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class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ru.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ирекле энциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ba.svg" width="118" height="11" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%AD%D2%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Эҙләү</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" aria-label="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Махсус:Эҙләү"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Эҙләргә</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ba.wikipedia.org&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ba.wikipedia.org&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ba\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Һандарҙы_икеле_яҙыу" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һандарҙы_икеле_яҙыу"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Һандарҙы икеле яҙыу</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Һандарҙы_икеле_яҙыу-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Һандарҙы икеле яҙыу бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Һандарҙы_икеле_яҙыу-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Натураль_һандар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Натураль_һандар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Натураль һандар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Натураль_һандар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тиҫкәре_һандар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тиҫкәре_һандар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Тиҫкәре һандар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тиҫкәре_һандар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Кәсер_һандар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Кәсер_һандар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Кәсер һандар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Кәсер_һандар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Икеле_һандарҙы_ҡушыу,_алыу_һәм_ҡабатлау" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Икеле_һандарҙы_ҡушыу,_алыу_һәм_ҡабатлау"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Икеле һандарҙы ҡушыу, алыу һәм ҡабатлау</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Икеле_һандарҙы_ҡушыу,_алыу_һәм_ҡабатлау-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һандарҙы_үҙгәртеү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һандарҙы_үҙгәртеү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Һандарҙы үҙгәртеү</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Һандарҙы_үҙгәртеү-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Һандарҙы үҙгәртеү бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Һандарҙы_үҙгәртеү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Икеле_һандарҙы_унарлыға_үҙгәртеү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Икеле_һандарҙы_унарлыға_үҙгәртеү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Икеле һандарҙы унарлыға үҙгәртеү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Икеле_һандарҙы_унарлыға_үҙгәртеү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Кәсерле_икеле_һандарҙы_унарлыға_үҙгәртеү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Кәсерле_икеле_һандарҙы_унарлыға_үҙгәртеү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Кәсерле икеле һандарҙы унарлыға үҙгәртеү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Кәсерле_икеле_һандарҙы_унарлыға_үҙгәртеү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Горнер_ысулы_менән_үҙгәртеү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Горнер_ысулы_менән_үҙгәртеү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Горнер ысулы менән үҙгәртеү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Горнер_ысулы_менән_үҙгәртеү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Горнер_ысулы_менән_һандарҙың_кәсер_өлөшөн_күсереү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Горнер_ысулы_менән_һандарҙың_кәсер_өлөшөн_күсереү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Горнер ысулы менән һандарҙың кәсер өлөшөн күсереү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Горнер_ысулы_менән_һандарҙың_кәсер_өлөшөн_күсереү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Унарлы_һандарҙы_икелегә_үҙгәртеү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Унарлы_һандарҙы_икелегә_үҙгәртеү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Унарлы һандарҙы икелегә үҙгәртеү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Унарлы_һандарҙы_икелегә_үҙгәртеү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Унарлы_кәсер_һандарҙы_икеле_һандарға_үҙгәртеү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Унарлы_кәсер_һандарҙы_икеле_һандарға_үҙгәртеү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Унарлы кәсер һандарҙы икеле һандарға үҙгәртеү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Унарлы_кәсер_һандарҙы_икеле_һандарға_үҙгәртеү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ҡулланылышы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ҡулланылышы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ҡулланылышы</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ҡулланылышы-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ҡулланылышы бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ҡулланылышы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Цифрлы_ҡоролмаларҙа" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Цифрлы_ҡоролмаларҙа"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Цифрлы ҡоролмаларҙа</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Цифрлы_ҡоролмаларҙа-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Инглиз_үлсәү_системаһында" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Инглиз_үлсәү_системаһында"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Инглиз үлсәү системаһында</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Инглиз_үлсәү_системаһында-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дөйөмләштереү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дөйөмләштереү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Дөйөмләштереү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дөйөмләштереү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тарихы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарихы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Тарихы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тарихы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ҡыҙыҡлы_факттар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ҡыҙыҡлы_факттар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ҡыҙыҡлы факттар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ҡыҙыҡлы_факттар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һылтанмалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һылтанмалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Һылтанмалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һылтанмалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Икеле иҫәпләү системаһы</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 97 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%AAre_getallestelsel" title="Binêre getallestelsel — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Binêre getallestelsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="نظام عد ثنائي — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام عد ثنائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_binariu" title="Sistema binariu — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema binariu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kili_say_sistemi" title="İkili say sistemi — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İkili say sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C" title="ایکی‌لی سایی سیستمی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکی‌لی سایی سیستمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A4rzoihn" title="Binärzoihn — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Binärzoihn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Двайковая сістэма злічэння — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Двайковая сістэма злічэння" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Двоична бройна система — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Двоична бройна система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="দ্বিমিক সংখ্যাপদ্ধতি — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিমিক সংখ্যাপদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enbonega%C3%B1_daouredel" title="Enbonegañ daouredel — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Enbonegañ daouredel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binarni_brojevni_sistem" title="Binarni brojevni sistem — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Binarni brojevni sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_binari" title="Sistema binari — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema binari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvojkov%C3%A1_soustava" title="Dvojková soustava — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dvojková soustava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%88%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Иккĕлле шут тытăмĕ — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иккĕлле шут тытăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhif_deuaidd" title="Rhif deuaidd — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhif deuaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A6re_talsystem" title="Binære talsystem — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Binære talsystem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualsystem" title="Dualsystem — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dualsystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Δυαδικό σύστημα — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυαδικό σύστημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number" title="Binary number — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Binary number" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuma_nombrosistemo" title="Duuma nombrosistemo — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Duuma nombrosistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_binario" title="Sistema binario — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema binario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahends%C3%BCsteem" title="Kahendsüsteem — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kahendsüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenbaki-sistema_bitar" title="Zenbaki-sistema bitar — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zenbaki-sistema bitar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="رقم دودویی — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رقم دودویی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A4%C3%A4rij%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Binäärijärjestelmä — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Binäärijärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_binaire" title="Système binaire — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système binaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisteme_binari" title="Sisteme binari — фриульский" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Sisteme binari" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриульский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uimhir_dh%C3%A9n%C3%A1rtha" title="Uimhir dhénártha — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uimhir dhénártha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_binario" title="Código binario — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Código binario" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ypykatu_ik%C3%B5irek%C3%B3va" title="Ypykatu ikõirekóva — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ypykatu ikõirekóva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99" title="בסיס בינארי — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בסיס בינארי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="द्वयाधारी संख्या पद्धति — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द्वयाधारी संख्या पद्धति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binarni_brojevni_sustav" title="Binarni brojevni sustav — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Binarni brojevni sustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8m_bin%C3%A8" title="Sistèm binè — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sistèm binè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettes_sz%C3%A1mrendszer" title="Kettes számrendszer — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kettes számrendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Հաշվարկման երկուական համակարգ — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաշվարկման երկուական համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_binari" title="Systema binari — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Systema binari" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_biner" title="Sistem bilangan biner — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem bilangan biner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binara_nombrosistemo" title="Binara nombrosistemo — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Binara nombrosistemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tv%C3%ADundakerfi" title="Tvíundakerfi — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tvíundakerfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_numerico_binario" title="Sistema numerico binario — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema numerico binario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%80%B2%E6%B3%95" title="二進法 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="二進法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_wilangan_bin%C3%A8r" title="Sistem wilangan binèr — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sistem wilangan binèr" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="თვლის ორობითი სისტემა — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თვლის ორობითი სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Екілік санау жүйесі — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Екілік санау жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ದ್ವಿಮಾನ ಸಂಖ್ಯಾ ಪದ್ಧತಿ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದ್ವಿಮಾನ ಸಂಖ್ಯಾ ಪದ್ಧತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%84%EB%B2%95" title="이진법 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이진법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D3%A9%D3%A9_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Экилик эсептөө тутуму — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Экилик эсептөө тутуму" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_numericum_binarium" title="Systema numericum binarium — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema numericum binarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_binari" title="Sistema binari — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sistema binari" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvejetain%C4%97_skai%C4%8Diavimo_sistema" title="Dvejetainė skaičiavimo sistema — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dvejetainė skaičiavimo sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C4%81r%C4%81_skait%C4%AB%C5%A1anas_sist%C4%93ma" title="Binārā skaitīšanas sistēma — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Binārā skaitīšanas sistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Кокытан чотрадам системе — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кокытан чотрадам системе" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Двоичен броен систем — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Двоичен броен систем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5" title="ദ്വയാങ്കസംഖ്യാവ്യവസ്ഥ — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ്വയാങ്കസംഖ്യാവ്യവസ്ഥ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Хоёртын тооллын систем — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хоёртын тооллын систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4" title="द्विमान पद्धत — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="द्विमान पद्धत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_angka_perduaan" title="Sistem angka perduaan — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem angka perduaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_binairo_(matem%C3%A1tica)" title="Sistema binairo (matemática) — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sistema binairo (matemática)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="द्वयधारी सङ्ख्या — непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="द्वयधारी सङ्ख्या" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binair_talstelsel" title="Binair talstelsel — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Binair talstelsel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalssystemet" title="Totalssystemet — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Totalssystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A6rt_tallsystem" title="Binært tallsystem — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Binært tallsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary" title="Binary — северный сото" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Binary" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="северный сото" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laklamee" title="Laklamee — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Laklamee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਬਾਇਨਰੀ ਸੰਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਇਨਰੀ ਸੰਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dw%C3%B3jkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Dwójkowy system liczbowy — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dwójkowy system liczbowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_numera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_bin%C3%A1rio" title="Sistema de numeração binário — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema de numeração binário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_binar" title="Sistem binar — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistem binar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Двоичная система счисления — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Двоичная система счисления" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88_%DA%8F%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88" title="انگن