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class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Portuguese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iberian_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iberian_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Iberian Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iberian_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Spanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Important_Bird_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Important_Bird_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Important Bird Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Important_Bird_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government and administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence_and_Civil_Guard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence_and_Civil_Guard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Defence and Civil Guard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence_and_Civil_Guard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Hospitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Migration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people_from_Ceuta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people_from_Ceuta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people from Ceuta</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people_from_Ceuta-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people from Ceuta subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people_from_Ceuta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-up_to_1800" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#up_to_1800"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>up to 1800</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-up_to_1800-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-since_1800" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#since_1800"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>since 1800</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-since_1800-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispute_with_Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispute_with_Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Dispute with Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispute_with_Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ceuta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" 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Available in 135 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B4%E1%8B%8D%E1%89%B3" title="ሴውታ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሴውታ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A9" title="سبتة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سبتة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1" title="Սեուտա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սեուտա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="চেউটা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চেউটা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seuta" title="Seuta – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Seuta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="سئوتا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سئوتا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="সেউতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেউতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сеута – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сеута" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сэўта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэўта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сеута – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сеута" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сеута – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сеута" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta_(rehiyon)" title="Ceuta (rehiyon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ceuta (rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A9" title="سبتة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سبتة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Θέουτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θέουτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce%C5%ADto" title="Ceŭto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ceŭto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%87" title="سبته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سبته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9A%B0%ED%83%80" title="세우타 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세우타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1" title="Սեուտա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեուտա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="सेउटा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेउटा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Сеутæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сеутæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94" title="סאוטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סאוטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="სეუტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სეუტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сеута – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сеута" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seuta" title="Seuta – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Seuta" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septa" title="Septa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Septa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seuta" title="Seuta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Seuta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seuta" title="Seuta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Seuta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сеута – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сеута" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="सेउता – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सेउता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="სეუტა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სეუტა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="ثيويتا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ثيويتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%87" title="سبته – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سبته" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сеута – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сеута" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%BF" title="セウタ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セウタ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seuta" title="Seuta – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Seuta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="سیوتا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سیوتا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siuta" title="Siuta – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Siuta" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сеута – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сеута" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seuta" title="Seuta – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Seuta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8F" title="සියුටා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සියුටා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сеута – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сеута" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9uta" title="Céuta – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Céuta" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE" title="செயுத்தா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செயுத்தா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebta" title="Sebta – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Sebta" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seuta" title="Seuta – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Seuta" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90" title="သူးတ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="သူးတ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="เซวตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซวตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septe" title="Septe – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Septe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сеута – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сеута" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%81" title="سبتہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سبتہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E8%BE%BE" title="休达 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="休达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E9%81%94" title="休達 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="休達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Ceuta" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E8%BE%BE" title="休达 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="休达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabtah" title="Sabtah – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sabtah" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5823#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ceuta&params=35_53_18_N_5_18_56_W_region:ES_type:city(85144)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°53′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°18′56″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.88833°N 5.31556°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.88833; -5.31556</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish autonomous city on the north-west coast of Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"Sabtah" redirects here. For the biblical figure, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_Hebrew_Bible_figures,_L%E2%80%93Z#Sabtah" title="List of minor Hebrew Bible figures, L–Z">Sabtah (biblical figure)</a>.</span> <span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ceuta_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ceuta (disambiguation)">Ceuta (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous city in Spain</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ceuta</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سَبْتَة</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain#Autonomous_cities" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg/268px-Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg/402px-Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg/536px-Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">View of Ceuta</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceuta_fortifications.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ceuta_fortifications.jpg/119px-Ceuta_fortifications.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ceuta_fortifications.jpg/179px-Ceuta_fortifications.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ceuta_fortifications.jpg/238px-Ceuta_fortifications.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="2761" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Walls_of_Ceuta" title="Royal Walls of Ceuta">Royal Walls</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fachada_del_ayuntamiento_(parte_antigua).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Fachada_del_ayuntamiento_%28parte_antigua%29.jpg/145px-Fachada_del_ayuntamiento_%28parte_antigua%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Fachada_del_ayuntamiento_%28parte_antigua%29.jpg/218px-Fachada_del_ayuntamiento_%28parte_antigua%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Fachada_del_ayuntamiento_%28parte_antigua%29.jpg/290px-Fachada_del_ayuntamiento_%28parte_antigua%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Palace of the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Ceuta" title="Assembly of Ceuta">Assembly</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ceuta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Ceuta"><img alt="Flag of Ceuta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/125px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/188px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/250px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ceuta" title="Flag of Ceuta">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Ceuta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Ceuta"><img alt="Coat of arms of Ceuta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ceuta.svg/73px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ceuta.svg/109px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ceuta.svg/146px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="1232" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Ceuta" title="Coat of arms of Ceuta">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem_of_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthem of Ceuta (page does not exist)"><i>Ceuta, mi ciudad querida</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himno_de_Ceuta" class="extiw" title="es:Himno de Ceuta">es</a>]</span><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">"Ceuta, my beloved city"</span><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Ceuta in Spain"><img alt="Location of Ceuta in Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta.svg/250px-Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta.svg/375px-Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta.svg/500px-Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="522" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Ceuta in Spain</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ceuta&params=35_53_18_N_5_18_56_W_region:ES_type:city(85144)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°53′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°18′56″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.88833°N 5.31556°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.88833; -5.31556</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1st millennium<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">End of Muslim rule</th><td class="infobox-data">14 August 1415</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ceded to Spain/Iberian Union</th><td class="infobox-data">4 August 1578</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Autonomy status</th><td class="infobox-data">14 March 1995</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginians</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Autonomous city</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Council of Government</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor-President_of_Ceuta" title="Mayor-President of Ceuta">Mayor-President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jes%C3%BAs_Vivas" title="Juan Jesús Vivas">Juan Jesús Vivas</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">18.5 km<sup>2</sup> (7.1 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">18.5 km<sup>2</sup> (7.1 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities">18th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 m (30 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">349 m (1,145 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">85,144</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities">19th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,600/km<sup>2</sup> (12,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ceutan <br /> <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">ceutí</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">es</a>) <br /> <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">caballa</i></span> ("<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_mackerel" title="Atlantic mackerel">Atlantic mackerel</a>", colloquial)<sup id="cite_ref-ElFaro_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElFaro-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DRAE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRAE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€1.907 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€23,073 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">ES-CE</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">51001–51005</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Ceuta" title="Assembly of Ceuta">Assembly of Ceuta</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 deputy (out of 350)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Senate">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2 senators (out of 264)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceuta.es/ceuta/">www.Ceuta.es</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ceuta</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/sj/: 's' in 'consume'">sj</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-ES-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈθewta,<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsewta]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/52\/Pronunciation_of_Ceuta_in_Spanish.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_Ceuta_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of Ceuta in Spanish.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Pronunciation_of_Ceuta_in_Spanish.ogg/Pronunciation_of_Ceuta_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_Ceuta_in_Spanish.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of Ceuta in Spanish.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سَبْتَة</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Sabtah</i></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain#Autonomous_cities" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> on the <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North African</a> coast. Bordered by Morocco, it lies along the boundary between the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. Ceuta is one of the <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">special member state territories of the European Union</a>, and it is one of several <a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Spanish territories in Africa</a>, which include <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>. It was a regular <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Spain">municipality</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">province of Cádiz</a> prior to the passing of its <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Autonomy">Statute of Autonomy</a> in March 1995,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as provided by the Spanish Constitution, henceforth becoming an autonomous city. </p><p>Ceuta, like <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, was classified as a <a href="/wiki/Free_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Free port">free port</a> before Spain joined the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its population is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Spain" title="Islam in Spain">Muslim</a>, with a small minority of <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Hindus" title="Sindhi Hindus">Sindhi Hindus</a>, from Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> is the official language. Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Darija" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan Darija">Darija Arabic</a> are the two main spoken languages. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <b>Abyla</b> has been said to have been a <a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a> name ("Lofty Mountain"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECauvin_&_al.1843_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECauvin_&_al.1843-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Mountain of <a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">God</a>") for <a href="/wiki/Jebel_Musa_(Morocco)" title="Jebel Musa (Morocco)">Jebel Musa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonney_&_al.190726_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonney_&_al.190726-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the southern <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillar of Hercules</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1854_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1854-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of the mountain was in fact <i>Habenna</i> (<a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a>: <span lang="xpu" dir="rtl">𐤀𐤁‬𐤍‬</span>, <span title="Punic-language text"><i lang="xpu-Latn">ʾbn</i></span>, "Stone" or "<a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">Stele</a>") or <i>ʾAbin-ḥīq</i> (<span title="Punic-language text"><span lang="xpu" dir="rtl">𐤀𐤁‬𐤍𐤇‬𐤒</span></span>, <span title="Punic-language text"><i lang="xpu-Latn">ʾbnḥq</i></span>, "Rock of the Bay"), about the nearby <a href="/wiki/Benz%C3%BA" title="Benzú">Bay of Benzú</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lip_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lip-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name was <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">hellenized</a> variously as <i>Ápini</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἄπινι</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-lip_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lip-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Abýla</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀβύλα</span></span>), <i>Abýlē</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀβύλη</span></span>), <i>Ablýx</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀβλύξ</span></span>), and <i>Abilē Stḗlē</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀβίλη Στήλη</span></span>, "Pillar of Abyla")<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1854_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1854-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> as <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Abyla Mons</i></span></i> ("Mount Abyla") or <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Abyla Columna</i></span></i> ("the Pillar of Abyla"). </p><p>The settlement below Jebel Musa was later renamed for the seven hills around the site, collectively referred to as the "Seven Brothers"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmedley_&_al.184549_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmedley_&_al.184549-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248666159"><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἑπτάδελφοι</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">translit.