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Muhamad</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Suriyani Muhamad"> <meta name="keywords" content="Suriyani Muhamad"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Suriyani Muhamad"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 64</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Suriyani Muhamad</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Combating Illegal Logging in Malaysia: Policies and Strategies under National Forestry Act (NFA) 1984</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nur%20Haniff%20Mohd%20Noor">Muhammad Nur Haniff Mohd Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rokiah%20Kadir"> Rokiah Kadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suriyani%20Muhamad"> Suriyani Muhamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The National Forestry Act (NFA) 1984 is the primary forest law that regulates forest-related activities in Peninsular Malaysia. In the 1990s, abundance of illegal logging cases have called for legislative reform of the NFA 1984. As a result, NFA 1984 was amended in 1993 with the principal goal of controlling illegal forest encroachment in the forms of illegal logging, unauthorized harvesting, unlicensed forest settlement and other forms of unlawful activities. At a conceptual level, this paper discusses the policies and strategies implemented under the NFA 1984 (Amendment 1993) that are dedicated to overcome illegal logging. Then, the policies and strategies employed are reviewed and evaluated. Next, this paper conceptually discusses the loopholes of NFA 1984 (Amendment 1993) in relation to aspects where the regulation is considered insufficient to curb illegal logging. In the final section, vital actions and suggested improvements to improve the overall effectiveness of NFA 1984 (Amendment 1993) are examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20law%20and%20regulation" title="forest law and regulation">forest law and regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20logging" title=" illegal logging"> illegal logging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=National%20Forestry%20Act%201984" title=" National Forestry Act 1984"> National Forestry Act 1984</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NFA%201984" title=" NFA 1984"> NFA 1984</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amendment%201993" title=" Amendment 1993"> Amendment 1993</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peninsular%20Malaysia" title=" Peninsular Malaysia"> Peninsular Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88446/combating-illegal-logging-in-malaysia-policies-and-strategies-under-national-forestry-act-nfa-1984" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Towards Islamic Sustainable Consumption: Micro Evidence from Muslim Household in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noorhaslinda%20Kulub%20Abd.%20Rashid">Noorhaslinda Kulub Abd. Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuraini%20Anang"> Zuraini Anang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayu%20Taufiq%20Possumah"> Bayu Taufiq Possumah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suriyani%20Muhamad"> Suriyani Muhamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fauziah%20Abu%20Hasan"> Fauziah Abu Hasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hairunnizam%20Wahid"> Hairunnizam Wahid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reality of Malaysian lives today, especially the households, are not exempted from using a variety of good products and services that are particularly materialistic. In fact, the pace and sophistication of the technology is seen as a major catalyst to the pattern of community life. In facing the challenges of the current economy, the key role to be played by household is managing the pattern of expenditure, income and loan debts regularly and blessed by Allah. Unfortunately, the world today is witnessing the average household could owe solely to meet their needs with existing spending limits. This study aims to measure the ‘Religious Index of Household Expenditure’ (IKM) and analyze how far the religious influence to the pattern of household expenditure based on the 441 Muslim households. The results showed only a 5-item spending, food, housing, transportation, education, and recreation and entertainment that has a significant relationship with IKM. Therefore, Islamic consumer education is a must to establish sustainable consumptions in order to speed up the internalization of sustainable lifestyle among Malaysians. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%98Religious%20Index%20of%20Household%20Expenditure%E2%80%99%20%28IKM%29" title="‘Religious Index of Household Expenditure’ (IKM)">‘Religious Index of Household Expenditure’ (IKM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income" title=" income"> income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20consumptions" title=" sustainable consumptions"> sustainable consumptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20expenditure" title=" household expenditure"> household expenditure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57893/towards-islamic-sustainable-consumption-micro-evidence-from-muslim-household-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Enforcement against Illegal Logging: Issues and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nur%20Haniff%20Mohd%20Noor">Muhammad Nur Haniff Mohd Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rokiah%20Kadir"> Rokiah Kadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suriyani%20Muhamad"> Suriyani Muhamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable forest management and forest protection can be hampered by illegal logging. Illegal logging is not uncommon in many wood-producing countries. Hence, law enforcement, especially in timber-producing countries, is crucial in ensuring compliance with forestry related regulations, as well as confirming that all parties obey the rules and regulations prescribed by the authorities. However, enforcement officers are encountering various challenges and difficulties which have undermined the enforcement capacity and efficiency. The appropriate policy responses for these issues are important to resolve the problems in the long term and empowering enforcement capacity to meet future challenges of forest law enforcement. This paper is written according to extensive review of the articles and publications by The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), Chatham House and The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Subsequently, various books and journal articles are reviewed to gain further insight towards enforcement issues and challenges. This paper identifies several issues which consist of (1) insufficient enforcement capacity and resources (2) lack of coordination between various enforcement agencies, (3) corruption in the government and private sectors and (4) unclear legal frameworks related to the forestry sector. Next, this paper discusses appropriate policy responses to address each enforcement challenges according to various publications. This includes specific reports concerning forest law enforcement published by international forestry-related organizations. Therefore, lack of resources, inadequate synchronization between agencies, corruption, and legal issues present challenges to enforcement officers in their daily routines. Recommendations regarding proper policy responses to overcome the issues are of great importance in assisting forest authorities in prioritizing their resources appropriately. