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Advancements in Pediatric Nutrition: Emphasising the Critical Early Days – Neonatal Biology

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class="site-content" id="content"> <div class="content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-99" class="post-99 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-pediatric-nutrition tag-advancements-in-pediatric-nutrition tag-diet tag-nutrition tag-paediatric-diet tag-paediatric-nutrition tag-pediatric-nutrition-early-development tag-weight-loss-program" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://neonatalbiology.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/banner-10-01-1-min-scaled-e1730103170367.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Advancements in Pediatric Nutrition: Emphasising the Critical Early Days</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-28T13:42:57+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">October 28, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://neonatalbiology.com/archive/author/neonatalbiology/" title="View all posts by neonatalbiology" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">neonatalbiology</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <h3><b>Introduction</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pediatric nutrition is a cornerstone of health and developmental outcomes, with the earliest days of life being pivotal for setting the trajectory of a child’s growth and immune system competence. Recent research highlights the profound impact of early dietary choices, especially for those born preterm. This article delves into advancements in pediatric nutrition, focusing on interventions and research findings that underscore the significance of optimal nutrition during the critical neonatal period.</span></p> <h3><b>The Role of Bovine Colostrum</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bovine colostrum, the first form of milk produced by cows immediately following delivery, has been studied extensively for its potential benefits in neonatal nutrition, particularly for preterm infants. Its high concentrations of antibodies and growth factors offer a promising supplement to human milk, which may be scarce or unavailable during the early days post-birth. Studies suggest that bovine colostrum supports gut health and immune function, reducing the incidence of severe gastrointestinal conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) by bolstering the intestinal barrier and modulating the gut microbiome.</span></p> <h3><b>Impact of Early Colostrum Supplementation</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One significant area of research has focused on the administration of bovine colostrum within the first week of life. For example, a pilot study investigated how supplementation with bovine colostrum influenced gut colonization in preterm infants compared to donor milk. The findings revealed distinct microbiome patterns that suggest potential long-term impacts on health. Specifically, infants receiving bovine colostrum showed different bacterial families in their guts, which correlated with plasma amino acid levels, suggesting an interaction between diet and metabolism that could influence growth and development.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://neonatalbiology.com/publication-trends/index/pediatric nutrition" target="_blank" title="pediatric nutrition - yearwise publication trends">pediatric nutrition</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 'NA' : count; tableHTML += ` <tr> <td>${year}</td> <td>${displayCount}</td> </tr> `; }); tableHTML += '</table></div>'; resultsContainer.innerHTML = tableHTML; } function displayLineChart(statistics) { var years = Object.keys(statistics); var counts = Object.values(statistics); var ctx = document.getElementById('publicationChart').getContext('2d'); // Destroy existing chart instance if it exists if (chart !== null) { chart.destroy(); } // Create a new chart instance chart = new Chart(ctx, { type: 'line', data: { labels: years, datasets: [{ label: 'Publication Counts', data: counts, fill: false, borderColor: 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 1)', tension: 0.1 }] }, options: { scales: { y: { beginAtZero: true } }, plugins: { legend: { display: true, position: 'top' } } } }); } function displayKeywordStats(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-stats'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://neonatalbiology.com/publication-trends/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - yearwise publication trends">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var statistics = { "2014": 78, "2015": 86, "2016": 105, "2017": 89, "2018": 145, "2019": 185, "2020": 272, "2021": 346, "2022": 376, "2023": 709, "2024": 315 }; var keywordsArray = ["paediatric nutrition","nutrition","paediatric diet","diet","weight loss program","Pediatric Nutrition Early Development","Advancements in Pediatric Nutrition"]; displayResults(statistics); displayLineChart(statistics); displayKeywordStats(keywordsArray); </script></p> <h3><b>Dietary Emulsifiers in Infant Formula</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The composition of infant formula is critical, especially when natural breast milk is not an option. Research comparing different emulsifiers in the formula—dairy-derived versus soy-based—has provided insights into how minor ingredients can significantly impact nutrient absorption and brain development. The right choice of emulsifier could enhance lipid absorption, which is crucial for brain development and growth in preterm infants.</span></p> <h3><b>Sex-Specific Nutritional Needs</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Specifically, preterm infants, for instance, often face higher risks of adverse health outcomes compared to females. Tailoring nutritional interventions to address these disparities could improve survival rates and long-term health.