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<li id="toc-In_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>In China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>In India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Nepal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Nepal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>In Nepal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Nepal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ethnic origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ethnic_origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ethnic origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Haplogroups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haplogroups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Haplogroups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haplogroups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autosomal_DNA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autosomal_DNA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Autosomal DNA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autosomal_DNA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaption_to_high-altitude_environments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaption_to_high-altitude_environments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Adaption to high-altitude environments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaption_to_high-altitude_environments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythological_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythological_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mythological origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythological_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Drama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Clothing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Marriage customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Tibetan_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Tibetan_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>List of Tibetan states</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_Tibetan_states-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of Tibetan states subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_Tibetan_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kingdoms_of_Kham" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdoms_of_Kham"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Kingdoms of Kham</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdoms_of_Kham-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gyalrong_Kingdoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gyalrong_Kingdoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Gyalrong Kingdoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gyalrong_Kingdoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tibetan people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 72 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibettane" title="Tibettane – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tibettane" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="شعب التبت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب التبت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetlil%C9%99r" title="Tibetlilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tibetlilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="تیبت‌لی‌‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیبت‌لی‌‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dng-cho%CC%8Dk" title="Chōng-cho̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chōng-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Тыбетцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тыбетцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тибетци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тибетци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="བོད་མི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བོད་མི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetans" title="Tibetans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tibetans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Тибетçĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тибетçĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibe%C5%A5an%C3%A9" title="Tibeťané – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tibeťané" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanere" title="Tibetanere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tibetanere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeter" title="Tibeter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tibeter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF" title="Θιβετιανοί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θιβετιανοί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia_tibetana" title="Etnia tibetana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Etnia tibetana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanoj" title="Tibetanoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tibetanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetar_(herria)" title="Tibetar (herria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tibetar (herria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="مردم تبتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم تبتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tib%C3%A9tains" title="Tibétains – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tibétains" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tib%C3%A9adaigh" title="Tibéadaigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tibéadaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_tibetano" title="Pobo tibetano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo tibetano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%B2ng-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Chhòng-chhu̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhòng-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="티베트인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티베트인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%A9%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Տիբեթցիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիբեթցիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="तिब्बती लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिब्बती लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Tibet" title="Orang Tibet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetani" title="Tibetani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tibetani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ტიბეტელები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიბეტელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тибеттіктер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тибеттіктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тибеттиктер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тибеттиктер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetie%C5%A1i" title="Tibetieši – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tibetieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetie%C4%8Diai" title="Tibetiečiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tibetiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetiek" title="Tibetiek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tibetiek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetana_(vahoaka)" title="Tibetana (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tibetana (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="തിബെത്തൻ ജനങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തിബെത്തൻ ജനങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="شعب التبت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شعب التبت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Tibet" title="Orang Tibet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2ung-c%C5%ADk" title="Câung-cŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Câung-cŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%B4%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Төвөдүүд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төвөдүүд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="တိဗက်လူမျိုးများ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တိဗက်လူမျိုးများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanen" title="Tibetanen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tibetanen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="तिब्बती जाति – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तिब्बती जाति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="チベット民族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チベット民族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanere" title="Tibetanere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tibetanere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetlar" title="Tibetlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tibetlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبتی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تبتی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tybeta%C5%84czycy" title="Tybetańczycy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tybetańczycy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanos" title="Tibetanos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tibetanos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetani" title="Tibetani – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tibetani" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Тибетцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тибетцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cencu" title="Cencu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Cencu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2" title="ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan%C3%ABt" title="Tibetanët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tibetanët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tibetan people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibe%C5%A5ania" title="Tibeťania – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tibeťania" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тибетанци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тибетанци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanci" title="Tibetanci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tibetanci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiibetil%C3%A4iset" title="Tiibetiläiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiibetiläiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetaner" title="Tibetaner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tibetaner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="திபெத்திய மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திபெத்திய மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="ชาวทิเบต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวทิเบต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetliler" title="Tibetliler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tibetliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%86%D1%96" title="Тибетці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тибетці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="تبتی قوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تبتی قوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%89%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="تىبەت مىللىتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تىبەت مىللىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangcuz" title="Cangcuz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cangcuz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_T%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Người Tạng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Tạng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="藏族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="藏族" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="藏族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Tibet" title="Jolma Tibet – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Tibet" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵉⵜⵉⴱⵉⵜⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵜⵉⴱⵉⵜⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187985#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">East Asian ethnic group native to Tibet</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Tibetan people</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1106655535">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་པ་</span><br /></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:156px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhongdian_festival_(6169776821).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Zhongdian_festival_%286169776821%29.jpg/238px-Zhongdian_festival_%286169776821%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Zhongdian_festival_%286169776821%29.jpg/357px-Zhongdian_festival_%286169776821%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Zhongdian_festival_%286169776821%29.jpg/476px-Zhongdian_festival_%286169776821%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1770" data-file-height="1164" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:197px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhongdian_festival_(6169780777).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Zhongdian_festival_%286169780777%29.jpg/238px-Zhongdian_festival_%286169780777%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Zhongdian_festival_%286169780777%29.jpg/357px-Zhongdian_festival_%286169780777%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Zhongdian_festival_%286169780777%29.jpg/476px-Zhongdian_festival_%286169780777%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="1064" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption">Tibetans in <a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Zhongdian</a> festival</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 7.7 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7.06 million<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="infobox-data">83,779<sup id="cite_ref-censusindia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusindia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20,000–40,000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-education.mnhs.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-education.mnhs.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26,700<sup id="cite_ref-CTA_Study_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTA_Study-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9,350<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,000<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CTA_Study_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTA_Study-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,000<sup id="cite_ref-CTA_Study_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTA_Study-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000<sup id="cite_ref-education.mnhs.org_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-education.mnhs.