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class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_German_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>List of German states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_German_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 116 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitse_Keiserryk" title="Duitse Keiserryk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Duitse Keiserryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_Kaiserreich" title="Deutsches Kaiserreich – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Deutsches Kaiserreich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanisce_Rice" title="Germanisce Rice – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Germanisce Rice" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="القيصرية الألمانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القيصرية الألمانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Alem%C3%A1n" title="Imperio Alemán – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Imperio Alemán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_alem%C3%A1n" title="Imperiu alemán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu alemán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaniya_imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Almaniya imperiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Almaniya imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="آلمان ایمپیراتورلوغو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلمان ایمپیراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="জার্মান সাম্রাজ্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মান সাম্রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-%C3%AC-ch%C3%AC_T%C3%A8-kok" title="Tek-ì-chì Tè-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-ì-chì Tè-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Германия империяһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Германия империяһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Германская імперыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Германская імперыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Нямецкая імпэрыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нямецкая імпэрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германска империя – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Германска империя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dko_Carstvo" title="Njemačko Carstvo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Njemačko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalaeriezh_alaman" title="Impalaeriezh alaman – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Impalaeriezh alaman" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D_%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Германиин эзэнтэ гүрэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Германиин эзэнтэ гүрэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_Alemany" title="Imperi Alemany – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperi Alemany" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmeck%C3%A9_c%C3%ADsa%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Německé císařství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Německé císařství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ymerodraeth_yr_Almaen" title="Ymerodraeth yr Almaen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ymerodraeth yr Almaen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyske_Kejserrige" title="Tyske Kejserrige – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyske Kejserrige" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_Kaiserreich" title="Deutsches Kaiserreich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutsches Kaiserreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa_keisririik" title="Saksa keisririik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saksa keisririik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γερμανική Αυτοκρατορία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανική Αυτοκρατορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="German Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_alem%C3%A1n" title="Imperio alemán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio alemán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germana_Imperiestra_Regno" title="Germana Imperiestra Regno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germana Imperiestra Regno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemaniar_Inperioa" title="Alemaniar Inperioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alemaniar Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="امپراتوری آلمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_allemand" title="Empire allemand – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empire allemand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAtske_Keizerryk" title="Dútske Keizerryk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dútske Keizerryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impireacht_na_Gearm%C3%A1ine" title="Impireacht na Gearmáine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Impireacht na Gearmáine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impireachd_na_Gearmailte" title="Impireachd na Gearmailte – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Impireachd na Gearmailte" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Alem%C3%A1n" title="Imperio Alemán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperio Alemán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="독일 제국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գերմանական կայսրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանական կայսրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="जर्मन साम्राज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मन साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dko_Carstvo" title="Njemačko Carstvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemačko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germana_Imperio" title="Germana Imperio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germana Imperio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Jerman" title="Kekaisaran Jerman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekaisaran Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDska_keisarad%C3%A6mi%C3%B0" title="Þýska keisaradæmið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þýska keisaradæmið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_tedesco" title="Impero tedesco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero tedesco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הקיסרות הגרמנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקיסרות הגרמנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გერმანიის იმპერია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანიის იმპერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Герман империясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Герман империясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anpi_Alman" title="Anpi Alman – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Anpi Alman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Alman%C3%AE" title="Împeratoriya Almanî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Împeratoriya Almanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mper_Tud%C3%ABsch" title="Mper Tudësch – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mper Tudësch" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ຈັກກະວັດເຢຍລະມັນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຈັກກະວັດເຢຍລະມັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Germanicum_(1871-1918)" title="Imperium Germanicum (1871-1918) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imperium Germanicum (1871-1918)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81cijas_Imp%C4%93rija" title="Vācijas Impērija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vācijas Impērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германиядин империя – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Германиядин империя" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokietijos_imperija" title="Vokietijos imperija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokietijos imperija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segondo_Reich" title="Segondo Reich – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Segondo