جو ڏونائي سرشتو — синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انگن جو ڏونائي سرشتو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binarni_sistem" title="Binarni sistem — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Binarni sistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9B%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ද්විමය සංඛ්‍යා පද්ධතිය — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්විමය සංඛ්‍යා පද්ධතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number" title="Binary number — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Binary number" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvojkov%C3%A1_%C4%8D%C3%ADseln%C3%A1_s%C3%BAstava" title="Dvojková číselná sústava — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dvojková číselná sústava" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="بائنری نمبر سسٹم — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بائنری نمبر سسٹم" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoji%C5%A1ki_%C5%A1tevilski_sistem" title="Dvojiški številski sistem — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dvojiški številski sistem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muravanembiri" title="Muravanembiri — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muravanembiri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiro_labaale" title="Tiro labaale — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tiro labaale" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_binar" title="Sistemi binar — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi binar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Бинарни систем — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бинарни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistim_panomeran_bin%C3%A9r" title="Sistim panomeran binér — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sistim panomeran binér" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A4ra_talsystemet" title="Binära talsystemet — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Binära talsystemet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="เลขฐานสอง — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลขฐานสอง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kili_say%C4%B1_sistemi" title="İkili sayı sistemi — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İkili sayı sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Икеле исәпләү системасы — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Икеле исәпләү системасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Двійкова система числення — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Двійкова система числення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ثنائی عددی نظام — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ثنائی عددی نظام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikkilik_sanoq_sistemasi" title="Ikkilik sanoq sistemasi — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ikkilik sanoq sistemasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_nh%E1%BB%8B_ph%C3%A2n" title="Hệ nhị phân — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ nhị phân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binair_reeknn" title="Binair reeknn — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Binair reeknn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="二进制 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="二进制" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="בינארישע סיסטעם — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בינארישע סיסטעם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="二进制 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="二进制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="二進制 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="二進制" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%AB-ch%C3%ACn-hoat" title="Jī-chìn-hoat — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jī-chìn-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="二進制 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="二進制" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3913#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B"><span>Уҡыу</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit" title="Был битте үҙгәртеү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ҡоралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ғәмәлдәр </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B"><span>Уҡыу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit" title="Был битте үҙгәртеү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=history"><span>Тарих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дөйөм </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Был биткә һылтанған барлыҡ биттәрҙең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Был биткә һылтанмалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" rel="nofollow" title="Был бит һылтанған биттәрҙәге һуңғы үҙгәртеүҙәр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйле үҙгәртеүҙәр</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Барлыҡ махсус биттәр исемлеге [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Махсус биттәр</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&oldid=1053226" title="Биттең был өлгөһөнә даими һылтанма"><span>Даими һылтанма</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=info" title="Был бит тураһында ентекләберәк"><span>Бит мәғлүмәттәре</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&id=1053226&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Был биттән нисек өҙөмтә яһау тураһында мәғлүмәт"><span>Биттән өҙөмтә яһарға</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2598%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B8%25D2%25AB%25D3%2599%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D3%2599%25D2%25AF_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D2%25BB%25D1%258B"><span>Ҡыҫҡа URL алыу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2598%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B8%25D2%25AB%25D3%2599%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D3%2599%25D2%25AF_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D2%25BB%25D1%258B"><span>QR код алыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баҫтырыу/сығарыу </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Collection&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B"><span>Китап төҙөү</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында йөкләү</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&printable=yes" title="Биттең ҡағыҙға баҫтырыу өсөн өлгөһө [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Баҫтырыу өлгөһө</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башҡа проекттарҙа </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Binary_numeral_system" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3913" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1278674">.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка{width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-above{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;font-size:120%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-original,.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-image{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-label{width:9em;background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:left;padding-left:.4em;padding-right:.4em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-split{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-below{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-error{background:var(--background-color-destructive-subtle,#ffe9e5);border:1px solid var(--border-color-error,#9f3526);text-align:center}</style> <table cellspacing="2" class="infobox ts-Универсальная_карточка"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above ts-Универсальная_карточка-above">Икеле иҫәпләү системаһы</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3913$93e2d2dc-43db-3afe-88f4-910e4be5ee32" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Binary_number_table.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Рәсем" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Binary_number_table.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="254" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Алдағы</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3913$991996f5-4257-c38a-417f-2b0e692dda39" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P155"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q724775&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">унарная система счисления</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724775" class="extiw" title="d:Q724775">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Тәртип буйынса һуңыраҡ килеүсе</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3913$f89c95d8-4eff-c0f9-e987-75ce87ce0e6e" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P156"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q1056486&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">троичная система счисления</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056486" class="extiw" title="d:Q1056486">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3913$36F35432-428A-4520-98DE-74CFE984E766" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P989"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="274" style="width:274px;" data-durationhint="357" data-mwtitle="Nl-Binair-article.