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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principi_actiu" title="Principi actiu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Principi actiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9%C4%8Divo#Léčivá_látka" title="Léčivo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Léčivo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzneistoff" title="Arzneistoff – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arzneistoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principio_activo" title="Principio activo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Principio activo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmako" title="Farmako – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Farmako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osagai_aktibo" title="Osagai aktibo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Osagai aktibo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%87" title="ماده مؤثره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماده مؤثره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_active_(m%C3%A9dicament)" title="Substance active (médicament) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Substance active (médicament)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_aktif" title="Bahan aktif – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahan aktif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principio_attivo" title="Principio attivo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Principio attivo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9C" title="חומר פעיל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומר פעיל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veiklioji_med%C5%BEiaga" title="Veiklioji medžiaga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Veiklioji medžiaga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat%C3%B3anyag" title="Hatóanyag – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hatóanyag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perawis_aktif" title="Perawis aktif – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perawis aktif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_pharmaceutical_ingredient" title="Active pharmaceutical ingredient – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Active pharmaceutical ingredient" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%8A%B9%E6%88%90%E5%88%86" title="有効成分 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有効成分" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substancja_czynna" title="Substancja czynna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Substancja czynna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princ%C3%ADpio_ativo" title="Princípio ativo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Princípio ativo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principiu_activ" title="Principiu activ – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Principiu activ" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Действующее вещество – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Действующее вещество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9A%C4%8Dinn%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka" title="Účinná látka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Účinná látka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C4%8Dinkovina" title="Učinkovina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Učinkovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktiv_substans" title="Aktiv substans – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aktiv substans" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D" title="ตัวยาสำคัญ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตัวยาสำคัญ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etkin_madde" title="Etkin madde – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Etkin madde" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Активний фармацевтичний складник – Ukrainian" lang="uk" 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.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Active_ingredient" title="Special:EditPage/Active ingredient">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Active+ingredient%22">"Active ingredient"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Active+ingredient%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Active+ingredient%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Active+ingredient%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Active+ingredient%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Active+ingredient%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>active ingredient</b> is any <a href="/wiki/Ingredient" title="Ingredient">ingredient</a> that provides <a href="/wiki/Biological_activity" title="Biological activity">biologically active</a> or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease or to affect the structure or any function of the body of humans or animals.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The similar terms <b>active pharmaceutical ingredient</b> (abbreviated as <b>API</b>) and <b>bulk active</b> are also used in medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-FTLOScience_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTLOScience-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uscfr_2023_fdadrugdefinitions_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uscfr_2023_fdadrugdefinitions-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <b>active substance</b> may be used for <a href="/wiki/Natural_product" title="Natural product">natural products</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some medication products can contain more than one active ingredient. The traditional word for the active pharmaceutical agent is <b>pharmacon</b> or <b>pharmakon</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">φάρμακον</span>, adapted from <i><a href="/wiki/Pharmacos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacos">pharmacos</a></i>) which originally denoted a <a href="/wiki/Potion" title="Potion">magical substance</a> or drug.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The terms <b>active constituent</b> or <b>active principle</b> are often chosen when referring to the active <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">substance</a> of interest in a plant (such as <a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">salicylic acid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">willow</a> bark or <a href="/wiki/Arecoline" title="Arecoline">arecoline</a> in <a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nuts</a>), since the word "ingredient" can be taken to <a href="/wiki/Connotation" title="Connotation">connote</a> a sense of human agency (that is, something that a person combines with other substances), whereas the natural products present in plants were not added by any human agency but rather occurred naturally ("a plant doesn't have ingredients"). </p><p>In contrast with the active ingredients, the inactive ingredients are usually called <a href="/wiki/Excipient" title="Excipient">excipients</a> in pharmaceutical contexts. The main excipient that serves as a medium for conveying the active ingredient is usually called the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vehicle#Noun" class="extiw" title="wikt:vehicle">vehicle</a>. For example, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_jelly" title="Petroleum jelly">petrolatum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">mineral oil</a> are common vehicles. The term 'inactive' should not, however, be misconstrued as meaning <a href="/wiki/Chemically_inert" title="Chemically inert">inert</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmaceuticals">Pharmaceuticals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Active_ingredient&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pharmaceuticals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical">Pharmaceutical</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dosage_form" title="Dosage form">dosage form</a> for a pharmaceutical contains the active pharmaceutical ingredient, which is the drug substance itself, and excipients, which are the ingredients of the tablet, or the liquid in which the active agent is suspended, or other material that is pharmaceutically inert. Drugs are chosen primarily for their active ingredients. During formulation development, the excipients are chosen carefully so that the active ingredient can reach the target site in the body at the desired rate and extent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Patients often have difficulty identifying the active ingredients in their medication, as well as being unaware of the notion of an active ingredient. When patients are on multiple medications, active ingredients can interfere with each other, often resulting in severe or life-threatening complications.