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000<sup id="cite_ref-CTA_Study_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTA_Study-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,817<sup id="cite_ref-CTA_Study_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTA_Study-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">649<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese languages">Chinese languages</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>; minorities of <a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a> (significant), <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Muslims" title="Tibetan Muslims">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tamang_people" title="Tamang people">Tamang</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lhoba_people" title="Lhoba people">Lhoba</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Monpa</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gurung_people" title="Gurung people">Gurung</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Limbu_people" title="Limbu people">Limbu</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ngalop_people" title="Ngalop people">Ngalop</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sharchop_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharchop people">Sharchop</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ladakhis" title="Ladakhis">Ladakhis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Balti_people" title="Balti people">Baltis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Purigpa" title="Purigpa">Burig</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kachin_people" title="Kachin people">Kachin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bamar_people" title="Bamar people">Bamar</a> <b>·</b> Other <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a>-speaking peoples</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Tibetan people</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Tibetan name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibetan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་པ་</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="bo-Latn">bod pa</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/THL_Simplified_Phonetic_Transcription" title="THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription">THL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="bo-Latn">bö pa</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:藏族">藏族</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Tsang</a> nationality</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zàngzú</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">zaon zoh</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn">Tshông-tshu̍k</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span>zong<sup>6</sup> zuk<sup>6</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Chōng-cho̍k</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a> <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Teochew" title="Guangdong Romanization">Peng'im</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Tsăng-tsôk</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Dong Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="cdo-Latn">Câung-cŭk</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese <a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">endonym</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%B7%B4#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:博巴">博巴</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Bóbā</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Tibetan people</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་པ་</span>, <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: <i>bod pa</i>, <a href="/wiki/THL_Simplified_Phonetic_Transcription" title="THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription">THL</a>: <i>bö pa</i>) are an <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">East Asian</a> ethnic group <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">native</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>. Their current population is estimated to be around 6.7 million. In addition to the majority living in <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, significant numbers of Tibetans live in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Chinese provinces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_refugees_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan refugees in India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic languages</a> belong to the <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman language group</a>. The traditional or mythological explanation of the Tibetan people's origin is that they are the descendants of the human <a href="/wiki/Pha_Trelgen_Changchup_Sempa" title="Pha Trelgen Changchup Sempa">Pha Trelgen Changchup Sempa</a> and rock <a href="/wiki/Ogre" title="Ogre">ogress</a> Ma Drag Sinmo. It is thought that most of the Tibeto-Burman speakers in <a href="/wiki/Southwest_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest China">southwest China</a>, including Tibetans, are direct descendants from the <a href="/wiki/Qiang_(historical_people)" title="Qiang (historical people)">ancient Qiang people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most Tibetans practice <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, although a significant minority observe the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a> religion. There are also smaller communities of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Muslims" title="Tibetan Muslims">Tibetan Muslims</a> and Christians. Tibetan Buddhism influences <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_art" title="Tibetan art">Tibetan art</a>, drama and architecture, while the harsh <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tibet" title="Geography of Tibet">geography of Tibet</a> has produced an adaptive culture of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan medicine">Tibetan medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">cuisine</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of the 2014 census, there are about 6 million Tibetans living in the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a> and the 10 <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefecture" title="Autonomous prefecture">Tibetan autonomous prefectures</a> in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-население_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-население-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">SIL Ethnologue</a> in 2009 documents an additional 189,000 <a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a> speakers living in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, 5,280 in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> and 4,800 in <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Central Tibetan Administration">Central Tibetan Administration</a>'s (CTA) <a href="/wiki/Green_Book_(Tibetan_document)" title="Green Book (Tibetan document)">Green Book</a> (of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Central Tibetan Administration">Tibetan Government in Exile</a>) counts 145,150 Tibetans outside Tibet: a little over 100,000 in India; over 16,000 in Nepal; over 1,800 in Bhutan, and over 25,000 in other parts of the world. There are Tibetan communities in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a> region of Northern Pakistan, the <a href="/wiki/Balti_people" title="Balti people">Balti people</a> are a Muslim ethnicity of Tibetan descent numbering around 300,000.<sup id="cite_ref-AkasoyBurnett2011_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AkasoyBurnett2011-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is some dispute over the current and historical number of Tibetans. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Central Tibetan Administration">Central Tibetan Administration</a> claims that the 5.4 million number is a decrease from 6.3 million in 1959<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Chinese government</a> claims that it is an increase from 2.7 million in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the question depends on the <a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Definitions of Tibet">definition and extent of "Tibet"</a>; the region claimed by the CTA is <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">more expansive</a> and China <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">more diminutive</a>. Also, the Tibetan administration did not take a formal <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> of its territory in the 1950s; the numbers provided by the administration at the time were "based on informed guesswork".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_China">In China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406860611.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406860611.jpg/220px-Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406860611.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406860611.jpg/330px-Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406860611.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406860611.jpg/440px-Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406860611.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2695" data-file-height="1797" /></a><figcaption>Children in Lhasa, Tibet</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406880041.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406880041.jpg/220px-Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406880041.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406880041.jpg/330px-Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406880041.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406880041.jpg/440px-Tibet_-_Lhasa_-_6406880041.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2925" data-file-height="2193" /></a><figcaption>Children in Lhasa, Tibet</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China">Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China</a> (2010), there are 6,282,187 Tibetans nationwide:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 2,716,388 people in the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a>, 1,496,524 people in Sichuan Province, 1,375,059 people in Qinghai Province, 488,359 people in Gansu Province (mostly in <a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bairi_Tibetan_Autonomous_County" title="Bairi Tibetan Autonomous County">Bairi Tibetan Autonomous County</a>) and 142,257 people in Yunnan Province (mostly in <a href="/wiki/Diqing_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a>). Tibetans account for 0.47% of the total population of the country. Tibetans account for 90.48% of the total population in Tibet Region, 24.44% of the total population of Qinghai and 1.86% of the total population in Sichuan. Of all Tibetans in China, 315,622 people live in cities, 923,177 in towns, and 5,043,388 people (80.3%) live in rural areas. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">Seventh Census of 2020</a>, there are 7,060,700 Tibetans living within China. Of the resident population of the Tibet Autonomous Region, 3,204,700 were Tibetans and other ethnic minorities, of whom 3,137,900 were Tibetans, an increase of 421,500, or 15.52%, over 2010, with an average annual growth rate of 1.45%; 66,800 were other ethnic minorities, an increase of 26,300, or 64.95%, over 2010, with an average annual growth rate of 5.13%; and 6,680 were other ethnic minorities, an increase of 26,300, or 64.95%, over 2010, with an average annual growth rate of 5.13%. The average annual growth rate was 5.13%.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are one region, ten prefectures, and two counties officially established by the government: the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a> (TAR), <a href="/wiki/Qinghai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinghai Province">Qinghai Province</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guoluo_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haiximenggu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haiximenggu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (page does not exist)">Haiximenggu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuan Province">Sichuan Province</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aba_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganz_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganz Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (page does not exist)">Ganz Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muji_Tibetan_Autonomous_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muji Tibetan Autonomous County (page does not exist)">Muji Tibetan Autonomous County</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gansu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gansu Province">Gansu Province</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianzhu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (page does not exist)">Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Yunnan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunnan Province">Yunnan Province</a> (<a href="/wiki/Diqing_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ZGZZ_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZGZZ-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_India">In India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In India Tibetic people are found in the regions of <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> (Ladakhi and <a href="/wiki/Balti_people" title="Balti people">Balti</a>), Kinnaur district in <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spiti_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiti valley">Spiti valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bhotiyas_of_Uttarakhand" title="Bhotiyas of Uttarakhand">Bhotiya</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khamba_people" title="Khamba people">Khamba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lhoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhoba">Lhoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Monpa people</a>). There are also nearly 100,000 Tibetans <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora" title="Tibetan diaspora">living in exile</a> in India since 1959,<sup id="cite_ref-Press_Trust_of_India_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Press_Trust_of_India-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the majority of them living in Tibetan enclaves such as <a href="/wiki/Dharamshala" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bylakuppe" title="Bylakuppe">Bylakuppe</a>. </p><p>In 2011, the Indian government reported 150,000 <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora" title="Tibetan diaspora">Tibetan diaspora</a> residing in India. In 2019, the number of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora" title="Tibetan diaspora">Tibetan diaspora</a> in India declined to 85,000.<sup id="cite_ref-AJ60_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ60-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Nepal">In Nepal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Nepal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tibetans are known as <a href="/wiki/Bhotiya" title="Bhotiya">Bhotiyas</a> in Nepal, where they are majority in regions such as <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mustang" title="Upper Mustang">Upper Mustang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolpo" title="Dolpo">Dolpo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walung_people" title="Walung people">Walung region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limi" title="Limi">Limi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muchu" title="Muchu">Muchu</a> valleys. Nepal is also home to other Tibetic people such as the <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyolmo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyolmo people">Hyolmo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamang_people" title="Tamang people">Tamang</a>. There are also more than 10,000 Tibetan refugees in Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic languages</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TAR-TAP-TAC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/TAR-TAP-TAC.png/220px-TAR-TAP-TAC.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/TAR-TAP-TAC.png/330px-TAR-TAP-TAC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/TAR-TAP-TAC.png/440px-TAR-TAP-TAC.png 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Areas in which concentrations of ethnic Tibetans live within <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%89%A9%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8Anepal%E3%83%BBImg188.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%89%A9%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8Anepal%E3%83%BBImg188.jpg/220px-%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%89%A9%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8Anepal%E3%83%BBImg188.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%89%A9%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8Anepal%E3%83%BBImg188.jpg/330px-%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%89%A9%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8Anepal%E3%83%BBImg188.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%89%A9%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8Anepal%E3%83%BBImg188.jpg/440px-%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%89%A9%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8Anepal%E3%83%BBImg188.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2317" data-file-height="3507" /></a><figcaption>Tibetan peddler living in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Tibetic languages (<a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་སྐད།</span>) are a cluster of mutually unintelligible <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a> spoken by approximately 8 million people, primarily Tibetan, living across a wide area of <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, Nepal, <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>, and Bhutan. <a href="/wiki/Classical_Tibetan" title="Classical Tibetan">Classical Tibetan</a> is a major regional literary language, particularly for its use in <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> literature. <sup id="cite_ref-Thurgood_LaPolla_2016_p._26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thurgood_LaPolla_2016_p.