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Nl-Binair-article.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Nl-Binair-article.ogg/Nl-Binair-article.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3264" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3264">Основание системы счисления</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3913$10768078-42ad-b4ff-1e53-125a9a9724f6" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3264"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/2_(%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="2 (һан)">2</a></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Вики-проект</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3913$983222C8-1393-4AEF-9C09-DA229E74695A" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P6104"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%3A%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q8487137&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%3A%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Проект:Математика</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8487137" class="extiw" title="d:Q8487137">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below ts-Универсальная_карточка-below"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q3913$10BB5A6D-2E81-4F01-B24B-12C1AC152A70" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Binary_numeral_system" title="commons:Category:Binary numeral system"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Binary_numeral_system" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Binary numeral system">Икеле иҫәпләү системаһы Викимилектә</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Икеле иҫәпләү системаһы</b> — нигеҙе 2 булған <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Позицион иҫәпләү системаһы">позицион иҫәпләү системаһы</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цифрлы электроника (был бит юҡ)">Цифрлы электрон схемаларҙа</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Логик вентиль (был бит юҡ)">логик вентилдәрҙә</a> туранан-тура тормошҡа ашырыу арҡаһында, икеле система бөтә хәҙерге заман <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер">компьютерҙарында</a> һәм башҡа иҫәпләү <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Электрон ҡоролма (был бит юҡ)">электрон ҡоролмаларҙа</a> ҡулланыла. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Һандарҙы_икеле_яҙыу"><span id=".D2.BA.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B_.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5_.D1.8F.D2.99.D1.8B.D1.83"></span>Һандарҙы икеле яҙыу</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Һандарҙы икеле яҙыу бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="Һандарҙы икеле яҙыу бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Икеле иҫәпләү системаһында һандар ике <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Символ">символ</a> (<b>0</b> һәм <b>1</b>) ярҙамында яҙылалар. Һан ниндәй иҫәпләү системаһында яҙылған икәнен бутамаҫ өсөн, уға уң яҡта аҫтан күрһәткес ҡуялар. Мәҫәлән, һан унарлы системала <b>5<sub>10</sub></b>, икеле системала <b>101<sub>2</sub></b>. Ҡайһы берҙә икеле һанды <b>0b </b> префиксы йәки <b>& (амперсанд)</b> символы менән тамғалайҙар<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, мәҫәлән <b>0b101 </b> йәки ярашлы рәүештә <b> &101</b>. </p><p>Икеле иҫәпләү системаһында (унарлынан башҡа икенсе иҫәпләү системаһындағы кеүек) тамғалар берәрләп уҡыла. Мәҫәлән, 101<sub>2</sub> һаны «бер ноль бер» тип әйтелә. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Натураль_һандар"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8C_.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Натураль һандар</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Натураль һандар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="Натураль һандар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Икеле иҫәпләү системаһында <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>…</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d754edbd5db8c2250d56231e16b0a93729c31421" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.027ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}}"></span> тип яҙылған натураль һандың ҡиммәте: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}=\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}a_{k}2^{k},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>…</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}=\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}a_{k}2^{k},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c8f84fc8988ae35d2ddbcae3107fc59d8f70af93" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:32.084ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}=\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}a_{k}2^{k},}"></span></dd></dl> <p>бында: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span> — һандағы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цифрҙар">цифрҙар</a> (тамғалар) һаны,</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{k}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{k}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/05e256a120c3ab9f8958de71acdf81cd75065e3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.319ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{k}}"></span> — {0,1} күмәклегенән цифрҙар,</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}"></span> — цифрҙың тәртип номеры.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Тиҫкәре_һандар"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B8.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5_.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Тиҫкәре һандар</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Тиҫкәре һандар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="Тиҫкәре һандар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тиҫкәре икеле һандар унарлы һандар кеүек үк тамғаланалар: һан алдында «−» тамғаһы. Йәғни, икеле иҫәпләү системаһында яҙылған <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (-a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>…</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (-a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ce28703b4f4e75099e1d75a5d1052a5415b4fbd3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.835ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (-a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}}"></span> тиҫкәре бөтөн һанының ҡиммәте: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (-a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}=-\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}a_{k}2^{k}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>…</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (-a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}=-\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}a_{k}2^{k}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c636e9bd5e3878e5a5d8f5ecbfd93d58e2a7f51c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:36.087ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (-a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0})_{2}=-\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}a_{k}2^{k}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Иҫәпләү техникаһында тиҫкәре икеле һандарҙы өҫтәлмә кодта яҙыу ҡулланыла. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Кәсер_һандар"><span id=".D0.9A.D3.99.D1.81.D0.B5.D1.80_.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Кәсер һандар</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Кәсер һандар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="Кәсер һандар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Икеле иҫәпләү системаһында <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0},a_{-1}a_{-2}\dots a_{-(m-1)}a_{-m})_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>…</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>…</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0},a_{-1}a_{-2}\dots a_{-(m-1)}a_{-m})_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/52a3935bfffb3aa12913e412274b3cda0ffe0cbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:43.43ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0},a_{-1}a_{-2}\dots a_{-(m-1)}a_{-m})_{2}}"></span> тип яҙылған кәсер һандың ҡиммәте: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0},a_{-1}a_{-2}\dots a_{-(m-1)}a_{-m})_{2}=\sum _{k=-m}^{n-1}a_{k}2^{k},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>…</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>…</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0},a_{-1}a_{-2}\dots a_{-(m-1)}a_{-m})_{2}=\sum _{k=-m}^{n-1}a_{k}2^{k},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b24e0d524e563f93a7776b3bbce183117c8dacf0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:56.988ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{1}a_{0},a_{-1}a_{-2}\dots a_{-(m-1)}a_{-m})_{2}=\sum _{k=-m}^{n-1}a_{k}2^{k},}"></span></dd></dl> <p>бында: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}"></span> — һандың кәсер өлөшөнөң цифрҙар һаны,</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{k}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{k}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/05e256a120c3ab9f8958de71acdf81cd75065e3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.319ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{k}}"></span> — <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{0,1\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{0,1\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/28de5781698336d21c9c560fb1cbb3fb406923eb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.684ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{0,1\}}"></span> күмәклегенән цифрҙар.