Reich" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCtsj_Kezerriek" title="Dütsj Kezerriek – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Dütsj Kezerriek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_Deutx" title="Impero Deutx – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Impero Deutx" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_todesch" title="Imperi todesch – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Imperi todesch" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9met_Cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1rs%C3%A1g" title="Német Császárság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Német Császárság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Германско Царство – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германско Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empira_Alem%C3%A0na" title="Empira Alemàna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Empira Alemàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="जर्मन साम्राज्य – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मन साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გერმანიაშ იმპერია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერმანიაშ იმპერია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="امبراطورية المانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امبراطورية المانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آلمان امپراتوری – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلمان امپراتوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Jerman" title="Empayar Jerman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empayar Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Германы Хаант Улс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Германы Хаант Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="ဂျာမန်အင်ပါယာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျာမန်အင်ပါယာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitse_Keizerrijk" title="Duitse Keizerrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duitse Keizerrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="ドイツ帝国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%88%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Девтойн шуре – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Девтойн шуре" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjiisk_Keiserrik" title="Sjiisk Keiserrik – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sjiisk Keiserrik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_tyske_keiserrike" title="Det tyske keiserrike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det tyske keiserrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_tyske_keisard%C3%B8met" title="Det tyske keisardømet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det tyske keisardømet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Alemand" title="Empèri Alemand – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Empèri Alemand" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniya_imperiyasi" title="Germaniya imperiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Germaniya imperiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="جرمن سلطنت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمن سلطنت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Alem%C3%A1n" title="Imperio Alemán – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Imperio Alemán" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="جرمن سترواکي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جرمن سترواکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joerman_Empaya" title="Joerman Empaya – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Joerman Empaya" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ចក្រភពអាល្លឺម៉ង់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចក្រភពអាល្លឺម៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsch_Kaiserriek" title="Düütsch Kaiserriek – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Düütsch Kaiserriek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesarstwo_Niemieckie" title="Cesarstwo Niemieckie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cesarstwo Niemieckie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Alem%C3%A3o" title="Império Alemão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Alemão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniya_imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Germaniya imperiyası – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Germaniya imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiul_German" title="Imperiul German – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperiul German" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%86%D1%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Нѣмецке цѣсарство – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нѣмецке цѣсарство" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германская империя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Германская империя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A8riu_tedescu" title="Impèriu tedescu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Impèriu tedescu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="German Empire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandoria_Gjermane" title="Perandoria Gjermane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandoria Gjermane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemeck%C3%A9_cis%C3%A1rstvo_(1871_%E2%80%93_1918)" title="Nemecké cisárstvo (1871 – 1918) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nemecké cisárstvo (1871 – 1918)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C5%A1ko_cesarstvo" title="Nemško cesarstvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nemško cesarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niymiecke_Cys%C5%8Frstwo" title="Niymiecke Cysŏrstwo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Niymiecke Cysŏrstwo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی ئەڵمانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی ئەڵمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Немачко царство – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Немачко царство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dko_Carstvo" title="Njemačko Carstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Njemačko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_keisarikunta" title="Saksan keisarikunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksan keisarikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Tyskland" title="Kejsardömet Tyskland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kejsardömet Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyong_Aleman" title="Imperyong Aleman – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Imperyong Aleman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="செருமானியப் பேரரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செருமானியப் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Алман империясе – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алман империясе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิเยอรมัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิเยอรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Имперотурии Олмон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Имперотурии Олмон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Alman İmparatorluğu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alman İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_imperi%C3%BDasy" title="German imperiýasy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="German imperiýasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Німецька імперія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німецька імперія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="جرمن سلطنت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمن سلطنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpero_Zerm%C3%A0nego" title="Inpero Zermànego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inpero Zermànego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanijan_imperii" title="Germanijan imperii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Germanijan imperii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Đế quốc Đức – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="德意志帝國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyo_han_Alemanya" title="Imperyo han Alemanya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Imperyo han Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="德意志帝国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德意志帝国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_%E1%BB%8Cbal%C3%BAay%C3%A9_J%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Ilẹ̀ Ọbalúayé Jẹ́mánì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ilẹ̀ Ọbalúayé Jẹ́mánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德意志帝國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德意志帝國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43287#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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class="latitude">52°31′7″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°22′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.51861°N 13.37611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.51861; 13.37611</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox 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.ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">German Empire</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Deutsches Reich</i></span>  <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1871–1918</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of German Reich"><img alt="Flag of German Reich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_the_German_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of the German Empire (not yet started)">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_-_Reichsadler_1889.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms (1889–1918)[1] of German Reich"><img alt="Coat of arms (1889–1918)[1] of German Reich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_-_Reichsadler_1889.svg/85px-Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_-_Reichsadler_1889.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_-_Reichsadler_1889.svg/128px-Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_-_Reichsadler_1889.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_-_Reichsadler_1889.svg/170px-Wappen_Deutsches_Reich_-_Reichsadler_1889.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1286" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany#German_Empire" title="Coat of arms of Germany">Coat of arms</a><br />(1889–1918)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gott_mit_uns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gott mit uns (not yet started)">Gott mit uns</a></i></span></i> (German)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Nobiscum Deus</i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)<br />("God with us")</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heil_dir_im_Siegerkranz" title="Heil dir im Siegerkranz">Heil dir im Siegerkranz</a></i></span></i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />("Hail to Thee in the Victor's Crown")<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="174" data-mwtitle="Heil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_(old_recording).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Heil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg/Heil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Heil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=af&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="af" label="Afrikaans ‪(af)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=hr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hr" label="hrvatski ‪(hr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHeil_Dir_Im_Siegerkranz_%28old_recording%29.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div> <hr /> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_Wacht_am_Rhein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Wacht am Rhein (not yet started)">Die Wacht am Rhein</a></i></span> <small>(unofficial)</small><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />("The Watch on the Rhine")<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="99" data-mwtitle="Die_Wacht_am_Rhein_(instrumental).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Die_Wacht_am_Rhein_%28instrumental%29.ogg/Die_Wacht_am_Rhein_%28instrumental%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Die_Wacht_am_Rhein_%28instrumental%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Empire_1914.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/German_Empire_1914.svg/250px-German_Empire_1914.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/German_Empire_1914.svg/375px-German_Empire_1914.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/German_Empire_1914.svg/500px-German_Empire_1914.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">The German Empire in 1914</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Empire_in_1918.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/German_Empire_in_1918.png/250px-German_Empire_in_1918.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/German_Empire_in_1918.png/375px-German_Empire_in_1918.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/German_Empire_in_1918.png/500px-German_Empire_in_1918.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1946" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">The German Empire and its occupied territories in the final stage of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, September 1918</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutsches_Reich_(1871-1918)-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-en.png/250px-Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-en.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-en.png/375px-Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-en.png/500px-Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-en.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=States_of_the_German_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="States of the German Empire (not yet started)">States of the German Empire</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:German_colonial.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/German_colonial.PNG/250px-German_colonial.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/German_colonial.PNG/375px-German_colonial.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/German_colonial.PNG/500px-German_colonial.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_colonial_empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German colonial empire (not yet started)">German colonial empire</a> in 1914</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9430902">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=German_Empire&params=52_31_7_N_13_22_34_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°31′7″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°22′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.51861°N 13.37611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.51861; 13.37611</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">German</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>Unofficial:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Low_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German">Low German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limburgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Limburgish language">Limburgish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisian_languages" title="Frisian languages">Frisian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinte_Romani" title="Sinte Romani">Sinte Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (1880)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Majority:</b><br /><span class="nowrap">62.63% <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></span><br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Protestant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Protestant (not yet started)">United Protestant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a>)<br /><b>Minorities:</b><br />35.89% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a><br /> 1.24% Jewish<br /> 0.17% other <a href="/wiki/Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Christians">Christian</a><br /> 0.07% other</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Semi-constitutional_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-constitutional monarchy">semi-constitutional monarchy</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Under a <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Military dictatorship">military dictatorship</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(1916–1918)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/German_Emperor" title="German