</a></small> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><i>Heptádelphoi</i></i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Septem Fratres</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, the Roman stronghold at the site took the name "Fort at the Seven Brothers" (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Castellum ad Septem Fratres</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1854_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1854-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was gradually shortened to Septem<sup id="cite_ref-Kaegi_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaegi-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Σέπτον</span></span> <i>Sépton</i>) or, occasionally, <b>Septum</b><sup id="cite_ref-Kitto_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitto-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Septa</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDyer1873_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer1873-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These clipped forms continued as <a href="/wiki/Berber_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber language">Berber</a> <i>Sebta</i> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> <i>Sabtan</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmedley_&_al.184549_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmedley_&_al.184549-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>Sabtah</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سبتة‎</span></span>), which themselves became <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Ceuta</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ˈseu̯tɐ]</a></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (locally <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈseu̯ta]</a></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient">Ancient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta_(11).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Catedral_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta_%2811%29.jpg/250px-Catedral_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta_%2811%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Catedral_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta_%2811%29.jpg/375px-Catedral_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta_%2811%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Catedral_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta_%2811%29.jpg/500px-Catedral_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Ceuta_%2811%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Phoenician archeological site, dated to the 7th century<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC, next to the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Ceuta">Cathedral of Ceuta</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Controlling access between the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a> is an important military and commercial <a href="/wiki/Chokepoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Chokepoint">chokepoint</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a> realized the extremely narrow isthmus joining the <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_of_Almina" title="Peninsula of Almina">Peninsula of Almina</a> to the African mainland made Ceuta eminently defensible and established an outpost there early in the 1st millennium<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_geography" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek geography">Greek geographers</a> record it by variations of <i>Abyla</i>, the ancient name of nearby <a href="/wiki/Jebel_Musa_(Morocco)" title="Jebel Musa (Morocco)">Jebel Musa</a>. Beside <a href="/wiki/Calpe" title="Calpe">Calpe</a>, the other <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillar of Hercules</a> now known as the <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Rock of Gibraltar</a>, the Phoenicians established <a href="/wiki/Carteia" title="Carteia">Kart</a> at what is now <a href="/wiki/San_Roque,_C%C3%A1diz" class="mw-redirect" title="San Roque, Cádiz">San Roque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. Other good anchorages nearby became <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenician colonies">Phoenician</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian Empire">Carthaginian</a> ports at what are now <a href="/wiki/Tangiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangiers">Tangiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Carthage (c. 149 BC)">destruction</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a>, most of <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Africa">northwest Africa</a> was left to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidia</a> and—around Abyla—<a href="/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a>. <a href="/wiki/Punics" class="mw-redirect" title="Punics">Punic culture</a> continued to thrive in what the Romans knew as "Septem". After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thapsus" title="Battle of Thapsus">Battle of Thapsus</a> in 46 BC, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a> and his heirs began annexing North Africa directly as <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman provinces</a> but, as late as <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, most of Septem's <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> residents continued to speak and write in <a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a> assassinated the Mauretanian king <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Mauretania" title="Ptolemy of Mauretania">Ptolemy</a> in AD<span class="nowrap"> </span>40 and seized his kingdom, which <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> organized in AD 42, placing Septem in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tingitana" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingitana">Tingitana</a> and raising it to the level of a <a href="/wiki/Roman_colonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman colonia">colony</a>. It subsequently was <a href="/wiki/Romanization_(cultural)" title="Romanization (cultural)">Romanized</a> and thrived into the late 3rd century, trading heavily with <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Roman Spain</a> and becoming well known for its <a href="/wiki/Salted_fish" title="Salted fish">salted fish</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roman_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman road">Roads</a> connected it overland with <a href="/wiki/Tingis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingis">Tingis</a> (Tangiers) and <a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a>. Under <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a></span> in the late 4th century, Septem still had 10,000 inhabitants, nearly all <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_citizenship" title="Roman citizenship">citizens</a> speaking <a href="/wiki/African_Romance" title="African Romance">African Romance</a>, a local dialect of Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_de_los_Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ceuta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Interior_de_los_Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ceuta.jpg/220px-Interior_de_los_Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ceuta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Interior_de_los_Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ceuta.jpg/330px-Interior_de_los_Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ceuta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Interior_de_los_Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ceuta.jpg/440px-Interior_de_los_Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ceuta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Arab_Baths_(Ceuta)" title="Arab Baths (Ceuta)">Arab Baths of Ceuta</a>, built between the 11th and 13th centuries</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Murallas_merin%C3%ADes_de_Ceuta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Murallas_merin%C3%ADes_de_Ceuta.jpg/220px-Murallas_merin%C3%ADes_de_Ceuta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Murallas_merin%C3%ADes_de_Ceuta.jpg/330px-Murallas_merin%C3%ADes_de_Ceuta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Murallas_merin%C3%ADes_de_Ceuta.jpg/440px-Murallas_merin%C3%ADes_de_Ceuta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Marinid_Walls_of_Ceuta" title="Marinid Walls of Ceuta">Marinid Walls</a>, built by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Uthman_II" title="Abu Sa'id Uthman II">Abu Sa'id Uthman II</a> in 1328</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Vandal_Kingdom" title="Vandal Kingdom">Vandals</a>, probably invited by <a href="/wiki/Bonifacius" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonifacius">Count Boniface</a> as protection against the <a href="/wiki/Galla_Placidia" title="Galla Placidia">empress dowager</a>, crossed the strait near Tingis around 425 and swiftly overran <a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Roman North Africa</a>. Their king, <a href="/wiki/Gaiseric" title="Gaiseric">Gaiseric</a>, focused his attention on the rich lands around <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>; although the Romans eventually accepted his conquests and he continued to raid them anyway, he soon lost control of Tingis and Septem in a series of Berber revolts. When <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian</a> decided to <a href="/wiki/Vandalic_War" title="Vandalic War">reconquer the Vandal lands</a>, his victorious general <a href="/wiki/Belisarius" title="Belisarius">Belisarius</a> continued along the coast, making Septem a westernmost outpost of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> around 533. Unlike the former ancient Roman administration, however, Eastern Rome did not push far into the <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a> and made the more defensible Septem their regional capital in place of Tingis. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Plague_of_Justinian" title="Plague of Justinian">Epidemics</a>, less capable successors and overstretched supply lines forced a retrenchment and left Septem isolated. It is likely that its <a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">count</a> (<i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">comes</i></span></i>) was obliged to pay homage to the <a href="/wiki/Visigoth_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigoth Kingdom">Visigoth Kingdom</a> in Spain in the early 7th century. There are no reliable contemporary accounts of the end of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_conquest_of_the_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic conquest of the Maghreb">Islamic conquest of the Maghreb</a> around 710. Instead, the rapid <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim conquest of Spain">Muslim conquest of Spain</a> produced <a href="/wiki/Medieval_romance" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval romance">romances</a> concerning <a href="/wiki/Count_Julian" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Julian">Count Julian</a> of Septem and his betrayal of Christendom in revenge for the dishonor that befell his daughter at <a href="/wiki/Roderic" title="Roderic">King Roderick</a>'s court. Allegedly with Julian's encouragement and instructions, the Berber convert and freedman <a href="/wiki/Tariq_ibn_Ziyad" title="Tariq ibn Ziyad">Tariq ibn Ziyad</a> took his garrison from Tangiers across the strait and overran the Spanish so swiftly that both he and his master <a href="/wiki/Musa_bin_Nusayr" class="mw-redirect" title="Musa bin Nusayr">Musa bin Nusayr</a> fell afoul of <a href="/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik">a jealous caliph</a>, who stripped them of their wealth and titles. </p><p>After the death of Julian, sometimes also described as a king of the <a href="/wiki/Ghomara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghomara people">Ghomara Berbers</a>, Berber converts to Islam took direct control of what they called Sebta. It was then destroyed during <a href="/wiki/Berber_Revolt" title="Berber Revolt">their great revolt</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> around 740. Sebta subsequently remained a small village of Muslims and Christians surrounded by ruins until its resettlement in the 9th century by Mâjakas, chief of the Majkasa Berber tribe, who started the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Banu_Isam" title="Banu Isam">Banu Isam</a> dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-GibbKramers1994_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbKramers1994-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His great-grandson briefly allied his tribe with the <a href="/wiki/Idrisid" class="mw-redirect" title="Idrisid">Idrisids</a>, but Banu Isam rule ended in 931<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he abdicated in favor of <a href="/wiki/Abd_ar-Rahman_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd ar-Rahman III">Abd ar-Rahman III</a>, the Umayyad ruler of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba, Spain</a>. </p><p>Chaos ensued with the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031. Following this, Ceuta and Muslim Iberia were controlled by successive North African dynasties. Starting in 1084, the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravid">Almoravid</a> Berbers ruled the region until 1147, when the <a href="/wiki/Almohad" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad">Almohads</a> conquered the land. Apart from <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hud" title="Ibn Hud">Ibn Hud</a>'s rebellion in 1232, they ruled until the Tunisian <a href="/wiki/Hafsid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafsid">Hafsids</a> established control. The Hafsids' influence in the west rapidly waned, and Ceuta's inhabitants eventually expelled them in 1249. After this, a period of political instability persisted, under competing interests from the <a href="/wiki/Marinids" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinids">Marinids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a> as well as autonomous rule under the native <a href="/wiki/Banu_al-Azafi" title="Banu al-Azafi">Banu al-Azafi</a>. The Fez finally conquered the region in 1387, with assistance from <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese">Portuguese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Portuguese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto_April_2019-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Porto_April_2019-7.jpg/220px-Porto_April_2019-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Porto_April_2019-7.jpg/330px-Porto_April_2019-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Porto_April_2019-7.jpg/440px-Porto_April_2019-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6029" data-file-height="3932" /></a><figcaption>Representation of <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry the Navigator">Prince Henry the Navigator</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Ceuta">Conquest of Ceuta</a> in <a href="/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo"><i>azulejos</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bento_railway_station" title="São Bento railway station">São Bento railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Septa_(Ceuta)_ca_1572.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Septa_%28Ceuta%29_ca_1572.jpg/220px-Septa_%28Ceuta%29_ca_1572.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Septa_%28Ceuta%29_ca_1572.jpg/330px-Septa_%28Ceuta%29_ca_1572.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Septa_%28Ceuta%29_ca_1572.jpg/440px-Septa_%28Ceuta%29_ca_1572.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="1518" /></a><figcaption>1572 depiction of Ceuta</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceuta_fortifications.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ceuta_fortifications.jpg/220px-Ceuta_fortifications.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ceuta_fortifications.jpg/330px-Ceuta_fortifications.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ceuta_fortifications.jpg/440px-Ceuta_fortifications.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="2761" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Walls_of_Ceuta" title="Royal Walls of Ceuta">Royal Walls of Ceuta</a>, built from 962 to the 18th century, and navigable moats</figcaption></figure> <p>On the morning of 21 August 1415, King <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Portugal" title="John I of Portugal">John I of Portugal</a> led his sons and their assembled forces in a surprise assault that would come to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Ceuta">Conquest of Ceuta</a>. The battle was almost anticlimactic, because the 45,000 men who traveled on 200 Portuguese ships caught the defenders of Ceuta off guard and suffered only eight casualties. By nightfall the town was captured. On the morning of 22 August, Ceuta was in Portuguese hands. <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Vaz_de_Almada,_1st_Count_of_Avranches" title="Álvaro Vaz de Almada, 1st Count of Avranches">Álvaro Vaz de Almada, 1st Count of Avranches</a> was asked to hoist what was to become the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ceuta" title="Flag of Ceuta">flag of Ceuta</a>, which is identical to the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lisbon" title="Flag of Lisbon">flag of Lisbon</a>, but in which the coat of arms derived from that of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> was added to the center; the original Portuguese flag and <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> of Ceuta remained unchanged, and the modern-day Ceuta flag features the configuration of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Portugal#Portuguese_shield" title="Flag of Portugal">Portuguese shield</a>. </p><p>John's son <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry the Navigator">Henry the Navigator</a> distinguished himself in the battle, being wounded during the conquest. The looting of the city proved to be less profitable than expected for John I, so he decided to keep the city to pursue further enterprises in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1415 to 1437, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Meneses,_1st_Count_of_Vila_Real" title="Pedro de Meneses, 1st Count of Vila Real">Pedro de Meneses</a> became the first governor of Ceuta. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Marinid_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid Sultanate">Marinid Sultanate</a> started the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ceuta_(1419)" title="Siege of Ceuta (1419)">1419 siege</a> but was defeated by the first governor of Ceuta before reinforcements arrived in the form of <a href="/wiki/John,_Constable_of_Portugal" title="John, Constable of Portugal">John, Constable of Portugal</a> and his brother <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry the Navigator">Henry the Navigator</a>, who were sent with troops to defend Ceuta. </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Portugal" title="John I of Portugal">King John I</a>'s son, <a href="/wiki/Edward,_King_of_Portugal" title="Edward, King of Portugal">Duarte</a>, the colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury. <a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_trade" title="Trans-Saharan trade">Trans-Saharan trade</a> journeyed instead to <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>. It was soon realized that without the city of Tangier, possession of Ceuta was worthless. In 1437, <a href="/wiki/Illustrious_Generation_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Illustrious Generation (Portugal)">Duarte's brothers</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry the Navigator">Henry the Navigator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fernando,_the_Saint_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando, the Saint Prince">Fernando, the Saint Prince</a> persuaded him to launch an attack on the <a href="/wiki/Marinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid">Marinid</a> sultanate. The resulting <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tangier_(1437)" title="Battle of Tangier (1437)">Battle of Tangier (1437)</a>, led by Henry, was a debacle. In the resulting treaty, Henry promised to deliver Ceuta back to the Marinids in return for allowing the Portuguese army to depart unmolested, which he reneged on. </p><p>Possession of Ceuta indirectly led to further <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1415%E2%80%931578)" title="History of Portugal (1415–1578)">Portuguese expansion</a>. The main area of Portuguese expansion, at this time, was the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a>, where there was grain, cattle, sugar, and textiles, as well as fish, hides, wax, and honey.