CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Hulda Clark - RationalWiki</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"Z0-qemfumGdr0ekOb5y01AAAAM4","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hulda_Clark","wgTitle":"Hulda Clark","wgCurRevisionId":2613578,"wgRevisionId":2613578,"wgArticleId":14332,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using DynamicPageList parser function","Alternative medicine","Alternative medicine promoters","Biologists","Canadians","Cancer woo","Woo-meisters"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hulda_Clark","wgRelevantArticleId":14332,"wgIsProbablyEditable":!0, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":!0,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":!0};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","mediawiki.toc.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@1hzgi",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); });});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cmediawiki.toc.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.35.6"/> <meta name="description" content="Hulda Regehr Clark (1928–2009) was an author who wrote several books on alternative medicine. Clark received a doctoral degree in zoology from the University of Minnesota in 1958.&#91;1&#93;:67 Many of her views advanced the pseudoscientific claim that all maladies, from cancer to HIV, are actually caused by parasites. Predictably, these parasites could be flushed from one's body by purchasing and using the costly herbs and electronic devices that were also, as it happened, marketed by Clark."/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&action=edit"/> <link rel="edit" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&action=edit"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="RationalWiki (en)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="license" href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyrights"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="RationalWiki Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="RationalWiki"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Hulda Clark"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Hulda Regehr Clark (1928–2009) was an author who wrote several books on alternative medicine. Clark received a doctoral degree in zoology from the University of Minnesota in 1958.&#91;1&#93;:67 Many of her views advanced the pseudoscientific claim that all maladies, from cancer to HIV, are actually caused by parasites. Predictably, these parasites could be flushed from one's body by purchasing and using the costly herbs and electronic devices that were also, as it happened, marketed by Clark."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Hulda_Clark"/>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hulda_Clark rootpage-Hulda_Clark skin-vector action-view minerva--history-page-action-enabled skin-vector-legacy"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><div id="localNotice" lang="en" dir="ltr"><table class="messagebox mb-brainwatermark-light mb-info" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mb-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Information_icon.svg" class="image"><img alt="Information icon.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/50px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/75px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/100px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a> </td> <td class="mb-text"><b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Moderator_elections/Election_booth" title="RationalWiki:Moderator elections/Election booth">Voting</a></b> in the <b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Moderator_elections" title="RationalWiki:Moderator elections">2024 RationalWiki Moderator Election</a></b> is now open </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Hulda Clark</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From RationalWiki</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hulda_Regehr_Clark.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/7/75/Hulda_Regehr_Clark.png/165px-Hulda_Regehr_Clark.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="245" class="thumbimage" srcset="/w/images/thumb/7/75/Hulda_Regehr_Clark.png/248px-Hulda_Regehr_Clark.png 1.5x, /w/images/7/75/Hulda_Regehr_Clark.png 2x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="385" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Hulda_Regehr_Clark.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Clark in 1995</div></div></div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #d4aa00; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#d4aa00"><b>Against allopathy</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Alternative medicine</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ffeeaa;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medicine" title="Category:Alternative medicine"><img alt="Icon alt med alt.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/2/2e/Icon_alt_med_alt.svg/100px-Icon_alt_med_alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/2/2e/Icon_alt_med_alt.svg/150px-Icon_alt_med_alt.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/2/2e/Icon_alt_med_alt.svg/200px-Icon_alt_med_alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="195" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#d4aa00; text-align:center;"><b>Clinically unproven</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#ffeeaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proving_(homeopathy)" title="Proving (homeopathy)">Proving (homeopathy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-Based_Medicine" title="Science-Based Medicine">Science-Based Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PH_woo" title="PH woo">PH woo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalar_wave" title="Scalar wave">Scalar wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helminthic_therapy" title="Helminthic therapy">Helminthic therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#d4aa00; text-align:center;"><b>Woo-meisters</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#ffeeaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeopaths_Without_Borders" title="Homeopaths Without Borders">Homeopaths Without Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield" title="Andrew Wakefield">Andrew Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Hovind" title="Kent Hovind">Kent Hovind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jethro_Kloss" title="Jethro Kloss">Jethro Kloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PETA" title="PETA">PETA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dore" title="Jimmy Dore">Jimmy Dore</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Altmed" title="Template:Altmed">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Altmed" title="Template talk:Altmed">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Altmed&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hulda Regehr Clark</b> (1928–2009) was an author who wrote several books on <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a>. Clark received a doctoral degree in zoology from the University of Minnesota in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:67</sup> Many of <a href="/wiki/Woman" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman">her</a> views advanced the <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscientific</a> claim that all maladies, from <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> to <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">HIV</a>, are actually caused by <a href="/wiki/Parasite" title="Parasite">parasites</a>. Predictably, these parasites could be flushed from one's body by purchasing and using the costly <a href="/wiki/Herbal_supplement" title="Herbal supplement">herbs</a> and electronic devices that were also, as it happened, marketed by Clark. </p><p>One of these products, the Zapper, is a machine designed to send a low-voltage current through the body (read: give you a slight electric shock) in the hope of killing all of the hidden nasties that Clark insisted make people sick. It caused serious arrhythmia when used by a patient with a cardiac pacemaker.