Emperor">Emperor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1871–1888 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="William I, German Emperor">Wilhelm I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1888 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Friedrich III</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1888–1918 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II">Wilhelm II</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_Germany#German_Empire,_Reichskanzler_(1871–1918)" title="List of chancellors of Germany">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1871–1890 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1890–1894 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leo_von_Caprivi" title="Leo von Caprivi">Leo von Caprivi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1894–1900 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlodwig,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Schillingsf%C3%BCrst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (not yet started)">C. zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1900–1909 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernhard von Bülow (not yet started)">Bernhard von Bülow</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1909–1917 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg" title="Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg">T. von Bethmann Hollweg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1917 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Michaelis" title="Georg Michaelis">Georg Michaelis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1917–1918 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Hertling" title="Georg von Hertling">Georg von Hertling</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1918 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Maximilian_of_Baden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prince Maximilian of Baden (not yet started)">Max von Baden</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bicameral" title="Bicameral">Bicameral</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Upper house</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundesrat_(German_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bundesrat (German Empire) (not yet started)">Bundesrat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Lower house</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichstag_(German_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichstag (German Empire) (not yet started)">Reichstag</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Imperialism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Imperialism (not yet started)">New Imperialism</a> • <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">Unification</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">18 January 1871</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_German_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of the German Empire (not yet started)">Constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 April 1871</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Conference" title="Berlin Conference">Berlin Conference</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">15 November 1884</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">WWI began</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">28 July 1914</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919 (not yet started)">German Revolution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">3 November 1918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdication_of_Wilhelm_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdication of Wilhelm II (not yet started)">Abdication of Kaiser</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 November 1918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 November 1918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Constitution" title="Weimar Constitution">Weimar Constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 August 1919</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,750,000 km<sup>2</sup> (680,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><b>1910</b><sup id="cite_ref-gem1900_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gem1900-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">540,857.54 km<sup>2</sup> (208,826.26 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">70,000,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <b>1871</b><sup id="cite_ref-pop1871_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop1871-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">41,058,792</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <b>1900</b><sup id="cite_ref-pop1871_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop1871-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">56,367,178</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <b>1910</b><sup id="cite_ref-pop1871_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop1871-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">64,925,993</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662963">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none;"><div class="hidden-title" style="text-align:center;"><b>Until 1873</b>:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vereinsthaler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vereinsthaler (not yet started)">Vereinsthaler</a></i></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_German_gulden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South German gulden (not yet started)">South German gulden</a>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bremen_thaler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bremen thaler (not yet started)">Bremen thaler</a></i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamburg_mark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamburg mark (not yet started)">Hamburg mark</a></i></span>, <a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">French franc</a></div></div><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_gold_mark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German gold mark (not yet started)">German gold mark</a><br />(1873–1914)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Papiermark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Papiermark (not yet started)">German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Papiermark</i></span></a><br />(1914–1918)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/20px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/30px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/40px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/20px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/30px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/40px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Baden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/20px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/30px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/40px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Hesse</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaipėda Region (not yet started)">Memel Territory</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Saar_Basin" title="Territory of the Saar Basin">Territory of the Saar Basin</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Saar_1920-1935.svg/20px-Flag_of_Saar_1920-1935.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Saar_1920-1935.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saar_1920-1935.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Saar_1920-1935.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saar_1920-1935.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Danzig</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Danzig.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Danzig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Danzig.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Danzig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Danzig.