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many online services can help identify the active ingredient of most medications, such as the Medicines Database providing information on medications available in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-finder_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finder-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herbal_medicine">Herbal medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Active_ingredient&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Herbal medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">Herbal medicine</a></div> <p>In phytopharmaceutical or <a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">herbal medicine</a>, the active ingredient may be either unknown or may require <a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">cofactors</a> in order to achieve therapeutic goals. This leads to complications in labelling. One way manufacturers have attempted to indicate strength is to engage in <a href="/wiki/Standardization" title="Standardization">standardization</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Biomarker" title="Biomarker">marker</a> compound. Standardization has not been achieved yet, however, with different companies using different markers, or different levels of the same markers, or different methods of testing for marker compounds. For example, <a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">St John's wort</a> is often standardized to the <a href="/wiki/Hypericin" title="Hypericin">hypericin</a> that is now known not to be the "active ingredient" for <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressant</a> use. Other companies standardize to <a href="/wiki/Hyperforin" title="Hyperforin">hyperforin</a> or both, ignoring some 24 known additional possible active constituents. Many herbalists believe that the active ingredient in a plant is the plant itself.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Active_ingredient&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formulation" title="Formulation">Formulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">Medication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmakos" title="Pharmakos">Pharmakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Regulation of therapeutic goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_of_England_Process_Industry_Cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster">Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Active_ingredient&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCenter_for_Drug_Evaluation_and_Research2017" class="citation journal cs1">Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2017-11-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drugsfda-glossary-terms">"Drugs@FDA Glossary of Terms"</a>. <i>FDA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Drugs%40FDA+Glossary+of+Terms&rft.date=2017-11-14&rft.au=Center+for+Drug+Evaluation+and+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdrugs%2Fdrug-approvals-and-databases%2Fdrugsfda-glossary-terms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActive+ingredient" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FTLOScience-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FTLOScience_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLim2022" class="citation web cs1">Lim, Sean (2022-11-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ftloscience.com/drug-tablet-design/">"Drug Tablet Design: Why Pills Come in So Many Shapes and Sizes"</a>. <i>FTLOScience</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FTLOScience&rft.atitle=Drug+Tablet+Design%3A+Why+Pills+Come+in+So+Many+Shapes+and+Sizes&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fftloscience.com%2Fdrug-tablet-design%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActive+ingredient" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uscfr_2023_fdadrugdefinitions-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uscfr_2023_fdadrugdefinitions_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/on/2023-07-19/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-207/subpart-A/section-207.1">"§ 207.1 What definitions and interpretations of terms apply to this part?"</a>. <i>US Code of Federal Regulations</i>. US Government Publishing Office. 2023-07-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230725213043/https://www.ecfr.gov/on/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-207/subpart-A/section-207.1">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-25</span></span>. <q>Active pharmaceutical ingredient means any substance that is intended for incorporation into a finished drug product and is intended to furnish pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or to affect the structure or any function of the body. Active pharmaceutical ingredient does not include intermediates used in the synthesis of the substance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Code+of+Federal+Regulations&rft.atitle=%C2%A7+207.1+What+definitions+and+interpretations+of+terms+apply+to+this+part%3F&rft.date=2023-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecfr.gov%2Fon%2F2023-07-19%2Ftitle-21%2Fchapter-I%2Fsubchapter-C%2Fpart-207%2Fsubpart-A%2Fsection-207.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActive+ingredient" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lee_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2009" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Dennis (2009-04-14). Marks, Jay M. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=18972">"Drug Interactions: Know the Ingredients, Consult Your Physician"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MedicineNet" title="MedicineNet">MedicineNet</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MedicineNet&rft.atitle=Drug+Interactions%3A+Know+the+Ingredients%2C+Consult+Your+Physician&rft.date=2009-04-14&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicinenet.com%2Fscript%2Fmain%2Fart.asp%3Farticlekey%3D18972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActive+ingredient" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-finder-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-finder_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083539/http://www.nps.org.au/medicines">"Medicines"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPS_MedicineWise" title="NPS MedicineWise">NPS MedicineWise</a>. 2012-10-28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.org.au/medicines">the original</a> on 2017-04-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medicines&rft.pub=NPS+MedicineWise&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.org.au%2Fmedicines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActive+ingredient" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTierra,_Michael1992" class="citation cs2">Tierra, Michael, ed. (1992), <i>American Herbalism</i>, Crossings Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Herbalism&rft.pub=Crossings+Press&rft.date=1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActive+ingredient" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Active_ingredient&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npic.orst.edu/npicfact.htm">Pesticide Active Ingredient Fact Sheets</a> - <a href="/wiki/National_Pesticide_Information_Center" title="National Pesticide Information Center">National Pesticide Information Center</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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