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based method</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: population based method"> <meta name="keywords" content="population based method"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="population based method"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 42883</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: population based method</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42883</span> Rural Landscape Design-Method Researching Based on the Population Diversification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhou%20Ziyi">Zhou Ziyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Qiuxiao"> Chen Qiuxiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Shuang"> Wu Shuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Population diversification is very common in villages located in the developed coastal areas of China. Based on the analyses of the characteristics of the traditional rural society and its landscape, also in consideration of the diversified landscape demand due to the population diversification of the village, with the dual ideas of heritage and innovation, the ideas and methods of rural landscape design were explored by taking Duxuao Village in Zhejiang Province of China as an example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20landscape" title="rural landscape">rural landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20diversification" title=" population diversification"> population diversification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20design" title=" landscape design"> landscape design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3754/rural-landscape-design-method-researching-based-on-the-population-diversification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">610</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42882</span> A Comparative Study to Evaluate Chronological Age and Dental Age in the North Indian Population Using Cameriere's Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjitkumar%20Patil">Ranjitkumar Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Age estimation has importance in forensic dentistry. Dental age estimation has emerged as an alternative to skeletal age determination. The methods based on stages of tooth formation, as appreciated on radiographs, seem to be more appropriate in the assessment of age than those based on skeletal development. The study was done to evaluate dental age in the north Indian population using Cameriere’s method. Aims/Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the dental age of North Indian children using Cameriere’s method and to compare the chronological age and dental age for validation of the Cameriere’s method in the north Indian population. A comparative study of 02-year duration on the OPG (using PLANMECA Promax 3D) data of 497 individuals with ages ranging from 5 to 15 years was done based on simple random technique ethical approval obtained from institutional ethical committee. The data was obtained based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and was analyzed by software for dental age estimation. Statistical analysis: The student’s t-test was used to compare the morphological variables of males with those of females and to compare observed age with estimated age. The regression formula was also calculated. Results: Present study was a comparative study of 497 subjects with a distribution between males and females, with their dental age assessed by using a Panoramic radiograph, following the method described by Cameriere, which is widely accepted. Statistical analysis in our study indicated that gender does not have a significant influence on age estimation. (R2= 0.787). Conclusion: This infers that Cameriere’s method can be effectively applied to the north Indian population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic" title="forensic">forensic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20age" title=" dental age"> dental age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20age" title=" skeletal age"> skeletal age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronological%20age" title=" chronological age"> chronological age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cameriere%E2%80%99s%20method" title=" Cameriere’s method"> Cameriere’s method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157885/a-comparative-study-to-evaluate-chronological-age-and-dental-age-in-the-north-indian-population-using-camerieres-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42881</span> Study on Rural Landscape Design Method under the Background of the Population Diversification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyi%20Zhou">Ziyi Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiuxiao%20Chen"> Qiuxiao Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuang%20Wu"> Shuang Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Population diversification phenomena becomes quite common in villages located in China’s developed coastal area. Based on the analysis of the traditional rural society and its landscape characteristics, and in consideration of diversified landscape requirements due to the population diversification, with dual ideas of heritage and innovation, methods for rural landscape design were explored by taking Duxuao Village in Zhejiang Province of China as an example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20landscape" title="rural landscape">rural landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20diversification" title=" population diversification"> population diversification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20design" title=" landscape design"> landscape design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20management" title=" urban management"> urban management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3708/study-on-rural-landscape-design-method-under-the-background-of-the-population-diversification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42880</span> Comparative Study to Evaluate Chronological Age and Dental Age in North Indian Population Using Cameriere Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjitkumar%20Patil">Ranjitkumar Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Age estimation has its importance in forensic dentistry. Dental age estimation has emerged as an alternative to skeletal age determination. The methods based on stages of tooth formation, as appreciated on radiographs, seems to be more appropriate in the assessment of age than those based on skeletal development. The study was done to evaluate dental age in north Indian population using Cameriere’s method. Aims/Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the dental age of North Indian children using Cameriere’smethodand to compare the chronological age and dental age for validation of the Cameriere’smethod in the north Indian population. A comparative study of 02 year duration on the OPG (using PLANMECA Promax 3D) data of 497 individuals with age ranging from 5 to 15 years was done based on simple random technique ethical approval obtained from the institutional ethical committee. The data was obtained based on inclusion and exclusion criteria was analyzed by a software for dental age estimation. Statistical analysis: Student’s t test was used to compare the morphological variables of males with those of females and to compare observed age with estimated age. Regression formula was also calculated. Results: Present study was a comparative study of 497 subjects with a distribution between male and female, with their dental age assessed by using Panoramic radiograph, following the method described by Cameriere, which is widely accepted. Statistical analysis in our study indicated that gender does not have a significant influence on age estimation. (R2= 0.787). Conclusion: This infers that cameriere’s method can be effectively applied in north Indianpopulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forensic" title="Forensic">Forensic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chronological%20Age" title=" Chronological Age"> Chronological Age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dental%20Age" title=" Dental Age"> Dental