-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Tibetan language">Central Tibetan language</a> (the dialects of <a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Ü-Tsang</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Khams_Tibetan" title="Khams Tibetan">Khams Tibetan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amdo_Tibetan" title="Amdo Tibetan">Amdo Tibetan</a> are generally considered to be dialects of a single language, especially since they all share the same literary language, while <a href="/wiki/Dzongkha" title="Dzongkha">Dzongkha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Ladakhi</a> are generally considered to be separate languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2016_p._85_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2016_p._85-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_Middle_Aged_Lady.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tibetan_Middle_Aged_Lady.jpg/220px-Tibetan_Middle_Aged_Lady.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tibetan_Middle_Aged_Lady.jpg/330px-Tibetan_Middle_Aged_Lady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tibetan_Middle_Aged_Lady.jpg/440px-Tibetan_Middle_Aged_Lady.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Tibetan Middle aged woman in <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_spectator_at_celebrations_for_TCV%27s_50th_anniversary._Dharamsala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tibetan_spectator_at_celebrations_for_TCV%27s_50th_anniversary._Dharamsala.jpg/220px-Tibetan_spectator_at_celebrations_for_TCV%27s_50th_anniversary._Dharamsala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tibetan_spectator_at_celebrations_for_TCV%27s_50th_anniversary._Dharamsala.jpg/330px-Tibetan_spectator_at_celebrations_for_TCV%27s_50th_anniversary._Dharamsala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tibetan_spectator_at_celebrations_for_TCV%27s_50th_anniversary._Dharamsala.jpg/440px-Tibetan_spectator_at_celebrations_for_TCV%27s_50th_anniversary._Dharamsala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="925" /></a><figcaption>Tibetan spectator at celebrations for <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Children%27s_Villages" title="Tibetan Children's Villages">TCV's</a> 50th anniversary. Dharamsala</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnic_origins">Ethnic origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ethnic origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ethnic roots of Tibetans can be traced back to a deep Eastern Asian lineage representing the indigenous population of the Tibetan plateau since c. 40,000 to 30,000 years ago, and arriving Neolithic farmers from the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> within the last 10,000 years, and which can be associated with having introduced the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetics">Genetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of East Asia">Genetic history of East Asia</a></div> <p>Modern Tibetan populations are genetically most similar to other <a href="/wiki/East_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian">East Asian</a> populations, especially <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bhutan" title="Demographics of Bhutan">Bhutanese</a>, as well as other <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan-speaking populations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lu_2016_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lu_2016-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They show relatively more genetic affinity for modern <a href="/wiki/Central_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Asian">Central Asian</a> than modern Siberian populations.<sup id="cite_ref-Lu_2016_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lu_2016-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also share some genetic affinity for <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian ethnic groups">South Asian groups</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lu_2016_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lu_2016-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genetic studies shows that many of the <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa people</a> have <a href="/wiki/Allele_frequencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Allele frequencies">allele frequencies</a> which are often found in other Tibeto-Burman regions, the strongest affinity was for Tibetan population sample studies done in the Tibet Autonomous Region.<sup id="cite_ref-Bhandari_20152_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhandari_20152-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genetically, the Sherpa cluster closest with the sampled Tibetan and Han populations.<sup id="cite_ref-ColeCox20172_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ColeCox20172-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the Sherpa and Tibetans had exhibited affinity for several Nepalese populations, with the strongest for the <a href="/wiki/Rai_people" title="Rai people">Rai people</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Magars" title="Magars">Magars</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tamang_people" title="Tamang people">Tamang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ColeCox20172_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ColeCox20172-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Haplogroups">Haplogroups</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Haplogroups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Migration_of_the_Y_chromosome_haplogroup_C,_D,_N_and_O.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Migration_of_the_Y_chromosome_haplogroup_C%2C_D%2C_N_and_O.png/220px-Migration_of_the_Y_chromosome_haplogroup_C%2C_D%2C_N_and_O.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="566" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Migration_of_the_Y_chromosome_haplogroup_C%2C_D%2C_N_and_O.png/330px-Migration_of_the_Y_chromosome_haplogroup_C%2C_D%2C_N_and_O.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Migration_of_the_Y_chromosome_haplogroup_C%2C_D%2C_N_and_O.png/440px-Migration_of_the_Y_chromosome_haplogroup_C%2C_D%2C_N_and_O.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="4634" /></a><figcaption>Proposed migration routes of the East Asian Y chromosome haplogroups C, D, N and O</figcaption></figure><p>Tibetan males predominantly belong to the paternal lineage <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_D-M174" title="Haplogroup D-M174">D-M174</a> followed by lower amounts of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_O-M175" title="Haplogroup O-M175">O-M175</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tibetan females belong mainly to the Northeast Asian maternal haplogroups M9a1a, M9a1b, D4g2, D4i and G2ac, showing continuity with ancient middle and upper <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> populations.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although "East Asian Highlanders" (associated with <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_D1" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup D1">haplogroup D1</a>) are closely related to East Asian lowland farmers (associated with <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_O-M175" title="Haplogroup O-M175">haplogroup O</a>), they form a divergent sister branch to them.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Autosomal_DNA">Autosomal DNA</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Autosomal DNA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deep_Tibetan_admixture_graph_modeling.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Deep_Tibetan_admixture_graph_modeling.webp/220px-Deep_Tibetan_admixture_graph_modeling.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Deep_Tibetan_admixture_graph_modeling.webp/330px-Deep_Tibetan_admixture_graph_modeling.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Deep_Tibetan_admixture_graph_modeling.webp/440px-Deep_Tibetan_admixture_graph_modeling.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1478" /></a><figcaption>ADMIXTURE graph on modern Tibetan groups.</figcaption></figure><p> Full genome studies revealed that Tibetans and other high-alltitude East Asians formed from two divergent <a href="/wiki/Ancient_East_Eurasians" title="Ancient East Eurasians">Ancient East Eurasian</a> lineages in Eastern Asia, specifically a lineage representing the Paleolithic population of the Tibetan Plateau, and a lineage associated with <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Northern_East_Asian" title="Ancient Northern East Asian">Ancient Northern East Asians</a>. The Paleolithic Tibetan lineage was found to be distinct from other deep lineages such as <a href="/wiki/Ust%27-Ishim_man" title="Ust'-Ishim man">Ust'-Ishim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoabinhian" title="Hoabinhian">Hoabinhian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Andamanese_peoples" title="Andamanese peoples">Onge</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tianyuan_man" title="Tianyuan man">Tianyuan</a>, but forming a clade with them to the exclusion of other Eurasians. The Northern East Asian lineage can be represented by Neolithic Yellow River farmers, which are associated with the spread of Sino-Tibetan languages. Modern Tibetans derive up to 20% from Paleolithic Tibetans, with the remaining 80% being primarily derived from Yellow River farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The formation of the present-day Tibetan gene pool dates back at least 5,100 years BP.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chronological,_geographic_distribution_and_genetic_landscape_of_ancient_individuals_of_the_Tibetan_Plateau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chronological%2C_geographic_distribution_and_genetic_landscape_of_ancient_individuals_of_the_Tibetan_Plateau.jpg/220px-Chronological%2C_geographic_distribution_and_genetic_landscape_of_ancient_individuals_of_the_Tibetan_Plateau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chronological%2C_geographic_distribution_and_genetic_landscape_of_ancient_individuals_of_the_Tibetan_Plateau.jpg/330px-Chronological%2C_geographic_distribution_and_genetic_landscape_of_ancient_individuals_of_the_Tibetan_Plateau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chronological%2C_geographic_distribution_and_genetic_landscape_of_ancient_individuals_of_the_Tibetan_Plateau.jpg/440px-Chronological%2C_geographic_distribution_and_genetic_landscape_of_ancient_individuals_of_the_Tibetan_Plateau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4121" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Principal_component_analysis" title="Principal component analysis">Principal component analysis</a> (PCA) on chronological, geographic distribution and genetic data of ancient individuals of the Tibetan Plateau</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genetic_links_between_Tibeto-Burman_speakers.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Genetic_links_between_Tibeto-Burman_speakers.webp/220px-Genetic_links_between_Tibeto-Burman_speakers.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Genetic_links_between_Tibeto-Burman_speakers.webp/330px-Genetic_links_between_Tibeto-Burman_speakers.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Genetic_links_between_Tibeto-Burman_speakers.webp/440px-Genetic_links_between_Tibeto-Burman_speakers.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>Genetic links between Tibeto-Burman speakers and their approximate ancestry components.</figcaption></figure> <p>Northeastern Tibetans display additional geneflow from a Yellow River farmers-like population c. 4,700 years ago, resulting in the formation of a "Tibetan cline".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern Tibetans display genetic continuity to ancient samples from <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, with their genetic diversity having been reduced compared to 'Early Ancient Tibetans' suggesting low to none geneflow from outside groups since c. 3,500 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent internal geneflow resulted in "a northeastern plateau ancestry associated with the northeast cluster, a southern plateau ancestry associated with the south-southwest cluster, and a southeastern plateau ancestry associated with the southeast-central cluster".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was limited contact with <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asian</a> populations, inline with historical events, evident in mutual geneflow. The expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a> may have left genetic traces in surrounding populations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adaption_to_high-altitude_environments">Adaption to high-altitude environments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adaption to high-altitude environments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genetic studies identified more than 30 genetic factors that make Tibetans' bodies well-suited for high-altitudes, including the <a href="/wiki/EPAS1" title="EPAS1">EPAS1 gene</a>, also referred to as the "super-athlete gene", which regulates the body's production of hemoglobin,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowing for greater efficiency in the use of oxygen.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/High-altitude_adaptation_in_humans#Tibetans_2" title="High-altitude adaptation in humans">genetic basis</a> of Tibetan adaptations have been attributed to a mutation in the <a href="/wiki/EPAS1" title="EPAS1">EPAS1</a> gene,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has become prevalent in the past 5,000 years. Ancient Tibetans carried this allele at a frequency of 25–58%, while modern Tibetans carry it at a frequency of >75%.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The widespread presence of this gene may represent one of "the fastest genetic change ever observed in humans".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent research into the ability of Tibetans' <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a> to function normally in the oxygen-deficient atmosphere above 4,400 metres (14,400 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shows that, although Tibetans living at high altitudes have no more oxygen in their blood than other people, they have ten times more <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">nitric oxide</a> and double the forearm blood flow of low-altitude dwellers. Tibetans inherited this adaptation due to selected genes associated with <a href="/wiki/Denisovan" title="Denisovan">Denisovan</a> admixture among Asian populations, highlighting how different environments trigger different selective pressures.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitric oxide causes dilation of blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more freely to the extremities and aids the release of oxygen to tissues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mythological_origins">Mythological origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mythological origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_mythology" title="Tibetan mythology">Tibetan mythology</a>, the origins of Tibetans are said to be rooted in the marriage of the monkey <a href="/wiki/Pha_Trelgen_Changchup_Sempa" title="Pha Trelgen Changchup Sempa">Pha Trelgen Changchup Sempa</a> and rock <a href="/wiki/Ogre" title="Ogre">ogress</a> Ma Drag Sinmo.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_1016_Lhasa_Barkhor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/IMG_1016_Lhasa_Barkhor.jpg/220px-IMG_1016_Lhasa_Barkhor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/IMG_1016_Lhasa_Barkhor.jpg/330px-IMG_1016_Lhasa_Barkhor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/IMG_1016_Lhasa_Barkhor.jpg/440px-IMG_1016_Lhasa_Barkhor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Buddhists performing prostrations in front of <a href="/wiki/Jokhang_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Jokhang Monastery">Jokhang Monastery</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Muslims" title="Tibetan Muslims">Tibetan Muslims</a></div> <p>Most Tibetans generally observe <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> or a collection of native traditions known as <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bön">Bön</a> (also absorbed into mainstream Tibetan Buddhism). There is a minority <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Muslims" title="Tibetan Muslims">Tibetan Muslim</a> population.