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title="corruption">corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enforcement%20challenges" title=" enforcement challenges"> enforcement challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enforcement%20capacity" title=" enforcement capacity"> enforcement capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20law%20enforcement" title=" forest law enforcement"> forest law enforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insufficient%20agency%20coordination" title=" insufficient agency coordination"> insufficient agency coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legislative%20ambiguity" title=" legislative ambiguity"> legislative ambiguity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87975/enforcement-against-illegal-logging-issues-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Spectrophotometric Determination of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride by Coupling with Diazotized 2,4-Dinitroaniline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaiman%20Gafar%20Muhamad">Sulaiman Gafar Muhamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A rapid spectrophotometric method for the micro-determination of phenylephrine-HCl (PHE) has been developed. The proposed method involves the coupling of phenylephrine-HCl with diazotized 2,4-dinitroaniline in alkaline medium at λmax 455 nm. Under the present optimum condition, Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 1.0-20 μg/ml of PHE with molar absorptivity of 1.915 ×104 l. mol-1.cm-1, with a relative error of 0.015 and a relative standard deviation of 0.024%. The current method has been applied successfully to estimate phenylephrine-HCl in pharmaceutical preparations (nose drop and syrup). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diazo-coupling" title="diazo-coupling">diazo-coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2" title=" 2"> 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-dinitroaniline" title="4-dinitroaniline">4-dinitroaniline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenylephrine-HCl" title=" phenylephrine-HCl"> phenylephrine-HCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrophotometry" title=" spectrophotometry"> spectrophotometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53006/spectrophotometric-determination-of-phenylephrine-hydrochloride-by-coupling-with-diazotized-24-dinitroaniline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Semiconductor Supported Gold Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of Rhodamine B</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Alshammari">Ahmad Alshammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulaziz%20Bagabas"> Abdulaziz Bagabas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Assulami"> Muhamad Assulami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rhodamine B (RB) is a toxic dye used extensively in textile industry, which must be remediated before its drainage to the environment. In the present study, supported gold nanoparticles on commercially available titania and zincite were successfully prepared and then their activity on the photodegradation of RB under UV-A light irradiation were evaluated. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by ICP, BET, XRD, and TEM. Kinetic results showed that Au/TiO2 was an inferior photocatalyst to Au/ZnO. This observation could be attributed to the strong reflection of UV irradiation by gold nanoparticles over TiO2 support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supported%20AuNPs" title="supported AuNPs">supported AuNPs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor%20photocatalyst" title=" semiconductor photocatalyst"> semiconductor photocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodegradation" title=" photodegradation"> photodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhodamine%20B" title=" rhodamine B "> rhodamine B </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20579/semiconductor-supported-gold-nanoparticles-for-photodegradation-of-rhodamine-b" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Exploring Students’ Self-Evaluation on Their Learning Outcomes through an Integrated Cumulative Grade Point Average Reporting Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suriyani%20Ariffin">Suriyani Ariffin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Aziah%20Alias"> Nor Aziah Alias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairil%20Iskandar%20Othman"> Khairil Iskandar Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haslinda%20Yusoff"> Haslinda Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An Integrated Cumulative Grade Point Average (iCGPA) is a mechanism and strategy to ensure the curriculum of an academic programme is constructively aligned to the expected learning outcomes and student performance based on the attainment of those learning outcomes that is reported objectively in a spider web. Much effort and time has been spent to develop a viable mechanism and trains academics to utilize the platform for reporting. The question is: How well do learners conceive the idea of their achievement via iCGPA and whether quality learner attributes have been nurtured through the iCGPA mechanism? This paper presents the architecture of an integrated CGPA mechanism purported to address a holistic evaluation from the evaluation of courses learning outcomes to aligned programme learning outcomes attainment. The paper then discusses the students’ understanding of the mechanism and evaluation of their achievement from the generated spider web. A set of questionnaires were distributed to a group of students with iCGPA reporting and frequency analysis was used to compare the perspectives of students on their performance. In addition, the questionnaire also explored how they conceive the idea of an integrated, holistic reporting and how it generates their motivation to improve. The iCGPA group was found to be receptive to what they have achieved throughout their study period. They agreed that the achievement level generated from their spider web allows them to develop intervention and enhance the programme learning outcomes before they graduate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20outcomes%20attainment" title="learning outcomes attainment">learning outcomes attainment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iCGPA" title=" iCGPA"> iCGPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programme%20learning%20outcomes" title=" programme learning outcomes"> programme learning outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spider%20web" title=" spider web"> spider web</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iCGPA%20reporting%20skills" title=" iCGPA reporting skills"> iCGPA reporting skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78843/exploring-students-self-evaluation-on-their-learning-outcomes-through-an-integrated-cumulative-grade-point-average-reporting-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Factors Affecting Employee Performance: A Case Study in Marketing and Trading Directorate, Pertamina Ltd.