Age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skeletal%20Age" title=" Skeletal Age"> Skeletal Age</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157891/comparative-study-to-evaluate-chronological-age-and-dental-age-in-north-indian-population-using-cameriere-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42879</span> Optimization of Monitoring Networks for Air Quality Management in Urban Hotspots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vethathirri%20Ramanujam%20Srinivasan">Vethathirri Ramanujam Srinivasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Shiva%20Nagendra"> S. M. Shiva Nagendra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air quality management in urban areas is a serious concern in both developed and developing countries. In this regard, more number of air quality monitoring stations are planned to mitigate air pollution in urban areas. In India, Central Pollution Control Board has set up 574 air quality monitoring stations across the country and proposed to set up another 500 stations in the next few years. The number of monitoring stations for each city has been decided based on population data. The setting up of ambient air quality monitoring stations and their operation and maintenance are highly expensive. Therefore, there is a need to optimize monitoring networks for air quality management. The present paper discusses the various methods such as Indian Standards (IS) method, US EPA method and European Union (EU) method to arrive at the minimum number of air quality monitoring stations. In addition, optimization of rain-gauge method and Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method using Geographical Information System (GIS) are also explored in the present work for the design of air quality network in Chennai city. In summary, additionally 18 stations are required for Chennai city, and the potential monitoring locations with their corresponding land use patterns are ranked and identified from the 1km x 1km sized grids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality%20monitoring%20network" title="air quality monitoring network">air quality monitoring network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20distance%20weighted%20method" title=" inverse distance weighted method"> inverse distance weighted method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20based%20method" title=" population based method"> population based method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20variation" title=" spatial variation"> spatial variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88309/optimization-of-monitoring-networks-for-air-quality-management-in-urban-hotspots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42878</span> Generalized Additive Model Approach for the Chilean Hake Population in a Bio-Economic Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selin%20Guney">Selin Guney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andres%20Riquelme"> Andres Riquelme</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The traditional bio-economic method for fisheries modeling uses some estimate of the growth parameters and the system carrying capacity from a biological model for the population dynamics (usually a logistic population growth model) which is then analyzed as a traditional production function. The stock dynamic is transformed into a revenue function and then compared with the extraction costs to estimate the maximum economic yield. In this paper, the logistic population growth model for the population is combined with a forecast of the abundance and location of the stock by using a generalized additive model approach. The paper focuses on the Chilean hake population. This method allows for the incorporation of climatic variables and the interaction with other marine species, which in turn will increase the reliability of the estimates and generate better extraction paths for different conservation objectives, such as the maximum biological yield or the maximum economic yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-economic" title="bio-economic">bio-economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fisheries" title=" fisheries"> fisheries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GAM" title=" GAM"> GAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59045/generalized-additive-model-approach-for-the-chilean-hake-population-in-a-bio-economic-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42877</span> Application of Nonparametric Geographically Weighted Regression to Evaluate the Unemployment Rate in East Java</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sifriyani%20Sifriyani">Sifriyani Sifriyani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%20Nyoman%20Budiantara"> I Nyoman Budiantara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20%20Haryatmi"> Sri Haryatmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunardi%20Gunardi"> Gunardi Gunardi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> East Java Province has a first rank as a province that has the most counties and cities in Indonesia and has the largest population. In 2015, the population reached 38.847.561 million, this figure showed a very high population growth. High population growth is feared to lead to increase the levels of unemployment. In this study, the researchers mapped and modeled the unemployment rate with 6 variables that were supposed to influence. Modeling was done by nonparametric geographically weighted regression methods with truncated spline approach. This method was chosen because spline method is a flexible method, these models tend to look for its own estimation. In this modeling, there were point knots, the point that showed the changes of data. The selection of the optimum point knots was done by selecting the most minimun value of Generalized Cross Validation (GCV). Based on the research, 6 variables were declared to affect the level of unemployment in eastern Java. They were the percentage of population that is educated above high school, the rate of economic growth, the population density, the investment ratio of total labor force, the regional minimum wage and the ratio of the number of big industry and medium scale industry from the work force. The nonparametric geographically weighted regression models with truncated spline approach had a coefficient of determination 98.95% and the value of MSE equal to 0.0047. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=East%20Java" title="East Java">East Java</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonparametric%20geographically%20weighted%20regression" title=" nonparametric geographically weighted regression"> nonparametric geographically weighted regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial" title=" spatial"> spatial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spline%20approach" title=" spline approach"> spline approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployed%20rate" title=" unemployed rate"> unemployed rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66912/application-of-nonparametric-geographically-weighted-regression-to-evaluate-the-unemployment-rate-in-east-java" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42876</span> Estimation of the Mean of the Selected Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalu%20Ram%20Meena">Kalu Ram Meena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditi%20Kar%20Gangopadhyay"> Aditi Kar Gangopadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satrajit%20Mandal"> Satrajit Mandal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two normal populations with different means and same variance are considered, where the variances are known. The population with the smaller sample mean is selected. Various estimators are constructed for the mean of the selected normal population. Finally, they are compared with respect to the bias and MSE risks by the method of Monte-Carlo simulation and their performances are analysed with the help of graphs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation%20after%20selection" title="estimation after selection">estimation after selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brewster-Zidek%20technique" title=" Brewster-Zidek technique"> Brewster-Zidek technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimators" title=" estimators"> estimators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selected%20populations" title=" selected populations"> selected populations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17179/estimation-of-the-mean-of-the-selected-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42875</span> Modelling the Spread of HIV/AIDS Epidemic with Condom Campaign and Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marsudi">Marsudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Hidayat"> Noor Hidayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratno%20Bagus%20Edy%20Wibowo"> Ratno Bagus Edy Wibowo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS in which condom campaign and treatment are both important for the disease management. In modelling of the spread of AIDS, the population is divided into six subpopulations, namely susceptible population, susceptible population who change their behavior due to education condom campaign, infected population, pre-AIDS population, treated population and full-blown AIDS population. We calculate the effective reproduction number using the next generation matrix method and investigate the existence and stability of the equilibrium points. A sensitivity analysis discovers parameters that have a high impact on effective reproduction number and should be targeted by intervention strategies. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate and verify our analytic results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%2FAIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condom%20campaign" title=" condom campaign"> condom campaign</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiretroviral%20treatment" title=" antiretroviral treatment"> antiretroviral treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20reproduction%20number" title=" effective reproduction number"> effective reproduction number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20and%20sensitivity%20analysis" title=" stability and sensitivity analysis"> stability and sensitivity analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74051/modelling-the-spread-of-hivaids-epidemic-with-condom-campaign-and-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42874</span> Case Study of the Exercise Habits and Aging Anxiety of Taiwanese Insurance Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20T.%20Hsu">W. T. Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20L.%20Tsai"> H. L. Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid aging of the population is a common trend in the world. However, the progress of modern medical technology has increased the average life expectancy. The global population structure has changed dramatically, and the elderly population has risen rapidly. In the face of rapid population growth, it must be noted issues of the aging population must face up to, which are the physiological, psychological, and social problems associated with aging. This study aims to investigate how insurance agents are actively dealing with an aging society, their own aging anxiety, and their exercise habits. Purposive sampling was the sampling method of this study, a total of 204 respondents were surveyed and 204 valid surveys were returned. The returned valid ratio was 100%. Statistical method included descriptive statistics, <em>t</em>-test, and one-way ANOVA. The results of the study found that the insurance agent’s age, seniority, exercise habits to aging anxiety are significantly different. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance%20practitioners" title="insurance practitioners">insurance practitioners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging%20anxiety" title=" aging anxiety"> aging anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise%20habits" title=" exercise habits"> exercise habits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly" title=" elderly"> elderly</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72820/case-study-of-the-exercise-habits-and-aging-anxiety-of-taiwanese-insurance-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42873</span> Using Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors in Population Growth and Stability Obtaining</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Sadiq%20Mensah">Abubakar Sadiq Mensah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Knowledge of the population growth of a nation is paramount to national planning. The population of a place is studied and a model developed over a period of time, Matrices is used to form model for population growth. The eigenvalue ƛ of the matrix A and its corresponding eigenvector X is such that AX = ƛX is calculated. The stable age distribution of the population is obtained using the eigenvalue and the characteristic polynomial. Hence, estimation could be made using eigenvalues and eigenvectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvalues" title="eigenvalues">eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvectors" title=" eigenvectors"> eigenvectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%2Fstability" title=" growth/stability"> growth/stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49175/using-eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors-in-population-growth-and-stability-obtaining" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42872</span> Analysis of Population and Growth Rate Methanotof Bateria as Reducers Methane Gases Emission in Rice Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maimuna%20Nontji">Maimuna Nontji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The life cycle of rice plant has three phases of growth; they are the vegetative, reproductive and maturation phase. They greatly affect the life of dynamics metanotrof bacterial as reducer methane emissions in the rice field, both of population and on the rate of growth. The aim of this study was to analyze the population and growth rate of methanotrof isolates which has been isolated in previous studies. Isolates were taken at all the life cycle of rice plant. Population of analysis was conducted by standard plate count method and growth rate was analysed by logarithmic calculation. The results showed that each isolate varied in population and growth rate. The highest population was obtained in the isolates Gowa Methanotrof Reproductive (GMR 8) about 7.06 x 10 11 cfu / ml on 3 days of incubation and the lowest population was obtained in the Gowa Methanotrof Maturation (GMP 5) about 0.27 x 10 11 cfu / ml on 7 day of incubation. Some isolate were demonstrated in long growth rate about 5 days of incubation and another are 3 days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission" title="emission">emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanotrof" title=" methanotrof"> methanotrof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane" title=" methane"> methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36182/analysis-of-population-and-growth-rate-methanotof-bateria-as-reducers-methane-gases-emission-in-rice-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42871</span> A Study of Population Growth Models and Future Population of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheena%20K.