<sup id="cite_ref-Payne_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Payne-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ceuta had to endure alone for 43 years, until the position of the city was consolidated with the taking of <a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Ksar es-Seghir</a> (1458), <a href="/wiki/Arzila" class="mw-redirect" title="Arzila">Arzila</a> and Tangier (1471) by the Portuguese. </p><p>The city was recognized as a Portuguese possession by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alc%C3%A1%C3%A7ovas" title="Treaty of Alcáçovas">Treaty of Alcáçovas</a> (1479) and by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a> (1494). </p><p>In the 1540s the Portuguese began building the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Walls_of_Ceuta" title="Royal Walls of Ceuta">Royal Walls of Ceuta</a> as they are today including <a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">bastions</a>, a navigable moat and a drawbridge. Some of these bastions are still standing, like the bastions of Coraza Alta, Bandera and Mallorquines.<sup id="cite_ref-fortified-places_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortified-places-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Cam%C3%B5es" title="Luís de Camões">Luís de Camões</a> lived in Ceuta between 1549 and 1551, losing his right eye in battle, which influenced his work of poetry <i><a href="/wiki/Os_Lus%C3%ADadas" title="Os Lusíadas">Os Lusíadas</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iberian_Union">Iberian Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Iberian Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1578 King <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian of Portugal">Sebastian of Portugal</a> died at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alc%C3%A1cer_Quibir" title="Battle of Alcácer Quibir">Battle of Alcácer Quibir</a> (known as the Battle of Three Kings) in what is today northern Morocco, without descendants, triggering the <a href="/wiki/1580_Portuguese_succession_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1580 Portuguese succession crisis">1580 Portuguese succession crisis</a>. His granduncle, the elderly <a href="/wiki/Henry,_King_of_Portugal" title="Henry, King of Portugal">Cardinal Henry</a>, succeeded him as King, but Henry also had no descendants, having taken <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">holy orders</a>. When the cardinal-king died two years after Sebastian's death, three grandchildren of King <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I of Portugal</a> claimed the throne: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Catarina,_Duchess_of_Braganza" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza">Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio,_Prior_of_Crato" title="António, Prior of Crato">António, Prior of Crato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>, uncle of former King Sebastian of Portugal</li></ul> <p>Philip prevailed and was crowned King <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Portugal">Philip I of Portugal</a> in 1581, uniting the two crowns and overseas empires in what is historically referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamen177_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamen177-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Iberian Union, 1580 to 1640, Ceuta attracted many settlers of Spanish origin<sup id="cite_ref-Griffinh_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffinh-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became the only city of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> that sided with Spain when Portugal regained its independence in the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a> of 1640. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish">Spanish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spanish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_of_El_Desnarigado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fort_of_El_Desnarigado.jpg/220px-Fort_of_El_Desnarigado.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fort_of_El_Desnarigado.jpg/330px-Fort_of_El_Desnarigado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fort_of_El_Desnarigado.jpg/440px-Fort_of_El_Desnarigado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Fort of the Desnarigado, built in the 19th century, houses a museum.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_de_los_Dragones,_Ceuta,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2015-12-10,_DD_52.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Casa_de_los_Dragones%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_52.JPG/220px-Casa_de_los_Dragones%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_52.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Casa_de_los_Dragones%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_52.JPG/330px-Casa_de_los_Dragones%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_52.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Casa_de_los_Dragones%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_52.JPG/440px-Casa_de_los_Dragones%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_52.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3961" data-file-height="4819" /></a><figcaption>Eclectic <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_los_Dragones" title="Casa de los Dragones">House of the Dragons</a>, built in 1905</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceuta_Turn_of_the_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ceuta_Turn_of_the_century.jpg/220px-Ceuta_Turn_of_the_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ceuta_Turn_of_the_century.jpg/330px-Ceuta_Turn_of_the_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ceuta_Turn_of_the_century.jpg/440px-Ceuta_Turn_of_the_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>A street in Ceuta, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1905</span>–1910</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 January 1668, King <a href="/wiki/Afonso_VI_of_Portugal" title="Afonso VI of Portugal">Afonso VI of Portugal</a> recognised the formal allegiance of Ceuta to Spain and ceded Ceuta to King <a href="/wiki/Carlos_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos II of Spain">Carlos II of Spain</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon_(1668)" title="Treaty of Lisbon (1668)">Treaty of Lisbon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city was attacked by Moroccan forces under <a href="/wiki/Moulay_Ismail" class="mw-redirect" title="Moulay Ismail">Moulay Ismail</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ceuta_(1694%E2%80%931727)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Ceuta (1694–1727)">Siege of Ceuta (1694–1727)</a>. During the longest siege in history, the city underwent changes leading to the loss of its Portuguese character.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What? (June 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While most of the military operations took place around the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Walls_of_Ceuta" title="Royal Walls of Ceuta">Royal Walls of Ceuta</a>, there were also small-scale penetrations by Spanish forces at various points on the Moroccan coast, and seizure of shipping in the Strait of Gibraltar. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815)</a>, Spain allowed Britain to occupy Ceuta. Occupation began in 1810, with Ceuta being returned at the conclusion of the wars.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disagreements regarding the border of Ceuta resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Moroccan_War_(1859%E2%80%9360)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)">Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)</a>, which ended at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_T%C3%A9touan" title="Battle of Tétouan">Battle of Tetuán</a>. </p><p>In July 1936, General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> took command of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Army of Africa">Spanish Army of Africa</a> and rebelled against the Spanish republican government; his military uprising led to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> of 1936–1939. Franco transported troops to mainland Spain in an airlift using transport aircraft supplied by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a>. Ceuta became one of the first battlegrounds of the uprising: General Franco's rebel nationalist forces seized Ceuta, while at the same time the city came under fire from the air and sea forces of the official republican government.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Monumento_del_Llano_Amarillo" title="Monumento del Llano Amarillo">Llano Amarillo</a> monument was erected to honor <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>; it was inaugurated on 13 July 1940. The tall obelisk has since been abandoned, but the shield symbols of the <a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falange</a> and Imperial Eagle remain visible.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the 1947 <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a>, a substantial number of <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Hindus" title="Sindhi Hindus">Sindhi Hindus</a> from current-day Pakistan settled in Ceuta, adding to a small Hindu community that had existed in Ceuta since 1893, connected to Gibraltar's.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Spain recognized the independence of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Morocco">Spanish Morocco</a> in 1956, Ceuta and the other <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">plazas de soberanía</a></i></span> remained under Spanish rule. Spain considered them integral parts of the Spanish state, but Morocco has disputed this point. </p><p>Culturally, modern Ceuta is part of the Spanish region of <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>. It was attached to the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">province of Cádiz</a> until 1995, the Spanish coast being only 20 km (12.5 miles) away. It is a cosmopolitan city, with a large ethnic <a href="/wiki/Arab-Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Berber">Arab-Berber</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Muslim minority as well as <a href="/wiki/Sephardic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic">Sephardic</a> Jewish and <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 November 2007, King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a> visited the city, sparking great enthusiasm from the local population and protests from the Moroccan government.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first time a Spanish head of state had visited Ceuta in 80 years.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since 2010, Ceuta (and Melilla) have declared the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim holiday">Muslim holiday</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a>, or Feast of the Sacrifice, an official public holiday. It is the first time a non-Christian <a href="/wiki/Religious_festival" title="Religious festival">religious festival</a> has been officially celebrated in Spanish ruled territory since the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:962px;max-width:962px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceuta_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ceuta_en.png/320px-Ceuta_en.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ceuta_en.png/480px-Ceuta_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ceuta_en.png/640px-Ceuta_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1038" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Map of Ceuta (the <a href="/wiki/Perejil_Island" title="Perejil Island">Perejil Island</a>, part of Ceuta, is just off the coast, in the upper left of this map)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strait_of_Gibraltar_perspective.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Strait_of_Gibraltar_perspective.jpg/280px-Strait_of_Gibraltar_perspective.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Strait_of_Gibraltar_perspective.jpg/420px-Strait_of_Gibraltar_perspective.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Strait_of_Gibraltar_perspective.jpg/560px-Strait_of_Gibraltar_perspective.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1528" data-file-height="917" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Perspective view of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a> facing eastwards; Spain and <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> on the left; Morocco and Ceuta on the right. The vertical dimension is exaggerated by a factor of 3.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceuta2022OSM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ceuta2022OSM.png/350px-Ceuta2022OSM.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ceuta2022OSM.png/525px-Ceuta2022OSM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ceuta2022OSM.png/700px-Ceuta2022OSM.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="2820" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A highly detailed map of Ceuta</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Ceuta is separated by 17 km (11 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">province of Cádiz</a> on the Spanish mainland by the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a> and it shares a 6.4 km (4 mi) land <a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Morocco–Spain border">border</a> with <a href="/wiki/M%27diq-Fnideq_Prefecture" title="M'diq-Fnideq Prefecture">M'diq-Fnideq Prefecture</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Kingdom of Morocco</a>. It has an area of 18.5 km<sup>2</sup> (7 sq mi; 4,571 acres). It is dominated by Monte Anyera, a hill along its western frontier with Morocco, which is guarded by a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Spanish_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish army">military</a> fort. <a href="/wiki/Monte_Hacho" title="Monte Hacho">Monte Hacho</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_of_Almina" title="Peninsula of Almina">Peninsula of Almina</a> overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ceuta" title="Port of Ceuta">port</a> is one of the possible locations of the southern pillar of the <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a> of Greek legend (the other possibility being <a href="/wiki/Jebel_Musa_(Morocco)" title="Jebel Musa (Morocco)">Jebel Musa</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-TarverSlape2016_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TarverSlape2016-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Important_Bird_Area">Important Bird Area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Important Bird Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ceuta Peninsula has been recognised as an <a href="/wiki/Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Area</a> (IBA) by <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> because the site is part of a migratory bottleneck, or choke point, at the western end of the Mediterranean for large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Bird_of_prey" title="Bird of prey">raptors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stork" title="Stork">storks</a> and other birds flying between Europe and Africa. These include <a href="/wiki/European_honey_buzzard" title="European honey buzzard">European honey buzzards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_kite" title="Black kite">black kites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Short-toed_snake_eagle" title="Short-toed snake eagle">short-toed snake eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_vulture" title="Egyptian vulture">Egyptian vultures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griffon_vulture" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffon vulture">griffon vultures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_stork" title="Black stork">black storks</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_stork" title="White stork">white storks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Audouin%27s_gull" title="Audouin's gull">Audouin's gulls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bli_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bli-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ceuta has a maritime-influenced <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>, similar to nearby Spanish and Moroccan cities such as <a href="/wiki/Tarifa" title="Tarifa">Tarifa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tangiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangiers">Tangiers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_temperature_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Diurnal temperature variation">diurnal temperature variation</a> is relatively low; the average annual temperature is 18.8 °C (65.8 °F) with average yearly highs of 21.4 °C (70.5 °F) and lows of 15.7 °C (60.3 °F) though the Ceuta weather station has only been in operation since 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Standard_climate_values_for_Ceuta_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standard_climate_values_for_Ceuta-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceuta has relatively mild winters for the latitude, while summers are warm yet milder than in the interior of Southern Spain, due to the moderating effect of the Straits of Gibraltar. Summers are very dry, but yearly precipitation is still at 849 mm (33.4 in),<sup id="cite_ref-Standard_climate_values_for_Ceuta_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standard_climate_values_for_Ceuta-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which could be considered a humid climate if the summers were not so arid. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Ceuta, 2003-2010 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #49FF49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122<br />(4.8) </td> <td style="background: #11FF11; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145<br />(5.7) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #3BFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #0FFF0F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161<br />(6.3) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">849<br />(33.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorolog%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencia Estatal de Meteorología">Agencia Estatal de Meteorología</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_administration">Government and administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government and administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_de_la_Asamblea_de_Ceuta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Palacio_de_la_Asamblea_de_Ceuta.jpg/220px-Palacio_de_la_Asamblea_de_Ceuta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Palacio_de_la_Asamblea_de_Ceuta.jpg/330px-Palacio_de_la_Asamblea_de_Ceuta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Palacio_de_la_Asamblea_de_Ceuta.jpg/440px-Palacio_de_la_Asamblea_de_Ceuta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The Palacio de la Asamblea de Ceuta is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Ceuta" title="Assembly of Ceuta">Assembly of Ceuta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1995, Ceuta is, along with <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, one of the two <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_community#autonomous_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous community">autonomous cities</a> of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ceuta is known officially in Spanish as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta</i></span> (English: <i>Autonomous City of Ceuta</i>), with a rank between a standard <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Spain">municipality</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous community</a>. Ceuta is part of the territory of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. The city was a <a href="/wiki/Free_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Free port">free port</a> before Spain joined the European Union in 1986. Now it has a low-tax system within the <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union</a>. </p><p>Since 1979, Ceuta has held elections to its 25-seat assembly every four years. The leader of its government was the Mayor until the Autonomy Statute provided for the new title of <a href="/wiki/Mayor-President" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-President">Mayor-President</a>. As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a> (PP) won 18 seats, keeping <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jes%C3%BAs_Vivas" title="Juan Jesús Vivas">Juan Jesús Vivas</a> as Mayor-President, which he has been since 2001. The remaining seats are held by the regionalist <a href="/wiki/Caballas_Coalition" title="Caballas Coalition">Caballas Coalition</a> (4) and the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers%27_Party_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Workers' Party (Spain)">Socialist Workers' Party</a> (PSOE, 3).