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saptiadi%20Nugroho">Saptiadi Nugroho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nur%20Muhamad%20Afif"> A. Nur Muhamad Afif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding factors that influence employee performance is very important. By finding the significant factors, organization could intervene to improve the employee performance that simultaneously will affect organization itself. In this research, four aspects consist of PCCD training, education level, corrective action, and work location were tested to identify their influence on employee performance. By using correlation analysis and T-Test, it was found that employee performance significantly influenced by PCCD training, work location, and corrective action. Meanwhile the education level did not influence employee performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20development" title="employee development">employee development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20performance" title=" employee performance"> employee performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20management%20system" title=" performance management system"> performance management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organization" title=" organization"> organization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6460/factors-affecting-employee-performance-a-case-study-in-marketing-and-trading-directorate-pertamina-ltd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Contemporary Visual Art and Shariah: A Conceptual Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishak%20Ramli">Ishak Ramli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Noorman%20Masrek"> Mohamad Noorman Masrek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Abdul%20Aziz%20Ab%20Gani"> Muhamad Abdul Aziz Ab Gani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Islam places restrictions and limitation to the creation and ownership of visual art. Not all forms of visual arts are permissible in Islam. However, guidance on the creation and ownership of visual arts is not made plain and clear not only to the Islamic followers but also to the art community. Given this gap, this study attempts to develop a conceptual framework that will guide artist and art collectors on what constitute to valid and acceptable through the Islamic perspective. Based on this framework, several research checklist are proposed. It is highly useful especially for the researchers who are interested to study the topic. Qualitative research is the best choice to test run the paper work to attempt all the checklist which are formed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20visual%20art" title="contemporary visual art">contemporary visual art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shariah" title=" Shariah"> Shariah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20framework" title=" conceptual framework"> conceptual framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title=" Islam"> Islam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44579/contemporary-visual-art-and-shariah-a-conceptual-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Independent Village Planning Based Eco Village and Save Energy in Region of Maritime Tourism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Rasyid%20Angkotasan">Muhamad Rasyid Angkotasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eco-village is an ecosystem where the countryside or urban communities that are inside trying to integrate the social environment with low impact way of life to achieve this, they integrate the various aspects of ecological design, agriculture permanent, ecological building and the alternative energy. Eco-village in question is eco-village conducted on of marine tourism areas, where natural resources are very good, without ignoring the global issue of climate change. Desperately needed a source of energy, which can support the fulfillment of energy needs in a sustainable. Fulfillment of energy sources that offer is the use or application of environmentally friendly technologies of usage is still very low in Indonesia, the technology namely the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), OTEC is expected to be a source of the alternative energy, which can support the goal of eco-village of the region's of marine tourism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco%20village" title="eco village">eco village</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saving%20energy" title=" saving energy"> saving energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20thermal%20energy%20conversion" title=" ocean thermal energy conversion"> ocean thermal energy conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20engineering" title=" environmental engineering"> environmental engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24705/independent-village-planning-based-eco-village-and-save-energy-in-region-of-maritime-tourism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Alternative Mathematical form for Determining the Effectiveness of High-LET Radiations at Lower Doses Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubaker%20A.%20Yousif">Abubaker A. Yousif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20S.%20Yasir"> Muhamad S. Yasir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Effectiveness of lower doses of high-LET radiations is not accurately determined by using energy-based physical parameters such as absorbed dose and radio-sensitivity parameters. Therefore, an attempt has been carried out in this research to propose alternative parameter that capable to quantify the effectiveness of these high LET radiations at lower doses regions. The linear energy transfer and mean free path are employed to achieve this objective. A new mathematical form of the effectiveness of high-LET radiations at lower doses region has been formulated. Based on this parameter, the optimized effectiveness of high-LET radiations occurs when the energy of charged particles is deposited at spacing of 2 nm for primary ionization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness" title="effectiveness">effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20dose" title=" low dose"> low dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20mean%20free%20path" title=" radiation mean free path"> radiation mean free path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20energy%20transfer" title=" linear energy transfer"> linear energy transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15454/alternative-mathematical-form-for-determining-the-effectiveness-of-high-let-radiations-at-lower-doses-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> IoT: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashir%20Abdu%20Muzakkari">Bashir Abdu Muzakkari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Umar%20Sulaiman"> Aisha Umar Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Afendee%20Muhamad"> Mohamed Afendee Muhamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanah%20Abdullahi%20Muaz"> Sanah Abdullahi Muaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of the Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly expanding and has the potential to completely change how we work, live, and interact with the world. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the term used to describe a network of networked physical objects, including machinery, vehicles, and buildings, which are equipped with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of IoT, including its definition, key components, development history, and current applications. The paper will also discuss the challenges and opportunities presented by IoT, as well as its potential impact on various industries, such as healthcare, agriculture, and transportation. In addition, this paper will highlight the ethical and security concerns associated with IoT and the need for effective solutions to address these challenges. The paper concludes by highlighting the prospects of IoT and the directions for future research in this field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title="internet of things">internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170950/iot-state-of-the-art-and-future-directions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Issues on Determination of Accurate Fajr and Dhuha Prayer Times According to Fiqh and Astronomical Perspectives in Malaysia: A Bibliography Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raihana%20Abdul%20Wahab">Raihana Abdul Wahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norihan%20Kadir"> Norihan Kadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Hazwan%20Mustafa"> Muhamad Hazwan Mustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The determination of accurate times for Fajr and Dhuha prayers in Malaysia is faced with issues of differing views in the fixation of the parameters of the sun’s altitude used in the calculation of astronomy, especially in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to identify issues and problems in the