%20J.">Sheena K. J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Badge"> Jyoti Badge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Mohammed%20Zeeshan"> Sayed Mohammed Zeeshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Comparative Study of Exponential and Logistic Population Growth Models in India India is the second most populous city in the world, just behind China, and is going to be in the first place by next year. The Indian population has remarkably at higher rate than the other countries from the past 20 years. There were many scientists and demographers who has formulated various models of population growth in order to study and predict the future population. Some of the models are Fibonacci population growth model, Exponential growth model, Logistic growth model, Lotka-Volterra model, etc. These models have been effective in the past to an extent in predicting the population. However, it is essential to have a detailed comparative study between the population models to come out with a more accurate one. Having said that, this research study helps to analyze and compare the two population models under consideration - exponential and logistic growth models, thereby identifying the most effective one. Using the census data of 2011, the approximate population for 2016 to 2031 are calculated for 20 Indian states using both the models, compared and recorded the data with the actual population. On comparing the results of both models, it is found that logistic population model is more accurate than the exponential model, and using this model, we can predict the future population in a more effective way. This will give an insight to the researchers about the effective models of population and how effective these population models are in predicting the future population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20growth" title="population growth">population growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20models" title=" population models"> population models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20model" title=" exponential model"> exponential model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20model" title=" logistic model"> logistic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibonacci%20model" title=" fibonacci model"> fibonacci model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lotka-volterra%20model" title=" lotka-volterra model"> lotka-volterra model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20population%20prediction" title=" future population prediction"> future population prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographers" title=" demographers"> demographers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158205/a-study-of-population-growth-models-and-future-population-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42870</span> Urban Spatial Metamorphoses: The Case of Kazan City With Using GIS-Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irna%20Malganova">Irna Malganova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper assessed the effectiveness of the use of urban functional zoning using the method of M.A. Kramer by the example of Kazan city (Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation) using geoinformation technologies. On the basis of the data obtained, the calculations were carried out to obtain data on population density, overcoming geographic determinism, as well as the effectiveness of the formation of urban frameworks. The authors proposed recommendations for the effectiveness of municipal frameworks in the period from 2018 to 2021: economic, social, environmental and social. The study of effective territorial planning in a given period allows to display of the dynamics of planning changes, as well as assessment of changes in the formation of urban frameworks. Based on the incoming data obtained from the master plan of the municipal formation of Kazan, in the period from 2018 to 2021, there was an increase in population by 13841 people or 1.1% of the values of 2018. In addition, the area of Kazan increased by 2419.6 hectares. In the structure of the distribution of areas of functional zones, there was an increase in such zones of the municipality as zones of residential and public purpose. Changes in functional zoning, as well as territories requiring reorganization, are presented using geoinformation technologies in open-source software Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS 3.32). According to the calculations based on the method of functional zoning efficiency by M.A. Kreimer, the territorial-planning structure of Kazan City is quite effective. However, in the development of spatial planning concepts, it is possible to emphasize the weakened interest of the population in the development of territorial planning documents. Thus, the approach to spatial planning of Kazan differs from foreign methods and approaches based on the joint development of planning directions and development of territories of municipalities between the developers of the planning structure, business representatives and the population. The population plays the role of the target audience on which territorial planning is oriented. It follows that there is a need to satisfy the opinions and demands of the population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20development" title="spatial development">spatial development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamorphosis" title=" metamorphosis"> metamorphosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazan%20city" title=" Kazan city"> Kazan city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20planning" title=" spatial planning"> spatial planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20determinism." title=" geographic determinism."> geographic determinism.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QGIS" title=" QGIS"> QGIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173850/urban-spatial-metamorphoses-the-case-of-kazan-city-with-using-gis-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42869</span> Spatial Resilience of the Ageing Population in the Romanian Functional Urban Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marinela%20Istrate">Marinela Istrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ionel%20Muntele"> Ionel Muntele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandru%20B%C4%83nic%C4%83"> Alexandru Bănică</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The authors propose the identification, analysis and prognosis of the quantitative and qualitative evolution of the elderly population in the functional urban areas. The present paper takes into account the analysis of some representative indicators (the weight of the elderly population, ageing index, dynamic index of economic ageing of productive population etc.) and the elaboration of an integrated indicator that would help differentiate the population ageing forms in the 48 functional urban areas that were defined based on demographic and social-economic criteria for all large and medium cities in Romania. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ageing" title="ageing">ageing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic%20transition" title=" demographic transition"> demographic transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20urban%20areas" title=" functional urban areas"> functional urban areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20resilience" title=" spatial resilience"> spatial resilience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20294/spatial-resilience-of-the-ageing-population-in-the-romanian-functional-urban-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42868</span> Two-Phase Sampling for Estimating a Finite Population Total in Presence of Missing Values</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Fundi%20Murithi">Daniel Fundi Murithi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Missing data is a real bane in many surveys. To overcome the problems caused by missing data, partial deletion, and single imputation methods, among others, have been proposed. However, problems such as discarding usable data and inaccuracy in reproducing known population parameters and standard errors are associated with them. For regression and stochastic imputation, it is assumed that there is a variable with complete cases to be used as a predictor in estimating missing values in the other variable, and the relationship between the two variables is linear, which might not be realistic in practice. In this project, we estimate population total in presence of missing values in two-phase sampling. Instead of regression or stochastic models, non-parametric model based regression model is used in imputing missing values. Empirical study showed that nonparametric model-based regression imputation is better in reproducing variance of population total estimate obtained when there were no missing values compared to mean, median, regression, and stochastic imputation methods. Although regression and stochastic imputation were better than nonparametric model-based imputation in reproducing population total estimates obtained when there were no missing values in one of the sample sizes considered, nonparametric model-based imputation