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Owing to its small population, Ceuta elects only one member of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of Deputies</a>, the lower house of the <i><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></i> (the Spanish Parliament). As of the November 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> election, this post is held by María Teresa López of <a href="/wiki/Vox_(political_party)" title="Vox (political party)">Vox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ceuta is subdivided into 63 <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">barriadas</i></span> ("neighborhoods"), such as Barriada de Berizu, Barriada de P. Alfonso, Barriada del Sarchal, and El Hacho.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ceuta maintains its own police force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defence_and_Civil_Guard">Defence and Civil Guard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Defence and Civil Guard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The defence of the enclave is the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spanish Armed Forces</a>' General Command of Ceuta (COMGECEU).<sup id="cite_ref-Contenido_-_Army_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contenido_-_Army-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a>'s combat components of the command include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regulares" title="Regulares">54th <i>Regulares</i> Infantry Regiment</a> based in <i>González Tablas</i> barracks;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tercio_%22Duque_de_Alba%22_No._2_of_the_Legion" title="Tercio "Duque de Alba" No. 2 of the Legion">2nd Tercio <i>Duke of Alba</i> Regiment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Legion" title="Spanish Legion">Spanish Legion</a> based in the Seraglio-Recarga cantonment;</li> <li>3rd "Montesa" Cavalry Regiment (RC-3) located in the <i>Colonel Galindo</i> barracks and equipped with <a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2 main battle tanks</a> and <a href="/wiki/ASCOD" title="ASCOD">Pizarro infantry fighting vehicles</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>30th Mixed Artillery Regiment, one group equipped with <a href="/wiki/Santa_B%C3%A1rbara_Sistemas_155/52" title="Santa Bárbara Sistemas 155/52">155/52mm towed howitzers</a> and the other with <a href="/wiki/Mistral_(missile)" title="Mistral (missile)">Mistral short-range SAMs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_GDF" title="Oerlikon GDF">35/90 SKYDOR/35/90 GDF-007 anti-aircraft guns</a> fulfilling an air defence role;<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li>7th Engineer Regiment</li></ul> <p>The command also includes its headquarters battalion as well as logistics elements.<sup id="cite_ref-Contenido_-_Army_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contenido_-_Army-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a> replaced the <i>Aresa</i>-class patrol boat <i>P-114</i> in the territory with the <i>Rodman</i>-class patrol boat <i>Isla de León</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ceuta itself is only 113 km (70 mi) distant from the main Spanish naval base at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Rota" title="Naval Station Rota">Rota</a> on the Spanish mainland. The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Air Force">Spanish Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%B3n_Air_Base" title="Morón Air Base">Morón Air Base</a> is also within 135 km (84 mi) proximity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Civil Guard</a> is responsible for border security and protects both the territory's <a href="/wiki/Ceuta_border_fence" title="Ceuta border fence">fortified land border</a> as well as its maritime approaches against frequent, and sometimes significant, migrant incursions.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jebel_musa_from_benzu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jebel_musa_from_benzu.jpg/220px-Jebel_musa_from_benzu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jebel_musa_from_benzu.jpg/330px-Jebel_musa_from_benzu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jebel_musa_from_benzu.jpg/440px-Jebel_musa_from_benzu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>The Moroccan mountain of <a href="/wiki/Jebel_Musa,_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebel Musa, Morocco">Jebel Musa</a>, as viewed from <a href="/wiki/Benz%C3%BA" title="Benzú">Benzú</a>. It is also known as the 'Dead Woman' because of its silhouette.</figcaption></figure> <p>The official currency of Ceuta is the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>. It is part of a special low tax zone in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-Ceuta.es_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceuta.es-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceuta is one of two Spanish port cities on the northern shore of Africa, along with <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>. They are historically military strongholds, <a href="/wiki/Free_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Free port">free ports</a>, oil ports, and also fishing ports.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today the economy of the city depends heavily on its port (now in expansion) and its industrial and retail centres.<sup id="cite_ref-Ceuta.es_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceuta.es-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta_Heliport" title="Ceuta Heliport">Ceuta Heliport</a> is now used to connect the city to mainland Spain by air. <a href="/wiki/Lidl" title="Lidl">Lidl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decathlon_(retailer)" title="Decathlon (retailer)">Decathlon</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Corte_Ingl%C3%A9s" title="El Corte Inglés">El Corte Inglés</a> have branches in Ceuta. There is also a <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casino</a>. Border trade between Ceuta and Morocco is active because of advantage of tax-free status. Thousands of Moroccan women are involved in the cross-border porter trade daily, as <a href="/wiki/Porteadoras" title="Porteadoras">porteadoras</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_dirham" title="Moroccan dirham">Moroccan dirham</a> is used in such trade, even though prices are marked in euros.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ceuta" title="Port of Ceuta">Port of Ceuta</a> receives high numbers of ferries each day from <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a> in the south of Spain. The closest airport is <a href="/wiki/Sania_Ramel_Airport" title="Sania Ramel Airport">Sania Ramel Airport</a> in Morocco. </p><p>A single road border checkpoint to the south of Ceuta near Fnideq allows for cars and pedestrians to travel between Morocco and Ceuta. An additional border crossing for pedestrians exists between Benzú and <a href="/wiki/Belyounech" title="Belyounech">Belyounech</a> on the northern coast. The rest of the border is closed and inaccessible. </p><p>There is a bus service throughout the city, and while it does not pass into neighbouring Morocco, it services both frontier crossings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hospitals">Hospitals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hospitals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following hospitals are located within Ceuta:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>University Hospital of Ceuta, established in 2010, 252 beds<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Primary Care Emergency Services Jose Lafont</li> <li>Ceuta Medical Centre</li> <li>Spanish Military Hospital (500 beds in 1929, 2020 listed as a clinic)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceuta_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ceuta_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Ceuta_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ceuta_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Ceuta_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ceuta_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Ceuta_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2623" data-file-height="2082" /></a><figcaption>Ceuta population pyramid in 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2018, its population was 85,144.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its location, Ceuta is home to a mixed ethnic and religious population. The two main religious groups are Christians and Muslims. As of 2006 approximately 50% of the population was Christian and approximately 48% Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of a 2018 estimate, around 67.8% of the city's population were born in Ceuta.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> is the primary and official language of the enclave.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Arabic" title="Moroccan Arabic">Moroccan Arabic</a> (Darija) is widely spoken.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> demanded that Spain formally recognize the language by 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Restos_de_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_Tardorromana_de_Ceuta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Restos_de_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_Tardorromana_de_Ceuta.jpg/220px-Restos_de_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_Tardorromana_de_Ceuta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Restos_de_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_Tardorromana_de_Ceuta.jpg/330px-Restos_de_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_Tardorromana_de_Ceuta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Restos_de_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_Tardorromana_de_Ceuta.jpg/440px-Restos_de_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_Tardorromana_de_Ceuta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption>Remains of the Late Roman Christian Basilica and Necropolis of Ceuta, dated to the mid-4th century AD or the beginning of the 5th century AD</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_de_Ceuta,_Ceuta,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2015-12-10,_DD_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Catedral_de_Ceuta%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_04.JPG/220px-Catedral_de_Ceuta%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Catedral_de_Ceuta%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_04.JPG/330px-Catedral_de_Ceuta%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Catedral_de_Ceuta%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_04.JPG/440px-Catedral_de_Ceuta%2C_Ceuta%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-12-10%2C_DD_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5824" data-file-height="5009" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St_Mary_of_the_Assumption_(Ceuta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of St Mary of the Assumption (Ceuta)">Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption</a>, completed in 1726</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> has been present in Ceuta continuously from <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antiquity</a>, as evidenced by the ruins of a basilica in downtown Ceuta<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and accounts of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_martyrdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian martyrdom">martyrdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Daniel_and_companions" title="Daniel and companions">St. Daniel Fasanella</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan Order">Franciscans</a> in 1227 during the <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad Caliphate</a>. </p><p>The town's Grand Mosque had been built over a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine-era</a> church. In 1415, the year of the city's conquest, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> converted the Grand Mosque into <a href="/wiki/Ceuta_Cathedral" title="Ceuta Cathedral">Ceuta Cathedral</a>. The present form of the cathedral dates to refurbishments undertaken in the late 17th century, combining <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">baroque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> elements. It was <a href="/wiki/Dedication_(ritual)" title="Dedication (ritual)">dedicated</a> to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary_of_the_Assumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Mary of the Assumption">St<span class="nowrap"> </span>Mary of the Assumption</a> in 1726. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Ceuta">Diocese of Ceuta</a> was established in 1417. It incorporated the suppressed <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Tanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Tanger">Diocese of Tanger</a> in 1570.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Diocese of Ceuta was a <a href="/wiki/Suffragan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffragan">suffragan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Lisbon" title="Patriarchate of Lisbon">Lisbon</a> until 1675, when it became a suffragan of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Seville" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seville">Seville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1851, Ceuta's administration was notionally merged into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Cadiz_y_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Cadiz y Ceuta">Diocese of Cádiz and Ceuta</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1851" title="Concordat of 1851">a concordat</a> between Spain and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the union was not actually accomplished, however, until 1879. </p><p>Small <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> minorities are also present in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>2019 census<sup id="cite_ref-CIS2019Ceuta_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIS2019Ceuta-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a></td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238854847">.mw-parser-output .percentage-bar{position:relative;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#fff;width:100px;max-width:100%;height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .percentage-bar-fill{position:absolute;background-color:#dbdbdb;height:1.5em;width:50%}.mw-parser-output .percentage-bar-text{position:absolute;width:100%;height:1.5em;text-align:center;color:#000}</style><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 60%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">60.0%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 36%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">36.7%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non-religious</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 1%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">1.9%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Atheist</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 1%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">1.5%</div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration">Migration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ceuta_border_fence" title="Ceuta border fence">Ceuta border fence</a></div> <p>Like <a href="/wiki/Melilla#Immigration" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, Ceuta attracts African migrants who try to use it as an entry to Europe. As a result, the enclave is surrounded by double fences that are 6 m (20 ft) high, and hundreds of migrants congregate near the fences waiting for a chance to cross them. The fences are regularly stormed by migrants trying to claim asylum once they enter Ceuta.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Granada#Campus_located_in_Ceuta" title="University of Granada">University of Granada</a> offers undergraduate programmes at their campus in Ceuta. Like all areas of Spain, Ceuta is also served by the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Distance_Education" title="National University of Distance Education">National University of Distance Education (UNED)</a>. </p><p>While primary and secondary education are generally offered in Spanish only, a growing number of schools are entering the Bilingual Education Programme.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="In what languages? (November 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people_from_Ceuta">Notable people from Ceuta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable people from Ceuta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="up_to_1800">up to 1800</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: up to 1800"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">Qadi Ayyad</a> (1083 in Ceuta –  1149) born in Ceuta, then belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Almoravids" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravids">Almoravids</a> was the great imam of that city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">Muhammad al-Idrisi</a> (1100 in Ceuta –  1165 in Ceuta) was a Muslim geographer, cartographer and Egyptologist. He lived in Palermo at the court of King <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II of Sicily</a>, known for the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Tabula_Rogeriana" title="Tabula Rogeriana">Tabula Rogeriana</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Abbas_as-Sabti" title="Abu al-Abbas as-Sabti">Abu al-Abbas as-Sabti</a> (1129 in Ceuta –  1204 in Marrakesh) the main <a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marrakesh" title="Marrakesh">Marrakesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_ben_Judah_of_Ceuta" title="Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta">Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1160</span> –  1226) a Jewish physician and poet, and disciple of <a href="/wiki/Moses_Maimonides" class="mw-redirect" title="Moses Maimonides">Moses Maimonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Abbas_al-Azafi" title="Abu al-Abbas al-Azafi">Abu al-Abbas al-Azafi</a> (1162 in Ceuta –  1236) a religious and legal scholar, member of the Banu al-Azafi who ruled Ceuta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_ibn_Rushayd" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed ibn Rushayd">Mohammed ibn Rushayd</a> (1259 in Sabta –  1321) a judge, writer and scholar of <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_of_Braganza" class="mw-redirect" title="Álvaro of Braganza">Álvaro of Braganza</a> (1440–1504) a president of Council of Castile.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Camocke" title="George Camocke">George Camocke</a> (1666–1732) a Royal Navy captain and former admiral for Spain who was exiled to Ceuta to live out the last years of his life.</li> <li>Don <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Leyba" title="Fernando de Leyba">Fernando de Leyba</a> (1734 in Ceuta –  1780) a Spanish officer who served as the third governor of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Louisiana">Upper Louisiana</a> from 1778 until his death.