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Danzig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="397" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn">Area and population not including <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_colonial_empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German colonial empire (not yet started)">colonial possessions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>German Empire</b> (German: <i lang="de">Deutsches Reich</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-constitution_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tuttle_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuttle-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also referred to as <b>Imperial Germany</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <b>Second Reich</b><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or simply <b>Germany</b>, was a country in Europe during the period of the <a href="/wiki/German_Reich" title="German Reich">German Reich</a> from 1871 until <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German revolution of 1918–1919 (not yet started)">its dissolution</a> in November 1918. When the German Empire collapsed, it became the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> as part of the German Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_German_states">List of German states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Empire&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: List of German states" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Empire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: List of German states"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Deutsches_Reich,_Verwaltungsgliederung_1900-01-01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Karte_Deutsches_Reich%2C_Verwaltungsgliederung_1900-01-01.png/300px-Karte_Deutsches_Reich%2C_Verwaltungsgliederung_1900-01-01.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="398" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Karte_Deutsches_Reich%2C_Verwaltungsgliederung_1900-01-01.png/450px-Karte_Deutsches_Reich%2C_Verwaltungsgliederung_1900-01-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Karte_Deutsches_Reich%2C_Verwaltungsgliederung_1900-01-01.png/600px-Karte_Deutsches_Reich%2C_Verwaltungsgliederung_1900-01-01.png 2x" data-file-width="5013" data-file-height="6654" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <table style="text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 90%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeee">State </th> <th bgcolor="#eeeee">Capital </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef" align="center"><b>Kingdoms</b> (<i>Königreiche</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Prussia_(1892-1918).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Prussia_%281892-1918%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Prussia_%281892-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Prussia_%281892-1918%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Prussia_%281892-1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Prussia_%281892-1918%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Prussia_%281892-1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></b> (<i>Preußen</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bavaria_(striped).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></b> (<i>Bayern</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_(1815-1918).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/25px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/38px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/50px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></b> (<i>Sachsen</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/25px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/38px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/50px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef" align="center"><b>Grand duchies</b> (<i>Großherzogtümer</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Baden_(1855%E2%80%931891).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Baden_%281855%E2%80%931891%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Baden_%281855%E2%80%931891%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Baden_%281855%E2%80%931891%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Baden_%281855%E2%80%931891%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Baden_%281855%E2%80%931891%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Baden_%281855%E2%80%931891%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Baden</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/25px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/38px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/50px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Hesse</a></b> (<i>Hessen</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/25px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/38px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/50px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/25px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/38px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/50px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Strelitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neustrelitz" title="Neustrelitz">Neustrelitz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Civil_flag_of_Oldenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Civil_flag_of_Oldenburg.svg/25px-Civil_flag_of_Oldenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Civil_flag_of_Oldenburg.svg/38px-Civil_flag_of_Oldenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Civil_flag_of_Oldenburg.svg/50px-Civil_flag_of_Oldenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(state)" title="Oldenburg (state)">Oldenburg</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_(1813-1897).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg/25px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg/38px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg/50px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" title="Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a></b> (<i>Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef" align="center"><b>Duchies</b> (<i>Herzogtümer</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Herzogtum_Anhalt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_Herzogtum_Anhalt.svg/25px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Anhalt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_Herzogtum_Anhalt.svg/38px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Anhalt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_Herzogtum_Anhalt.svg/50px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Anhalt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Anhalt">Anhalt</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dessau" title="Dessau">Dessau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig.svg/25px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig.svg/38px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig.svg/50px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick" title="Duchy of Brunswick">Brunswick</a></b> (<i>Braunschweig</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_(1826-1911).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/25px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/38px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/50px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Altenburg" title="Saxe-Altenburg">Saxe-Altenburg</a></b> (<i>Sachsen-Altenburg</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Altenburg" title="Altenburg">Altenburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_(1911-1920).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/25px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/38px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/50px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></b> (<i>Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coburg" title="Coburg">Coburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_(1826-1911).