methods used in determining the accurate times for both these prayers through a literature review of previous research studies. The results show the need to review the parameters of sun altitude used in calculating prayer times for both these prayers through observations in changes in the brightness of the early morning light for distinguish of true dawn and false dawn for the Fajr prayers and the length of the shadow for Dhuha payer by collecting data from all the states throughout Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fajr" title="fajr">fajr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhuha" title=" Dhuha"> Dhuha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sky%20brightness" title=" sky brightness"> sky brightness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=length%20of%20shadows" title=" length of shadows"> length of shadows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=astronomy" title=" astronomy"> astronomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20jurisprudence" title=" Islamic jurisprudence"> Islamic jurisprudence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53844/issues-on-determination-of-accurate-fajr-and-dhuha-prayer-times-according-to-fiqh-and-astronomical-perspectives-in-malaysia-a-bibliography-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Determining Water Infiltration Zone Using 2-D Resistivity Imaging Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azim%20Hilmy%20Mohamad%20Yusof">Azim Hilmy Mohamad Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Iqbal%20Mubarak%20Faharul%20Azman"> Muhamad Iqbal Mubarak Faharul Azman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Azwin%20Ismail"> Nur Azwin Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noer%20El%20Hidayah%20Ismail"> Noer El Hidayah Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infiltration is the process by which precipitation or water soaks into subsurface soils and moves into rocks through cracks and pore spaces. This paper explains how the water infiltration will be identified using 2-D resistivity imaging. Padang Minden, in Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang has been chosen as the survey area during this study. The study area consists of microcline granite with grain size of medium to coarse. 2-D Resistivity Imaging survey is used to detect subsurface layer for many years by making measurements on the ground surface. The result shows that resistivity value of 0.015 Ωm - 10 Ωm represent the salt water intrusion zone while the resistivity value of 11 Ωm - 100 Ωm is suggested as the boundary zone between the salt water intrusion zone and low saturated zone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2-D%20resistivity%20imaging" title="2-D resistivity imaging">2-D resistivity imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcline%20granite" title=" microcline granite"> microcline granite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20water%20intrusion" title=" salt water intrusion"> salt water intrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20infiltration" title=" water infiltration"> water infiltration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62800/determining-water-infiltration-zone-using-2-d-resistivity-imaging-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Evaluation of Non-Destructive Application to Detect Pesticide Residue on Leaf Mustard Using Spectroscopic Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazmi%20Mat%20Nawi">Nazmi Mat Nawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Najib%20Mohamad%20Nor"> Muhamad Najib Mohamad Nor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Che%20Dini%20Maryani%20Ishkandar"> Che Dini Maryani Ishkandar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to evaluate the capability of spectroscopic methods to detect the presence of pesticide residues on leaf mustard. A total of 105 leaf mustard used were divided into five batches, four batches were treated with four different types of pesticides whereas one batch with no pesticide applied. Spectral data were obtained using visible shortwave near infrared spectrometer (VSWNIRS) which is Ocean Optics HR4000 High-resolution Miniature Fiber Optic Spectrometer. Reflectance value was collected to determine the difference between one pesticide to the other. The obtained spectral data were pre-processed for optimum performance. The effective wavelength of approximate 880 nm, 675-710 nm also 550 and 700 nm indicates the overtones -CH stretching vibration, tannin, also chlorophyll content present in the leaf mustard respectively. This study has successfully demonstrated that the spectroscopic method was able to differentiate between leaf mustard sample with and without pesticide residue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detect" title="detect">detect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20mustard" title=" leaf mustard"> leaf mustard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive" title=" non-destructive"> non-destructive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide%20residue" title=" pesticide residue"> pesticide residue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68852/evaluation-of-non-destructive-application-to-detect-pesticide-residue-on-leaf-mustard-using-spectroscopic-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Achieving Sustainable Rapid Construction Using Lean Principles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Azani%20Yahya">Muhamad Azani Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikneswaran%20Munikanan"> Vikneswaran Munikanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alias%20Yusof"> Mohammed Alias Yusof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is the need to take the holistic approach in achieving sustainable construction for a contemporary practice. Sustainable construction is the practice that involved method of human preservation of the environment, whether economically or socially through responsibility, management of resources and maintenance utilizing support. This paper shows the correlation of achieving rapid construction with sustainable concepts using lean principles. Lean principles being used widely in the manufacturing industry, but this research will demonstrate the principles into building construction. Lean principle offers the benefits of stabilizing work flow and elimination of unnecessary work. Therefore, this principle contributes to time and waste reduction. The correlation shows that pulling factor provides the improvement of progress curve and stabilizing the time-quality relation. The finding shows the lean principles offer the elements of rapid construction synchronized with the elements of sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20construction" title="sustainable construction">sustainable construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20construction" title=" rapid construction"> rapid construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20reduction" title=" time reduction"> time reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20construction" title=" lean construction"> lean construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58597/achieving-sustainable-rapid-construction-using-lean-principles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> The Implementation of Character Education in Code Riverbanks, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulil%20Afidah">Ulil Afidah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Fathan%20Mubin"> Muhamad Fathan Mubin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firdha%20Aulia"> Firdha Aulia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Code riverbanks Yogyakarta is a settlement area with middle to lower social classes. Socio-economic situation is affecting the behavior of society. This research aimed to find and explain the implementation and the assessment of character education which were done in elementary schools in Code riverside, Yogyakarta region of Indonesia. This research is a qualitative research which the subjects were the kids of Code riverbanks, Yogyakarta. The data were collected through interviews and document studies and analyzed qualitatively using the technique of interactive analysis model of Miles and Huberman. The results show that: (1) The learning process of character education was done by integrating all aspects such as democratic and interactive learning session also introducing role model to the students. 