</li> <li>Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Antonio_Garc%C3%ADa_Carrasco" title="Francisco Antonio García Carrasco">Francisco Antonio García Carrasco</a> Díaz (1742 in Ceuta –  1813 in Lima, Peru) a Spanish soldier and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Governor_of_Chile" title="Royal Governor of Chile">Royal Governor of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Kindel%C3%A1n_y_O%27Regan" title="Sebastián Kindelán y O'Regan">Sebastián Kindelán y O'Regan</a> (1757 in Ceuta –  1826 in Santiago de Cuba) a colonel in the Spanish Army who served as governor of East Florida 1812/1815, of Santo Domingo 1818/1821 and was provisional governor of Cuba 1822/1823</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidro_de_Alaix_F%C3%A1bregas" title="Isidro de Alaix Fábregas">Isidro de Alaix Fábregas</a> Count of Vergara and Viscount of Villarrobledo, (1790 in Ceuta –  1853 in Madrid) a Spanish general of the <a href="/wiki/First_Carlist_War" title="First Carlist War">First Carlist War</a> who backed <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella II of Spain</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="since_1800">since 1800</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: since 1800"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Llano_de_la_Encomienda" title="Francisco Llano de la Encomienda">Francisco Llano de la Encomienda</a> (1879 in Ceuta –  1963 in Mexico City), a Spanish soldier. During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) he remained loyal to the Second Spanish Republic</li> <li>General <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Escobar_Huertas" title="Antonio Escobar Huertas">Antonio Escobar Huertas</a> (1879 in Ceuta –  executed 1940 in Barcelona), a Spanish military officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81frica_de_las_Heras" title="África de las Heras">África de las Heras</a> Gavilán (1909 in Ceuta –  1988 in Moscow), a Spanish Communist, naturalized Soviet citizen, and <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> spy who went by the code name <i>Patria</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Mart%C3%ADn" title="Eugenio Martín">Eugenio Martín</a> (born 1925 in Ceuta), a Spanish film director and screenwriter <sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UGC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UGC"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a user-generated source. (August 2023)">user-generated source?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Hassan" title="Jacob Hassan">Jacob Hassan</a>, PhD (1936 in Ceuta –  2006 in Madrid), a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a> of Sephardic Jewish descent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Chaves_Gonz%C3%A1lez" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Chaves González">Manuel Chaves González</a> (born 1945 in Ceuta), a Spanish politician of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. He served as the Third Vice President of the Spanish Government from 2009 to 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Castellano_de_Torres" title="Ramón Castellano de Torres">Ramón Castellano de Torres</a> (born 1947 in Ceuta), a Spanish artist, thought by some to be an expressionist painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Vel%C3%A1zquez_Rivera" title="Ignacio Velázquez Rivera">Ignacio Velázquez Rivera</a> (born 1953), first Mayor-President of <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jes%C3%BAs_Vivas" title="Juan Jesús Vivas">Juan Jesús Vivas</a> Lara (born 1953 in Ceuta), became the Mayor-President of Ceuta in Spain in 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Aviles" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Aviles">Pedro Avilés Gutiérrez</a> (born 1956 in Ceuta), a Spanish novelist from Madrid.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Isanta" title="Eva Isanta">Eva María Isanta Foncuberta</a> (born 1971 in Ceuta), a Spanish actress <sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UGC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UGC"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a user-generated source. (August 2023)">user-generated source?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Taieb_Ahmed" title="Mohamed Taieb Ahmed">Mohamed Taieb Ahmed</a> (born 1975 in Ceuta), a Spanish-Moroccan drug lord <sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> responsible for trafficking hashish across the Strait of Gibraltar and into Spain.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakesh_Narwani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakesh Narwani (page does not exist)">Rakesh Narwani</a> (born 1981 in Ceuta), a Spanish Filmmaker</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Lesmes" title="Francisco Lesmes">Francisco Lesmes</a> (1924–2005) and <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Lesmes" title="Rafael Lesmes">Rafael Lesmes</a> (1926–2012), brothers and Spanish footballers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirri" title="Pirri">José Martínez Sánchez</a> (born 1945 in Ceuta), nicknamed <i>Pirri</i>, a retired Spanish footballer, mainly played for Real Madrid, appearing in 561 competitive games and scoring 172 goals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ram%C3%B3n_L%C3%B3pez" title="José Ramón López">José Ramón López</a> (born 1950), a sprint canoer, silver medallist at the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migueli" title="Migueli">Miguel Bernardo Bianquetti</a> (born 1951 in Ceuta), known as <i>Migueli</i>, a Spanish retired footballer, 391 caps for <a href="/wiki/FC_Barcelona" title="FC Barcelona">FC Barcelona</a> and 32 for <a href="/wiki/Spain_men%27s_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain men's national football team">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayim" title="Nayim">Nayim</a> (born 1966 in Ceuta), a retired Spanish footballer; he scored a last-minute goal for Real Zaragoza in the 1995 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorena_Miranda" title="Lorena Miranda">Lorena Miranda</a> (born 1991 in Ceuta), a Spanish female water polo player, silver medallist at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuar_Tuhami" title="Anuar Tuhami">Anuar Tuhami</a> (born 1995 in Ceuta), a Spanish-Moroccan footballer, played one game for <a href="/wiki/Morocco_national_football_team" title="Morocco national football team">Morocco</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Spain" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain">List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain</a></div> <p>Ceuta is <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinned</a> with: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aci_Catena" title="Aci Catena">Aci Catena</a>, Italy<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a>, Spain (since 1997)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>, Spain (since 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, Spain<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m,_Portugal" title="Santarém, Portugal">Santarém</a>, Portugal<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dispute_with_Morocco">Dispute with Morocco</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Dispute with Morocco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Morocco" title="Cabinet of Morocco">Moroccan government</a> has repeatedly called for Spain to transfer the sovereignty of Ceuta, <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">plazas de soberanía</a></i> to Morocco, with Spain's refusal to do so serving as a major source of tension in <a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Morocco–Spain relations">Morocco–Spain relations</a>. In Morocco, Ceuta is frequently referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupied</a> Sebtah", and the Moroccan government has argued that the city, along with other Spanish territories in the region, are <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colonies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the major arguments used by Morocco in their attempts to acquire sovereignty over Ceuta refers to the geographical position of the city, as Ceuta is an <a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">exclave</a> surrounded by Moroccan territory and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> and has no territorial continuity with the rest of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This argument was originally developed by one of the founders of the Moroccan <a href="/wiki/Istiqlal_Party" title="Istiqlal Party">Istiqlal Party</a>, Alal-El Faasi, who openly advocated for Morocco to invade and occupy Ceuta and other North African territories under Spanish rule.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spain, in line with the majority of nations in the rest of the world, has never recognized Morocco's claim over Ceuta. The official position of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Spanish government</a> is that Ceuta is an integral part of Spain, and has been since the 16th century, centuries prior to Morocco's independence from Spain and France in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Ceuta's population support continued Spanish sovereignty and are opposed to Moroccan control over the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, Spain joined <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. However, Ceuta is not under NATO protection since Article 6 of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a> limits such coverage to Europe and North America and islands north of the <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer" title="Tropic of Cancer">Tropic of Cancer</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a> was explicitly included in the treaty upon France's entry. Legal experts have claimed that other articles of the treaty could cover Spanish territories in North Africa but this interpretation has not been tested in practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Newtral_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newtral-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">2022 Madrid summit</a>, the issue of the protection of Ceuta was raised by Spain, with NATO Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> stating: "On which territories NATO protects and Ceuta and Melilla, NATO is there to protect all Allies against any threats. At the end of the day, it will always be a political decision to invoke Article 5, but rest assured NATO is there to protect and defend all Allies".<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 December 2020, following statements made by Moroccan Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Saadeddine_Othmani" title="Saadeddine Othmani">Saadeddine Othmani</a> that Ceuta is "Moroccan as the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>", the Spanish government summoned the Moroccan ambassador, Karima Benyaich, to convey that Spain expects all its partners to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its territory in Africa and asked for an explanation for Othmani's words.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_Ceuta_FC" title="AD Ceuta FC">AD Ceuta FC</a>, football club</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Baths_(Ceuta)" title="Arab Baths (Ceuta)">Arab Baths in Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benz%C3%BA" title="Benzú">Benzú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Tryp_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel Tryp Ceuta">Hotel Tryp Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_border_fence" title="Ceuta border fence">Ceuta border fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_and_Melilla_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ceuta and Melilla (disambiguation)">Ceuta and Melilla (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i> – Spanish exclaves on the Moroccan coast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteadoras" title="Porteadoras">Porteadoras</a> – mule ladies, bale workers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Walls_of_Ceuta" title="Royal Walls of Ceuta">Royal Walls of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Morocco">Spanish Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_enclaves_in_North_Africa_before_1830" title="European enclaves in North Africa before 1830">European enclaves in North Africa before 1830</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></span></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs1"><i>Municipal Register of Spain 2018</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Institute_(Spain)" title="National Statistics Institute (Spain)">National Statistics Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Municipal+Register+of+Spain+2018&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Institute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElFaro-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ElFaro_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elfarodeceuta.es/caballas-4/">"Caballas"</a>. <i>El Faro de Ceuta</i> (in Spanish). 15 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Faro+de+Ceuta&rft.atitle=Caballas&rft.date=2011-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felfarodeceuta.es%2Fcaballas-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRAE-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DRAE_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dle.rae.es/caballa#T3UPRUS"><i>caballa | Diccionario de la lengua española</i></a> (in Spanish) (23.5 ed.). RAE-ASALE. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=caballa+%7C+Diccionario+de+la+lengua+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.edition=23.5&rft.pub=RAE-ASALE&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdle.rae.es%2Fcaballa%23T3UPRUS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ine.es/prensa/cre_2022.pdf">"Contabilidad Regional de España"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.ine.es</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ine.es&rft.atitle=Contabilidad+Regional+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fine.es%2Fprensa%2Fcre_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2011" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Roach_(phonetician)" title="Peter Roach (phonetician)">Roach, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jane_Setter" title="Jane Setter">Setter, Jane</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Esling" title="John Esling">Esling, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a></i> (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6"><bdi>978-0-521-15255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15255-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJefatura_del_Estado1995" class="citation cs2">Jefatura del Estado (14 March 1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1995/03/13/1"><i>Ley Orgánica 1/1995, de 13 de marzo, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Ceuta</i></a>, pp. 8055–8061<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ley+Org%C3%A1nica+1%2F1995%2C+de+13+de+marzo%2C+de+Estatuto+de+Autonom%C3%ADa+de+Ceuta&rft.pages=8055-8061&rft.date=1995-03-14&rft.au=Jefatura+del+Estado&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Feli%2Fes%2Flo%2F1995%2F03%2F13%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrer-Gallardo2008" class="citation journal cs1">Ferrer-Gallardo, Xavier (2008). 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(1843)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonney_&_al.190726-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonney_&_al.190726_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBonney_&_al.1907">Bonney & al. (1907)</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1854-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1854_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1854_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1854_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1854">Smith (1854)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lip-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lip_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lip_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLipiński2004">Lipiński (2004)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLSzNfdcqfoC&pg=PA422">422–425</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmedley_&_al.184549-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmedley_&_al.184549_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmedley_&_al.184549_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmedley_&_al.1845">Smedley & al. (1845)</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Ptolemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_Geography" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy's Geography">Geography</a></i>, IV.i.5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponius Mela</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaegi-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaegi_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter_E._Kaegi2010" class="citation book cs1">Walter E. Kaegi (4 November 2010). <i>Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19677-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19677-2"><bdi>978-0-521-19677-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Expansion+and+Byzantine+Collapse+in+North+Africa&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-11-04&rft.isbn=978-0-521-19677-2&rft.au=Walter+E.+Kaegi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kitto-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kitto_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_KittoWilliam_Lindsay_Alexander1864" class="citation book cs1">John Kitto; William Lindsay Alexander, eds. (1864). <i>A Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature</i>. Vol. 2. p. 350.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.pages=350&rft.date=1864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer1873-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDyer1873_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDyer1873">Dyer (1873)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMommsen" class="citation cs2">Mommsen, Theodore, <i>The Provinces of the Roman Empire</i>, s.v. "Africa"</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Provinces+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.pages=s.v.+%22Africa%22&rft.aulast=Mommsen&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibbKramers1994-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GibbKramers1994_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbJohannes_Hendrik_KramersBernard_LewisCharles_Pellat1994" class="citation cs2">Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen; Johannes Hendrik Kramers; Bernard Lewis; Charles Pellat; Joseph Schacht (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BZXrAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam</i></a>, E.J. Brill, p. 690</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=690&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=Hamilton+Alexander+Rosskeen&rft.au=Johannes+Hendrik+Kramers&rft.au=Bernard+Lewis&rft.au=Charles+Pellat&rft.au=Joseph+Schacht&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBZXrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerhat1995" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Halima_Ferhat" title="Halima Ferhat">Ferhat, Halima</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=Sabta&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Sabta"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> & <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Lecomte" title="Gérard Lecomte">Lecomte, G.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>.</i> Volume VIII:<i> Ned–Sam</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 690. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09834-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09834-3"><bdi>978-90-04-09834-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sabta&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+VIII%3A+Ned%E2%80%93Sam&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=690&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09834-3&rft.aulast=Ferhat&rft.aufirst=Halima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DSabta%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_de_Coca_Castañer1998" class="citation journal cs1">López de Coca Castañer, José Enrique (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12795%2Fhid.1998.i25.018">"Granada y la expansión portuguesa en el Magreb extremo"</a>. <i>Historia. Instituciones. Documentos</i> (25). Seville: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Sevilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de Sevilla">Universidad de Sevilla</a>: 351. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12795%2Fhid.1998.i25.018">10.12795/hid.1998.i25.018</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0210-7716">0210-7716</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252936676">252936676</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia.+Instituciones.+Documentos&rft.atitle=Granada+y+la+expansi%C3%B3n+portuguesa+en+el+Magreb+extremo&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=351&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252936676%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0210-7716&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12795%2Fhid.1998.i25.018&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+de+Coca+Casta%C3%B1er&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Enrique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.12795%252Fhid.1998.i25.018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Payne-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Payne_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/payne10.pdf">"Payne, Stanley G., <i>A History of Spain and Portugal</i>, Vol.1, Chap.10 "The Expansion"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Payne%2C+Stanley+G.