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a small Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> population in the eastern Tibet and northwestern Yunnan of China. Also there are some Tibetan Hindus who mainly live in China, India and Nepal. </p><p>According to legend, the 28th king of Tibet, <a href="/wiki/Thothori_Nyantsen" title="Thothori Nyantsen">Thothori Nyantsen</a>, dreamed of a sacred treasure falling from heaven, which contained a Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantras</a>, and religious objects. However, because the Tibetan script had not been invented, the text could not be translated in writing and no one initially knew what was written in it. Buddhism did not take root in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> until the reign of <a href="/wiki/Songts%C3%A4n_Gampo" class="mw-redirect" title="Songtsän Gampo">Songtsän Gampo</a>, who married two Buddhist princesses, <a href="/wiki/Bhrikuti" title="Bhrikuti">Bhrikuti</a> of Nepal and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Wencheng" title="Princess Wencheng">Wencheng</a> of China. It then gained popularity when <a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhāva</a> visited <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> at the invitation of the 38th Tibetan king, <a href="/wiki/Trisong_Deutson" class="mw-redirect" title="Trisong Deutson">Trisong Deutson</a>. </p><p>Today, one can see Tibetans placing <a href="/wiki/Mani_stone" title="Mani stone">Mani stones</a> prominently in public places. Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">lamas</a>, both Buddhist and Bön, play a major role in the lives of the Tibetan people, conducting religious ceremonies and taking care of the monasteries. Pilgrims plant <a href="/wiki/Prayer_flag" title="Prayer flag">prayer flags</a> over sacred grounds as a symbol of good luck. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Prayer_wheel" title="Prayer wheel">prayer wheel</a> is a means of simulating the chant of a mantra by physically revolving the object several times in a clockwise direction. It is widely seen among Tibetan people. In order not to desecrate religious artifacts such as <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupas</a>, mani stones, and <a href="/wiki/Gompa" title="Gompa">Gompas</a>, Tibetan Buddhists walk around them in a clockwise direction, although the reverse direction is true for <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bön">Bön</a>. Tibetan Buddhists chant the prayer "<a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a>", while the practitioners of Bön chant "Om matri muye sale du". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Tibet">Culture of Tibet</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-BB-152-11,_Tibetexpedition,_Tibeter_mit_Handm%C3%BChle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-BB-152-11%2C_Tibetexpedition%2C_Tibeter_mit_Handm%C3%BChle.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-BB-152-11%2C_Tibetexpedition%2C_Tibeter_mit_Handm%C3%BChle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-BB-152-11%2C_Tibetexpedition%2C_Tibeter_mit_Handm%C3%BChle.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-BB-152-11%2C_Tibetexpedition%2C_Tibeter_mit_Handm%C3%BChle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-BB-152-11%2C_Tibetexpedition%2C_Tibeter_mit_Handm%C3%BChle.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-BB-152-11%2C_Tibetexpedition%2C_Tibeter_mit_Handm%C3%BChle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Tibetan wearing the typical hat operating a <a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">quern</a> to grind fried <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>. The perpendicular handle of such rotary handmills works as a <a href="/wiki/Crank_(mechanism)" title="Crank (mechanism)">crank</a> (1938 photo).</figcaption></figure> <p>Tibet is rich in culture. Tibetan festivals such as <a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shoton" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoton">Shoton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linka_(festival)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linka (festival) (page does not exist)">Linka</a>, and the Bathing Festival are deeply rooted in indigenous religion and also contain foreign influences. Each person takes part in the Bathing Festival three times: at birth, at marriage, and at death.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_art" title="Tibetan art">Tibetan art</a> is deeply religious in nature, from the exquisitely detailed statues found in <a href="/wiki/Gonpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonpa">Gonpas</a> to wooden carvings and the intricate designs of the <a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">Thangka</a> paintings. Tibetan art can be found in almost every object and every aspect of daily life. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">Thangka</a> paintings, a syncretism of Indian scroll-painting with Nepalese and Kashmiri painting, appeared in Tibet around the 8th century. Rectangular and painted on cotton or linen, they usually depict traditional motifs including religious, astrological, and theological subjects, and sometimes a <a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">mandala</a>. To ensure that the image will not fade, organic and mineral pigments are added, and the painting is framed in colorful silk brocades. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drama">Drama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Drama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tibetan folk opera, known as <a href="/wiki/Lhamo" title="Lhamo">lhamo</a>, is a combination of dances, chants and songs. The repertoire is drawn from Buddhist stories and Tibetan history.<sup id="cite_ref-Diehl_2002_p._49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diehl_2002_p.-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tibetan opera was founded in the fourteenth century by <a href="/wiki/Thang_Tong_Gyalpo" title="Thang Tong Gyalpo">Thang Tong Gyalpo</a>, a lama and a bridge-builder. Gyalpo and seven girls he recruited organized the first performance to raise funds for building bridges to facilitate transportation in Tibet. The tradition continued uninterrupted for nearly seven hundred years, and performances are held on various festive occasions such as the Lingka and Shoton festival. The performance is usually a drama, held on a barren stage that combines dances, chants, and songs. Colorful masks are sometimes worn to identify a character, with red symbolizing a king and yellow indicating deities and lamas. The performance starts with a stage purification and blessings. A narrator then sings a summary of the story, and the performance begins. Another ritual blessing is conducted at the end of the play. There are also many historical myths/epics written by high lamas about the reincarnation of a "chosen one" who will do great things. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most unusual feature of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan architecture">Tibetan architecture</a> is that many of the houses and monasteries are built on elevated, sunny sites facing the south. They are commonly made of a mixture of rocks, wood, cement and earth. Little fuel is available for heating or lighting, so flat roofs are built to conserve heat, and multiple windows are constructed to let in sunlight. Walls are usually sloped inwards at 10 degrees as a precaution against frequent earthquakes in the mountainous area. Tibetan homes and buildings are white-washed on the outside, and beautifully decorated inside. </p><p>Standing at 117 metres (384 ft) in height and 360 metres (1,180 ft) in width, the <a href="/wiki/Potala_Palace" title="Potala Palace">Potala Palace</a> is considered the most important example of Tibetan architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_2022_p._372_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_2022_p._372-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formerly the residence of the <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>, it contains over a thousand rooms within thirteen stories and houses portraits of the past Dalai Lamas and statues of the Buddha. It is divided between the outer White Palace, which serves as the administrative quarters, and the inner Red Quarters, which houses the assembly hall of the Lamas, chapels, 10,000 shrines, and a vast library of Buddhist scriptures.<sup id="cite_ref-Breslin_2019_p._71_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breslin_2019_p._71-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg/220px-%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg/330px-%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg/440px-%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2809" data-file-height="1867" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Potala_Palace" title="Potala Palace">Potala Palace</a>, 2013</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicine">Medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Tibetan medicine">Traditional Tibetan medicine</a> utilizes up to two thousand types of plants, forty animal species, and fifty minerals. One of the key figures in its development was the renowned 8th century physician <a href="/wiki/Yuthog_Yontan_Gonpo" title="Yuthog Yontan Gonpo">Yuthog Yontan Gonpo</a>, who produced the Four Medical Tantras integrating material from the medical traditions of Persia, India and China. The tantras contained a total of 156 chapters in the form of Thangkas, which tell about the archaic Tibetan medicine and the essences of medicines in other places.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_breakfast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tibetan_breakfast.jpg/220px-Tibetan_breakfast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tibetan_breakfast.jpg/330px-Tibetan_breakfast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tibetan_breakfast.jpg/440px-Tibetan_breakfast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A simple Tibetan breakfast</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Tibet">Cuisine of Tibet</a> reflects the rich heritage of the country and people's adaptation to high altitude and religious culinary restrictions. The most important crop is <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>. Dough made from barley flour, called <a href="/wiki/Tsampa" title="Tsampa">tsampa</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>. This is either rolled into noodles or made into steamed dumplings called <a href="/wiki/Momo_(food)" title="Momo (food)">momo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">Meat</a> dishes are likely to be <a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">yak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mutton" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutton">mutton</a>, often dried or cooked into a spicy <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stew</a> with <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mustard_seed" title="Mustard seed">Mustard seed</a> is cultivated in Tibet and therefore features heavily in its cuisine. Yak <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a> are frequently eaten and well-prepared yogurt is considered something of a prestige item.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dorfe_1985_p._54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorfe_1985_p.-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein_Beall_1990_p._35_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein_Beall_1990_p._35-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothing">Clothing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Men and Women wear long thick dresses (<i><a href="/wiki/Chuba" title="Chuba">chuba</a></i>) in more traditional and rural regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_Liang_Shi_2022_p._438_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_Liang_Shi_2022_p._438-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The men wear a shorter version with pants underneath. The style of the clothing varies between regions. Nomads often wear thick sheepskin versions. In more urban places like Lhasa, men and women dress in modern clothing, and many choose to wear chuba during festivals and holidays like <a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nevins_Bosco_Levy_2016_p._64_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevins_Bosco_Levy_2016_p._64-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ponnappan_Atma_2021_p._58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ponnappan_Atma_2021_p.-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_literature" title="Tibetan literature">Tibetan literature</a></div> <p>Tibet has national literature that has both religious, semi-spiritual and secular elements. While the religious texts are well-known, Tibet is also home to the semi-spiritual <a href="/wiki/Epic_of_King_Gesar" title="Epic of King Gesar">Gesar Epic</a>, which is the longest epic in the world and is popular throughout Mongolia and Central Asia. There are secular texts such as <i>The Dispute Between Tea and Chang</i> (Tibetan beer) and <i>Khache Phalu's Advice</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_customs">Marriage customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Marriage customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Polyandry_in_Tibet" title="Polyandry in Tibet">Polyandry in Tibet</a></div> <p>Monogamy is common throughout Tibet. Marriages are sometimes arranged by the parents if the son or daughter has not picked their own partner by a certain age. However, polyandry is practiced in parts of Tibet. This is usually done to avoid division of property and provide financial security.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Tibetan_states">List of Tibetan states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: List of Tibetan states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhung_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangzhung Kingdom">Zhangzhung Kingdom</a> (500 BC – AD 625)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_dynasty" title="Yarlung dynasty">Yarlung dynasty</a> (?–618) (semi-mythological)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a> (618–842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bumthang" title="Kingdom of Bumthang">Kingdom of Bumthang</a> (7th–17th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guge_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Guge Kingdom">Guge Kingdom</a> (842–1630)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burang_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Burang County">Purang Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryul" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryul">Maryul</a> (930–1500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsongkha" title="Tsongkha">Tsongkha</a> Kingdom (997–1099) (Amdo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagmodrupa_dynasty" title="Phagmodrupa dynasty">Phagmodrupa dynasty</a> (1354–1618) (Ü-Tsang)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqpon_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqpon kingdom">Maqpon kingdom</a> (1190–1846) (Baltistan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpungpa_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rinpungpa dynasty">Rinpungpa dynasty</a> (1435–1565) (Tsang)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yabgo_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yabgo dynasty (page does not exist)">Yabgo dynasty</a> (before 1500–1972) (Baltistan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsangpa_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsangpa dynasty">Tsangpa dynasty</a> (1565–1642) (Tsang)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganden_Phodrang" title="Ganden Phodrang">Ganden Phodrang</a> (1642–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namgyal_dynasty_of_Ladakh" title="Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh">Namgyal dynasty</a> (1460–1842) (Ladakh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chogyal" title="Chogyal">Chogyal Namgyal</a> dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a> (1642–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet (1912–1951)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdoms_of_Kham">Kingdoms of Kham</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Kingdoms of Kham"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyarong" title="Nyarong">Nyagrong Kingdom</a> (?–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powo" title="Kingdom of Powo">Kingdom of Powo</a> (?–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangq%C3%AAn_County" title="Nangqên County">Nangcheng Kingdom</a> (?–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdom_of_Lithang" title="Chiefdom of Lithang">Litang Kingdom</a> (?