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> </p><p>Ms. Clark ran several clinics in the US until the US Trade Commission began to look into her activities including several complaints about illness and death associated with her products, thus inspiring her to move to the sunny land of Tijuana, free from all those legal hassles. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Death"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Death</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#The_Zapper_lives_on"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">The Zapper lives on</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Death">Death</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Hulda Clark died on September 3, 2009. According to her own website, she died of complications from a spinal cord injury, but a copy of her death certificate lists the causes as anaemia and hypercalcemia with multiple myeloma (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>) <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">as a contributing factor</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Zapper_lives_on">The Zapper lives on</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Zapper lives on">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>After the death of Hulda Clark, her business was taken up by her son Geoffrey Clark, who continues to promote the Zapper relentlessly, primarily through the Self Health Resource Center.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> Tim Bolen, Hulda's publicist,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> was also involved in continuing the Zapper legacy until he ran into a bit of tax trouble.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Precision_Herbs" title="Precision Herbs">Precision Herbs‎</a> also continues to manufacture a range of different bogus zappers that the <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a> attempted to seize due to their being considered unapproved medical devices.<sup id="cite_ref-fda2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda2-8">[8]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_P._Amrein" title="David P. Amrein">David P. Amrein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgellons_disease" title="Morgellons disease">Morgellons disease</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulda_Clark" class="extiw" title="wp:Hulda Clark" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Hulda_Clark">Hulda Regehr Clark</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> on Wikipedia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDdLNNqIFJo">Extended video analysis</a> of Clark's claims by ExtantDodo on YouTube</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Cancer/clark.html">Quackwatch - The Bizarre Claims of Hulda Clark</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casewatch.org/ftc/enforcements/amrein/consent.shtml">Casewatch - Hulda Clark Associate Barred from Making False Claims about "Zappers" and Other Products</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cancerguide.org/lsmith_hulda.html">CancerGuide - Quacky Mexican Clinics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drhuldaclark.org/">Dr Hulda Clark</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2009/09/requiem_for_a_quack.php">Science Blogs - Requiem for a Quack</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230448/https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/108493/1/RegisterOfPhD_1966.pdf">Register of Ph.D. Degrees Conferred by the University of Minnesota, July 1956 through June 1966</a> <i>University of Minnesota</i> (archived from October 4, 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Furrer M, Naegeli B, Bertel O. <i>Hazards of an alternative medicine device in a patient with a pacemaker</i> New England Journal of Medicine, 2004 April 15;350(16):1688-90. PMID: 15084709.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.drclarkstore.com/">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.drclarkstore.com/about-us/">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.quackwatch.org/11Ind/bolen.html">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://quackfiles.blogspot.com/2005/01/hulda-clark-tim-bolen-birds-of-feather.html">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ratbags.com/rsoles/history/2010/09september.htm#11bolen">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fda2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fda2_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/2011/ucm286798.htm">Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations: Precision Herbs, LLC 12/1/11</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&oldid=2613578">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&oldid=2613578</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medicine" title="Category:Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medicine_promoters" title="Category:Alternative medicine promoters">Alternative medicine promoters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biologists" title="Category:Biologists">Biologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadians" title="Category:Canadians">Canadians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cancer_woo" title="Category:Cancer woo">Cancer woo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Woo-meisters" title="Category:Woo-meisters">Woo-meisters</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_DynamicPageList_parser_function" title="Category:Pages using DynamicPageList parser function">Pages using DynamicPageList parser function</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head">  <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label"> <span>Personal tools</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-anonuserpage">Not logged in</li><li id="pt-anontalk"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hulda+Clark" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hulda+Clark" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation">  <nav id="p-namespaces" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label"> <span>Namespaces</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><a href="/wiki/Hulda_Clark" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Page</a></li><li