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/25px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/38px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/50px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Meiningen" title="Saxe-Meiningen">Saxe-Meiningen</a></b> (<i>Sachsen-Meiningen</i>) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiningen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meiningen (not yet started)">Meiningen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef" align="center"><b>Principalities</b> (<i>Fürstentümer</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Lippe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Lippe.svg/25px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Lippe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Lippe.svg/38px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Lippe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Lippe.svg/50px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Lippe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Lippe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principality of Lippe (not yet started)">Lippe</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Detmold" title="Detmold">Detmold</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_j%C3%BCngere_Linie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_j%C3%BCngere_Linie.svg/25px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_j%C3%BCngere_Linie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_j%C3%BCngere_Linie.svg/38px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_j%C3%BCngere_Linie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_j%C3%BCngere_Linie.svg/50px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_j%C3%BCngere_Linie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reuss_Junior_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reuss Junior Line (not yet started)">Reuss, junior line</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gera" title="Gera">Gera</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_%C3%A4ltere_Linie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_%C3%A4ltere_Linie.svg/25px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_%C3%A4ltere_Linie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_%C3%A4ltere_Linie.svg/38px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_%C3%A4ltere_Linie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_%C3%A4ltere_Linie.svg/50px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Reu%C3%9F_%C3%A4ltere_Linie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="405" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reuss_Elder_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reuss Elder Line (not yet started)">Reuss, senior line</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greiz (not yet started)">Greiz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Schaumburg-Lippe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Schaumburg-Lippe.svg/25px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Schaumburg-Lippe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Schaumburg-Lippe.svg/38px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Schaumburg-Lippe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Schaumburg-Lippe.svg/50px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstentum_Schaumburg-Lippe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schaumburg-Lippe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schaumburg-Lippe (not yet started)">Schaumburg-Lippe</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCckeburg" title="Bückeburg">Bückeburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg/25px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg/38px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg/50px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (not yet started)">Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolstadt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolstadt (not yet started)">Rudolstadt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg/25px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg/38px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg/50px-Flagge_F%C3%BCrstent%C3%BCmer_Schwarzburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwarzburg-Sondershausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (not yet started)">Schwarzburg-Sondershausen</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sondershausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sondershausen (not yet started)">Sondershausen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(3-2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waldeck_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waldeck (state) (not yet started)">Waldeck-Pyrmont</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arolsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arolsen (not yet started)">Arolsen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef" align="center"><b>Free Hanseatic cities</b> (<i>Freie Hansestädte</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bremen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/25px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/38px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/50px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/25px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/38px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/50px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Lübeck">Lübeck</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef" align="center"><b>Imperial territory</b> (<i>Reichsland</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a></b> (<i>Elsaß-Lothringen</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Straßburg</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Empire&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Empire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Empire&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Empire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Notes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">de</span>; today often referred to as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Deutsches Kaiserreich</i></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">German: <i lang="de">Zweites Reich</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Empire&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Empire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724317"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Seyler, Gustav A.:Die Wappen der deutschen Landesfürsten. Reprograf. Nachdr. von Siebmacher's Wappenbuch 1. Bd., 1. Abt. 2. – 5. Teil (Nürnberg 1909 – 1929)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Preble, George Henry, <i>History of the Flag of the United States of America: With a Chronicle of the Symbols, Standards, Banners, and Flags of Ancient and Modern Nations</i>, 2nd ed, p. 102; A. Williams and co, 1880</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFischerSenkel2010" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Michael; Senkel, Christian (2010). Klaus Tanner (ed.). <i>Reichsgründung 1871: Ereignis, Beschreibung, Inszenierung</i>. Münster: Bachmann Verlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reichsgr%C3%BCndung+1871%3A+Ereignis%2C+Beschreibung%2C+Inszenierung&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.pub=Bachmann+Verlag&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Senkel%2C+Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHansen1978" class="citation book cs1">Hansen, Hans Jürgen (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heildirimsiegerk0000hans"><i>Heil Dir im Siegerkranz: die Hymnen der Deutschen</i></a>. Oldenburg, Hamburg: Stalling. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7979-1950-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-7979-1950-6"><bdi>3-7979-1950-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heil+Dir+im+Siegerkranz%3A+die+Hymnen+der+Deutschen&rft.place=Oldenburg%2C+Hamburg&rft.pub=Stalling&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=3-7979-1950-6&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Hans+J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheildirimsiegerk0000hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFvon_ADELHEID" class="citation web cs1">von ADELHEID, K. L. A. I. B. E. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/1262885132/34#page=166">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Max Schneckenburger (1819–1849)–der Dichter der "Wacht am Rhein "<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>SCHRIFTEN DER BAAR</i>. p. 165<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SCHRIFTEN+DER+BAAR&rft.atitle=%22Max+Schneckenburger+%281819%E2%80%931849%29%E2%80%93der+Dichter+der+%22Wacht+am+Rhein+%22&rft.pages=165&rft.aulast=von+ADELHEID&rft.aufirst=K.+L.+A.+I.+B.+E.