–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lingtsang" title="Kingdom of Lingtsang">Kingdom of Lingtsang</a> (12th century – 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Derge" title="Kingdom of Derge">Kingdom of Derge</a> (15th century – 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor_States" title="Hor States">Hor States</a> (Horpa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdom_of_Bathang" title="Chiefdom of Bathang">Chiefdom of Bathang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gyalrong_Kingdoms">Gyalrong Kingdoms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Gyalrong Kingdoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Chakla" title="Kingdom of Chakla">Kingdom of Chakla</a> (1407–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdom_of_Chuchen" title="Chiefdom of Chuchen">Chiefdom of Chuchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdom_of_Tsanlha" title="Chiefdom of Tsanlha">Chiefdom of Tsanlha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet" title="History of Tibet">History of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tibetan_history" title="Timeline of Tibetan history">Timeline of Tibetan history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tibet" title="Flag of Tibet">Flag of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumpa" title="Sumpa">Sumpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mustang" title="Upper Mustang">Upper Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baima_people" title="Baima people">Baima people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balti_people" title="Balti people">Balti people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhotias" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhotias">Bhotias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burig" class="mw-redirect" title="Burig">Burig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_people" title="Limbu people">Limbu people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhoba_people" title="Lhoba people">Lhoba people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Monpa Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakali_people" title="Thakali people">Thakali people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changpa" title="Changpa">Changpa people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golok_people" title="Golok people">Golok people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wutun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wutun people">Wutun people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Muslims" title="Tibetan Muslims">Tibetan Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora" title="Tibetan diaspora">Tibetan diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Americans" title="Tibetan Americans">Tibetan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Central Tibetan Administration">Central Tibetan Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Tibetan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Tibetan_Sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Tibetan Sentiment">Anti-Tibetan Sentiment</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/6rp/indexch.htm">"index"</a>. <i>www.stats.gov.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Online version on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/">ethnologue.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071227170852/http://www.ethnologue.com/">Archived</a> 27 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/world/story/us-senators-approve-5000-visas-tibet-refugees-20130521">US senators approve 5,000 visas for Tibet refugees</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131227041434/http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/world/story/us-senators-approve-5000-visas-tibet-refugees-20130521">Archived</a> 27 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a></i>. 21 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AkasoyBurnett2011-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AkasoyBurnett2011_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnna_AkasoyCharles_S._F._BurnettRonit_Yoeli-Tlalim2011" class="citation book cs1">Anna Akasoy; Charles S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=127935+Tibetans+living+outside+Tibet%3A+Tibetan+survey&rft.date=2010-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2F127935-Tibetans-living-outside-Tibet-Tibetan-survey%2FArticle1-634405.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibetan+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJ60-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AJ60_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurohit2019" class="citation web cs1">Purohit, Kunal (21 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2019/3/21/after-60-years-in-india-why-are-tibetans-leaving">"After 60 years in India, why are Tibetans leaving?"</a>. <i>Aljazeera</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aljazeera&rft.atitle=After+60+years+in+India%2C+why+are+Tibetans+leaving%3F&rft.date=2019-03-21&rft.aulast=Purohit&rft.aufirst=Kunal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2019%2F3%2F21%2Fafter-60-years-in-india-why-are-tibetans-leaving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibetan+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward J. Mills et al., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1308816/">Prevalence of mental disorders and torture among Tibetan refugees: A systematic review</a>, BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2005; 5: 7. "It is estimated that more than 150,000 Tibetan refugees reside in the neighboring countries of Bhutan, Nepal, and India"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thurgood_LaPolla_2016_p.-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thurgood_LaPolla_2016_p._26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurgoodLaPolla2016" class="citation book cs1">Thurgood, G.; LaPolla, R.J. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PDglDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Sino-Tibetan Languages</i></a>. Routledge Language Family Series. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+General+History+of+Chinese+Art%3A+Qing+Dynasty&rft.pages=372&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-3-11-079093-1&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEoWIEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibetan+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breslin_2019_p._71-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Breslin_2019_p._71_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreslin2019" class="citation book cs1">Breslin, S. 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(2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2nZmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64"><i>Tibet: Third Edition</i></a>. Cultures of the World (Third Edition). Cavendish Square Publishing. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5026-2213-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5026-2213-6"><bdi>978-1-5026-2213-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tibet%3A+Third+Edition&rft.series=Cultures+of+the+World+%28Third+Edition%29&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Cavendish+Square+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-5026-2213-6&rft.aulast=Nevins&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Bosco%2C+D.&rft.au=Levy%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2nZmDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibetan+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ponnappan_Atma_2021_p.-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ponnappan_Atma_2021_p._58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonnappanAtma2021" class="citation book cs1">Ponnappan, J.K.; Atma, K. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Losar%3A+The+Tibetan+New+Year&rft.series=Tibetan+Festival&rft.pub=Amazon+Digital+Services+LLC+%E2%80%93+Kdp&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=979-8-7100-7457-2&rft.aulast=Ponnappan&rft.aufirst=J.K.&rft.au=Atma%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmw89zgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibetan+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stein (1978), pp. 97–98.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tibet"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tibet">"Tibet" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 918.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tibet&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=918&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibetan+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Goldstein, Melvyn C., "Study of the Family structure in Tibet", <i>Natural History</i>, March 1987: 109–112. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030306141537/http://www.cwru.edu/affil/tibet/family.html">[1]</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>).</li> <li>Stein, R.A. (1972). <i>Tibetan Civilization</i>. J.E. Stapleton Driver (trans.). Stanford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-0901-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-0901-7">0-8047-0901-7</a> (paper); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-0806-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-0806-1">0-8047-0806-1</a>.</li> <li>Su, Bing, <i>et al.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050228172123/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/HG_2000_v107_p582.pdf">"Y chromosome haplotypes reveal prehistorical migrations to the Himalayas"</a>. <i>Human Genetics</i> 107, 2000: 582–590.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imagingeverest.rgs.org/Concepts/Imaging_Everest/-6.html">Imaging Everest</a>: article on Tibetan people at the time of early mountaineering from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/culture/96152.htm">Tibetan costume</a> from china.org.cn</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rukor.org/">Rukor where the world discusses the fate of the nomads</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101193742/http://www.360doc.com/content/12/0813/22/276037_230028707.shtml">Map share of ethnic by county of China</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Template:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><u>Underlined</u>: the 56 <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China#Ethnic_groups_recognized_by_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">recognized ethnic groups</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuanqing_people" title="Chuanqing people">Chuanqing</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups" title="Han Chinese subgroups">subgroups</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_people" title="Longjia people">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_people" title="Waxiang people">Waxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Achang_people" title="Achang people">Achang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_language" title="Bisu language">Bisu</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hani</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jino_people" title="Jino people">Jino</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucong" title="Kucong">Kucong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laomian_language" title="Laomian language">Laomian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laopin_language" title="Laopin language">Laopin</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosuo" title="Mosuo">Mosuo</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nakhi_people" title="Nakhi people">Nakhi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nu_people" title="Nu people">Nu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixingmin_people" title="Qixingmin people">Qixingmin</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baima_people" title="Baima people">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrong_people" title="Gyalrong people">Gyalrong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Pumi_people" title="Pumi people">Pumi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Monpa</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a></li> <li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tibetan</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishmi_people" title="Mishmi people">Deng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Derung_people" title="Derung people">Derung</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_people" title="Jingpo people">Jingpo</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lhoba_people" title="Lhoba people">Lhoba</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Blang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blang people">Blang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu" title="Bolyu">Bolyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_language" title="Hu language">Kunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu_language" title="Bolyu language">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mang people">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugan_language" title="Bugan language">Pakan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Palaung_people" title="Palaung people">Ta'ang</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese in China">Vietnamese</a>(<a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Jingzu</a>)</u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Wa_people" title="Wa people">Wa</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_China" title="Filipinos in China">Filipino</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Gaoshan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsuls" title="Utsuls">Utsuls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gejia_people" title="Gejia people">Gejia</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/She_people" title="She people">She</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonan</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dongxiangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongxiangs">Dongxiang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatso" title="Khatso">Khatso</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongols</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaga_Mongols" title="Abaga Mongols">Abaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaganar" title="Abaganar">Abaganar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aohans" title="Aohans">Aohans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlos_Mongols" title="Gorlos Mongols">Gorlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaids" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalaids">Jalaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaruud" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaruud">Jaruud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharchin_Mongols" title="Kharchin Mongols">Kharchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khishigten" title="Khishigten">Khishigten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorchin_Mongols" title="Khorchin Mongols">Khorchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Khuuchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muumyangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Muumyangan">Muumyangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_people" title="Dzungar people">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoid" title="Khoid">Khoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut" title="Khoshut">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olot_people" title="Olot people">Olot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mongols" title="Upper Mongols">Upper Mongols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onnigud" class="mw-redirect" title="Onnigud">Onnigud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Mongols" title="Sichuan Mongols">Sichuan Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunud">Sunud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urad_Mongols" title="Urad Mongols">Urad</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogwo_Arig" title="Sogwo Arig">Sogwo Arig</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yugur_language" title="Eastern Yugur language">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bouyei</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_people" title="Buyang people">Buyang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nua</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kam_people" title="Kam people">Dong</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Gelao_people" title="Gelao people">Gelao</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hlai_people" title="Hlai people">Li</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Maonan_people" title="Maonan people">Maonan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mulao_people" title="Mulao people">Mulao</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_people" title="Qabiao