may be used when the relationship between outcome and predictor variables is not linear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20population%20total" title="finite population total">finite population total</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missing%20data" title=" missing data"> missing data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model-based%20imputation" title=" model-based imputation"> model-based imputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20sampling" title=" two-phase sampling"> two-phase sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124884/two-phase-sampling-for-estimating-a-finite-population-total-in-presence-of-missing-values" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42867</span> Demographic Factor in Ensuring Sustainable Development of the Western Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyussupova%20Gulnara">Nyussupova Gulnara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenespayeva%20Laura"> Kenespayeva Laura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelinbayeva%20Roza"> Kelinbayeva Roza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aubakirova%20Gaukhar"> Aubakirova Gaukhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhumagulov%20Chingiz"> Zhumagulov Chingiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aidarkhanova%20Gaukhar"> Aidarkhanova Gaukhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article analyzes the development of demographic processes in four regions of the Western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Aktobe, Atyrau, West Kazakhstan, and Mangystau) for the period from 2000 to 2022. This study uses theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature, methods of comparative, statistical analysis, GIS methods, grouping and systematization, index method and structural analysis. The research identified regional characteristics, development trends, and disproportions in the population of the studied areas within the framework of sustainable demographic development. The population dynamics, the age-sex structure of the population, life expectancy, natural movement of the population, including maternal and infant mortality, are considered as important indicators of the region’s sustainability. The features of migration processes in the Western region of Kazakhstan and the factors that determine them are identified. Conclusions are drawn about the level of sustainable development of the population of the studied region based on demographic processes. The results obtained will provide scientific, methodological and information support in the sectors of economics and science, including the preparation of socio-economic development programs and the development of scientific research using GIS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic%20processes" title=" demographic processes"> demographic processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20Region" title=" Western Region"> Western Region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Republic%20of%20Kazakhstan" title=" Republic of Kazakhstan"> Republic of Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20structure" title=" population structure"> population structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20population%20movement" title=" natural population movement"> natural population movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176572/demographic-factor-in-ensuring-sustainable-development-of-the-western-region-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42866</span> Contrasting The Water Consumption Estimation Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etienne%20Alain%20Feukeu">Etienne Alain Feukeu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20W.%20Snyman"> L. W. Snyman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water scarcity is becoming a real issue nowadays. Most countries in the world are facing it in their own way based on their own geographical coordinate and condition. Many countries are facing a challenge of a growing water demand as a result of not only an increased population, economic growth, but also as a pressure of the population dynamic and urbanization. In view to mitigate some of this related problem, an accurate method of water estimation and future prediction, forecast is essential to guarantee not only the sufficient quantity, but also a good water distribution and management system. Beside the fact that several works have been undertaken to address this concern, there is still a considerable disparity between different methods and standard used for water prediction and estimation. Hence this work contrast and compare two well-defined and established methods from two countries (USA and South Africa) to demonstrate the inconsistency when different method and standards are used interchangeably. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20scarcity" title="water scarcity">water scarcity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20estimation" title=" water estimation"> water estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20prediction" title=" water prediction"> water prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20forecast." title=" water forecast."> water forecast.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142268/contrasting-the-water-consumption-estimation-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42865</span> A Quantification Method of Attractiveness of Stations and an Estimation Method of Number of Passengers Taking into Consideration the Attractiveness of the Station</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoya%20Ozaki">Naoya Ozaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takuya%20Watanabe"> Takuya Watanabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryosuke%20Matsumoto"> Ryosuke Matsumoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noriko%20Fukasawa"> Noriko Fukasawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the metropolitan areas in Japan, in many stations, shopping areas are set up, and escalators and elevators are installed to make the stations be barrier-free. Further, many areas around the stations are being redeveloped. Railway business operators want to know how much effect these circumstances have on attractiveness of the station or number of passengers using the station. So, we performed a questionnaire survey of the station users in the metropolitan areas for finding factors to affect the attractiveness of stations. Then, based on the analysis of the survey, we developed a method to quantitatively evaluate attractiveness of the stations. We also developed an estimation method for number of passengers based on combination of attractiveness of the station quantitatively evaluated and the residential and labor population around the station. Then, we derived precise linear regression models estimating the attractiveness of the station and number of passengers of the station. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attractiveness%20of%20the%20station" title="attractiveness of the station">attractiveness of the station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation%20method" title=" estimation method"> estimation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20of%20passengers%20of%20the%20station" title=" number of passengers of the station"> number of passengers of the station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=redevelopment%20around%20the%20station" title=" redevelopment around the station"> redevelopment around the station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renovation%20of%20the%20station" title=" renovation of the station"> renovation of the station</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56406/a-quantification-method-of-attractiveness-of-stations-and-an-estimation-method-of-number-of-passengers-taking-into-consideration-the-attractiveness-of-the-station" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42864</span> Singular Stochastic Control Model with Carrying Capacity of Population Management Policy for Squirrels in Durian Orchards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasiwimol%20Auepong">Sasiwimol Auepong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raywat%20Tanadkithirun"> Raywat