2) The assessment of character education was done by teacher based on teaching and learning process and an activity in outside the classroom that was the criterion on three aspects: Cognitive, affective and psychomotor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=character" title="character">character</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Code%20riverbanks" title=" Code riverbanks"> Code riverbanks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogyakarta" title=" Yogyakarta"> Yogyakarta</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63268/the-implementation-of-character-education-in-code-riverbanks-special-region-of-yogyakarta-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> New Media and Its Role in Shaping the 'Bersih Movement' in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosyidah%20Muhamad">Rosyidah Muhamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New media is facilitating collective action in ways never thought possible. Although the broader political climate may have a powerful influence on the success or failure of emerging social movement organizations, the Internet is enabling groups previously incapable of political action to find their voices Whether this shift is offering greater relative benefit to previously underrepresented or incumbent political fixtures is subject to debate, but it is clear that like-minded people are now able to better locate and converse with each other via many Internet. The recent social movement in Malaysia – the BERSIH Movement had attracted demonstrators from countries all over the world. The movement with an unforeseen mixture of nationalities became world news. Interestingly, the new media seemed to play a crucial role in the organization of the protests around the world. This article maps this movement via an analysis of their websites. It examines the contribution of these websites based on the collective identity, actual mobilization and a network of organizations. This research indicates signs of an integration of different organizations that contributed to an important role of the new media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bersih%20Movement" title="Bersih Movement">Bersih Movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysian%20politics" title=" Malaysian politics"> Malaysian politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20media" title=" new media"> new media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20movement" title=" social movement "> social movement </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44735/new-media-and-its-role-in-shaping-the-bersih-movement-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Characterization of Banana (Musa spp.) Pseudo-Stem and Fruit-Bunch-Stem as a Potential Renewable Energy Resource</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurhayati%20Abdullah">Nurhayati Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fauziah%20Sulaiman"> Fauziah Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Azman%20Miskam"> Muhamad Azman Miskam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmad%20Mohd%20Taib"> Rahmad Mohd Taib </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Banana pseudo-stem and fruit-bunch-stem are agricultural residues that can be used for conversion to bio-char, bio-oil, and gases by using thermochemical process. The aim of this work is to characterize banana pseudo-stem and banana fruit-bunch-stem through proximate analysis, elemental analysis, chemical analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and heating calorific value. The ash contents of the banana pseudo-stem and banana fruit-bunch-stem are 11.0 mf wt.% and 20.6 mf wt.%; while the carbon content of banana pseudo-stem and fruit-bunch-stem are 37.9 mf wt.% and 35.58 mf wt.% respectively. The molecular formulas for banana stem and banana fruit-bunch-stem are C24H33NO26 and C19H29NO33 respectively. The measured higher heating values of banana pseudo-stem and banana fruit-bunch-stem are 15.5MJ/kg and 12.7 MJ/kg respectively. By chemical analysis, the lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents in the samples will also be presented. The feasibility of the banana wastes to be a feedstock for thermochemical process in comparison with other biomass will be discussed in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banana%20waste" title="banana waste">banana waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-chemical%20characteristics" title=" thermo-chemical characteristics"> thermo-chemical characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6876/characterization-of-banana-musa-spp-pseudo-stem-and-fruit-bunch-stem-as-a-potential-renewable-energy-resource" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Measuring Parliamentarian: Towards Analysing Members of Parliaments in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosyidah%20Muhamad">Rosyidah Muhamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Democracies are premised on the idea that citizens can hold their leaders accountable for their actions by voting for or against them in regular elections. However, in order this ideal to be realized, citizens must possess a minimum amount of information about their leaders’ performance. Citizens should be made aware of the performance of their elected representatives. This study seeks to analyse this critical information with special reference to Malaysian Parliamentarians (MPs). We adopted several existence Parliamentary Performance model with special reference to their performance inside the parliament. Among indicators used by the Scholastic for analysing this performance are the number of bills proposed by parliamentarian, the number of proposals that would benefit their constituency, the number of speeches made by the parliamentarian during plenary and the percentage of laws passed among the proposals made by certain parliamentary. The broad goals of the study include the analysis of the capacity of a representative body to accommodate the diverse claims and demands that are made on it. We find that overall performances of MPs are average. This is due to not only the background characteristic of individuals MPs but also the limitation of the mechanism provides in the Parliament itself. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=member%20of%20parliament" title="member of parliament">member of parliament</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50017/measuring-parliamentarian-towards-analysing-members-of-parliaments-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> The Use of Gelatin in Biomedical Engineering: Halal Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syazwani%20Ramli">Syazwani Ramli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhidayu%20Muhamad%20Zain"> Norhidayu Muhamad Zain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the use of gelatin as biomaterials in tissue engineering are evolving especially in skin graft and wound dressing applications. Towards year 2018, Malaysia is in the way of planning to get the halal certification for biomedical device in order to cater the needs of Muslims and non-Muslims in Malaysia. However, the use of gelatins in tissue engineering are mostly derived from non-halal sources. Currently, gelatin production mostly comes from mammalian gelatin sources. Moreover, within these past years, just a few studies of the uses of gelatin in tissue engineering from halal perspective has been studied. Thus, this