%2C+A+History+of+Spain+and+Portugal%2C+Vol.1%2C+Chap.10+%22The+Expansion%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fpayne1%2Fpayne10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fortified-places-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fortified-places_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195340/http://www.fortified-places.com/ceuta/">"Ceuta"</a>. <i>fortified-places.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fortified-places.com/ceuta/">the original</a> on 17 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fortified-places.com&rft.atitle=Ceuta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fortified-places.com%2Fceuta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamen177-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kamen177_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamen1997" class="citation book cs1">Kamen, Henry (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wyWourPR5S8C&pg=PA177"><i>Philip of Spain</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07800-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07800-8"><bdi>978-0-300-07800-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philip+of+Spain&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-300-07800-8&rft.aulast=Kamen&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwyWourPR5S8C%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffinh-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Griffinh_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin,_H2010" class="citation book cs1">Griffin, H (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305205916/http://www.miragebooks.co.uk/ceuta"><i>Ceuta Mini Guide</i></a>. Mirage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9543335-3-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9543335-3-9"><bdi>978-0-9543335-3-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miragebooks.co.uk/ceuta">the original</a> on 5 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ceuta+Mini+Guide&rft.pub=Mirage&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-9543335-3-9&rft.au=Griffin%2C+H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miragebooks.co.uk%2Fceuta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritannica,_The_Editors_of_Encyclopaedia" class="citation web cs1">Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Ceuta">"Ceuta"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ceuta&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.au=Britannica%2C+The+Editors+of+Encyclopaedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FCeuta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ceuta"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ceuta">"Ceuta" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 05 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 777; see last eight lines.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ceuta&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=777%3B+see+last+eight+lines&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305205904/http://www.miragebooks.co.uk/ceuta-guide/ceuta-history.html">"History of Ceuta"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miragebooks.co.uk/ceuta-guide/ceuta-history.html">the original</a> on 5 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Ceuta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miragebooks.co.uk%2Fceuta-guide%2Fceuta-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121207133923/http://www.typicallyspanish.com/news/publish/article_13051.shtml">"Franco monument now part of a rubbish dump in Ceuta"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typicallyspanish.com/news/publish/article_13051.shtml">the original</a> on 7 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Franco+monument+now+part+of+a+rubbish+dump+in+Ceuta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.typicallyspanish.com%2Fnews%2Fpublish%2Farticle_13051.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrionesTarrésSalguero2013" class="citation book cs1">Briones, Rafael; Tarrés, Sol; Salguero, Óscar (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pluralismoyconvivencia.es/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Minor%C3%ADas-religiosas-en-Ceuta-y-en-Melilla.pdf"><i>Encuentros. Diversidad religiosa en Ceuta y Melilla</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Editorial Pluralismo y Convivencia. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-9888-523-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-9888-523-1"><bdi>978-84-9888-523-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encuentros.+Diversidad+religiosa+en+Ceuta+y+Melilla&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Editorial+Pluralismo+y+Convivencia&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-84-9888-523-1&rft.aulast=Briones&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rft.au=Tarr%C3%A9s%2C+Sol&rft.au=Salguero%2C+%C3%93scar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pluralismoyconvivencia.es%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F12%2FMinor%25C3%25ADas-religiosas-en-Ceuta-y-en-Melilla.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBárbulo2009" class="citation news cs1">Bárbulo, Tomás (22 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Resistir/monte/Renegado/elpepuesp/20090322elpepinac_9/Tes">"Resistir en el monte del Renegado"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interviu&rft.atitle=Vuelve+%27El+Nene%27&rft.date=2008-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interviu.es%2Freportajes%2Farticulos%2Fvuelve-el-nene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://femp.femp.es/files/566-1113-archivo/LISTADO%20HERMANAMIENTOS%20CON%20EUROPA.pdf">"Listado de corporaciones locales españolas hermanadas con Europa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Federation_of_Municipalities_and_Provinces" title="Spanish Federation of Municipalities and Provinces">Spanish Federation of Municipalities and Provinces</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171003124430/http://femp.femp.es/files/566-1113-archivo/LISTADO%20HERMANAMIENTOS%20CON%20EUROPA.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listado+de+corporaciones+locales+espa%C3%B1olas+hermanadas+con+Europa&rft.pub=Spanish+Federation+of+Municipalities+and+Provinces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffemp.femp.es%2Ffiles%2F566-1113-archivo%2FLISTADO%2520HERMANAMIENTOS%2520CON%2520EUROPA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorrales2012" class="citation journal cs1">Corrales, Carlos (5 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europasur.es/algeciras/Ceuta-Algeciras-lustros-ciudades-hermanadas_0_612838954.html">"Ceuta y Algeciras, tres lustros como ciudades hermanadas"</a>. <i>Europa Sur</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europa+Sur&rft.atitle=Ceuta+y+Algeciras%2C+tres+lustros+como+ciudades+hermanadas&rft.date=2012-08-05&rft.aulast=Corrales&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europasur.es%2Falgeciras%2FCeuta-Algeciras-lustros-ciudades-hermanadas_0_612838954.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurio2009" class="citation journal cs1">Durio, Pablo Manuel (19 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diariodecadiz.es/cadiz/Cadiz-familia-numerosa_0_297570545.html">"Cádiz tiene ya una familia más que numerosa"</a>. <i>Diario de Cádiz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diario+de+C%C3%A1diz&rft.atitle=C%C3%A1diz+tiene+ya+una+familia+m%C3%A1s+que+numerosa&rft.date=2009-09-19&rft.aulast=Durio&rft.aufirst=Pablo+Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariodecadiz.es%2Fcadiz%2FCadiz-familia-numerosa_0_297570545.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14114627">"Ceuta, Melilla profile"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 14 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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A contemporary study of the Spanish North African exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla</i>. Liverpool University Press. pp. XII–XIII. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85323-985-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85323-985-1"><bdi>0-85323-985-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe+or+Africa%3F+A+contemporary+study+of+the+Spanish+North+African+exclaves+of+Ceuta+and+Melilla&rft.pages=XII-XIII&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-85323-985-1&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastan_Pinos2014" class="citation book cs1">Castan Pinos, J. (2014). "The Spanish-Moroccan relationship: combining bonne entente with territorial disputes". In K. Stoklosa (ed.). <i>Living on the border. European Border Regions in Comparison</i>. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Spanish-Moroccan+relationship%3A+combining+bonne+entente+with+territorial+disputes&rft.btitle=Living+on+the+border.+European+Border+Regions+in+Comparison&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Castan+Pinos&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastan_Pinos2014" class="citation book cs1">Castan Pinos, J. 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Ceuta: Instituto de Estudios Ceutíes. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-92627-67-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-92627-67-7"><bdi>978-84-92627-67-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Fortaleza+Europea%3A+Schengen%2C+Ceuta+y+Melilla&rft.place=Ceuta&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Instituto+de+Estudios+Ceut%C3%ADes&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-84-92627-67-7&rft.aulast=Castan+Pinos&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTremlett2003" class="citation news cs1">Tremlett, Giles (12 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/jun/12/worlddispatch.gibraltar">"A rocky relationship"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+rocky+relationship&rft.date=2003-06-12&rft.aulast=Tremlett&rft.aufirst=Giles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2003%2Fjun%2F12%2Fworlddispatch.gibraltar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois_Papet-Périn2012" class="citation thesis cs1">François Papet-Périn (2012). <i>La mer d'Alboran ou Le contentieux territorial hispano-marocain sur les deux bornes européennes de Ceuta et Melilla</i> (doctorat d'histoire contemporaine soutenue thesis). Paris 1-Sorbonne. 2 volumes.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=La+mer+d%27Alboran+ou+Le+contentieux+territorial+hispano-marocain+sur+les+deux+bornes+europ%C3%A9ennes+de+Ceuta+et+Melilla&rft.degree=doctorat+d%27histoire+contemporaine+soutenue&rft.inst=Paris+1-Sorbonne&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Papet-P%C3%A9rin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newtral-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newtral_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThess_Móstoles2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thess Móstoles (2 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newtral.es/ceuta-melilla-otan-expertos/20211002/">"¿Están Ceuta y Melilla bajo el paraguas de la OTAN?"</a>. <i>Newtral</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newtral&rft.atitle=%C2%BFEst%C3%A1n+Ceuta+y+Melilla+bajo+el+paraguas+de+la+OTAN%3F&rft.date=2021-10-02&rft.au=Thess+M%C3%B3stoles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newtral.es%2Fceuta-melilla-otan-expertos%2F20211002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJens_Stoltenberg2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> (30 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_197301.htm">"Press conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg following the meeting of the North Atlantic Council at the level of Heads of State and Government (2022 NATO Summit)"</a>. <i>NATO</i> (transcript)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NATO&rft.atitle=Press+conference+by+NATO+Secretary+General+Jens+Stoltenberg+following+the+meeting+of+the+North+Atlantic+Council+at+the+level+of+Heads+of+State+and+Government+%282022+NATO+Summit%29&rft.date=2022-06-30&rft.au=Jens+Stoltenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fcps%2Fen%2Fnatohq%2Fopinions_197301.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/politica/espana-convoca-embajadora-marruecos-declaraciones-ceuta-melilla_1_6523031.html">"España convoca a la embajadora de Marruecos por unas declaraciones de su primer ministro sobre Ceuta y Melilla"</a>. <i>elDiario.es</i> (in Spanish). 21 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elDiario.es&rft.atitle=Espa%C3%B1a+convoca+a+la+embajadora+de+Marruecos+por+unas+declaraciones+de+su+primer+ministro+sobre+Ceuta+y+Melilla&rft.date=2020-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fpolitica%2Fespana-convoca-embajadora-marruecos-declaraciones-ceuta-melilla_1_6523031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2020/12/22/moroccan-ambassador-to-spain-summoned-over-calls-for-territorial-sovereignty-talks/">"Moroccan Ambassador to Spain summoned over calls for territorial sovereignty talks"</a>. <i>AfricaNews</i>. 22 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AfricaNews&rft.atitle=Moroccan+Ambassador+to+Spain+summoned+over+calls+for+territorial+sovereignty+talks&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2020%2F12%2F22%2Fmoroccan-ambassador-to-spain-summoned-over-calls-for-territorial-sovereignty-talks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonney_&_al.1907" class="citation cs2">Bonney, Thomas George; et al. (1907), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41263/41263-8.txt"><i>The Mediterranean: Its Storied Cities and Venerable Ruins</i></a>, New York: James Pott & Co</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mediterranean%3A+Its+Storied+Cities+and+Venerable+Ruins&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=James+Pott+%26+Co&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Bonney&rft.aufirst=Thomas+George&rft.au=Eustace+Alfred+Reynolds-Ball&rft.au=Henry+Duff+Traill&rft.au=Grant+Allen&rft.au=Arthur+Griffiths&rft.au=Robert+Brown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F41263%2F41263-8.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCauvin_&_al.1843" class="citation cs2">Cauvin, Joseph; et al., eds. (1843), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yvQDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3">"Abila"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yvQDAAAAQAAJ"><i>Lempriere's Classical Dictionary, Abridged by E.h. Barker</i></a>, London: Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abila&rft.btitle=Lempriere%27s+Classical+Dictionary%2C+Abridged+by+E.h.+Barker&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Brown%2C+Green%2C+%26+Longmans&rft.date=1843&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyvQDAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyer1873" class="citation cs2">Dyer, Thomas H. (1873), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j3gPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA965">"Septem Fratres"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j3gPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP9"><i>A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography</i></a>, vol. II, London: John Murray, p. 965</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Septem+Fratres&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=965&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1873&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj3gPAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipiński2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lipinski_(orientalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Lipinski (orientalist)">Lipiński, Edward</a> (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLSzNfdcqfoC"><i>Itineraria Phoenicia</i></a>, <i>Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta</i>, No.<span class="nowrap"> </span>127, <i>Studia Phoenicia</i>, Vol.<span class="nowrap"> </span>XVIII, Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789042913448" title="Special:BookSources/9789042913448"><bdi>9789042913448</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Itineraria+Phoenicia&rft.place=Leuven&rft.series=%27%27Orientalia+Lovaniensia+Analecta%27%27%2C+No.%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E127%2C+%27%27Studia+Phoenicia%27%27%2C+Vol.%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3EXVIII&rft.pub=Uitgeverij+Peeters&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9789042913448&rft.aulast=Lipi%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSLSzNfdcqfoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmedley_&_al.1845" class="citation cs2">Smedley, Edward; et al., eds. (1845), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I1I_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA48">"Mauritania"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I1I_AQAAMAAJ"><i>Encyclopaedia Metropolitana</i></a>, vol. XXII, London: B. Fellowes & al., pp. 48–49</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mauritania&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Metropolitana&rft.place=London&rft.pages=48-49&rft.pub=B.+Fellowes+%26+al.&rft.date=1845&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI1I_AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1854" class="citation cs2">Smith, Philip (1854), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=abyla-geo&highlight=abyla">"Abyla"</a>, <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography</i>, London: Walton & Maberly</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abyla&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Walton+%26+Maberly&rft.date=1854&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aentry%3Dabyla-geo%26highlight%3Dabyla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ceuta" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ceuta">Ceuta</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ceuta#Q5823" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Ceuta">Ceuta</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ceuta"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ceuta">"Ceuta" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ceuta&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeuta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceuta.es/">Official Ceuta government website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://turismodeceuta.com/">Ceuta tourism website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li 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title="Template talk:Ceuta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ceuta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ceuta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceuta" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceuta</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anyera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anyera (page does not exist)">Anyera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Baths_(Ceuta)" title="Arab Baths (Ceuta)">Arab Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Bien_de_Inter%C3%A9s_Cultural_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Bien de Interés Cultural in Ceuta (page does not exist)"><i>Bienes de interés cultural</i> in Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_los_Dragones" title="Casa de los Dragones">Casa de los Dragones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_Cathedral" title="Ceuta Cathedral">Cathedral of St Mary of the Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_border_fence" title="Ceuta border fence">Ceuta border fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_Heliport" title="Ceuta Heliport">Ceuta Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Francisco,_Ceuta" title="Church of San Francisco, Ceuta">Church of San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine of Our Lady of Africa">Shrine of Our Lady of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermita_de_San_Antonio" title="Ermita de San Antonio">Ermita de San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Alfonso_Murube" title="Estadio Alfonso Murube">Estadio Alfonso Murube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Tryp_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel Tryp Ceuta">Hotel Tryp Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punta_Almina_Lighthouse" title="Punta Almina Lighthouse">Punta Almina Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Museum_of_the_Legion" title="Military Museum of the Legion">Military Museum of the Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumento_del_Llano_Amarillo" title="Monumento del Llano Amarillo">Monumento del Llano Amarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosque_of_Muley_El_Mehdi,_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosque of Muley El Mehdi, Ceuta (page does not exist)">Mosque of Muley El Mehdi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palace_of_Assembly_of_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palace of Assembly of Ceuta (page does not exist)">Palace of Assembly of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_Mar%C3%ADtimo_del_Mediterr%C3%A1neo" title="Parque Marítimo del Mediterráneo">Parque Marítimo del Mediterráneo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plaza_de_%C3%81frica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plaza de África (page does not exist)">Plaza de África</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Walls_of_Ceuta" title="Royal Walls of