Tanadkithirun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the problem that squirrels ruin durian, which is an economical fruit in Thailand, is considered. We seek the strategy for the durian farmers to eliminate the squirrels under the consideration that squirrels also provide ecosystem service. The population dynamics of squirrels are constructed to have carrying capacity since we consider the population in a confined area. A performance index indicating the total benefit of a given elimination strategy is provided. It comprises the cost of countermeasures, the loss of resources, and the ecosystem service provided by squirrels. The optimal performance index is numerically solved through the variational inequality using the finite difference method. The optimal strategy to control the squirrel population is also given numerically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20stochastic%20differential%20equation" title="controlled stochastic differential equation">controlled stochastic differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durian" title=" durian"> durian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference%20method" title=" finite difference method"> finite difference method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20index" title=" performance index"> performance index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20stochastic%20control%20model" title=" singular stochastic control model"> singular stochastic control model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squirrel" title=" squirrel"> squirrel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155950/singular-stochastic-control-model-with-carrying-capacity-of-population-management-policy-for-squirrels-in-durian-orchards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42863</span> Research on Spatial Allocation Optimization of Urban Elderly Care Facilities Based on ArcGIS Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiao%20Qiao">Qiao Qiao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the development of The Times, the elderly demand for pension service facilities is increasing. Taking 26 street towns in Jiangjin District of Chongqing as examples, ArcGIS spatial analysis method was used to analyze the distribution status of the elderly population, the core density of the elderly population, and the spatial layout characteristics of institutional elderly care facilities in Jiangjin District of Chongqing. The results showed that there were differences in the structure and aging degree of the elderly population in each street town. There is a certain imbalance between the spatial distribution of the elderly population and the planning and construction of elderly care facilities. The accessibility of elderly care facilities is uneven. Therefore, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the spatial layout of institutional elderly care facilities, improve the accessibility of facilities, strengthen the participation of multiple subjects, and provide a reference for the future construction planning of elderly care facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20pension%20facilities" title="institutional pension facilities">institutional pension facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20layout" title=" spatial layout"> spatial layout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title=" accessibility"> accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ArcGIS" title=" ArcGIS"> ArcGIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194572/research-on-spatial-allocation-optimization-of-urban-elderly-care-facilities-based-on-arcgis-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42862</span> SMART: Solution Methods with Ants Running by Types</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Zufferey">Nicolas Zufferey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ant algorithms are well-known metaheuristics which have been widely used since two decades. In most of the literature, an ant is a constructive heuristic able to build a solution from scratch. However, other types of ant algorithms have recently emerged: the discussion is thus not limited by the common framework of the constructive ant algorithms. Generally, at each generation of an ant algorithm, each ant builds a solution step by step by adding an element to it. Each choice is based on the greedy force (also called the visibility, the short term profit or the heuristic information) and the trail system (central memory which collects historical information of the search process). Usually, all the ants of the population have the same characteristics and behaviors. In contrast in this paper, a new type of ant metaheuristic is proposed, namely SMART (for Solution Methods with Ants Running by Types). It relies on the use of different population of ants, where each population has its own personality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ant%20algorithms" title="ant algorithms">ant algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20procedures" title=" evolutionary procedures"> evolutionary procedures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaheuristics" title=" metaheuristics"> metaheuristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population-based%20methods" title=" population-based methods"> population-based methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36375/smart-solution-methods-with-ants-running-by-types" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42861</span> Assessing the Accessibility to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Jung%20Tseng">Tzu-Jung Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Hsuen%20Han"> Pei-Hsuen Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsung-Hsueh%20Lu"> Tsung-Hsueh Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Ensuring patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) access to hospitals that could perform percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in time is an important concern of healthcare managers. One commonly used the method to assess the coverage of population access to PCI hospital is the use GIS-estimated linear distance (crow's fly distance) between the district centroid and the nearest PCI hospital. If the distance is within a given distance (such as 20 km), the entire population of that district is considered to have appropriate access to PCI. The premise of using district centroid to estimate the coverage of population resident in that district is that the people live in the district are evenly distributed. In reality, the population density is not evenly distributed within the administrative district, especially in rural districts. Fortunately, the Taiwan government released basic statistical area (on average 450 population within the area) recently, which provide us an opportunity to estimate the coverage of population access to PCI services more accurate. Objectives: We aimed in this study to compare the population covered by a give PCI hospital according to traditional administrative district versus basic statistical area. We further examined if the differences between two geographic units used would be larger in a rural area than in urban area. Method: We selected two hospitals in Tainan City for this analysis. Hospital A is in urban area, hospital B is in rural area. The population in each traditional administrative district and basic statistical area are obtained from Taiwan National Geographic Information System, Ministry of Internal Affairs. Results: Estimated population live within 20 km of hospital A and B was 1,515,846 and 323,472 according to traditional administrative district and was 1,506,325 and 428,556 according to basic statistical area. Conclusion: In urban area, the estimated access population to PCI services was similar between two geographic units. However, in rural areas, the access population would be overestimated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title="accessibility">accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20statistical%20area" title=" basic statistical area"> basic statistical