paper aims to give overview of the use of gelatin from different sources from halal perspectives. This review also discussing the current status of halal for the emerging biomedical devices. In addition, the different sources of gelatin used in tissue engineering are being identified and provides better alternatives for halal gelatin. Cold- water fish skin gelatin could be an effective alternative to substitute the mammalian sources. Therefore, this review is important because the information about the halal biomedical devices will delighted Muslim consumers and give better insight of halal gelatin in tissue engineering application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20device" title="biomedical device">biomedical device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin" title=" gelatin"> gelatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halal" title=" halal"> halal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20graft" title=" skin graft"> skin graft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20engineering" title=" tissue engineering"> tissue engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85056/the-use-of-gelatin-in-biomedical-engineering-halal-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Windcatcher as Sustainable Solution for Natural Ventilation in Hot Arid Regions: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payam%20Nejat">Payam Nejat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Jomehzadeh"> Fatemeh Jomehzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Zaimi%20Abd.%20Majid"> Muhamad Zaimi Abd. Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd.Badruddin%20Yusof"> Mohd.Badruddin Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasrul%20Haidar%20Ismail"> Hasrul Haidar Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, building energy consumption has become an international issue especially in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia 14% of total final energy consumption is utilized in the building sector. Due to hot arid climate, 60% of total building energy consumption in this country is associated with cooling systems. In addition in 2011, this country was one of top ten CO2 emitting countries which illustrate the significance of renewable resources to sustaining the energy consumption. Wind as an important renewable energy can play a prominent role to supply natural ventilation inside the building and windcatcher as a traditional technique can be implemented for this purpose. In this paper the different types of windcatchers, its performance and function was reviewed. It can be concluded due high temperature and low humidity in most area of Saudi Arabia this technique can be successfully be employed and help to reduce fossil energy consumption and related CO2 emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title="natural ventilation">natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=windcatcher" title=" windcatcher"> windcatcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind" title=" wind"> wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=badgir" title=" badgir "> badgir </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14268/windcatcher-as-sustainable-solution-for-natural-ventilation-in-hot-arid-regions-a-case-study-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">593</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Validity and Reliability of Competency Assessment Implementation (CAI) Instrument Using Rasch Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurfirdawati%20Muhamad%20Hanafi">Nurfirdawati Muhamad Hanafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azmanirah%20Ab%20Rahman"> Azmanirah Ab Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20Ibrahim%20Mukhtar"> Marina Ibrahim Mukhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamil%20Ahmad"> Jamil Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarebah%20Warman"> Sarebah Warman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to generate empirical evidence on validity and reliability of the item of Competency Assessment Implementation (CAI) Instrument using Rasch Model for polythomous data aided by Winstep software version 3.68. The construct validity was examined by analyzing the point-measure correlation index (PTMEA), in fit and outfit MNSQ values; meanwhile the reliability was examined by analyzing item reliability index. A survey technique was used as the major method with the CAI instrument on 156 teachers from vocational schools. The results have shown that the reliability of CAI Instrument items were between 0.80 and 0.98. PTMEA Correlation is in positive values, in which the item is able to distinguish between the ability of the respondent. Statistical data obtained shows that out of 154 items, 12 items from the instrument suggested to be omitted. This study is hoped could bring a new direction to the process of data analysis in educational research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competency%20assessment" title="competency assessment">competency assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=item%20analysis" title=" item analysis"> item analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4060/validity-and-reliability-of-competency-assessment-implementation-cai-instrument-using-rasch-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> The Islamic Advertising Standardisation Revisited of Food Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurzahidah%20Haji%20Jaapar">Nurzahidah Haji Jaapar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anis%20Husna%20%20Abdul%20Halim"> Anis Husna Abdul Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Faiz%20%20Mohamed%20Yusof"> Mohd Faiz Mohamed Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Dani%20%20Muhamad"> Mohd Dani Muhamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharifah%20Fadylawaty%20%20Syed%20Abdullah"> Sharifah Fadylawaty Syed Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing size of Muslim is recognised with significant increasing of purchasing power in the market. The realm of trade and business has embedded religious values as the new market segments are emerging in offering food products to meet needs and demands of Muslim consumer. The emergence of new market in food industry, advertising is charged with all sort of negative effects includes promoting controversial unsafety and harmful products, wasteful spending and exploiting women and kids. Therefore, this research attempts to examine between previous examinations of advertising standardisation in ancient era and current practices in the market. This paper is based on content analysis of the literature. The results show that there are a bridge gap between the implementation of practices as the advent in industrial 4.0 in using digital advertising by food industry. Thus, this paper is able to recognize the differences between two era and significant in determining the best practices in advertising by following Islamic principles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20advertising" title="Islamic advertising">Islamic advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unethical%20advertising" title=" unethical advertising"> unethical advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20advertising" title=" ethical advertising"> ethical advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20principles" title=" Islamic principles "> Islamic principles </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129150/the-islamic-advertising-standardisation-revisited-of-food-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Species Diversity of Some Remarkable New Records of Lichens from Chwarta District, Kurdistan Region of Iraq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Abdulla%20Salih">Salah Abdulla Salih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Sohrabi"> Muhamad Sohrabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to study the species, morphology, habitats and geographical distribution of new records of lichens from the Chwarta districts Kurdistan Region of Iraq from September 2022 to June 2023. As a result of the survey in the different locations belonging to the district, found that there are eleven species of lichens are reported from Iraq for the first time. Of these, the taxa of Lecanora thallophila H. Magn is the first species of parasitic lichen reported from Iraq, including the newly recorded genus of lichen Acarospora A.Massal. The lichenized fungi are Acarospora bullata Anzi., Acarospora laqueata Stizenb., Acarospora umbilicata Bagl., Acrocordia gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal., Squamulea subsoluta (Nyl.