Ceuta">Royal Walls of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinid_Walls_of_Ceuta" title="Marinid Walls of Ceuta">Marinid Walls of Ceuta</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta"><img alt="Ceuta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/84px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="84" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/126px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/168px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Ceuta" title="Bay of Ceuta">Bay of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benz%C3%BA" title="Benzú">Benzú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Santa_Catalina" title="Isla de Santa Catalina">Isla de Santa Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Hacho" title="Monte Hacho">Monte Hacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_of_Almina" title="Peninsula of Almina">Peninsula of Almina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perejil_Island" title="Perejil Island">Perejil Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_Ben%C3%ADtez" title="Playa Benítez">Playa Benítez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_Calamocarro" title="Playa Calamocarro">Playa Calamocarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_del_Chorillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Playa del Chorillo">Playa del Chorillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_El_Desnarigado" title="Playa El Desnarigado">Playa El Desnarigado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_El_Tarajal" title="Playa El Tarajal">Playa El Tarajal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Playa_Miramar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Playa Miramar (page does not exist)">Playa Miramar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_de_la_Ribera" title="Playa de la Ribera">Playa de la Ribera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_del_Sarchal" class="mw-redirect" title="Playa del Sarchal">Playa del Sarchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_San_Amaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Playa San Amaro">Playa San Amaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ceuta" title="Port of Ceuta">Port of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe_(Ceuta)" title="Príncipe (Ceuta)">Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punta_Blanca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punta Blanca (page does not exist)">Punta Blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingitan_Peninsula" title="Tingitan Peninsula">Tingitan Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramaguera" class="mw-redirect" title="Tramaguera">Tramaguera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septem_(Ceuta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Septem (Ceuta)">Septem (Roman Ceuta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian,_Count_of_Ceuta" title="Julian, Count of Ceuta">Julian, Count of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Isam" title="Banu Isam">Banu Isam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Ceuta" title="Taifa of Ceuta">Taifa of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_and_companions" title="Daniel and companions">Daniel and Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Ceuta">Conquest of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Algarve" title="Kingdom of the Algarve">Kingdom of the Algarve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ceuta" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ceuta">Roman Catholic Diocese of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ceuta_(1419)" title="Siege of Ceuta (1419)">Siege of Ceuta (1419)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon_(1668)" title="Treaty of Lisbon (1668)">Treaty of Lisbon (1668)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidal_Mar%C3%ADn_del_Campo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidal Marín del Campo">Vidal Marín del Campo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Ceuta_(1694%E2%80%931727)" title="Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727)">Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ceuta_(1790%E2%80%931791)" title="Siege of Ceuta (1790–1791)">Siege of Ceuta (1790–1791)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta">COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Morocco%E2%80%93Spain_diplomatic_conflict" title="2007 Morocco–Spain diplomatic conflict">2007 Morocco–Spain diplomatic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caballas_Coalition" title="Caballas Coalition">Caballas Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_(Spanish_Congress_Electoral_District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceuta (Spanish Congress Electoral District)">Ceuta (Spanish Congress Electoral District)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_(Senate_constituency)" title="Ceuta (Senate constituency)">Ceuta (Senate constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_Ya!" title="Ceuta Ya!">Ceuta Ya!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceutan_Democratic_Union" title="Ceutan Democratic Union">Ceutan Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_Social_Party_of_Ceuta" title="Democratic and Social Party of Ceuta">Democratic and Social Party of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Dignity_and_Citizenship" title="Movement for Dignity and Citizenship">Movement for Dignity and Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Ceuta" title="List of governors of Ceuta">List of governors of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor-President_of_Ceuta" title="Mayor-President of Ceuta">Mayor-President of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Ceuta" title="People's Party of Ceuta">People's Party of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_People_of_Ceuta" title="Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta">Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Ceuta" title="Statute of Autonomy of Ceuta">Statute of Autonomy of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Muslims_of_Ceuta" title="Union of Muslims of Ceuta">Union of Muslims of Ceuta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_Football_Federation" title="Ceuta Football Federation">Ceuta Football Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisiones_Regionales_de_F%C3%BAtbol_in_Ceuta_and_Melilla" title="Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Ceuta and Melilla">Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Ceuta and Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Alfonso_Murube" title="Estadio Alfonso Murube">Estadio Alfonso Murube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_Ceuta" title="AD Ceuta">AD Ceuta</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/AD_Ceuta_B" title="AD Ceuta B">AD Ceuta B</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_Ceuta_FC" title="AD Ceuta FC">AD Ceuta FC</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/AD_Ceuta_FC_B" title="AD Ceuta FC B">AD Ceuta FC B</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AgD_Ceuta" title="AgD Ceuta">AgD Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SD_Ceuta" title="SD Ceuta">SD Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUGC_Deportiva_Ceuta" title="AUGC Deportiva Ceuta">AUGC Deportiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Ceuta_6_de_Junio" title="CD Ceuta 6 de Junio">Ceuta 6 de Junio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Imperio_de_Ceuta_SD" title="Club Imperio de Ceuta SD">Imperio de Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CB_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="CB Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Star" title="Africa Star">Africa Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Ceuta" title="Coat of arms of Ceuta">Coat of arms of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ceuta" title="Flag of Ceuta">Flag of Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medalla_de_la_Autonom%C3%ADa_de_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medalla de la Autonomía de Ceuta (page does not exist)">Medalla de la Autonomía de Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisi%C3%B3n_Ceuta" title="Radio Televisión Ceuta">Radio Televisión Ceuta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/23px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/35px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/45px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/23px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/35px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/46px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/20px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/30px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/39px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/23px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/35px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/45px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="340" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/96px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/128px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_cities_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous cities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceuta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/45px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Vélez de la Gomera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Template:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Capital of Castile and León">de facto</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Region of Murcia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceuta</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/50px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/75px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/100px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Autonomous cities</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portuguese_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template talk:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portuguese_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1415–1640</td><td> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceuta</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1458–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Alcácer Ceguer <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Qsar es Seghir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Asilah" title="Portuguese Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Tangier" title="Portuguese Tangier">Tangier</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1485–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1487–16th century</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ouadane" title="Ouadane">Ouadane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1488–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Safi,_Morocco" title="Safi, Morocco">Safim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Safi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1489</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Graciosa_fortress" title="Graciosa fortress">Graciosa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué <span style="font-size:85%;">(Agadir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Mogador <span style="font-size:85%;">(Essaouira)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Souira_Guedima" title="Souira Guedima">Aguz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Souira Guedima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1769</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1513–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azamor <span style="font-size:85%;">(Azemmour)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mehdya,_Morocco" title="Mehdya, Morocco">São João da Mamora <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mehdya)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1577–1589</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Asilah" title="Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)"><img alt="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/300px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/450px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/600px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Sub-Saharan_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sub-Saharan Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1455–1633</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguim</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1462–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1470–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_Island" title="São Tomé Island">São Tomé</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Príncipe">Príncipe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1474–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Annob%C3%B3n" title="Annobón">Annobón</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1478–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Fernando Poo <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bioko)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1637</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Elmina" title="Elmina">Elmina <span style="font-size:85%;">(São Jorge da Mina)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1642</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Gold_Coast" title="Portuguese Gold Coast">Portuguese Gold Coast</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1540</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1630</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Malindi" title="Malindi">Malindi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1501–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1502–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1503–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1512</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Quíloa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kilwa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1511</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1508–1547<sup><small>2</small></sup></td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1578</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1575–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1593–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1645–1888</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ziguinchor" title="Ziguinchor">Ziguinchor</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_de_Ajud%C3%A1" title="Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá">São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1687–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1728–1729</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1753–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1879–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1885–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cabinda_Province" title="Cabinda Province">Portuguese Congo</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> from 1753.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Or 1600.</li><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> A factory (<a href="/wiki/Anosy" title="Anosy">Anosy Region</a>) and small temporary coastal bases.</li><li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> from 1879.</li><li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> from the 1920s.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Middle_East_&#91;Persian_Gulf&#93;" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Middle East [Persian Gulf]</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1615</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Gamru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bandar Abbas)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1507–1643</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ormus" title="Ormus">Hormuz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ormus)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qurayyat,_Oman" title="Qurayyat, Oman">Quriyat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qalhat" title="Qalhat">Qalhat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1650</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Barka,_Oman" title="Barka, Oman">Barka</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1633?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1602</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Muharraq" title="Muharraq">Muharraq</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>)</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1529?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521?–1551?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Tarout_Island" title="Tarout Island">Tarut Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1550–1551</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muttrah" title="Muttrah">Matrah</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1620–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan" title="Khor Fakkan">Khor Fakkan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Seeb" title="Seeb">As Sib</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qeshm_Island" title="Qeshm Island">Qeshm</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khasab" title="Khasab">Khasab</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Al_Badiyah" title="Al Badiyah">Libedia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madha" title="Madha">Madha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dibba_Al-Hisn" title="Dibba Al-Hisn">Dibba Al-Hisn</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kong,_Iran" title="Kong, Iran">Bandar-e Kong</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1545</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Laccadive Islands<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Lakshadweep)</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1500–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kochi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1501–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Cannanore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kannur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1502–1658<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1659–1661</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Coulão / Kollam)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1502–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pallippuram,_Ernakulam" title="Pallippuram, Ernakulam">Pallipuram <span style="font-size:85%;">(Cochin de Cima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1507–1657</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Negapatam" title="Portuguese Negapatam">Negapatam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Nagapatnam)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1510–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1512–1525<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1750</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Kozhikode)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1518–1619</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pulicat" title="Pulicat">Portuguese Paliacate outpost <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pulicat)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1521–1740</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1523–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1528–1666</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Chittagong<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Porto Grande De Bengala)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chalé</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1601</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mumbai)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535–1739</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Baçaím <span style="font-size:85%;">(Vasai-Virar)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1536–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Cranganore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kodungallur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1540–1612</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1548–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Tuticorin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Thoothukudi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1559–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1568–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1579–1632</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hugli-Chuchura" title="Hugli-Chuchura">Hugli</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1598–1610</td><td><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Masulipatnam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Machilipatnam)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1521</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese Ceylon <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sri Lanka)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1558–1573</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1687–1749</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1779–1954</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="East_Asia_and_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">East Asia and Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1511–1641</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> [Malaysia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1621</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1522–1575</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1576–1605</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1650</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1665</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1859</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Larantuka</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a> [China]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1580–1586</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Nagasaki" title="Portuguese Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> [Japan]</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1642–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>)</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1864–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1851–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1890–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ilha_Verde" title="Ilha Verde">Ilha Verde</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>20th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese Macau </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1938–1941</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Lapa and Montanha <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hengqin)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">invasion by Indonesia</a>. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_America_and_North_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America and North Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b> [Atlantic islands]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1420</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></b></i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1432</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b> [Canada]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Terra Nova <span style="font-size:85%;">(Newfoundland)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1516–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_America_and_Caribbean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America and Caribbean</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1549</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_Colonies_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy Colonies of Brazil">Captaincy Colonies of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1549–1572</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Bahia" title="Governorate General of Bahia">Bahia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1607</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1621–1815</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1536–1620</td><td> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1751</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_(colonial)" title="State of Maranhão (colonial)">Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1777</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Colonia del Sacramento">Nova Colónia do Sacramento</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1751–1772</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão">Grão-Pará and Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Rio_Negro" title="State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro">Grão-Pará and Rio Negro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_and_Piau%C3%AD" title="State of Maranhão and Piauí">Maranhão and Piauí</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1808–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cisplatina" title="Cisplatina">Cisplatina <span style="font-size:85%;">(Uruguay)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1809–1817</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Portuguese Guiana <span style="font-size:85%;">(Amapá)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bolivia)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Portuguese_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of Portuguese colonies">Armorial of Portuguese colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Evolution of the Portuguese Empire">Evolution of the Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese colonial architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Portuguese_discovery_of_Australia" title="Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia">Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" title="Template:Countries and territories of North Africa"><abbr title="View this 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Partially recognized state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"><img alt="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">SADR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a><sup>1</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceuta</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Vélez de la Gomera</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halaib_Triangle" title="Halaib Triangle">Hala'ib Triangle</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Halfa_Salient" title="Wadi Halfa Salient">Wadi Halfa Salient</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Tawil" title="Bir Tawil">Bir Tawil</a><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>/<a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyei" title="Abyei">Abyei</a><sup>6</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafia_Kingi" title="Kafia Kingi">Kafia Kingi</a><sup>6</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aouzou_Strip" title="Aouzou Strip">Aouzou Strip</a><sup>7</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perejil_Island" title="Perejil Island">Perejil</a><sup>8</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><sup>1</sup>Entirely claimed by both Morocco and the <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">SADR</a>.</i> <i><sup>2</sup>Spanish exclaves claimed by Morocco.</i> <i><sup>3</sup>Portuguese archipelago claimed by Spain.</i> <i><sup>4</sup>Disputed between Egypt and the Sudan.</i> <i><sup>5</sup><a href="/wiki/Terra_nullius" title="Terra nullius">Unclaimed territory</a> located between Egypt and the Sudan.</i> <i><sup>6</sup>Disputed between South Sudan and the Sudan.</i> <i><sup>7</sup>Part of Chad, formerly claimed by Libya.</i> <i><sup>8</sup>Disputed between Morocco and Spain</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template talk:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Hippos ship"><img alt="Phoenician Hippos ship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/20px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/30px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/40px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="525" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Phoenician_cities" title="List of Phoenician cities">Phoenician cities and colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Camarata_(Mauretania)" title="Camarata (Mauretania)">Camarata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartennae" title="Cartennae">Cartennae</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9n%C3%A8s" title="Ténès">Tenes</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hippo_Regius" title="Hippo Regius">Hippo Regius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icosium" title="Icosium">Icosium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igilgili" title="Igilgili">Igilgili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Iol (Cherchell)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iomnium" title="Iomnium">Iomnium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tigzirt" title="Tigzirt">Tigzirt</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cirta" title="Cirta">Cirta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Djinet" title="Djinet">Kissi (Djinet)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macomades" title="Macomades">Macomades</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calama_(Numidia)" title="Calama (Numidia)">Malaca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rachgoun" title="Rachgoun">Rachgoun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusazus" title="Rusazus">Rusazus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azeffoun" title="Azeffoun">Azeffoun</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Rusguniae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Tamentfoust</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skikda" title="Skikda">Rusicade (Skikda)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusippisir" title="Rusippisir">Rusippisir (Taksebt)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusubbicari" title="Rusubbicari">Rusubbicari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zemmouri" title="Zemmouri">Zemmouri</a> El Bahri)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dellys" title="Dellys">Rusuccuru (Dellys)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zara%C3%AF" title="Zaraï">Sarai</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Oulmene" title="Aïn Oulmene">Aïn Oulmene</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thagora" title="Thagora">Thagora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taoura" title="Taoura">Taoura</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Mauretania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipasa in Mauretania">Tipasa in Mauretania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Numidia" title="Tipasa in Numidia">Tipasa in Numidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timici" title="Timici">Timici</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dali,_Cyprus" title="Dali, Cyprus">Dhali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lapathus_(Cyprus)" title="Lapathus (Cyprus)">Lapathus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus" title="Marion, Cyprus">Marion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Callista (Santorini)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxi">Paxi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achzib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Akka (Acre)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dor" title="Tel Dor">Dora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Michal" title="Tel Michal">Michal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia-Arsuf">Reshef</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Shikmona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Strato's Tower (Caesarea)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bithia,_Italy" title="Bithia, Italy">Bitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cape Melqart (Cefalù)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drepana" title="Drepana">Drepanum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Kapara (Soluntum)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cagliari" title="History of Cagliari">Karaly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Lilybaeum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neapolis,_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolis, Sardinia">Neapolis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nora,_Italy" title="Nora, Italy">Nora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olbia" title="Olbia">Olbia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sulci" title="Sulci">Sulci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antioco" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Ṣiṣ (Palermo)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Ampi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Athar (Tripoli)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Birut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Botrys (Teros)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal (Byblos)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Burak" title="Tell el-Burak">Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh"> Porphyreon (Jieh)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Sur (Tyre)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushu" title="Ushu">Ushu (Palaetyrus)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Amad,_Lebanon" title="Umm al-Amad, Lebanon">Umm al-Amad</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oea" title="Oea">Oyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Tsabratan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Maleth (<a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">Ann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gaulos (Gozo)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C4%A7ajn_Qajjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Għajn Qajjet (page does not exist)">Għajn Qajjet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mtarfa" title="Mtarfa">Mtarfa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ras_il-Wardija" title="Ras il-Wardija">Ras il-Wardija</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Tas-Silġ">Tas-Silġ</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azama (Azemmour)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Arambys (Mogador)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caricus_Murus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caricus Murus (page does not exist)">Caricus Murus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lixus_(ancient_city)" title="Lixus (ancient city)">Likush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Shalat (Chellah)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamusida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamusida">Tamusida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tingis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingis">Tinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anfa" title="Anfa">Anfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mogador_Island" title="Mogador Island">Mogador</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oualidia" title="Oualidia">Oualidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iulia_Constantia_Zilil" title="Iulia Constantia Zilil">Zilil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Gadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Sala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterium" title="Thymiaterium">Thymiaterium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Rusibis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portus Hannibalis</a></dd> <dd>Portus Magonis (Portimão)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Olissipona (Lisbon)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Ossonoba (Faro)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(Roman_town)" title="Balsa (Roman town)">Balsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Spain" title="Abdera, Spain">Abdera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adra,_Spain" title="Adra, Spain">Adra</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abyla" title="Abyla">Abyla</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceuta</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Gadir (Cadiz)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guardamar_del_Segura" title="Guardamar del Segura">Herna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sa_Caleta_Phoenician_Settlement" title="Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement">Iboshim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%B3n" title="Mahón">Mahón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="History of Málaga">Malake</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Onoba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Carthage (Cartagena)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rushadir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saguntum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saguntum">Saguntum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sexi_(Phoenician_colony)" title="Sexi (Phoenician colony)">Sexi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Almunecar" class="mw-redirect" title="Almunecar">Almunecar</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADjola" title="Tíjola">Tagilit (Tíjola)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Los_Toscanos" title="Los Toscanos">Toscanos</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Velez</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peniscola" title="Peniscola">Tyreche</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit">Marat (Amrit)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baniyas" title="Baniyas">Balanaea (Baniyas)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carne,_Phoenicia" title="Carne, Phoenicia">Carne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paltus" title="Paltus">Paltus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Safita" title="Safita">Safita</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sukas" title="Tell Sukas">Shuksi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kazel" title="Tell Kazel">Sumur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kelibia" title="Kelibia">Aspis (Kelibia)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Regia" title="Bulla Regia">Bulla Regia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hadrumetum" title="Hadrumetum">Hadrumetum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerkouane" title="Kerkouane">Kerkouane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Parva" title="Leptis Parva">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maqom_Hadesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqom Hadesh">Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meninx_(town)" title="Meninx (town)">Meninx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspe" title="Ruspe">Ruspe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspina" title="Ruspina">Ruspina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Kef" title="El Kef">Sicca (El Kef)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thenae" title="Thenae">Tayinat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyna" title="Thyna">Thyna</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thysdrus" title="Thysdrus">Thysdrus</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Djem" title="El Djem">El Djem</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Myriandus" title="Myriandus">Myriandus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Phoenicus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tahpanhes" title="Tahpanhes">Tahpanhes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5823#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5823#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5823#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/5748169639245696580002">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1208190/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfGT48YRvGqPr7CW746rq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4085201-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80038188">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12243542n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12243542n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ceuta (Španělsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128911&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4659610">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm132g674nbhzp6">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564226305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514583106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/381524a3-718f-4a22-837e-e3bc698a45ef">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/zV9TVfkr">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031167772">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044582">NARA</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044581">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&oldid=1259092265">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceuta&oldid=1259092265</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ceuta" title="Category:Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Autonomous_cities_of_Spain" title="Category:Autonomous cities of Spain">Autonomous cities of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Enclaves_and_exclaves" title="Category:Enclaves and exclaves">Enclaves and exclaves</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_Portuguese_colonies" title="Category:Former Portuguese colonies">Former Portuguese colonies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kingdom_of_the_Algarve" title="Category:Kingdom of the Algarve">Kingdom of the Algarve</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mediterranean_port_cities_and_towns_in_Spain" title="Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Spain">Mediterranean port cities and towns in Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Morocco%E2%80%93Spain_border_crossings" title="Category:Morocco–Spain border crossings">Morocco–Spain border crossings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:NUTS_2_statistical_regions_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union">NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European 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