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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1986_bombings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>1986 bombings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1986_bombings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Under_Bashar_al-Assad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_Bashar_al-Assad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Under Bashar al-Assad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_Bashar_al-Assad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_the_Syrian_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>During the Syrian Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_the_Syrian_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooperation_with_Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_with_Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cooperation with Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_with_Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syrian_state-sponsored_terrorism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syrian_state-sponsored_terrorism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Syrian state-sponsored terrorism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syrian_state-sponsored_terrorism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorism" title="Category:Terrorism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_terrorism" title="Definition of terrorism">Definitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_terrorism" title="History of terrorism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents" title="List of terrorist incidents">Incidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-bottom:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_terrorism" title="Communist terrorism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_terrorism" title="Left-wing terrorism">Left-wing/Far-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcoterrorism" title="Narcoterrorism">Narcotics-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_terrorism" title="Nationalist terrorism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">Right-wing/Far-right</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">Atheist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_violence" title="Buddhism and violence">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_terrorism" title="Christian terrorism">Christian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_violence" title="Mormonism and violence">Mormon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_terrorism" title="Hindu terrorism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_extremist_terrorism" title="Jewish extremist terrorism">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh terrorism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Special-interest_terrorism" title="Special-interest terrorism">Special-interest / Single-issue</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suffragette_bombing_and_arson_campaign" title="Suffragette bombing and arson campaign">Suffragette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_violence" title="Anti-abortion violence">Anti-abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-terrorism" title="Eco-terrorism">Green/Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogynist_terrorism" title="Misogynist terrorism">Misogynist</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violent_extremism" title="Violent extremism">Violent extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">Ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_organizations_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Militia organizations in the United States">Militia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">Resistance movement</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Structure</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_financing" title="Terrorism financing">Financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_front_organization" title="Terrorist front organization">Fronting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicalization" title="Radicalization">Radicalization</a> (<a href="/wiki/Online_youth_radicalization" title="Online youth radicalization">online</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_training_camp" title="Terrorist training camp">Training camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_squad" title="Death squad">Death squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandestine_cell_system" title="Clandestine cell system">Clandestine cell system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaderless_resistance" title="Leaderless resistance">Leaderless resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_wolf_attack" title="Lone wolf attack">Lone wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_terrorism" title="Domestic terrorism">Domestic</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Tactics_of_terrorism" title="Tactics of terrorism"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Methods</li><li>Tactics</li></ul></div></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agro-terrorism" title="Agro-terrorism">Agro-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">Aircraft hijacking</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_hijackings" title="List of aircraft hijackings">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decapitation" title="Decapitation">Decapitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing">Bombing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-borne_bomb_attacks" title="Animal-borne bomb attacks">Animal-borne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">Car</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_mass_car_bombings" title="List of mass car bombings">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">Improvised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_bomb" title="Letter bomb">Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomb_threat" title="Bomb threat">Threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_bomb" title="Proxy bomb">Proxy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_run_(terrorism)" title="Dry run (terrorism)">Dry run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_terrorism" title="Environmental terrorism">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostage" title="Hostage">Hostage-taking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_terror" title="Individual terror">Individual terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">Kidnapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_wolf_attack" title="Lone wolf attack">Lone wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_terrorism" title="Nuclear terrorism">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_terrorism" title="Paper terrorism">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">Shooting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_shooting" title="School shooting">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spree_killer" title="Spree killer">Spree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabbing_as_a_terrorist_tactic" title="Stabbing as a terrorist tactic">Stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">Suicide attack</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Suicide_bombings_by_country" title="Category:Suicide bombings by country">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactics_of_terrorism#Rocket_and_mortar_attacks" title="Tactics of terrorism"><span class="wrap">Rockets and mortars</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle-ramming_attack" title="Vehicle-ramming attack">Vehicle-ramming</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Terrorist groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">Designated terrorist groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_charities_accused_of_ties_to_terrorism" title="List of charities accused of ties to terrorism">Charities accused of ties to terrorism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Adherents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-bottom:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violent_non-state_actor" title="Violent