+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd-nb.info%2F1262885132%2F34%23page%3D166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ochsmann, Almut. "100 Jahre deutsche Nationalhymne: Überlegungen zu Eine vaterländische Ouvertüre op. 140." Mitteilungen der <i>Internationalen Max-Reger-Gesellschaft</i> 3.42 (2022): 18–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/German-Empire/Establishment-of-the-North-German-Confederation">"German Empire"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170755/https://www.britannica.com/place/German-Empire/Establishment-of-the-North-German-Confederation">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=German+Empire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FGerman-Empire%2FEstablishment-of-the-North-German-Confederation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nipperdey, Thomas, "Deutsche Geschichte 1866–1918: Zweiter Band: Machtstaat vor der Demokratie" (1995), p. 98–108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Röhl, John C. G. "Kaiser Wilhelm II: A Concise Life" (2014), p. 172–173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHaardt2016" class="citation journal cs1">Haardt, Oliver F. R. (2016). "The Kaiser in the Federal State, 1871–1918". <i>German History</i>. <b>34</b> (4): 529–554. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgerhis%2Fghw117">10.1093/gerhis/ghw117</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0266-3554">0266-3554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=German+History&rft.atitle=The+Kaiser+in+the+Federal+State%2C+1871%E2%80%931918&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=529-554&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgerhis%2Fghw117&rft.issn=0266-3554&rft.aulast=Haardt&rft.aufirst=Oliver+F.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wheeler-Bennett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wheeler-Bennett (not yet started)">Wheeler-Bennett, John</a> (1967). <i>The Nemesis of Power The German Army in Politics 1918–1945</i>. London: Macmillan. pp. 13–14. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-1812-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-1812-3">978-1-4039-1812-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://simple.wikisource.org/wiki/Statement_of_Abdication" class="extiw" title="s:Statement of Abdication">Statement of Abdication of Wilhelm II</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gem1900-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gem1900_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/gem1900/gem1900.htm?gem1900_2.htm">"German Empire: administrative subdivision and municipalities, 1900 to 1910"</a> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072855/http://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/gem1900/gem1900.htm?gem1900_2.htm%20">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+Empire%3A+administrative+subdivision+and+municipalities%2C+1900+to+1910&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gemeindeverzeichnis.de%2Fgem1900%2Fgem1900.htm%3Fgem1900_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop1871-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pop1871_14-0">14.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pop1871_14-1">14.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pop1871_14-2">14.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070405061459/http://deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/einwohner.htm">"Population statistics of the German Empire, 1871"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/einwohner.htm">the original</a> on 5 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+statistics+of+the+German+Empire%2C+1871&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de%2Feinwohner.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-constitution-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-constitution_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Verfassung_des_Deutschen_Reiches_(1871)">"German constitution of 1871"</a> (in German). German <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. 16 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225074456/https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Verfassung_des_Deutschen_Reiches_(1871)">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+constitution+of+1871&rft.pub=German+Wikisource&rft.date=2011-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fde.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FVerfassung_des_Deutschen_Reiches_%281871%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tuttle-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tuttle_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.library.cornell.edu/moa_new/harp.html">"Cornell University Library Making of America Collection"</a>. <i>collections.library.cornell.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collections.library.cornell.edu&rft.atitle=Cornell+University+Library+Making+of+America+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.library.cornell.edu%2Fmoa_new%2Fharp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">World Book, Inc. <i>The World Book dictionary, Volume 1</i>. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Whitaker. <i>Whitaker's almanack, 1991</i>. J Whitaker & Sons, 1990. Pp. 765. Refers to the term <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Deutsches Reich</i></span></i> being translated into English as "German Realm", up to and including the Weimar period.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, Roger Chickering, <i>Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914–1918</i>. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014; Cornelius Torp and Sven Oliver Müller, eds., <i>Imperial Germany Revisited: Continuing Debates & New Perspectives</i>. Oxford: Berghahn, 2011; James Retallack, ed., <i>Imperial Germany 1871–1918</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008; Isabel V. Hull, <i>Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany</i>. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/German-Empire">"German Empire"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917080005/https://www.britannica.com/place/German-Empire">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=German+Empire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FGerman-Empire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFToyka-Seid" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Toyka-Seid, Gerd Schneider, Christiane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026193718/https://m.bpb.de/nachschlagen/lexika/das-junge-politik-lexikon/231954/reichsgruendung-deutsches-reich">"Reichsgründung/ Deutsches Reich | bpb"</a>. <i>bpb.de</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.bpb.de/nachschlagen/lexika/das-junge-politik-lexikon/231954/reichsgruendung-deutsches-reich">the original</a> on 26 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bpb.de&rft.atitle=Reichsgr%C3%BCndung%2F+Deutsches+Reich+%7C+bpb&rft.aulast=Toyka-Seid&rft.aufirst=Gerd+Schneider%2C+Christiane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.bpb.de%2Fnachschlagen%2Flexika%2Fdas-junge-politik-lexikon%2F231954%2Freichsgruendung-deutsches-reich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSturm2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sturm, Reinhard (23 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.bpb.de/geschichte/deutsche-geschichte/weimarer-republik/275834/1918-19-vom-kaiserreich-zur-republik">"Vom Kaiserreich zur Republik 1918/19 – Weimarer Republik"</a>. <i>bpb.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917075919/https://m.bpb.de/geschichte/deutsche-geschichte/weimarer-republik/275834/1918-19-vom-kaiserreich-zur-republik">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bpb.de&rft.atitle=Vom+Kaiserreich+zur+Republik+1918%2F19+%E2%80%93+Weimarer+Republik&rft.date=2011-12-23&rft.aulast=Sturm&rft.aufirst=Reinhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.bpb.de%2Fgeschichte%2Fdeutsche-geschichte%2Fweimarer-republik%2F275834%2F1918-19-vom-kaiserreich-zur-republik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119347320">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119347320">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671803">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span title="Deutsches Kaiserreich" class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7509421-6">Germany</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529119005171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85054578">United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td 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