people">Qabiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rau_peoples" title="Rau peoples">Rau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sui_people" title="Sui people">Sui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_people" title="Yang people">Yang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Evenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solon_people" title="Solon people">Solon</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nanai_people" title="Nanai people">Nanai</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Oroqen_people" title="Oroqen people">Oroqen</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sibe_people" title="Sibe people">Sibes</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolan_people" title="Dolan people">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk People">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Kazakh</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Kyrgyz</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Tatar</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Uzbeks</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_China" title="Iranians in China">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_China" title="Nepalis in China">Nepalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daman_people" title="Daman people">Daman</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_China" title="Russians in China">Russians</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_Xinjiang" title="Tajiks of Xinjiang">Tajiks (Pamiris)</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Chinese" title="African Chinese">African Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese in China">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chaoxianzu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoxianzu">Chaoxianzu</a>)</u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_people" title="Nivkh people">Nivkhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_China" title="Pakistanis in China">Pakistanis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_nationalism" title="Han nationalism">Han nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">chauvinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_ethnic_nationalism" title="Local ethnic nationalism">Local ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minzu_(anthropology)" title="Minzu (anthropology)">Minzu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_minzu" title="Zhonghua minzu">Zhonghua minzu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrants and expatriates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_China" title="Template:Immigration to China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_China" title="Template talk:Immigration to China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_China" title="Immigration to China">Immigration to China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_people_in_China" title="Burmese people in China">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_China" title="Filipinos in China">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelis_in_China" title="Israelis in China">Israelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_China" title="Iranians in China">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_China" title="Japanese people in China">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_community_of_Shanghai" title="Japanese community of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_community_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean community of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_China" title="Nepalis in China">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_China" title="Pakistanis in China">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China-outline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/China-outline.svg/80px-China-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/China-outline.svg/120px-China-outline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/China-outline.svg/160px-China-outline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Chinese" title="African Chinese">Africans</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Guangzhou" title="Africans in Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Hong_Kong" title="Africans in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_China" title="Americans in China">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_China" title="Australians in China">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_China" title="Britons in China">Britons</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Hong_Kong" title="Britons in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadians_in_China" title="Canadians in China">Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_China" title="Nigerians in China">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_China" title="Poles in China">Poles</a></li> <li>Portuguese <small>(<a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macau</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_China" title="Russians in China">Russians</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Albazinians" title="Albazinians">Albazinians</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Russians" title="Harbin Russians">Harbin</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Russians" title="Shanghai Russians">Shanghai</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">Demographics of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_immigration_policy" title="Hong Kong immigration policy">Immigration to Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Macau" title="Immigration to Macau">Immigration to Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">History of the Jews in China</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hong_Kong" title="History of the Jews in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-occupied_developments_in_China" title="Under-occupied developments in China">Under-occupied developments in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_China" title="Illegal immigration to China">Illegal immigration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>For immigrants and expatriates in Hong Kong, see: <a href="/wiki/Template:Hong_Kongers" title="Template:Hong Kongers">Hong Kong people</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">Unrecognized ethnic groups in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_China" title="Immigration to China">Immigrant ethnic groups in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Historic ethnic groups</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tibet_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tibet_topics" title="Template:Tibet topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tibet_topics" title="Template talk:Tibet topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tibet_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tibet topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tibet_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Tibet-related_articles" title="Index of Tibet-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet" title="History of Tibet">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tibetan_history" title="Timeline of Tibetan history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Tibet" title="List of rulers of Tibet">List of rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_European_exploration_in_Tibet" title="History of European exploration in Tibet">European exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_money_of_Tibet" title="Historical money of Tibet">Historical money</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Tibet" title="Neolithic Tibet">Prehistory <span style="font-size:85%;">(Neolithic)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhung" title="Zhangzhung">Zhangzhung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_dynasty" title="Yarlung dynasty">Yarlung dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(7th–9th century)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Tibetan_Empire" title="Timeline of the Tibetan Empire">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Tibet" title="List of emperors of Tibet">List of emperors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_L%C3%B6nchen_of_the_Tibetan_Empire" title="List of Lönchen of the Tibetan Empire">Lönchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Tang–Tibet relations">Relations with Tang <span style="font-size:85%;">(618–907)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Fragmentation" title="Era of Fragmentation">Era of Fragmentation <span style="font-size:85%;">(9th–13th century)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guge" title="Guge">Guge kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsongkha" title="Tsongkha">Tsongkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Song–Tibet relations">Relations with Song <span style="font-size:85%;">(960–1279)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_under_Yuan_rule" title="Tibet under Yuan rule">Yuan dynasty rule <span style="font-size:85%;">(1270–1350)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Buddhist_and_Tibetan_Affairs" title="Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs">Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagmodrupa_dynasty" title="Phagmodrupa dynasty">Phagmodrupa dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ming%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Ming–Tibet relations">Relations with Ming <span style="font-size:85%;">(1368–1644)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpungpa" title="Rinpungpa">Rinpungpa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsangpa" title="Tsangpa">Tsangpa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganden_Phodrang" title="Ganden Phodrang">Ganden Phodrang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashag" title="Kashag">Kashag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_under_Qing_rule" title="Tibet under Qing rule">Qing dynasty rule <span style="font-size:85%;">(1720–1912)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lifan_Yuan" title="Lifan Yuan">Lifan Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Qing_ambans_in_Tibet" title="List of Qing ambans in Tibet">List of Qing ambans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Post-Qing to 1950</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Army" title="Tibetan Army">Tibetan Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet_(1950%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Tibet (1950–present)">People's Republic of China (PRC) rule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">PRC annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_political_leaders_of_Tibet" title="List of modern political leaders of Tibet">political leaders</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Wars and<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_attack_on_Songzhou" title="Tibetan attack on Songzhou">Tibetan attack on Songzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dafei_River" title="Battle of Dafei River">Battle of Dafei River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Tibet" title="Mongol invasions of Tibet">Mongol invasions of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet%E2%80%93Ladakh%E2%80%93Mughal_war" title="Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war">Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dartsedo" title="Battle of Dartsedo">Battle of Dartsedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Salween_River" title="Battle of the Salween River">Battle of the Salween River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_expedition_to_Tibet_(1720)" title="Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)">Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchuan_campaigns" title="Jinchuan campaigns">Jinchuan campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_riot_of_1750" title="Lhasa riot of 1750">Lhasa riot of 1750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Nepalese_War" title="Sino-Nepalese War">Sino-Nepalese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogra%E2%80%93Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogra–Tibetan War">Dogra–Tibetan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal-Tibet_War_(1855%E2%80%931856)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856)">Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_expedition" title="Sikkim expedition">Sikkim expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_expedition_to_Tibet" title="British expedition to Tibet">British expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batang_uprising" title="Batang uprising">Batang uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_expedition_to_Tibet_(1910)" title="Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)">Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Lhasa_turmoil" title="Xinhai Lhasa turmoil">Xinhai Lhasa turmoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan War">Sino-Tibetan War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai%E2%80%93Tibet_War" title="Qinghai–Tibet War">Qinghai–Tibet War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Japanese_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet">1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamdo" title="Battle of Chamdo">Battle of Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_and_uprisings_in_Tibet_since_1950" title="Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950">Protests and uprisings since 1950</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_Tibetan_unrest" title="1987–1989 Tibetan unrest">1987–1989 Tibetan unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Tibetan_unrest" title="2008 Tibetan unrest">2008 Tibetan unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-immolation_protests_by_Tibetans_in_China" title="Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China">Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">Special Frontier Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Chronicles#Treaty_of_Tingmosgang_(1684)" title="Ladakh Chronicles">Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13-Article_Ordinance_for_the_More_Effective_Governing_of_Tibet" title="13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet">13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29-Article_Ordinance_for_the_More_Effective_Governing_of_Tibet" title="29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet">29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chushul" title="Treaty of Chushul">Treaty of Chushul (1842)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Thapathali" title="Treaty of Thapathali">Treaty of Thapathali (1856)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Calcutta" title="Convention of Calcutta">Convention of Calcutta (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Lhasa" title="Convention of Lhasa">Treaty of Lhasa (1904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Between_Great_Britain_and_China_Respecting_Tibet" title="Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet">Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_Convention" title="Anglo-Russian Convention">Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_friendship_and_alliance_between_the_Government_of_Mongolia_and_Tibet" title="Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet">Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Convention" title="Simla Convention">Simla Accord (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Point_Agreement" title="Seventeen Point Agreement">Seventeen Point Agreement (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_Agreement_1954" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Indian Agreement 1954">Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70,000_Character_Petition" title="70,000 Character Petition">70,000 Character Petition (1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_on_Genuine_Autonomy" title="Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy">Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tibet" title="Geography of Tibet">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Tibet" title="Category:Flora of Tibet">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Tibet" title="Category:Fauna of Tibet">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Tibet" title="Category:Environment of Tibet">Environment</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Tibet" title="Category:Mountains of Tibet">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kailash" title="Mount Kailash">Kailash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Changtse" title="Changtse">Changtse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namcha_Barwa" title="Namcha Barwa">Namcha Barwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanggula_Mountains" title="Tanggula