area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modifiable%20areal%20unit%20problem%20%28MAUP%29" title=" modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP)"> modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=percutaneous%20coronary%20intervention%20%28PCI%29" title=" percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)"> percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61904/assessing-the-accessibility-to-primary-percutaneous-coronary-intervention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42860</span> Development and Psychometric Properties of the Relational Mobility Scale for the Indonesian Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukaesi%20Marianti">Sukaesi Marianti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to develop the Relational Mobility Scale for the Indonesian population and to investigate its psychometric properties. New items of the scale were created taking into account the Indonesian population which consists of two parallel forms (A and A’). This study uses 30 newly orchestrated items while keeping in mind the characteristics of the targeted population. The scale was administered to 433 public high school students in Malang, Indonesia. Construct validity of its factor structure was demonstrated using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The result exhibits that he model fits the data, and that the delayed alternate form method shows acceptable result. Results yielded that 21 items of the three-dimensional Relational Mobility Scale is suitable for measuring relational mobility in high school students of Indonesian population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confirmatory%20factor%20analysis" title="confirmatory factor analysis">confirmatory factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delayed%20alternate%20form" title=" delayed alternate form"> delayed alternate form</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesian%20population" title=" Indonesian population"> Indonesian population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relational%20mobility%20scale" title=" relational mobility scale"> relational mobility scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76726/development-and-psychometric-properties-of-the-relational-mobility-scale-for-the-indonesian-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42859</span> Psychometric Properties of the Eq-5d-3l and Eq-5d-5l Instruments for Health Related Quality of Life Measurement in Indonesian Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20Endarti">Dwi Endarti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susi%20a%20Kristina"> Susi a Kristina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizki%20Noorizzati"> Rizki Noorizzati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20E%20Nugraha"> Akbar E Nugraha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fera%20Maharani"> Fera Maharani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kika%20a%20Putri"> Kika a Putri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asninda%20H%20Azizah"> Asninda H Azizah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sausanzahra%20Angganisaputri"> Sausanzahra Angganisaputri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunisa%20Yustikarini"> Yunisa Yustikarini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cost utility analysis is the most recommended pharmacoeconomic method since it allows widely comparison of cost-effectiveness results from different interventions. The method uses outcome of quality-adjusted life year (QALY) or disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Measurement of QALY requires the data of utility dan life years gained. Utility is measured with the instrument for quality of life measurement such as EQ-5D. Recently, the EQ-5D is available in two versions which are EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L. This study aimed to compare the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L to examine the most suitable version for Indonesian population. This study was an observational study employing cross sectional approach. Data of quality of life measured with EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L were collected from several groups of population which were respondent with chronic diseases, respondent with acute diseases, and respondent from general population (without illness) in Yogyakarta Municipality, Indonesia. Convenience samples of hypertension patients (83), diabetes mellitus patients (80), and osteoarthritis patients (47), acute respiratory tract infection (81), cephalgia (43), dyspepsia (42), and respondent from general population (293) were recruited in this study. Responses on the 3L and 5L versions of EQ-5D were compared by examining the psychometric properties including agreement, internal consistency, ceiling effect, and convergent validity. Based on psychometric properties tests of EQ-5D-3L dan EQ-5D-5L, EQ-5D-5L tended to have better psychometric properties compared to EQ-5D-3L. Future studies for health related quality of life (HRQOL) measurements for pharmacoeconomic studies in Indonesia should apply EQ-5D-5L. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EQ-5D" title="EQ-5D">EQ-5D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Health%20Related%20Quality%20of%20Life" title=" Health Related Quality of Life"> Health Related Quality of Life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesian%20Population" title=" Indonesian Population"> Indonesian Population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Psychometric%20Properties" title=" Psychometric Properties"> Psychometric Properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66133/psychometric-properties-of-the-eq-5d-3l-and-eq-5d-5l-instruments-for-health-related-quality-of-life-measurement-in-indonesian-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42858</span> Urban Design via Estimation Model for Traffic Index of Cities Based on an Artificial Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Sobhan%20Alvani">Seyed Sobhan Alvani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Gohari"> Mohammad Gohari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By developing cities and increasing the population, traffic congestion has become a vital problem. Due to this crisis, urban designers try to present solutions to decrease this difficulty. On the other hand, predicting the model with perfect accuracy is essential for solution-providing. The current study presents a model based on artificial intelligence which can predict traffic index based on city population, growth rate, and area. The accuracy of the model was evaluated, which is acceptable and it is around 90%. Thus, urban designers and planners can employ it for predicting traffic index in the future to provide strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20index" title="traffic index">traffic index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20growth%20rate" title=" population growth rate"> population growth rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cities%20wideness" title=" cities wideness"> cities wideness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187941/urban-design-via-estimation-model-for-traffic-index-of-cities-based-on-an-artificial-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42857</span> Integrative System of GDP, Emissions, Health Services and Population Health in Vietnam: Dynamic Panel Data Estimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ha%20Hai%20Duong">Ha Hai Duong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amnon%20Levy%20Livermore"> Amnon Levy Livermore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kankesu%20Jayanthakumaran"> Kankesu Jayanthakumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oleg%20Yerokhin"> Oleg Yerokhin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issues of economic development, the environment and human health have been investigated since 1990s. Previous researchers have found different empirical evidences of the relationship between income and environmental pollution, health as determinant of economic growth, and the effects of income and environmental pollution on health in various regions of the world. This paper concentrates on integrative relationship analysis of GDP, carbon dioxide emissions, and health services and population health in context of Vietnam. We applied the dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation on datasets