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Икеле_һандарҙы_ҡушыу,_алыу_һәм_ҡабатлау"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5_.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B_.D2.A1.D1.83.D1.88.D1.8B.D1.83.2C_.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B.D1.83_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.83"></span>Икеле һандарҙы ҡушыу, алыу һәм ҡабатлау</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Икеле һандарҙы ҡушыу, алыу һәм ҡабатлау бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="Икеле һандарҙы ҡушыу, алыу һәм ҡабатлау бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ҡушыу таблицаһы </p> <table class="standard"> <tbody><tr> <th class="bright">+ </th> <th>0 </th> <th align="right">1 </th></tr> <tr> <th>0 </th> <td>0 </td> <td align="right">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td>1 </td> <td>10( күмәклегенән цифрҙарразрядҡа күсереү) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Алыу таблицаһы </p> <table class="standard"> <tbody><tr> <th class="bright">- </th> <th>0 </th> <th align="right">1 </th></tr> <tr> <th>0 </th> <td align="center">0 </td> <td align="right">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td>(өлкән разрядтан бурысҡа алыу) 1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>«Бағаналап» ҡушыуға миҫал (14<sub>10</sub> + 5<sub>10</sub> = 19<sub>10</sub> йәки 1110<sub>2</sub> + 101<sub>2</sub> = 10011<sub>2</sub>): </p> <table class="standard"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="shadow">+ </td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ҡабатлау таблицаһы </p> <table class="standard"> <tbody><tr> <th class="bright">× </th> <th>0 </th> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <th>0 </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>«Бағаналап» ҡабатлауға миҫал (14<sub>10</sub> * 5<sub>10</sub> = 70<sub>10</sub> йәки 1110<sub>2</sub> * 101<sub>2</sub> = 1000110<sub>2</sub>): </p> <table class="standard"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="shadow">×</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="shadow">+</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Һандарҙы_үҙгәртеү"><span id=".D2.BA.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B_.D2.AF.D2.99.D0.B3.D3.99.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B5.D2.AF"></span>Һандарҙы үҙгәртеү</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Һандарҙы үҙгәртеү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="Һандарҙы үҙгәртеү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Икеле иҫәпләү системаһынан унарлы иҫәпләү системаһына үҙгәртеү өсөн түбәндәге 2 нигеҙенең дәрәжәләре таблицаһын ҡулланалар: </p> <table align="center" class="standard"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>1024 </td> <td>512 </td> <td>256 </td> <td>128 </td> <td>64 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> </tr></tbody><caption> </caption></table> <p>1 цифрынан башлап бөтә цифрҙар икегә ҡабатлана. 1-ҙән һуң торған нөктә икеле нөктә тип атала. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Икеле_һандарҙы_унарлыға_үҙгәртеү"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5_.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B_.D1.83.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BB.D1.8B.D2.93.D0.B0_.D2.AF.D2.99.D0.B3.D3.99.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B5.D2.AF"></span>Икеле һандарҙы унарлыға үҙгәртеү</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Икеле һандарҙы унарлыға үҙгәртеү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="Икеле һандарҙы унарлыға үҙгәртеү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>110001<sub>2</sub></b> икеле һаны бирелһен, ти. Унарлыға үҙгәртеү өсөн уны разрядтары буйынса сумма рәүешендә түбәндәгесә күрһәтегеҙ: </p> <blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div> <p><b>1</b> * 2<sup>5</sup> + <b>1</b> * 2<sup>4</sup> + <b>0</b> * 2<sup>3</sup> + <b>0</b> * 2<sup>2</sup> + <b>0</b> * 2<sup>1</sup> + <b>1</b> * 2<sup>0</sup> = 49 </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Шул уҡ бер аҙ икенсерәк: </p> <blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div> <p><b>1</b> * 32 + <b>1</b> * 16 + <b>0</b> * 8 + <b>0</b> * 4 + <b>0</b> * 2 + <b>1</b> * 1 = 49 </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Быны түбәндәгесә таблица рәүешендә яҙырға була: </p> <table align="center" class="standard"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>512 </td> <td>256 </td> <td>128 </td> <td>64 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><b>0</b> </td> <td><b>0</b> </td> <td><b>0</b> </td> <td><b>1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+32 </td> <td>+16 </td> <td>+0 </td> <td>+0 </td> <td>+0 </td> <td>+1 </td> </tr></tbody><caption> </caption></table> <p>Уңдан һулға хәрәкәт итегеҙ. Һәр икеле берәмек аҫтында аҫҡы юлда уның эквивалентын яҙығыҙ. Килеп сыҡҡан унарлы һандарҙы ҡушығыҙ. Шулай итеп, 110001<sub>2</sub> икеле һаны 49<sub>10</sub> унарлы һанына тиң.<br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Кәсерле_икеле_һандарҙы_унарлыға_үҙгәртеү"><span id=".D0.9A.D3.99.D1.81.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BB.D0.B5_.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5_.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B_.D1.83.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BB.D1.8B.D2.93.D0.B0_.D2.AF.D2.99.D0.B3.D3.99.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B5.D2.AF"></span>Кәсерле икеле һандарҙы унарлыға үҙгәртеү</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Кәсерле икеле һандарҙы унарлыға үҙгәртеү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="Кәсерле икеле һандарҙы унарлыға үҙгәртеү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1011010,101<sub>2</sub></b> һанын унарлыға үҙгәртергә кәрәк. Был һанды түбәндәгесә яҙабыҙ: </p> <blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div> <p><b>1</b> * 2<sup>6</sup> + <b>0</b> * 2<sup>5</sup> + <b>1</b> * 2<sup>4</sup> + <b>1</b> * 2<sup>3</sup> + <b>0</b> * 2<sup>2</sup> + <b>1</b> * 2<sup>1</sup> + <b>0</b> * 2<sup>0</sup> + <b>1</b> * 2<sup>−1</sup> + <b>0</b> * 2<sup>−2</sup> + <b>1</b> * 2<sup>−3</sup> = 90,625 </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Шул уҡ бер аҙ икенсерәк: </p> <blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div> <p><b>1</b> * 64 + <b>0</b> * 32 + <b>1</b> * 16 + <b>1</b> * 8 + <b>0</b> * 4 + <b>1</b> * 2 + <b>0</b> * 1 + <b>1</b> * 0,5 + <b>0</b> * 0,25 + <b>1</b> * 0,125 = 90,625 </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Йәки таблица буйынса: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td> </td> <td>0.5</td> <td>0.25</td> <td>0.125 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1</b></td> <td><b>0</b></td> <td><b>1</b></td> <td><b>1</b></td> <td><b>0</b></td> <td><b>1</b></td> <td><b>0</b></td> <td><b>,</b></td> <td><b>1</b></td> <td><b>0</b></td> <td><b>1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+64</td> <td>+0</td> <td>+16</td> <td>+8</td> <td>+0</td> <td>+2</td> <td>+0</td> <td> </td> <td>+0.5</td> <td>+0</td> <td>+0.125 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Горнер_ысулы_менән_үҙгәртеү"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.80_.D1.8B.D1.81.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D3.99.D0.BD_.D2.AF.D2.99.D0.B3.D3.99.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B5.D2.AF"></span>Горнер ысулы менән үҙгәртеү</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Горнер ысулы менән үҙгәртеү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="Горнер ысулы менән үҙгәртеү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="dablink noprint">Төп мәҡәлә: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метод Горнера (был бит юҡ)">Метод Горнера</a></b> </div> <p>Һандарҙы икеленән унарлы системаға был ысул менән үҙгәртеү өсөн, цифрҙарҙы, алдан табылған һөҙөмтәне системаның нигеҙенә (был осраҡта 2) ҡабатлап, һулдан уңға ҡушырға кәрәк. Горнер ысулы менән ғәҙәттә икеленән унарлы системаға күсерәләр. Кире операция ҡатмарлы, сөнки икеле иҫәпләү системаһында ҡушыу һәм ҡабатлау күнекмәһе талап ителә. </p><p>Мәҫәлән, <b>1011011<sub>2</sub></b> икеле һаны унарлы системаға ошолай күсерелә: </p> <blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div> <p>0*2 + <b>1</b> = 1<br /> 1*2 + <b>0</b> = 2<br /> 2*2 + <b>1</b> = 5<br /> 5*2 + <b>1</b> = 11<br /> 11*2 + <b>0</b> = 22<br /> 22*2 + <b>1</b> = 45<br /> 45*2 + <b>1</b> = 91 </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Йәғни унарлы системала был һан 91 тип яҙыла. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Горнер_ысулы_менән_һандарҙың_кәсер_өлөшөн_күсереү"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.80_.D1.8B.D1.81.