Mountains">Tanggula</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rivers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Tsangpo" title="Yarlung Tsangpo">Yarlung Tsangpo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Tsangpo_Grand_Canyon" title="Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Glacier" title="Rongbuk Glacier">Rongbuk Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changtang" title="Changtang">Changtang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Tang_Nature_Reserve" title="Chang Tang Nature Reserve">Nature Reserve</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valleys_of_Tibet" title="Category:Valleys of Tibet">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Traditional regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amdo" title="Amdo">Amdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kham" title="Kham">Kham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Ü-Tsang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_political_leaders_of_Tibet" title="List of modern political leaders of Tibet">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region <span style="font-size:85%;">(TAR)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Central Tibetan Administration">Central Tibetan Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration">Parliament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Tibet" title="Etymology of Tibet">Etymology of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tibet" title="Foreign relations of Tibet">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tibet" title="LGBT rights in Tibet">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_and_priest_relationship" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron and priest relationship">Patron and priest relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Urn" title="Golden Urn">Golden Urn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Area_(administrative_division)" title="Tibet Area (administrative division)">Tibet Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom_in_Tibet_controversy" title="Serfdom in Tibet controversy">Serfdom controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serfs%27_Emancipation_Day" title="Serfs' Emancipation Day">Serfs' Emancipation Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_sovereignty_debate" title="Tibetan sovereignty debate">Sovereignty debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_Tibetan_program" title="CIA Tibetan program">CIA Tibetan program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="India–Tibet relations">India–Tibet relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibet#Government" title="Tibet">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region#Government" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Regional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Government_of_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region">TAR People's Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region_People%27s_Congress" title="Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress">TAR People's Congress</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tibet" title="Economy of Tibet">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Tibet" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Tibet">Postage and postal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_109" title="China National Highway 109">Qinghai-Tibet Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai%E2%80%93Tibet_railway" title="Qinghai–Tibet railway">Qinghai–Tibet railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tibet" title="Education in Tibet">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tibet" title="Religion in Tibet">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakya_(Tibetan_Buddhist_school)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)">Sakya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Preceptor" title="Imperial Preceptor">Imperial Preceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dpon-chen" title="Dpon-chen">Dpon-chen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingma" title="Nyingma">Nyingma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagyu" title="Kagyu">Kagyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonang" title="Jonang">Jonang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelug" title="Gelug">Gelug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganden_Tripa" title="Ganden Tripa">Ganden Tripa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dalai_Lamas" title="List of Dalai Lamas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhamo_La-tso" title="Lhamo La-tso">Lhamo La-tso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Panchen_Lamas" title="List of Panchen Lamas">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Tibet" title="Catholic Church in Tibet">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Muslims" title="Tibetan Muslims">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinicization_of_Tibet" title="Sinicization of Tibet">Sinicization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Tibet" title="Social class in Tibet">Social classes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tibetan people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changpa" title="Changpa">Changpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolmo_people" title="Yolmo people">Yolmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora" title="Tibetan diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Names</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Tibet">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_art" title="Tibetan art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_rug" title="Tibetan rug">rugs</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">thangka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_tsakli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan tsakli">tsakli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_mandala" title="Sand mandala">sand mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_wall_paintings" title="Tibetan Buddhist wall paintings">wall paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murals_on_Tibetan_Buddhist_monasteries" title="Murals on Tibetan Buddhist monasteries">wall murals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Tibet" title="Emblem of Tibet">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_festivals" title="Tibetan festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tibet" title="Flag of Tibet">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_National_Historical_and_Cultural_Sites_in_Tibet" title="List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Tibet">Historical and cultural sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khata" title="Khata"><i>Khata</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ceremonial scarf)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_literature" title="Tibetan literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Annals" title="Tibetan Annals">Annals</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Tibetan_Chronicle" title="Old Tibetan Chronicle">Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tibetan_writers" title="List of Tibetan writers">writers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tibet" title="Music of Tibet">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetology" title="Tibetology">Tibetology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Tibetan medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Tibet" title="Outline of Tibet">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Tibet-related_articles" title="Index of Tibet-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tibet" title="Category:Tibet">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sichuan_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sichuan_topics" title="Template:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sichuan_topics" title="Template talk:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sichuan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sichuan_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sichuan" title="Category:Sichuan">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sichuan" title="Politics of Sichuan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Economy" title="Sichuan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Sichuan" title="List of universities and colleges in Sichuan">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#History" title="Sichuan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">States and kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba</a> & <a href="/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)" title="Shu (kingdom)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengjia" title="Chengjia">Chengjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng-Han" title="Cheng-Han">Cheng-Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Zong" title="Qiao Zong">Western Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Shu_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Shu (state) (page does not exist)">Li Shu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%9C%80" class="extiw" title="zh:李蜀">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Xia" title="Ming Xia">Ming Xia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_dynasty" title="Xi dynasty">Da Xi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan-Mongol_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan-Mongol War (page does not exist)">Sichuan-Mongol War</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%94%BB%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="extiw" title="zh:蒙古攻四川之戰">zh</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_anti-Mongol_fortresses" title="Sichuan anti-Mongol fortresses">anti-Mongol fortresses</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repopulation_of_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repopulation of Sichuan (page does not exist)">Repopulation of Sichuan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%BB%A3%E5%A1%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D" class="extiw" title="yue:湖廣填四川">yue</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Movement" title="Railway Protection Movement">Railway Protection Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan_during_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan during World War II (page does not exist)">Home Front Period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Sichuan" title="Category:Geography of Sichuan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Sichuan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Basin" title="Sichuan Basin">Sichuan Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Plain" title="Chengdu Plain">Chengdu Plain</a></li> <li>Regions <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Sichuan (page does not exist)">West</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%A5%BF" class="extiw" title="zh:川西">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Sichuan (page does not exist)">East</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E6%9D%B1" class="extiw" title="zh:川東">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Sichuan (page does not exist)">North</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8C%97" class="extiw" title="zh:川北">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Sichuan (page does not exist)">South</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="zh:川南">zh</a>]</span>)</small></li> <li>Rivers <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_River" title="Sichuan River">Sichuan</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Sichuan)" title="Min River (Sichuan)">Min</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Jialing_River" title="Jialing River">Jialing</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tuo_River" title="Tuo River">Tuo</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Yalong_River" title="Yalong River">Yalong</a>)</small></li> <li>Mountain ranges <small>(<a href="/wiki/Daba_Mountains" title="Daba Mountains">Daba</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Mountains" title="Longmen Mountains">Longmen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_Mountains" title="Qionglai Mountains">Qionglai</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hengduan_Mountains" title="Hengduan Mountains">Hengduan</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Culture" title="Sichuan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_culture" title="Ba–Shu culture">Ba–Shu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Shu" title="Clothing in ancient Shu">Clothing in ancient Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_embroidery" title="Sichuan embroidery">Sichuan embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuanese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuanese_liquor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuanese liquor (page does not exist)">Sichuanese liquor</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="zh:川酒">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengding_Ganlu_tea" title="Mengding Ganlu tea">Mengding Ganlu tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_tea" title="Panda tea">Panda tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_opera" title="Sichuan opera">Sichuan opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sichuan" title="Music of Sichuan">Sichuanese music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlang_Shen" title="Erlang Shen">Lord of Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuanese_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuanese architecture (page does not exist)">Sichuanese architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_garden" title="Sichuanese garden">Sichuanese garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_people" title="Sichuanese people">Sichuanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang-speaking_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang-speaking peoples">Xiang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Religion" title="Sichuan">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Chinese salvationist religions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="Christianity in Sichuan">Main article</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East_in_Sichuan" title="Church of the East in Sichuan">Church of the East in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sichuan" title="Catholic Church in Sichuan">Catholic Church in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Sichuan" title="Protestantism in Sichuan">Protestantism in Sichuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglicanism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Anglicanism in Sichuan">Anglicanism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Methodism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Methodism in Sichuan">Methodism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakerism_in_Sichuan" title="Quakerism in Sichuan">Quakerism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Baptist_Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="History of Baptist Christianity in Sichuan">Baptist Christianity in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Adventism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Adventism in Sichuan">Seventh-day Adventist Church in Sichuan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sichuan" title="Islam in Sichuan">Main article</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Sichuan" title="Zoroastrianism in Sichuan">Main article</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Languages" title="Sichuan">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a> <small>(lingua franca)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a> <small>(extinct)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_Standard_Chinese" title="Sichuanese Standard Chinese">Sichuanese Standard Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khams_Tibetan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khams Tibetan language">Kham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiarongic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiarongic languages">Jiarongic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourist attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailu,_Pengzhou" title="Bailu, Pengzhou">Bailu, Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_Irrigation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Dujiangyan Irrigation System">Dujiangyan Irrigation System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gsumge_Mani_Stone_Castle" title="Gsumge Mani Stone Castle">Gsumge Mani