), was king of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Armenia">Sasanian Armenia</a> from 415 to 420, who briefly ruled the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> in 420. The only witnesses to this brief reign are the 5th century Armenian historians <a href="/wiki/Ghazar_Parpetsi" title="Ghazar Parpetsi">Łazar Pʿarpecʿi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Movses_Khorenatsi" title="Movses Khorenatsi">Movses Khorenatsʿi</a>, and the Mandaean <i><a href="/wiki/Right_Ginza#Book_18" title="Right Ginza">Book of Kings</a></i>, in which he appears as "King Shābur, son of Yazdiger."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shapur_IV&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shapur IV was the son of <a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_I" title="Yazdegerd I">Yazdegerd I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shushandukht" title="Shushandukht">Shushandukht</a>, and had two brothers named <a href="/wiki/Bahram_V" title="Bahram V">Bahram V</a> and Narse. At the death of the Arsacid Armenian king <a href="/wiki/Khosrov_IV_of_Armenia" title="Khosrov IV of Armenia">Khosrov IV</a>, Yazdegerd I decided to give the royal crown of Armenia to his eldest son Shapur IV, instead of giving it to Khosrov's nephew, <a href="/wiki/Artaxias_IV" title="Artaxias IV">Artaxias IV</a>. During Shapur's reign in Armenia, he concentrated on reconciliation and established friendly relations with the nobles. He made every effort to convert the Christian Armenians to <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, but was largely unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-raw82p278_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raw82p278-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 420, Yazdegerd I was murdered by the Sasanian nobles at <a href="/wiki/Hyrcania" title="Hyrcania">Hyrcania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-n77_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n77-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which made Shapur quickly leave Armenia and arrive at <a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a> to claim the Sasanian throne. However, he only managed to reign during a short time, until he was murdered by the nobles and the clergy, who sought to expel all the sons of Yazdegerd I.<sup id="cite_ref-iranicaonline.org_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iranicaonline.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the murder of Shapur, the nobles elected another Sasanian prince, <a href="/wiki/Khosrau_the_Usurper" class="mw-redirect" title="Khosrau the Usurper">Khosrau</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Bahram_IV" title="Bahram IV">Bahram IV</a>, as king of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coinage">Coinage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shapur_IV&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Coinage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The coin minted by Shapur IV is different from the common Sasanian coins. The image of the Sassanid emperor is usually included on the front of the coin, but on the reverse side of the coin, instead of the fire altar and its two attendantss, the image of Shapur IV with an unusual hat decorated with two ram's horns can be seen. On the margin of the coin, next to the image of Shapur, there are inscriptions in <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi script</a>, which translate as follows: "šhpwhry zy lba 'lmn'n mlk" which can be translated: Shahpur the great king of the Armenians.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mintage date of the coin is also unknown, but it is clear from the evidence that it was minted between 414 and 420 AD. In this coin, there is no sign of Zoroastrian ritual elements (the fire and its attendants). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shapur_IV&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also spelled "King of Kings of Iranians and non-Iranians".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shapur_IV&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHäberl2022" class="citation book cs1">Häberl, Charles (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/epdf/10.3828/9781800856271"><i>The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World</i></a>. Liverpool: Liverpool. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781837642595" title="Special:BookSources/9781837642595"><bdi>9781837642595</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Kings+and+the+Explanations+of+This+World&rft.place=Liverpool&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Liverpool&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781837642595&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4berl&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliverpooluniversitypress.co.uk%2Fdoi%2Fepdf%2F10.3828%2F9781800856271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShapur+IV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-raw82p278-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-raw82p278_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#rawlinson1882">Rawlinson 1882</a>, p.278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n77-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n77_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#noldeke">Nöldeke, p. 77 and 78</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iranicaonline.org-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iranicaonline.org_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahram-the-name-of-six-sasanian-kings#pt5"><i>Bahrām V Gōr</i>, O. Klíma, <b>Encyclopaedia Iranica</b></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2258206&AucID=5469&Lot=416&Val=70012f1f73c5e695ea4bd002d45a46aa">"CoinArchives.com Lot Viewer"</a>. <i>www.coinarchives.