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén., Coppinsiella ulcerosa (Coppins & P.James) S.Y.Kondr. & L.Lőkös., Myriolecis flowersiana (H. Magn.) Śliwa, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch., Megaspora rimisorediata Valadbeigi & A. Nordin sp. nov., Physcia subtilis Degel., Polycauliona polycarpa (Hoffm.) Frödén, Arup, & Søchting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apothecia" title="apothecia">apothecia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lichen%20species" title=" lichen species"> lichen species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20records" title=" new records"> new records</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurdistan%20region" title=" Kurdistan region"> Kurdistan region</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171955/species-diversity-of-some-remarkable-new-records-of-lichens-from-chwarta-district-kurdistan-region-of-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Awareness of Genetically Modified Products Among Malaysian Consumers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Afiq%20Faisal">Muhamad Afiq Faisal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahaya"> Yahaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Faizal"> Mohd Faizal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamzah"> Hamzah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Genetic modification technology allows scientists to alter the genetic information of a particular organism. The technology allows the production of genetically modified organism (GMO) that has the enhanced property compared to the unmodified organism. The application of such technology is not only in agriculture industry, it is now has been applied extensively in biopharmaceutical industry such as transgenic vaccines. In Malaysia, Biosafety Act 2007 has been enacted in which all GMO-based products must be labeled with adequate information before being marketed. This paper aims to determine the awareness level amongst Malaysian consumers on the GM products available in the market and the efficiency of information supplied in the GM product labeling. The result of the survey will serve as a guideline for Malaysia government agency bodies to provide comprehensive yet efficient information to consumers for the purpose of GM product labeling in the near future. In conclusion, the efficiency of information delivery plays a vital role in ensuring that the information is being conveyed clearly to Malaysian consumers during the selection process of GM products available in the market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20modification%20technology" title="genetic modification technology">genetic modification technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetically%20modified%20organisms" title=" genetically modified organisms"> genetically modified organisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetically%20modified%20organism%20products%20labeling" title=" genetically modified organism products labeling"> genetically modified organism products labeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biosafety%20Act%202007" title=" Biosafety Act 2007"> Biosafety Act 2007</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51825/awareness-of-genetically-modified-products-among-malaysian-consumers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Digital Twin Technology: A Solution for Remote Operation and Productivity Improvement During Covid-19 Era and Future</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Sahir%20Bin%20Ahmad%20Shatiry">Muhamad Sahir Bin Ahmad Shatiry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Normeza%20Wan%20Zakaria"> Wan Normeza Wan Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Zaki%20Hassan"> Mohamad Zaki Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pandemic Covid19 has significantly impacted the world; the spreading of the Covid19 virus initially from China has dramatically impacted the world's economy. Therefore, the world reacts with establishing the new way or norm in daily life. The rapid rise of the latest technology has been seen by introducing many technologies to ease human life to have a minor contract between humans and avoid spreading the virus Covid19. Digital twin technologies are one of the technologies created before the pandemic Covid19 but slow adoption in the industry. Throughout the Covid19, most of the companies in the world started to explore to use it. The digital twin technology provides the virtual platform to replicate the existing condition or setup for anything such as office, manufacturing line, factories' machine, building, and many more. This study investigates the effect on the economic perspective after the companies use the Digital Twin technology in the industry. To minimize the contact between humans and to have the ability to operate the system digitally remotely. In this study, the explanation of the digital twin technology impacts the world's microeconomic and macroeconomic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title="productivity">productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificially%20intelligence" title=" artificially intelligence"> artificially intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20twin" title=" digital twin"> digital twin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146588/digital-twin-technology-a-solution-for-remote-operation-and-productivity-improvement-during-covid-19-era-and-future" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> New Media and Deliberative Democracy in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosyidah%20Muhamad">Rosyidah Muhamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article seeks to access the democratic implication of new media in Malaysia through three important key points of deliberative democracy; information access, rational critical deliberation and mechanism of vertical accountability. The article suggests that the Internet is expanding political opportunity in which contributed to a more diverse discourse. It is depending on how users used it; for democratic or non-democratic outcome. The Internet has been a key instrument in exposing human rights abuse, corruption, organizing protests and mobilizing voters during election campaigns. It therefore pushes for transparency and accountability and thus increasing the rise of deliberative democracy in Malaysia. While there are some elements of an emerging deliberative politics, it is also clear that the Malaysian online political discourse is acting as moderate forms of discourse as the sphere increasingly exist in a chaotic and diversified online discourse. Yet, the online sphere still allows citizens to discuss public affairs. When the public opinion is strong enough, it can influence public policies to ensure that they reflect the public interest. It is suggesting an increased space of negotiation and contestation among the previously muzzled offline situation. This is a big step in the progress democracy in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keywords%3A%20New%20Media" title="Keywords: New Media">Keywords: New Media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratization" title=" democratization"> democratization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deliberative%20democracy" title=" deliberative democracy"> deliberative democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysian%20politics" title=" Malaysian politics"> Malaysian politics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7593/new-media-and-deliberative-democracy-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> The Role of Vocabulary in Reading Comprehension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Engku%20Haliza%20Engku%20Ibrahim">Engku Haliza Engku Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isarji%20Sarudin"> Isarji Sarudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ainon%20Jariah%20Muhamad"> Ainon Jariah Muhamad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is generally agreed that many factors contribute to one’s reading comprehension and there is consensus that vocabulary size one of the main factors. This study explores the relationship between second language learners’ vocabulary size and their reading comprehension scores. 