Stone Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanglong_Scenic_and_Historic_Interest_Area" title="Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area">Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuzhaigou" title="Jiuzhaigou">Jiuzhaigou Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan_Giant_Buddha" title="Leshan Giant Buddha">Leshan Giant Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Emei" title="Mount Emei">Mount Emei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gongga" title="Mount Gongga">Mount Gongga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Qingcheng" title="Mount Qingcheng">Mount Qingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Giant_Panda_Sanctuaries" title="Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries">Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cliff_Buddhist_Sculptures" title="Southern Cliff Buddhist Sculptures">Southern Cliff Buddhist Sculptures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Sichuan" title="Category:Sichuan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sichuan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sichuan">Commons</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>see also</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater Sichuan (page does not exist)">Greater Sichuan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" title="Template:Hill tribes of Northeast India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" title="Template talk:Hill tribes of Northeast India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hill tribes of Northeast India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" title="Hill tribes of Northeast India">Hill tribes of Northeast India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa (Kachari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi and Jaintia</a> (inc. Khasi <a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Synteng or Pnar</a>, War, Bhoi or <a href="/wiki/Lyngngam_language" title="Lyngngam language">Lyngngam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki Tribes</a> (see below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_people" title="Mara people">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Aiton_people" title="Tai Aiton people">Man (Tai speaking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo (Lushai) tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Mikir (Karbi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_people" title="Lai people">Pawi (Lai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Synteng (Pnar)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg/100px-Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg/150px-Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg/200px-Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yimkhiung_Naga" title="Yimkhiung Naga">Yimkhiung<br />Naga</a> woman</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo-Kachari_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo-Kachari people">Bodo-Kachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Mikir (Karbi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodo-Kachari_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo-Kachari people">Bodo-Kachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa (Kachari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi and Jaintia</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Khasi Synteng or Pnar</a>, War, Bhoi or <a href="/wiki/Lyngngam_language" title="Lyngngam language">Lyngngam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_people" title="Koch people">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki Tribes</a> (see below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_people" title="Mara people">Lakher (Mara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Aiton_people" title="Tai Aiton people">Man (Tai speaking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo (Lushai) tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Mikir (Karbi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_people" title="Lai people">Pawi (Lai)</a></li> <li>Raba, Rava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Synteng (Pnar)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galo_tribe" title="Galo tribe">Abor (Galo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hruso_people" title="Hruso people">Aka (Hruso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatani_people" title="Apatani people">Apatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyishi_people" title="Nyishi people">Dafla (Nyishi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galo_tribe" title="Galo tribe">Galong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugun" title="Bugun">Khowa (Bugun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishmi_people" title="Mishmi people">Mishmi</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Miju_Mishmi_tribe" title="Miju Mishmi tribe">Miju Mishmi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Momba</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Chugpa_tribe" title="Chugpa tribe">Chugpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lishipa_tribe" title="Lishipa tribe">Lishipa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takpa_people" title="Takpa people">Takpa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Nocte_people" title="Nocte people">Nocte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tangsa_Naga" title="Tangsa Naga">Tangsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tutsa_Naga" title="Tutsa Naga">Tutsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wancho_Naga" title="Wancho Naga">Wancho</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherdukpen_people" title="Sherdukpen people">Sherdukpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_people" title="Jingpo people">Singpho (Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai peoples</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Khamti_people" title="Khamti people">Khampti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khamyang_people" title="Khamyang people">Khamyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tai_Phake_people" title="Tai Phake people">Phake</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_people" title="Adi people">Adi</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Bori_tribal_people" title="Bori tribal people">Bori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padam_people" title="Padam people">Padam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deori_people" title="Deori people">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamba_people" title="Khamba people">Khamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memba_people" title="Memba people">Memba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miji_people" title="Miji people">Miji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Mikir (Karbi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyong_people" title="Minyong people">Minyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_people" title="Mising people">Mishing (Miri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_people" title="Na people">Nga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puroik_people" title="Puroik people">Puroik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zekhring_people" title="Zekhring people">Zekhring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimol_people" title="Aimol people">Aimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81l_people" title="Anāl people">Anal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_people" title="Chiru people">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_people" title="Chothe people">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_people" title="Gangte people">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Inpui people">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangal_people" title="Thangal people">Koirao (Thangal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koireng_people" title="Koireng people">Koireng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_people_(Manipur)" title="Kom people (Manipur)">Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_people" title="Lamkang people">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangmai_people" title="Liangmai people">Liangmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_people_(India)" title="Mao people (India)">Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_people" title="Maram people">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_people" title="Maring people">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo (Lushai) tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsang_people" title="Monsang people">Monsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_people" title="Moyon people">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_people" title="Paite people">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purum_people" title="Purum people">Purum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_people" title="Ralte people">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_people" title="Rongmei people">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simte_people" title="Simte people">Simte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_people" title="Paite people">Suhte (Paite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_people" title="Tangkhul people">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_people" title="Thadou people">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_people" title="Vaiphei people">Vaiphei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_people" title="Zeme people">Zeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_people" title="Zou people">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhil people">Bhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a></li> <li>Chaimal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halam_tribe" title="Halam tribe">Halam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamatia" title="Jamatia">Jamatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Lushai (Mizo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mog people">Mag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda, Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noatia" title="Noatia">Noatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reang" title="Reang">Riang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santal_people" title="Santal people">Santal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_people" title="Tripuri people">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchoi" title="Uchoi">Uchoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa (Kachari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi and Jaintia</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Khasi Synteng or Pnar</a>, War, Bhoi or <a href="/wiki/Lyngngam_language" title="Lyngngam language">Lyngngam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki Tribes</a> (see below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_people" title="Mara people">Lakher (Mara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Aiton_people" title="Tai Aiton people">Man (Tai speaking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo (Lushai) tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Mikir (Karbi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_people" title="Lai people">Pawi (Lai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Synteng (Pnar)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a> (including Chumbipa, Dopthapa, Dukpa, <a href="/wiki/Yolmo_people#KAGATE" title="Yolmo people">Kagatey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tibetan</a>, Tromopa, <a href="/wiki/Yolmo_people" title="Yolmo people">Yolmo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki tribes</a><br />including:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li>Changsan</li> <li>Chongloi</li> <li>Doungel</li> <li>Gamalhou</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_people" title="Gangte people">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guite_people" title="Guite people">Guite</a></li> <li>Hanneng</li> <li>Haokip, Haupit</li> <li>Haolai</li> <li>Hengna</li> <li>Hongsung</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_people" title="Hrangkhol people">Hrangkhwal, Rangkhol</a></li> <li>Jongbe</li> <li>Khawchung</li> <li>Khawathlang, Khothalong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelma_people" title="Khelma people">Khelma</a></li> <li>Kholhou</li> <li>Kipgen</li> <li>Kuki</li> <li>Lengthang</li> <li>Lhangum</li> <li>Lhoujem</li> <li>Lhouvun</li> <li>Lupheng</li> <li>Mangjel</li> <li>Misao</li> <li>Riang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saihriem_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Saihriem people">Sairhem</a></li> <li>Selnam</li> <li>Singson</li> <li>Sitlhou</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukte_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukte people">Sukte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_people" title="Thadou people">Thado</a></li> <li>Thangngeu</li> <li>Uibuh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_people" title="Vaiphei people">Vaiphei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a><br />including:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81l_people" title="Anāl people">Anāl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami_Naga" title="Angami Naga">Angami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ao_Naga" title="Ao Naga">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Naga" title="Chang Naga">Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakhesang_Naga" title="Chakhesang Naga">Chakhesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirr_Naga" title="Chirr Naga">Chirr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_people" title="Chiru people">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_people" title="Chothe people">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Inpui people">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharam_people" title="Kharam people">Kharam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamniungan_people" title="Khiamniungan people">Khiamniungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_Naga" title="Konyak Naga">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lainong_Naga" title="Lainong Naga">Lainong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_people" title="Lamkang people">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangmai_people" title="Liangmai people">Liangmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotha_Naga" title="Lotha Naga">Lotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makury_Naga" title="Makury Naga">Makury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mao people">Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_people" title="Maram people">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_people" title="Maring people">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsang_people" title="Monsang people">Monsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_people" title="Moyon people">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_people" title="Nocte people">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para_Naga" title="Para Naga">Para </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochury_Naga" title="Pochury Naga">Pochury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phom_Naga" title="Phom Naga">Phom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poumai_people" title="Poumai people">Poumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengma_Naga" title="Rengma Naga">Rengma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_people" title="Rongmei people">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangtam_Naga" title="Sangtam Naga">Sangtam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmi_Naga" title="Sümi Naga">Sumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_people" title="Tangkhul people">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_Naga" title="Tangsa Naga"> Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarao_people" title="Tarao people">Tarao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangal_people" title="Thangal people">Thangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhir_Naga" title="Tikhir Naga">Tikhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_Naga" title="Tutsa Naga">Tutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_Naga" title="Wancho Naga">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yimkhiung_Naga" title="Yimkhiung Naga">Yimkhiung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_people" title="Zeme people">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>See also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scheduled Tribes in India">List of Scheduled Tribes in India</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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