of Vietnam’s sixty-three provinces for the years 2000-2010. Our results show the significant positive effect of GDP on emissions and the dependence of population health on emissions and health services. We find the significant relationship between population health and GDP. Additionally, health services are significantly affected by population health and GDP. Finally, the population size too is other important determinant of both emissions and GDP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title="economic development">economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions" title=" emissions"> emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20pollution" title=" environmental pollution"> environmental pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24314/integrative-system-of-gdp-emissions-health-services-and-population-health-in-vietnam-dynamic-panel-data-estimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">625</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42856</span> A Mathematical Analysis of Behavioural Epidemiology: Drugs Users Transmission Dynamics Based on Level Education for Susceptible Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firman%20Riyudha">Firman Riyudha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endrik%20Mifta%20Shaiful"> Endrik Mifta Shaiful</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The spread of drug users is one kind of behavioral epidemiology that becomes a threat to every country in the world. This problem caused various crisis simultaneously, including financial or economic crisis, social, health, until human crisis. Most drug users are teenagers at school age. A new deterministic model would be constructed to determine the dynamics of the spread of drug users by considering level of education in a susceptible population. Based on the analytical model, two equilibria points were obtained; there were E₀ (zero user) and E₁ (endemic equilibrium). Existence of equilibrium and local stability of equilibria depended on the Basic Reproduction Ratio (R₀). This parameter was defined as the expected rate of secondary prevalence and primary prevalence in virgin population along spreading primary prevalence. The zero-victim equilibrium would be locally asymptotically stable if R₀ < 1 while if R₀ > 1 the endemic equilibrium would be locally asymptotically stable. The result showed that R₀ was proportional to the rate of interaction of each susceptible population based on educational level with the users' population. It is concluded that there was a need to be given a control in interaction, so that drug users population could be minimized. Numerical simulations were also provided to support analytical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drugs%20users" title="drugs users">drugs users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20education" title=" level education"> level education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74739/a-mathematical-analysis-of-behavioural-epidemiology-drugs-users-transmission-dynamics-based-on-level-education-for-susceptible-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42855</span> A Comparison of Bias Among Relaxed Divisor Methods Using 3 Bias Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumachaya%20Harnsukworapanich">Sumachaya Harnsukworapanich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuo%20Ichimori"> Tetsuo Ichimori </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The apportionment method is used by many countries, to calculate the distribution of seats in political bodies. For example, this method is used in the United States (U.S.) to distribute house seats proportionally based on the population of the electoral district. Famous apportionment methods include the divisor methods called the Adams Method, Dean Method, Hill Method, Jefferson Method and Webster Method. Sometimes the results from the implementation of these divisor methods are unfair and include errors. Therefore, it is important to examine the optimization of this method by using a bias measurement to figure out precise and fair results. In this research we investigate the bias of divisor methods in the U.S. Houses of Representatives toward large and small states by applying the Stolarsky Mean Method. We compare the bias of the apportionment method by using two famous bias measurements: The Balinski and Young measurement and the Ernst measurement. Both measurements have a formula for large and small states. The Third measurement however, which was created by the researchers, did not factor in the element of large and small states into the formula. All three measurements are compared and the results show that our measurement produces similar results to the other two famous measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apportionment" title="apportionment">apportionment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias" title=" bias"> bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divisor" title=" divisor"> divisor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fair" title=" fair"> fair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31156/a-comparison-of-bias-among-relaxed-divisor-methods-using-3-bias-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42854</span> Probability-Based Damage Detection of Structures Using Model Updating with Enhanced Ideal Gas Molecular Movement Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Ghasemi">M. R. Ghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ghiasi"> R. Ghiasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Varaee"> H. Varaee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Model updating method has received increasing attention in damage detection structures based on measured modal parameters. Therefore, a probability-based damage detection (PBDD) procedure based on a model updating procedure is presented in this paper, in which a one-stage model-based damage identification technique based on the dynamic features of a structure is investigated. The presented framework uses a finite element updating method with a Monte Carlo simulation that considers the uncertainty caused by measurement noise. Enhanced ideal gas molecular movement (EIGMM) is used as the main algorithm for model updating. Ideal gas molecular movement (IGMM) is a multiagent algorithm based on the ideal gas molecular movement. Ideal gas molecules disperse rapidly in different directions and cover all the space inside. This is embedded in the high speed of molecules, collisions between them and with the surrounding barriers. In IGMM algorithm to accomplish the optimal solutions, the initial population of gas molecules is randomly generated and the governing equations related to the velocity of gas molecules and collisions between those are utilized. In this paper, an enhanced version of IGMM, which removes unchanged variables after specified iterations, is developed. The proposed method is implemented on two numerical examples in the field of structural damage detection. The results show that the proposed method can perform well and competitive in PBDD of structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20ideal%20gas%20molecular%20movement%20%28EIGMM%29" title="enhanced ideal gas molecular movement (EIGMM)">enhanced ideal gas molecular movement (EIGMM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideal%20gas%20molecular%20movement%20%28IGMM%29" title=" ideal gas molecular movement (IGMM)"> ideal gas molecular movement (IGMM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20updating%20method" title=" model updating method"> model updating method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability-based%20damage%20detection%20%28PBDD%29" title=" probability-based damage detection (PBDD)"> probability-based damage detection (PBDD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty%20quantification" title=" uncertainty quantification"> uncertainty quantification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55805/probability-based-damage-detection-of-structures-using-model-updating-with-enhanced-ideal-gas-molecular-movement-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20based%20method&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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