130 Malay pre-university students of a public university participated in this study. They were students of an intensive English language programme doing preparatory English courses to pursue bachelors degree in English. A quantitative research method was employed based on the Vocabulary Levels Test by Nation (1990) and the reading comprehension score of the in-house English Proficiency Test. A review of the literature indicates that a somewhat positive correlation is to be expected though findings of this study can only be explicated once the final analysis has been carried out. This is an ongoing study and it is anticipated that results of this research will be finalized in the near future. The findings will help provide beneficial implications for the prediction of reading comprehension performance. It also has implications for the teaching of vocabulary in the ESL context. A better understanding of the relationship between vocabulary size and reading comprehension scores will enhance teachers’ and students’ awareness of the importance of vocabulary acquisition in the L2 classroom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary%20size" title="vocabulary size">vocabulary size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary%20learning" title=" vocabulary learning"> vocabulary learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20comprehension" title=" reading comprehension"> reading comprehension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESL" title=" ESL"> ESL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17236/the-role-of-vocabulary-in-reading-comprehension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Waterproofing Agent in Concrete for Tensile Improvement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Azani%20Yahya">Muhamad Azani Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umi%20Nadiah%20Nor%20Ali"> Umi Nadiah Nor Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alias%20Yusof"> Mohammed Alias Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norazman%20Mohamad%20Nor"> Norazman Mohamad Nor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikneswaran%20Munikanan"> Vikneswaran Munikanan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In construction, concrete is one of the materials that can commonly be used as for structural elements. Concrete consists of cement, sand, aggregate and water. Concrete can be added with admixture in the wet condition to suit the design purpose such as to prolong the setting time to improve workability. For strength improvement, concrete is being added with other hybrid materials to increase strength; this is because the tensile strength of concrete is very low in comparison to the compressive strength. This paper shows the usage of a waterproofing agent in concrete to enhance the tensile strength. High tensile concrete is expensive because the concrete mix needs fiber and also high cement content to be incorporated in the mix. High tensile concrete being used for structures that are being imposed by high impact dynamic load such as blast loading that hit the structure. High tensile concrete can be defined as a concrete mix design that achieved 30%-40% tensile strength compared to its compression strength. This research evaluates the usage of a waterproofing agent in a concrete mix as an element of reinforcement to enhance the tensile strength. According to the compression and tensile test, it shows that the concrete mix with a waterproofing agent enhanced the mechanical properties of the concrete. It is also show that the composite concrete with waterproofing is a high tensile concrete; this is because of the tensile is between 30% and 40% of the compression strength. This mix is economical because it can produce high tensile concrete with low cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20tensile%20concrete" title="high tensile concrete">high tensile concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterproofing%20agent" title=" waterproofing agent"> waterproofing agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheology" title=" rheology"> rheology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58331/waterproofing-agent-in-concrete-for-tensile-improvement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> The in vitro Effects of Various Immunomodulatory Nutritional Compounds on Antigen-Stimulated Whole-Blood Culture Cytokine Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayu%20S.%20Muhamad">Ayu S. Muhamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Gleeson"> Michael Gleeson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Immunomodulators are substances that alter immune system via dynamic regulation of messenger molecules. It can be divided into immunostimulant and immunosuppressant. It can help to increase immunity of people with a low immune system, and also can help to normalize an overactive immune system. Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of in vitro exposure to low and high doses of several immunomodulators which include caffeine, kaloba and quercetin on antigen-stimulated whole blood culture cytokine production. Whole blood samples were taken from 5 healthy males (age: 32 ± 12 years; weight: 75.7 ± 6.1 kg; BMI: 24.3 ± 1.5 kg/m2) following an overnight fast with no vigorous activity during the preceding 24 h. The whole blood was then stimulated with 50 µl of 100 x diluted Pediacel vaccine and low or high dose of immunomodulators in the culture plate. After 20 h incubation (5% CO2, 37°C), it was analysed using the Evidence Investigator to determine the production of cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-1α. Caffeine and quercetin showed a tendency towards decrease cytokine production as the doses were increased. On the other hand, an upward trend was evident with kaloba, where a high dose of kaloba seemed to increase the cytokine production. In conclusion, we found that caffeine and quercetin have potential as immunosuppressant and kaloba as immunostimulant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caffeine" title="caffeine">caffeine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokine" title=" cytokine"> cytokine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunomodulators" title=" immunomodulators"> immunomodulators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kaloba" title=" kaloba"> kaloba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quercetin" title=" quercetin"> quercetin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11601/the-in-vitro-effects-of-various-immunomodulatory-nutritional-compounds-on-antigen-stimulated-whole-blood-culture-cytokine-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suriyani%20Muhamad&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suriyani%20Muhamad&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suriyani%20Muhamad&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul 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