</span></p> <h3><b>Prebiotics for Promoting Gut Health</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Prebiotics added to infant formula or provided through supplements have shown promise in promoting beneficial gut bacteria, which play a crucial role in immune function and nutrient absorption. The manipulation of the gut flora through prebiotics might offer a preventive strategy against common early-life ailments like colic and certain infections.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://neonatalbiology.com/recent-publications/index/pediatric nutrition" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="pediatric nutrition - yearwise publication list">pediatric nutrition</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; border-radius:30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { padding: 5px; color: #a71c49; } #keyword-papers{ margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } </style> <script> function decodeString(str) { str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); return str; } function displayResults_recent(papers) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_recent'); if (!papers || papers.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No recent publications found.</p>'; return; } papers.forEach(paper => { var publicationBlock = document.createElement('div'); publicationBlock.className = 'publication-block'; var title_de = decodeString(paper.title); var publicationHTML = ` <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;"><a href="${paper.url}" target="_blank" title="${title_de}">${title_de}</a></div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> ${paper.publishedDate}</p> `; publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://neonatalbiology.com/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Pediatric Hospital Admissions with Concern for Neglect: Correlations Between Neglect Types and Other Clinical and Environmental Risk Factors.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38904903", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Feeding Variation Among Infants in Acute Care Cardiology Units.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38907873", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The management of dietary fiber intake in children with chronic kidney disease - clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38866350", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Blenderized tube feeding in pediatrics - current evidence, guidelines, and considerations.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38957106", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Priorities for Clinical Research in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation From the Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38959362", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Population-Based Intraoperative Disease Severity Criteria for Pediatric Appendicitis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38959019", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The prevalence and prevention strategies of pediatric obesity: a narrative review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38965682", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A real-life pediatric experience of Crohn\\\\\\'s disease exclusion diet at disease onset and in refractory patients.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38962891", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Feasibility of Achieving Nutritional Adequacy in Critically Ill Children with Critical Neurological Illnesses (CNIs)?-A Quaternary Hospital Experience.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38929290", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Outcomes of pediatric endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block: A single center pilot study.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39118490", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Prognostic factors for pediatric patients with severe intestinal motility disorders: a single institution\\\\\\'s experience.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39110212", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Funding and resource availability for home parenteral nutrition in Australia: A national cross-sectional survey.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38850512", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Safe and efficient practice of parenteral nutrition in neonates and children aged 0-18 years - The role of licensed multi-chamber bags.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38823267", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales isolated from hospital sinks: molecular relationships with isolates from patients and the change in contamination status after daily disinfection with sodium hypochlorite.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38836042", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A Case of Necrotic Colonic Volvulus in Cerebral Palsy With Severe Scoliosis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38650790", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Food insecurity in children with heart disease.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38655802", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Pediatric Intestinal Failure Associated Eating Disorder: An Overview of the Importance of Oral Feeding in a Population at Risk for Feeding Difficulties.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38719381", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Strategic HIV Case Findings among Infants at Different Entry Points of Health Facilities in Cameroon: Optimizing the Elimination of Mother-To-Child Transmission in Low- and- Middle-Income Countries.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38793633", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Detection and reduction of errors in parenteral nutrition compounding through gravimetric and product control.