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D3.99.D0.BD_.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.81.D0.B5.D1.80_.D3.A9.D0.BB.D3.A9.D1.88.D3.A9.D0.BD_.D0.BA.D2.AF.D1.81.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D2.AF"></span>Горнер ысулы менән һандарҙың кәсер өлөшөн күсереү</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Горнер ысулы менән һандарҙың кәсер өлөшөн күсереү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=10" title="Горнер ысулы менән һандарҙың кәсер өлөшөн күсереү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Цифрҙар һандан уңдан һулға ҡарай алыналар һәм иҫәпләү системаһының нигеҙенә (2) бүленәләр. </p><p>Мәҫәлән <b>0,1101<sub>2</sub></b> </p> <blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div> <p>(0 + <b>1</b>)/2 = 0,5<br /> (0,5 + <b>0</b>)/2 = 0,25<br /> (0,25 + <b>1</b>)/2 = 0,625<br /> (0,625 + <b>1</b>)/2 = 0,8125 </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Яуап: 0,1101<sub>2</sub>= 0,8125<sub>10</sub> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Унарлы_һандарҙы_икелегә_үҙгәртеү"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B_.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B3.D3.99_.D2.AF.D2.99.D0.B3.D3.99.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B5.D2.AF"></span>Унарлы һандарҙы икелегә үҙгәртеү</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Унарлы һандарҙы икелегә үҙгәртеү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=11" title="Унарлы һандарҙы икелегә үҙгәртеү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>19 һанын икелегә үҙгәртергә кәрәк икән, ти. Түбәндәге процедура менән файҙаланырға мөмкин: </p> <blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div> <p>19/2 = 9 с остатком <b>1</b><br /> 9/2 = 4 c остатком <b>1</b><br /> 4/2 = 2 без остатка <b>0</b><br /> 2/2 = 1 без остатка <b>0</b><br /> 1/2 = 0 с остатком <b>1</b> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Шулай итеп, беҙ һәр бүлендекте мы делим каждое частное на 2-гә бүләбеҙ һәм ҡалдыҡты икеле яҙыуҙың аҙағына яҙабыҙ. Бүлеүҙе ҡалдыҡ 0 булғанға тиклем дауам итәбеҙ. Һөҙөмтә уңдан һулға ҡарай яҙыла. Йәғни түбәндәге (1) цифры иң һулдағы була һәм башҡа шулай. Һөҙөмтәлә 19 һанын икеле яҙыуҙа табабыҙ: <b>10011</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Унарлы_кәсер_һандарҙы_икеле_һандарға_үҙгәртеү"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.81.D0.B5.D1.80_.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B_.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5_.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.93.D0.B0_.D2.AF.D2.99.D0.B3.D3.99.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B5.D2.AF"></span>Унарлы кәсер һандарҙы икеле һандарға үҙгәртеү</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Унарлы кәсер һандарҙы икеле һандарға үҙгәртеү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=12" title="Унарлы кәсер һандарҙы икеле һандарға үҙгәртеү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Әгәр бирелгән һандың бөтөн өлөшө булһа, ул кәсер өлөшөнән айырым үҙгәртелә. Кәсер һанды унарлы иҫәпләү системаһынан икелегә күсереү түбәндәге алгоритм буйынса тормошҡа ашырыла: </p> <ul><li>Кәсер икеле иҫәпләү системаһының нигеҙенә (2) ҡабатлана;</li> <li>Килеп сыҡҡан ҡабатландыҡтың бөтөн өлөшө икеле иҫәпләү системаһындағы һандың өлкән разряды сифатында айырып алына;</li> <li>Әгәр килеп сыҡҡан ҡабатландыҡтың кәсер өлөшө нулгә тигеҙ булһа, йәки талап ителгән теүәллеккә өлгәшелһә, алгоритм тамамлана. Кире осраҡта ҡабатландыҡтың кәсер өәлөшө өҫтөндә иҫәпләүҙәр дауам итә.</li></ul> <p>Миҫал: <b>206,116</b> унарлы һанын икелегә күсерергә кәрәк икән, ти. </p><p>Алдан һүрәтләнгән алгоритм буйынса бөтөн өлөшөн үҙгәртеү 206<sub>10</sub>=11001110<sub>2</sub> һөҙөмтәһен бирә. Дробную часть 0,116 кәсер өлөшөн 2 нигеҙенә ҡабатлайбыҙ, ҡабатландыҡтың бөтөн өлөшөн эҙләнгән икеле кәсер һандың өтөрҙән һуңғы разрядына яҙып барабыҙ: </p> <blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div> <p>0,116 • 2 = <b>0</b>,232<br /> 0,232 • 2 = <b>0</b>,464<br /> 0,464 • 2 = <b>0</b>,928<br /> 0,928 • 2 = <b>1</b>,856<br /> 0,856 • 2 = <b>1</b>,712<br /> 0,712 • 2 = <b>1</b>,424<br /> 0,424 • 2 = <b>0</b>,848<br /> 0,848 • 2 = <b>1</b>,696<br /> 0,696 • 2 = <b>1</b>,392<br /> 0,392 • 2 = <b>0</b>,784<br /> и т. д. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Шулай итеп 0,116<sub>10</sub> ≈ 0,<b>0001110110</b><sub>2</sub> </p><p>Табабыҙ: 206,116<sub>10</sub> ≈ 11001110,0001110110<sub>2</sub> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ҡулланылышы"><span id=".D2.A0.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.8B.D1.88.D1.8B"></span>Ҡулланылышы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Ҡулланылышы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=13" title="Ҡулланылышы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Цифрлы_ҡоролмаларҙа"><span id=".D0.A6.D0.B8.D1.84.D1.80.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D2.A1.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D0.B0"></span>Цифрлы ҡоролмаларҙа</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Цифрлы ҡоролмаларҙа бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=14" title="Цифрлы ҡоролмаларҙа бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Икеле система <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цифрлы сигнал (был бит юҡ)">цифрлы ҡоролмаларҙа</a> ҡулланыла, сөнки иң ябай система булып тора һәм түбәндәге талаптарға тап килә: </p> <ul><li>Чем меньше значений существует в Системала ни тиклем әҙ ҡиммәттәр булһа, шул тиклем был ҡиммәттәр менән эш итеүсе айырым элементтарҙы әҙерләү ябайыраҡ. Айырып әйткәндә, икеле иҫәпләү системаһының ике цифры бик күп физик күренештәр менән күрһәтелергә мөмкин: ток бар (ток сик ҡиммәтенән ҙурыраҡ) — ток юҡ (ток сик ҡиммәтенән кәмерәк), магнит ҡырының индукцияһы сик ҡиммәтенән ҙурыраҡ йәки юҡ (магнит ҡырының индукцияһы сик ҡиммәтенән бәләкәйерәк) һәм башҡа шулай.</li> <li>Элемент торошоноң һаны ни тиклем әҙ булһа, шул тиклем тотҡарлыҡ тотороҡлолоғо ҙурыраҡ һәм ул шәберәк эшләй аласаҡ. Мәҫәлән, өс торошто көсөргәнеш, ток йәки магнит ҡырының индукцияһы дәүмәле аша кодлау өсөн, ике сик ҡиммәте һәм тотҡарлыҡ тотороҡлолоғона һәм мәғлүмәт һаҡлау ышаныслылығына булышлыҡ итеүсе ике <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Компаратор (был бит юҡ)">компаратор</a> индерергә кәрәк.<span class="noprint"><sup><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Википедия:Сығанаҡтарға һылтанмалар">[<i>сығанаҡ 5125  көн күрһәтелмәгән</i>]</a></sup></span></li> <li>Икеле арифметика ябайыраҡ. Һандар өҫтөндә төп ғәмәлдәр — ҡушыу һәм ҡабатлау таблицалары ябай.</li></ul> <p>Цифрлы <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электроника">электроникала</a> икеле иҫәпләү системаһында бер икеле разрядҡа икеле<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_(%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Регистр (цифрлы техника) (был бит юҡ)">регистрҙың</a> бер икеле разряды ярашлы, йәғни ике торошло (0,1) икеле <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Триггер (был бит юҡ)">триггер</a>. </p><p>Иҫәпләү техникаһында тиҫкәре икеле һандарҙы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D2%AB%D1%82%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Өҫтәлмә код (һанды күрһәтеү) (был бит юҡ)">өҫтәлмә кодта</a> яҙыу киң ҡулланыла. Мәҫәлән, −5<sub>10</sub> һаны −101<sub>2</sub> тип яҙылырға мөмкин, ләкин 32-битлы компьютерҙа 11111111111111111111111111111011<sub>2</sub> тип һаҡланасаҡ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Инглиз_үлсәү_системаһында"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BD.D0.B3.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.B7_.D2.AF.D0.BB.D1.81.D3.99.D2.AF_.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0"></span>Инглиз үлсәү системаһында</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Инглиз үлсәү системаһында бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=15" title="Инглиз үлсәү системаһында бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Һыҙыҡлы үлсәмдәрҙе <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Дюйм">дюймдарҙа</a> күрһәткәндә традиция буйынса унарлы түгел, ә икеле кәсерҙәр ҡулланыла, мәҫәлән: 5¾″, 7<sup style="font-size:xx-small">15</sup>/<sub style="font-size:xx-small">16</sub>″, 3<sup style="font-size:xx-small">11</sup>/<sub style="font-size:xx-small">32</sub>″ һәм башҡа шулай. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дөйөмләштереү"><span id=".D0.94.D3.A9.D0.B9.D3.A9.D0.BC.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.88.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D2.AF"></span>Дөйөмләштереү</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Дөйөмләштереү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=16" title="Дөйөмләштереү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Икеле иҫәпләү системаһы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Икеле код (был бит юҡ)">икеле кодлау системаһы</a> һәм нигеҙе 2 булған <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Күрһәткесле функция">күрһәткесле</a> ауырлыҡ функцияһы комбинацияһы булып тора. Әйтергә кәрәк, һан <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Икеле код (был бит юҡ)">икеле кодта</a> яҙылырға мөмкин, ә был ваҡытта иҫәпләү системаһы икеле түгел, ә икенсе нигеҙ менән булырға мөмкин. Миҫал: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Икеле-унарлы кодлау (был бит юҡ)">икеле-унарлы кодлау</a>, унда унарлы цифрҙар икеле күренештә яҙыла, ә иҫәпләү системаһы — унарлы. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарихы"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.8B"></span>Тарихы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Тарихы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=17" title="Тарихы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>8 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Триграмма (был бит юҡ)">триграмманан</a> һәм 64 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%98%D1%86%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гексаграмма (Ицзин) (был бит юҡ)">гексаграмманан</a> тулы йыйылма, 3-битлы һәм 6-битлы цифрҙар аналогы, боронғо <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҡытай">Ҡытайҙа</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Книга Перемен (был бит юҡ)">Книга Перемендағы</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡытай классик текстар (был бит юҡ)">классик текстарҙа</a> билдәле була. <i>Книга Перемен</i>да ярашлы икеле цифрҙар (0-дән 63-кә тиклем) ҡиммәттәре менән тура килтереп урынлашҡан гексаграммалар тәртибе һәм уларҙы табыу ысулы Ҡытай ғалимы һәм философы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%AE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шао Юн (был бит юҡ)">Шао Юн</a> тарафынан <a href="/wiki/XI_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XI быуат">XI быуатта</a> эшләнгән. Әммә <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%AE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шао Юн (был бит юҡ)">Шао Юн</a>, ике символлы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B6_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кортеж (информатика) (был бит юҡ)">кортеждарҙы</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лексикографик тәртип (был бит юҡ)">лексикографик тәртиптә</a> урынлаштырғанда, икеле арифметика ҡағиҙәләрен аңлауын дәлилләүсе иҫбатлауҙар юҡ.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Һиндостан">Һинд</a> математигы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пингала (был бит юҡ)">Пингала</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91._%D1%8D._%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_200_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Б. э. тиклем 200 йыл (был бит юҡ)">б. э. тиклем 200 йыл</a>) икеле иҫәпләү системаһын беренсе билдәле ҡулланып, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_(%D1%88%D0%B8%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метр (шиғырҙар) (был бит юҡ)">поэзияны</a> һүрәтләү өсөн математик нигеҙҙәрен эшләй<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Андтар">Үҙәк Андтарҙа</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу">Перу</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Боливия">Боливия</a>) дәүләт һәм йәмғиәт маҡсатында б. э. тиклем I—II мең йыллыҡта киң ҡулланылған мәғлүмәт базаһының прообразы булып <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Инктар (был бит юҡ)">Инктарҙың</a> төйөнлө яҙыуы — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кипу (был бит юҡ)">кипу</a> тора, ул <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Унарлы система (был бит юҡ)">унарлы системаның</a> һанлы яҙыуҙарынан<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, шулай уҡ кодлауҙың <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Икеле система (был бит юҡ)">икеле системаһында</a> һанлы булмаған яҙыуҙарҙан тора<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Кипуҙа беренсел һәм өҫтәлмә асҡыстар, позицион һандар, төҫ менән кодлау һәм ҡабатланыусы мәғлүмәттәрҙең <i>серияларын төҙөү</i> ҡулланыла<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Кипу кешелек тарихында беренсе тапҡыр <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бухгалтер иҫәбе (был бит юҡ)">бухгалтер иҫәбен</a> алып барыуҙың <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D3%99_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Икеләтә яҙыу (был бит юҡ)">икеләтә яҙыу</a> кеүек ысулын ҡулланыу өсөн файҙаланылған<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Икеле цифрҙар комбинацияһы булған йыйылмалар <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Африка халыҡтары (был бит юҡ)">африкалылар</a> тарафынан, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Урта быуаттар">урта быуат</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Геомантия (был бит юҡ)">геомантияһы</a> менән бер рәттән, традицион <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%99%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Күрәҙәлек итеү (был бит юҡ)">күрәҙәлек итеүҙәрҙә</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%84%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ифа (был бит юҡ)">Ифа</a> кеүек) ҡулланылған.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1605_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1605 йыл (был бит юҡ)">1605 йылда</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бэкон, Фрэнсис (был бит юҡ)">Френсис Бэкон</a> алфавитының хәрефтәрен икеле цифрҙар эҙмә-эҙлелектәренә ҡайтарып ҡалдырырға мөмкин булған системаны һүрәтләй, улар үҙ сиратында теләһә ниндәй осраҡлы текстарҙа шрифттарҙың саҡ ҡына һиҙелерлек үҙгәреше кеүек кодланырға мөмкиндәр. Икеле кодлауҙың дөйөм теорияһы үҫешендә, был ысул теләһә ниндәй объекттарға ҡулланылырға мөмкин, тигән иҫкәртеү мөһим аҙым булып тора<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (cм. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шифр Бэкона (был бит юҡ)">Шифр Бэкона</a>).</li></ul> <ul><li>Хәҙерге икеле система <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86,_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лейбниц, Готфрид Вильгельм (был бит юҡ)">Лейбниц</a> тарафынан <a href="/wiki/XVII_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XVII быуат">XVII быуатта</a> <i>Explication de l’Arithmétique Binaire</i> исемле хеҙмәтендә тулыһынса һүрәтләнгән<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Лейбниц иҫәпләү системаһында, хәҙерге икеле системаһындағы кеүек, 0 һәм 1 цифрҙары ҡулланылған. Ҡытай мәҙәниәте менән мауығыусы кеше булараҡ, Лейбниц <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Книга Перемен (был бит юҡ)">Книга Перемен</a> тураһында белгән һәм гексаграммалар 0-дән 111111-гә тиклемге икеле һандарға тап килеүен билдәләгән. Ул, был сағылдырыу Ҡытайҙың шул замандың фәлсәфәүи <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика">математикаһында</a> ҙур ҡаҙаныштарын раҫлаусы дәлил булып тороуы менән һоҡланған<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1854_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1854 йыл">1854 йылда</a> инглиз математигы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Буль, Джордж (был бит юҡ)">Джордж Буль</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Алгебра">алгебраик</a> системаларҙы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика">логикаға</a> ҡулланылышта һүрәтләүсе хеҙмәтен баҫтырып сығара, ул хәҙерге ваҡытта <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Булева алгебра (был бит юҡ)">Булева алгебра</a> йәки <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Логика алгебраһы">логика алгебраһы</a> булараҡ билдәле. Уның логик иҫәпләмәһенә хәҙерге заман цифрлы электрон схемалар эшләүҙә мөһим роль үтәргә насип була.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1937_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1937 йыл">1937 йылда</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шеннон, Клод Элвуд (был бит юҡ)">Клод Шеннон</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Массачусет технология институты (был бит юҡ)">MITта</a> <i>Символический анализ релейных и переключательных схем</i> исемле кандидатлыҡ диссертацияһын яҡлауға тәҡдим итә, унда булева алгебра һәм икеле арифметика электрон реле һәм күсереп ялғағыстарға ҡарата ҡулланылған. Бөтә хәҙерге заман <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цифрлы техника (был бит юҡ)">цифрлы техника</a> асылда Шеннондың диссертацияһына нигеҙләнгән.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1937_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1937 йыл">1937 йылдың</a> ноябрендә, аҙаҡ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bell Labs (был бит юҡ)">Bell Labsта</a> эшләүсе <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%86,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Штибиц, Джордж Роберт (был бит юҡ)">Джордж Штибиц</a>, реле базаһында «Model K» компьютерын (инглиз теленән «<b>K</b>itchen», йыйыу башҡарылған кухня) яһай, ул икеле ҡушыуҙы башҡара. 1938 йыл аҙағында Bell Labs Штибиц етәкселегендә тикшеренеү программаһын йәйелдерә. Уның етәкселегендә эшләнгән, 1940 йылдың 8 ғинуарында әҙер булған компьютер <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Комплекслы һан">комплекслы һандар</a> менән ғәмәлдәр башҡара белә. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дартмут колледж (был бит юҡ)">Дартмут колледжында</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Mathematical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Mathematical Society (был бит юҡ)">American Mathematical Society</a> конференцияһында демонстрациялау ваҡытында, 1940 йылдың 11 сентябрендә, Штибиц алыҫтағы комплекслы һандар калькуляторына телефон линияһы буйынса <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Телетайп (был бит юҡ)">телетайп</a> ҡулланып командалар ебәреү мөмкинлеген демонстрациялай. Был алыҫтағы иҫәпләү машинаһын телефон линияһы ярҙамында ҡулланырға беренсе маташыу була. Демонстрациялау шаһиты булған конференцияла ҡатнашыусылар араһында <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нейман, Джон фон (был бит юҡ)">Джон фон Нейман</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мокли, Джон Уильям (был бит юҡ)">Джон Мокли</a> һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Винер, Норберт (был бит юҡ)">Норберт Винер</a> була, аҙаҡ улар был турала үҙҙәренең мемуарҙарында яҙалар.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ҡыҙыҡлы_факттар"><span id=".D2.A0.D1.8B.D2.99.D1.8B.D2.A1.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D1.84.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Ҡыҙыҡлы факттар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Ҡыҙыҡлы факттар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=18" title="Ҡыҙыҡлы факттар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Новосибирск Академҡаласығында <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рәсәй фәндәр академияһы Себер бүлексәһенең иҫәпләү технологиялары институты (был бит юҡ)">Рәсәй фәндәр академияһы Себер бүлексәһенең иҫәпләү технологиялары институты</a> (элекке СССР фәндәр академияһы Себер бүлексәһенең Иҫәпләү Үҙәге) бинаһының <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фронтон (был бит юҡ)">фронтонында</a> 70<sub><small>10</small></sub>-ға тигеҙ булған 1000110 икеле һан бар, ул бинаны төҙөү датаһын символлаштыра (<a href="/wiki/1970_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1970 йыл">1970 йыл</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ"><span id=".D0.A8.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D1.83.D2.A1_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.93.D1.8B.D2.99"></span>Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=19" title="Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span 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үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Попова Ольга Владимировна.</i> <span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inf777.narod.ru/inf_posobie_popova/razdel_4/4.1.2.htm">Учебное пособие по информатике</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite id="CITEREFSanchezCanton2007">Sanchez, Julio & Canton, Maria P. (2007), <i>«Microcontroller programming: the microchip PIC»</i>, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, с. 37, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/0849371899" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8493-7189-9</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.title=%C2%ABMicrocontroller+programming%3A+the+microchip+PIC%C2%BB&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=Julio&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=%D1%81.+37&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.isbn=0-8493-7189-9"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. S. Anglin and J. Lambek, <i>The Heritage of Thales</i>, Springer, 1995, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/038794544X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-387-94544-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Ordish George, Hyams, Edward.</i> The last of the Incas: the rise and fall of an American empire. — New York: Barnes & Noble, 1996. — С. 80. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/0880295953" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-88029-595-3</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4143968.stm">Experts 'decipher' Inca strings</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/611umbKKZ?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4143968.stm">Архивировано</a> 18 август 2011 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Carlos Radicati di Primeglio, Gary Urton.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TmbajGgliYYC&printsec=frontcover">Estudios sobre los quipus</a>. — P. 49.</span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><cite style="font-style:normal">Dale Buckmaster (1974). «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2490534">The Incan Quipu and the Jacobsen Hypothesis</a>». <i>Journal of Accounting Research</i> <b>12</b> (1): 178—181. Проверено 2009-12-24.</cite></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBacon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Bacon (был бит юҡ)">Bacon, Francis</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.hiwaay.net/~paul/bacon/advancement/book6ch1.html">«The Advancement of Learning»</a></i>, vol. 6, London, сс. Chapter 1<span class="printonly">, <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://home.hiwaay.net/~paul/bacon/advancement/book6ch1.html">http://home.hiwaay.net/~paul/bacon/advancement/book6ch1.html</a>></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.title=%C2%ABThe+Advancement+of+Learning%C2%BB&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=%D1%81%D1%81.+Chapter+1&rft.place=London&rft.place=London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.hiwaay.net%2F%7Epaul%2Fbacon%2Fadvancement%2Fbook6ch1.html"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.leibniz-translations.com/binary.htm">http://www.leibniz-translations.com/binary.htm</a> Leibniz Translation.com EXPLANATION OF BINARY ARITHMETIC</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAiton1985">Aiton, Eric J. (1985), <i>«Leibniz: A Biography»</i>, Taylor & Francis, сс. 245–8, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/0852744706" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-85274-470-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.title=%C2%ABLeibniz%3A+A+Biography%C2%BB&rft.aulast=Aiton&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rft.date=1985&rft.pages=%D1%81%D1%81.+245%E2%80%938&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.isbn=0-85274-470-6"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Һылтанмалар"><span id=".D2.BA.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Һылтанмалар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Һылтанмалар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&section=21" title="Һылтанмалар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:s:ЭСБЕ/Бинарное счисление">Бинарное счисление</a></span> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге">Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге</a>: 86 томда (82 т. һәм 4 өҫтәмә том). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>, 1890—1907.</span> <span class="ref-info" title="Рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(рус.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edu.sbor.net/mars/info/prof/m_mater/mat/teoria2/1.html#pt1">Учебное пособие «Арифметические основы ЭВМ и систем». 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В.</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plm.mccme.ru/ann/a40.htm">Системы счисления</a>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Наука (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Наука</a>, 1987. — 48 с. — (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Популярные лекции по математике (был бит юҡ)">Популярные лекции по математике</a>).</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.ru/lib/files/plm/v40.djvu">альтернативная ссылка</a>), (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01001023369">альтернативная ссылка на сайт РГБ</a>)</li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01008675165">Системы счисления : методические указания и задание к самостоятельной работе по дисциплине "Информатика" для студентов всех специальностей</a>. — Саратов: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%AE._%D0%90._%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Саратовский государственный технический университет имени Ю. А. Гагарина (был бит юҡ)">Саратовский гос. технический ун-т</a>, 2009. — 24 с.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Любомудров А.А.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/02000022563">Системы счисления. Методы перевода чисел из позиционной системы счисления с основанием p1 в позиционную систему счисления с основанием p2</a>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%C2%AB%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A4%D0%98%C2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ» (был бит юҡ)">НИЯУ МИФИ</a>, 2009. — 28 с.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Андреева Е. В.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01002462465">Системы счисления и компьютерная арифметика : учеб. пособие. — изд. 3-е</a>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Бином. Лаб. знаний, 2004. — 254 с.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i> сайтында <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ru.youtube.com/watch?v=cPOgHCqecxY">Системы счисления (16 сент. 2014 г.)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i> сайтында <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ru.youtube.com/watch?v=Xd4WMmmGDHc">МГИУ : Информатика. Выпуск 1. Системы счисления. 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