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mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> အညွှန်း </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="ဗဟိုစာမျက်နှာသို့ သွားရန် [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ဗဟိုစာမျက်နှာ</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="လက်ရှိ အဖြစ်အပျက်များမှ နောက်ခံ အချက်အလက်များကို ရှာရန်"><span>လက်ရှိဖြစ်ရပ်များ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဝီကီမှ လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ စာရင်း [r]" accesskey="r"><span>လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကျပန်းစာမျက်နှာ ပြရန် [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ကျပန်းစာမျက်နှာ</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8"><span>ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား အကြောင်း</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>ဆက်သွယ်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> 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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-my.svg" width="120" height="16" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားတွင် ရှာဖွေရန် [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ရှာဖွေရန်</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား တွင် ရှာဖွေရန်" aria-label="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား တွင် ရှာဖွေရန်" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားတွင် ရှာဖွေရန် [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="အထူး:ရှာဖွေရန်"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ရှာဖွေရန်</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=my.wikipedia.org&uselang=my" class=""><span>လှူဒါန်းမှု</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%96%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA+%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။" class=""><span>အကောင့် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%80%96%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA+%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>အကောင့်ဝင်ရန်</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="နောက်ထပ် ရွေးချယ်စရာများ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="အသုံးပြုသူ မီနူး" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=my.wikipedia.org&uselang=my"><span>လှူဒါန်းမှု</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%96%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA+%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>အကောင့် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%80%96%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA+%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>အကောင့်ဝင်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ထွက်ပြီးသား တည်းဖြတ်သူများအတွက် စာမျက်နှာများ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE:%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" aria-label="တည်းဖြတ်ခြင်းအကြောင်း ပိုမိုလေ့လာရန်"><span>ပိုမို လေ့လာရန်</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ ပြုလုပ်ထားသော တည်းဖြတ်မှုများ၏ စာရင်း [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ဆောင်ရွက်ချက်များ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ တည်းဖြတ်မှုများအကြောင်း ဆွေးနွေးချက် [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ဆွေးနွေးရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ဆိုဒ်"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="မာတိကာ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">မာတိကာ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ဝှက်ရန်</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">အစပိုင်း</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-မြန်မာနိုင်ငံမှ_ဆုရရှိသူများ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#မြန်မာနိုင်ငံမှ_ဆုရရှိသူများ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၁</span> <span>မြန်မာနိုင်ငံမှ ဆုရရှိသူများ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-မြန်မာနိုင်ငံမှ_ဆုရရှိသူများ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ဆက်စပ်_ဖတ်ရှုရန်" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ဆက်စပ်_ဖတ်ရှုရန်"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂</span> <span>ဆက်စပ် ဖတ်ရှုရန်</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ဆက်စပ်_ဖတ်ရှုရန်-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ကိုးကား" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ကိုးကား"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၃</span> <span>ကိုးကား</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ကိုးကား-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="မာတိကာ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ဖလောရင့် နိုက်တင်ဂေးဆု</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ၂၃ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">၂၃ ဘာသာစကားများ ၂၃ ခု</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84" title="وسام فلورانس نايتنجيل – အာရဗီ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وسام فلورانس نايتنجيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="အာရဗီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Florens_Naytingel%22_medal%C4%B1" title=""Florens Naytingel" medalı – အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title=""Florens Naytingel" medalı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence-Nightingale-Medaille" title="Florence-Nightingale-Medaille – ဂျာမန်" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Florence-Nightingale-Medaille" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale_Medal" title="Florence Nightingale Medal – အင်္ဂလိပ်" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Florence Nightingale Medal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="အင်္ဂလိပ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalla_Florence_Nightingale" title="Medalla Florence Nightingale – စပိန်" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medalla Florence Nightingale" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="စပိန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84" title="مدال فلورانس نایتینگیل – ပါရှန်" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدال فلورانس نایتینگیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ပါရှန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale_-mitali" title="Florence Nightingale -mitali – ဖင်လန်" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Florence Nightingale -mitali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ဖင်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_Florence-Nightingale" title="Médaille Florence-Nightingale – ပြင်သစ်" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médaille Florence-Nightingale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ပြင်သစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medaglia_Florence_Nightingale" title="Medaglia Florence Nightingale – အီတလီ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medaglia Florence Nightingale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="အီတလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E8%A8%98%E7%AB%A0" title="フローレンス・ナイチンゲール記章 – ဂျပန်" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フローレンス・ナイチンゲール記章" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ဂျပန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%8C%EC%8A%A4_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8C%85%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%BC_%EA%B8%B0%EC%9E%A5" title="플로렌스 나이팅게일 기장 – ကိုရီးယား" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="플로렌스 나이팅게일 기장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ကိုရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale-Medaille_van_het_Internationale_Rode_Kruis" title="Florence