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38233237", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Risk Factors for Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke: A Machine Learning Approach.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38748936", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["paediatric nutrition","nutrition","paediatric diet","diet","weight loss program","Pediatric Nutrition Early Development","Advancements in Pediatric Nutrition"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h3><b>Challenges and Ethical Considerations</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While the potential of early nutritional interventions is immense, ethical considerations arise, particularly concerning intervention studies in vulnerable populations such as preterm infants. The balance between research and clinical practice needs careful management to ensure that new findings are both scientifically valid and ethically implemented.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The early days of life present a critical window for nutritional interventions that can have lasting effects on an individual&#8217;s health trajectory. As research progresses, the hope is that tailored nutritional strategies can significantly reduce the incidence of early-life diseases and enhance overall developmental outcomes. The field of pediatric nutrition continues to evolve, driven by technological advancements and a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between diet, genetics, and the environment.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li>Jiang, P.P., Muk, T., Krych, L., Nielsen, D.S., Khakimov, B., Li, Y., Juhl, S.M., Greisen, G. and Sangild, P.T., 2022. <a href="https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jpen.2191">Gut colonization in preterm infants supplemented with bovine colostrum in the first week of life: An explorative pilot study. </a><i>Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition</i>, <i>46</i>(3), pp.592-599.</li> <li>Yan, X., Sangild, P.T., Peng, Y., Li, Y., Bering, S.B. and Pan, X., 2021. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15364801">Supplementary bovine colostrum feedings to formula-fed preterm pigs improve gut function and reduce necrotizing enterocolitis.</a> <i>Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition</i>, <i>73</i>(2), pp.e39-e46.</li> <li>Brunse, A., Peng, Y., Li, Y., Lykkesfeldt, J. and Sangild, P.T., 2021. <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.636638/full">Co-bedding of preterm newborn pigs reduces necrotizing enterocolitis incidence independent of vital functions and cortisol levels.</a> <i>Frontiers in Pediatrics</i>, <i>9</i>, p.636638.</li> <li>Henriksen, N.L., Aasmul-Olsen, K., Venkatasubramanian, R., Nygaard, M.K., Sprenger, R.R., Heckmann, A.B., Ostenfeld, M.S., Ejsing, C.S., Eskildsen, S.F., Müllertz, A. and Sangild, P.T., 2021. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/718">Dairy-derived emulsifiers in infant formula show marginal effects on the plasma lipid profile and brain structure in preterm piglets relative to soy lecithin.</a> <i>Nutrients</i>, <i>13</i>(3), p.718.</li> <li>Bæk, O., Cilieborg, M.S., Nguyen, D.N., Bering, S.B., Thymann, T. and Sangild, P.T., 2021. <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.626101/full">Sex-specific survival, growth, immunity and organ development in preterm pigs as models for immature newborns.</a> <i>Frontiers in pediatrics</i>, <i>9</i>, p.626101.</li> <li>Cucinotta, U., Romano, C. and Dipasquale, V., 2021. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/2/655">Diet and nutrition in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases.</a> <i>Nutrients</i>, <i>13</i>(2), p.655.</li> <li>Reed, R.C., Johnson, D.E. and Nie, A.M., 2021. <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1093526620976831">Preterm infant skin structure is qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of term newborns.</a> <i>Pediatric and Developmental Pathology</i>, <i>24</i>(2), pp.96-102.</li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">pediatric nutrition</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://neonatalbiology.com/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; 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", "email": "doug.burrin@ars.usda.gov", "slug_tail": "d-burrin" }, "zzr3K4wBWBy50K-rT9_c": { "aid": "zzr3K4wBWBy50K-rT9_c", "name": "M. Makrides", "citation_count": 14149, "hindex": 65, "paper_count": 403, "affiliation": "Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. ", "email": "maria.makrides@sahmri.com", "slug_tail": "m-makrides" }, "927lKowBWBy50K-r8RRO": { "aid": "927lKowBWBy50K-r8RRO", "name": "J. Vanderhoof", "citation_count": 8755, "hindex": 51, "paper_count": 301, "affiliation": "Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, EUA. ", "email": "Jon.Vanderhoof@mjn.com", "slug_tail": "j-vanderhoof" }, "emTkKowBWBy50K-rsL7w": { "aid": "emTkKowBWBy50K-rsL7w", "name": "J. Hulst", "citation_count": 4420, "hindex": 34, "paper_count": 118, "affiliation": "Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. ", "email": "jessie.hulst@sickkids.ca", "slug_tail": "j-hulst" }, "s2flKowBWBy50K-rHZYS": { "aid": "s2flKowBWBy50K-rHZYS", "name": "M. Vitolo", "citation_count": 3647, "hindex": 31, "paper_count": 152, "affiliation": "Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre - UCSPA, Department of Nutrition, Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil. ", "email": "vitolo@ufcspa.edu.br", "slug_tail": "m-vitolo" }, "E3qIK4wBWBy50K-r0CRs": { "aid": "E3qIK4wBWBy50K-r0CRs", "name": "M. 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Al-Farhan", "citation_count": 3, "hindex": 1, "paper_count": 5, "affiliation": "Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET), College of Nursing Kuwait. 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