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.coinarchives.com&rft.atitle=CoinArchives.com+Lot+Viewer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coinarchives.com%2Fa%2Flotviewer.php%3FLotID%3D2258206%26AucID%3D5469%26Lot%3D416%26Val%3D70012f1f73c5e695ea4bd002d45a46aa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShapur+IV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shapur_IV&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHäberl2022" class="citation book cs1">Häberl, Charles (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/epdf/10.3828/9781800856271"><i>The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World</i></a>. Liverpool: Liverpool. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781837642595" title="Special:BookSources/9781837642595"><bdi>9781837642595</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Kings+and+the+Explanations+of+This+World&rft.place=Liverpool&rft.pub=Liverpool&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781837642595&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4berl&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliverpooluniversitypress.co.uk%2Fdoi%2Fepdf%2F10.3828%2F9781800856271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShapur+IV" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPourshariati2008" class="citation book cs1">Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I-xtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran</i></a>. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-645-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-645-3"><bdi>978-1-84511-645-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decline+and+Fall+of+the+Sasanian+Empire%3A+The+Sasanian-Parthian+Confederacy+and+the+Arab+Conquest+of+Iran&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-645-3&rft.aulast=Pourshariati&rft.aufirst=Parvaneh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI-xtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShapur+IV" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Shapur IV </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sassanid dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 420</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_I" title="Yazdegerd I">Yazdegerd I</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings_of_Iran_and_non-Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran">King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran</a> </b><br />420 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Khosrau_the_Usurper" class="mw-redirect" title="Khosrau the Usurper">Khosrau the Usurper</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arsacid_dynasty_of_Armenia" title="Template:Arsacid dynasty of Armenia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arsacid_dynasty_of_Armenia" title="Template talk:Arsacid dynasty of Armenia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arsacid_dynasty_of_Armenia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arsacid dynasty of Armenia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arsacid_kings_of_Armenia_(66–428)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Armenia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Armenia">Arsacid kings of Armenia</a> (66–428)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiridates_I_of_Armenia" title="Tiridates I of Armenia">Tiridates I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigranes_VI_of_Armenia" title="Tigranes VI of Armenia">Tigranes VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiridates_I_of_Armenia" title="Tiridates I of Armenia">Tiridates I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanatruk" title="Sanatruk">Sanatruces (Sanatruk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axidares_of_Armenia" title="Axidares of Armenia">Axidares (Ashkhadar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthamasiris_of_Armenia" title="Parthamasiris of Armenia">Parthamasiris (Partamasir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Armenia" title="Roman Armenia">Roman province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_I_of_Armenia" title="Vologases I of Armenia">Vologases I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohaemus_of_Armenia" title="Sohaemus of Armenia">Sohaemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacorus_of_Armenia" title="Pacorus of Armenia">Bakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohaemus_of_Armenia" title="Sohaemus of Armenia">Sohaemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_V" title="Vologases V">Vologases II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosrov_I_of_Armenia" title="Khosrov I of Armenia">Khosrov I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiridates_II_of_Armenia" title="Tiridates II of Armenia">Tiridates II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosrov_II_of_Armenia" title="Khosrov II of Armenia">Khosrov II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I" title="Hormizd I">Hormizd I</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian kingship</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narseh" title="Narseh">Narseh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian kingship</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiridates_III_of_Armenia" title="Tiridates III of Armenia">Tiridates III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosrov_III_the_Small" title="Khosrov III the Small">Khosrov III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiran_of_Armenia" title="Tiran of Armenia">Tigranes VII (Tiran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshak_II" title="Arshak II">Arsaces II (Arshak II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian kingship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pap_of_Armenia" title="Pap of Armenia">Papas (Pap)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varazdat" title="Varazdat">Varasdates (Varazdat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshak_III" title="Arshak III">Arsaces III (Arshak III)</a> with <a href="/wiki/Vologases_of_Armenia" title="Vologases of Armenia">Vologases