Nightingale-Medaille van het Internationale Rode Kruis – ဒတ်ခ်ျ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Florence Nightingale-Medaille van het Internationale Rode Kruis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ဒတ်ခ်ျ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale-medaljen" title="Florence Nightingale-medaljen – နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Florence Nightingale-medaljen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਫਲੋਰੈਂਸ ਨਾਈਟਿੰਗੇਲ ਮੈਡਲ – ပန်ချာပီ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਲੋਰੈਂਸ ਨਾਈਟਿੰਗੇਲ ਮੈਡਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ပန်ချာပီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_Florence_Nightingale" title="Medal Florence Nightingale – ပိုလန်" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Medal Florence Nightingale" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ပိုလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalha_Florence_Nightingale" title="Medalha Florence Nightingale – ပေါ်တူဂီ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medalha Florence Nightingale" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ပေါ်တူဂီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Медаль имени Флоренс Найтингейл – ရုရှ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медаль имени Флоренс Найтингейл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ရုရှ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale-medaljen" title="Florence Nightingale-medaljen – ဆွီဒင်" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Florence Nightingale-medaljen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ဆွီဒင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புளோரன்சு நைட்டிங்கேல் பதக்கம் – တမီးလ်" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புளோரன்சு நைட்டிங்கேல் பதக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="တမီးလ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale_Madalyas%C4%B1" title="Florence Nightingale Madalyası – တူရကီ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Florence Nightingale Madalyası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="တူရကီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Медаль імені Флоренс Найтінгейл – ယူကရိန်း" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Медаль імені Флоренс Найтінгейл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ယူကရိန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale_medali" title="Florence Nightingale medali – ဥဇဘတ်" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Florence Nightingale medali" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ဥဇဘတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%81%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0" title="弗羅倫斯·南丁格爾獎章 – တရုတ်" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗羅倫斯·南丁格爾獎章" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q255205#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ဘာသာစကားလင့်ခ်များကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန်" class="wbc-editpage">လင့်ခ်များကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန်</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="အမည်ညွှန်းများ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ပရင့်ထုတ်နိုင်သောမူ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ပရင့်ထုတ်နိုင်သော ဗားရှင်း</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> အခြား ပရောဂျက်များတွင် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Florence_Nightingale_Medal" hreflang="en"><span>ဝီကီမီဒီယာ ကွန်မွန်းစ်</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q255205" title="ဒေတာအချက်အလက်နှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်ရန်လင့်ခ် [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ဝီကီဒေတာ item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav 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title="အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစကား">အင်္ဂလိပ်</a>: <span lang="en">Florence Nightingale Medal</span>)</small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Florence_Nightingale_Medal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Florence_Nightingale_Medal.jpg/220px-Florence_Nightingale_Medal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Florence_Nightingale_Medal.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div>Obverse of the medal. (Gold and silver medallion with the inscription 'Ad memoriam Florence Nightingale 1820–1910' suspended from a red cross encircled by green laurel.)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width:33%;">ဆုပေးအပ်ခြင်းအကြောင်း</th><td>"Exceptional courage and devotion to the wounded, sick or disabled or to civilian victims of a conflict or disaster" or "exemplary services or a creative and pioneering spirit in the areas of public health or nursing education".<sup id="cite_ref-icrc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icrc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width:33%;">ဆုတံဆိပ်ပေးအပ်သူ</th><td>နိုင်ငံအလိုက် ကြက်ခြေနီအဖွဲ့ချုပ်များ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width:33%;">ကျင်းပသည့်နေ့ရက်</th><td>၁၉၁၂</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width:33%;">ဆုအမျိုးအစား</th><td>အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ သူနာပြု ဂုဏ်ထူးဆောင်ဘွဲ့တံဆိပ် (စစ်ဘက်၊ အရပ်ဘက် နှစ်ရပ်လုံး)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width:33%;">ပထမဆုံးဆုတံဆိပ်</th><td>၁၉၂၀</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>၁၉၁၂ ခုနှစ်တွင် ကျင်းပသော (၁၂) ကြိမ်မြောက် အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ ကြက်ခြေနီညီလာခံမှ ကမ္ဘာ့ကရုဏာရှင် သူနာပြုဆရာမ ဖလောရင့် နိုက်တင်ဂေးကို ဂုဏ်ပြုသောအားဖြင့် <b>ဖလောရင့် နိုက်တင်ဂေး ဆုတံဆိပ်</b> ချီးမြှင့်ရန် ဆုံးဖြတ်ခဲ့ကြသည်။ ယင်းနောက် ၁၉၂၀ ပြည့်နှစ်မှစ၍ ကမ္ဘာတဝန်း ထူးချွန်သည့် သူနာပြုနှင့် ကြက်ခြေနီ စေတနာ့ဝန်ထမ်းများကို ရွေးချယ်စိစစ်ကာ ဆုချီးမြှင့်ပေးခဲ့၏။ ယင်းဆုကို ၂ နှစ်လျင် တကြိမ် ၃၆ ဦးထက် မပိုဘဲ ရွေးချယ်ခဲ့ပြီး <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA(%E1%80%85)%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="ဖလော်ရင့်(စ)နိုက်တင်ဂေးလ်">ဖလော်ရင့်(စ)နိုက်တင်ဂေးလ်</a> ၏ မွေးနေ့ဖြစ်သော မေလ ၁၂ ရက်တွင် <a 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href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%81%8A_%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA" title="သိန်းရီ၊ ဒေါ်">သိန်းရီ၊ ဒေါ်</a> ၂၀၀၀ ခုနှစ် အတွက်</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="စနိုင်နိုင်ထွန်း (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">စနိုင်နိုင်ထွန်း</a> ၂၀၁၅</li></ul> <p>ခုနှစ်အတွက် တို့ဖြစ်ကြသည်။ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ဆက်စပ်_ဖတ်ရှုရန်"><span id=".E1.80.86.E1.80.80.E1.80.BA.E1.80.85.E1.80.95.E1.80.BA_.E1.80.96.E1.80.90.E1.80.BA.E1.80.9B.E1.80.BE.E1.80.AF.E1.80.9B.E1.80.94.E1.80.BA"></span>ဆက်စပ် ဖတ်ရှုရန်</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%96%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF&action=edit&section=2" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ဆက်စပ် ဖတ်ရှုရန်"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9F%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%92%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဟင်နရီ ဒူးနန့် ဆု (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">ဟင်နရီ ဒူးနန့် ဆု</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA(%E1%80%85)%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="ဖလော်ရင့်(စ)နိုက်တင်ဂေးလ်">ဖလော်ရင့်(စ)နိုက်တင်ဂေးလ်</a></li> <li><a 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