id="ca-talk"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hulda_Clark" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-variants" class="vector-menu-empty emptyPortlet vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown vectorMenu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" class="vector-menu-checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" /> <h3 id="p-variants-label"> <span>Variants</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="menu vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation">  <nav id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-views-label"> <span>Views</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-view" class="collapsible selected"><a href="/wiki/Hulda_Clark">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">Fossil record</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu-empty emptyPortlet vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown vectorMenu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" class="vector-menu-checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" /> <h3 id="p-cactions-label"> <span>More</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="menu vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search"> <h3 > <label for="searchInput">Search</label> </h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform"> <div id="simpleSearch"> <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search RationalWiki" title="Search RationalWiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"/> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search" title="Search the pages for this text" id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton"/> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a title="Visit the main page" class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page"></a> </div>  <nav id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal portal-first" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label"> <span>Navigation</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-randompage"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random mainspace article [x]" accesskey="x">Random page</a></li><li id="n-New-pages"><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPages">New pages</a></li><li id="n-All-logs"><a href="/wiki/Special:Log">All logs</a></li><li id="n-help"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="RTFM">Help</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-support" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-support-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-support-label"> <span>Support</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Donate"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Site_support">Donate</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-community" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-community-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-community-label"> <span>Community</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Saloon-bar"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Saloon_bar">Saloon bar</a></li><li id="n-To-do-list"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:To_do_list">To do list</a></li><li id="n-What-is-going-on.3F"><a href="/wiki/WIGO">What is going on?</a></li><li id="n-Best-of-RationalWiki"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Contents">Best of RationalWiki</a></li><li id="n-About-RationalWiki"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki">About RationalWiki</a></li><li id="n-Technical-support"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Technical_support">Technical support</a></li><li id="n-Mod-noticeboard"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki_talk:All_things_in_moderation">Mod noticeboard</a></li><li id="n-RMF-noticeboard"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki_talk:RationalMedia_Foundation">RMF noticeboard</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-Social media" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-Social media-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-Social media-label"> <span>Social media</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/RationalWiki" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></li><li id="n-Facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Rationalwiki/226614404019306" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></li><li id="n-Discord"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Discord">Discord</a></li><li id="n-Reddit"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Reddit">Reddit</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-tb" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-tb-label"> <span>Tools</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hulda_Clark" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hulda_Clark" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li><li id="t-permalink"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&oldid=2613578" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulda_Clark&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li></ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo" > <ul id="footer-info" > <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 January 2024, at 20:56.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all content licensed as indicated by <a name="Copyright" href="//rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyrights">RationalWiki:Copyrights</a>. <br> For concerns on copyright infringement please see: <a name="Copyright infringement" href="//rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyright_violations">RationalWiki:Copyright violations</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" > <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Privacy_policy" title="RationalWiki:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:About" class="mw-redirect" title="RationalWiki:About">About RationalWiki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:General_disclaimer" title="RationalWiki:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"><img src="/w/88x31.png" alt="CC-BY-SA 3.0, or any later version" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li> </ul> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.050","walltime":"0.082","ppvisitednodes":{"value":324,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":5028,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1163,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":40},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":100},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3108,"limit":5000000},"timingprofile":["100.00% 58.871 1 -total"," 73.27% 43.136 1 Template:Altmed"," 68.93% 40.578 1 Template:Navsidebar"," 57.77% 34.007 2 Template:Randomarticles"," 23.18% 13.646 1 Template:Navsidebar2"," 8.39% 4.937 1 Template:Reflist"," 4.16% 2.452 1 Template:Wpl"," 4.12% 2.425 1 Template:Vte"," 4.04% 2.380 1 Template:Rp"," 3.35% 1.974 1 Template:Lived"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"apache5","timestamp":"20241204010354","ttl":86400,"transientcontent":false}}});mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":143,"wgHostname":"apache5"});});</script></body></html>