III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosrov_IV_of_Armenia" title="Khosrov IV of Armenia">Khosrov IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vramshapuh" title="Vramshapuh">Vramshapuh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shapur IV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian kingship</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxias_IV" title="Artaxias IV">Artaxias IV (Artashir IV)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rulers_of_the_Sasanian_Empire_(224–651)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Template:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Template talk:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rulers_of_the_Sasanian_Empire_(224–651)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Sasanian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of the Sasanian Empire">Rulers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> <small>(224–651)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a> <small>(224–242)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a> <small>(240–270)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I" title="Hormizd I">Hormizd I</a> <small>(270–271)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I">Bahram I</a> <small>(271–274)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a> <small>(274–293)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_III" title="Bahram III">Bahram III</a> <small>(293)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narseh" title="Narseh">Narseh</a> <small>(293–303)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_II" title="Hormizd II">Hormizd II</a> <small>(303–309)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adur_Narseh" title="Adur Narseh">Adur Narseh</a> <small>(309)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a> <small>(309–379)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_II" title="Ardashir II">Ardashir II</a> <small>(379–383)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_III" title="Shapur III">Shapur III</a> <small>(383–388)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_IV" title="Bahram IV">Bahram IV</a> <small>(388–399)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_I" title="Yazdegerd I">Yazdegerd I</a> <small>(399–420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shapur IV</a> <small>(420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_(son_of_Bahram_IV)" title="Khosrow (son of Bahram IV)">Khosrow</a> <small>(420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_V" title="Bahram V">Bahram V</a> <small>(420–438)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_II" title="Yazdegerd II">Yazdegerd II</a> <small>(438–457)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_III" title="Hormizd III">Hormizd III</a> <small>(457–459)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peroz_I" title="Peroz I">Peroz I</a> <small>(459–484)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Balash" title="Balash">Balash</a> <small>(484–488)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_I" title="Kavad I">Kavad I</a> <small>(488–496)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jamasp" title="Jamasp">Jamasp</a> <small>(496–498/9)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_I" title="Kavad I">Kavad I</a> <small>(498/9–531)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_I" title="Khosrow I">Khosrow I</a> <small>(531–579)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_IV" title="Hormizd IV">Hormizd IV</a> <small>(579–590)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> <small>(590)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Chobin" title="Bahram Chobin">Bahram VI Chobin</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(590–591)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> <small>(591–628)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistahm" title="Vistahm">Vistahm</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(591–596)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_II" title="Kavad II">Kavad II</a> <small>(628)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_III" title="Ardashir III">Ardashir III</a> <small>(628–630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_III" title="Khosrow III">Khosrow III</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boran" title="Boran">Boran</a> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur-i_Shahrvaraz" title="Shapur-i Shahrvaraz">Shapur-i Shahrvaraz</a> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azarmidokht" title="Azarmidokht">Azarmidokht</a> <small>(630–631)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Hormizd" title="Farrukh Hormizd">Farrukh Hormizd</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–631)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_VI" title="Hormizd VI">Hormizd VI</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–632)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_IV" title="Khosrow IV">Khosrow IV</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–636)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boran" title="Boran">Boran</a> <small>(631–632)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_III" title="Yazdegerd III">Yazdegerd III</a> <small>(632–651)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peroz_III" title="Peroz III">Peroz III</a> <small>(pretender)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_VII" title="Bahram VII">Bahram VII</a> <small>(pretender)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narsieh" title="Narsieh">Narsieh</a> <small>(pretender)</small></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>§</sup> usurpers or rival claimants</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shapur_IV&oldid=1254169818">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shapur_IV&oldid=1254169818</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:420_deaths" 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