non-state actor">Violent non-state actors</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">State terrorism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia#Soviet_Union" title="Terrorism in Russia">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_state_terrorism" title="United States and state terrorism">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_terrorism" title="State-sponsored terrorism">State-sponsored terrorism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="India and state-sponsored terrorism">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Israel and state-sponsored terrorism">Israel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zionist_political_violence" title="Zionist political violence">Zionist terrorism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Libya and state-sponsored terrorism">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Russia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Terrorism_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism and the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_and_state_terrorism" title="Sri Lanka and state terrorism">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="United States and state-sponsored terrorism">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Venezuela and state-sponsored terrorism">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Response to terrorism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">Counter-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_conventions_on_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="International conventions on terrorism">International conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism_legislation" title="Anti-terrorism legislation">Anti-terrorism legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_insurance" title="Terrorism insurance">Terrorism insurance</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0.25em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Terrorism" title="Template:Terrorism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Terrorism" title="Template talk:Terrorism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Terrorism in Syria</b> has a long history dating from the <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state-terrorism</a> deployed by the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'athist Syria">Ba'athist government</a> since its seizure of power through a <a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">violent coup in 1963</a>. The Ba'athist government have since deployed various types of <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a>; such as <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">forced deportations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massacre" title="Massacre">massacres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary executions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass_sexual_assault" title="Mass sexual assault">mass rapes</a> and other forms of violence to maintain its <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a> rule in Syria. The most extensive use of state terrorism in the 21st century was the extensive state deployed violence against civilians during the <a href="/wiki/Qamishli_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Qamishli massacre">2004 Qamishli massacre</a>. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> spread to <a href="/wiki/2011_Syrian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Syrian Revolution">Syria in 2011</a>, the Ba'athist security apparatus launched a brutal crackdown against peaceful protestors calling for freedom and dignity, which killed thousands of civilians and deteriorated into a full-scale <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">civil war</a>. Taking advantage of the situation, transnational <a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadist</a> groups like <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Nusra">al-Nusra</a> began to emerge, emulating the deadly terrorist tactics of the <a href="/wiki/Assad_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Assad regime">Assad regime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After over a decade of war, the country has been devastated, with over 600,000 deaths and millions have been displaced, sparking the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_refugee_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian refugee crisis">largest refugee crisis in the world</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Military" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Military">Syrian military</a> and Ba'athist security forces have systematically unleashed <a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth_tactics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorched earth tactics">scorched earth tactics</a> on populations it deemed hostile; receiving international condemnation. These include hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war">chemical attacks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massacre" title="Massacre">massacres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass_rapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass rapes">mass rapes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearances" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearances">forced disappearances</a> and various other acts of state terror under orders from the highest echelons of the Ba'athist regime.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_Hafez_al-Assad">Under Hafez al-Assad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Under Hafez al-Assad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islamist_uprising">Islamist uprising</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Islamist uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria" title="Islamist uprising in Syria">Islamist uprising in Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/1981_Hama_massacre" title="1981 Hama massacre">1981 Hama massacre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1982_Hama_massacre" title="1982 Hama massacre">1982 Hama massacre</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely upon a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Terrorism_in_Syria##" title="Talk:Terrorism in Syria">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit">improve this article</a> by introducing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to additional sources at this section.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From 1976 to 1982, Sunni <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamists</a> fought the secular <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Ba'ath Party</a>-controlled government of Syria in what has been labelled by the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath party</a> as a "long campaign of terror".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> was blamed for the terror by the government, although the insurgents used names such as <i>Kata'ib Muhammad</i> (Phalanges of Muhammad, begun in Hama in 1965 Marwan Hadid) to refer to their organization.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a> in 1976 a number of prominent Syrian officers and government servants, as well as "professional men, doctors, teachers," were assassinated. Most of the victims were <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawis</a>, "which suggested that the assassins had targeted the community" but "no one could be sure who was behind" the killings.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the better-known victims were: </p> <ul><li>the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a> garrison, Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Haydar_(Syrian_army_officer,_died_1976)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Haydar (Syrian army officer, died 1976) (page does not exist)">Ali Haydar</a>, killed in October 1976</li> <li>the rector of <a href="/wiki/Damascus_University" title="Damascus University">Damascus University</a>, Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Fadl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad al-Fadl (page does not exist)">Muhammad al-Fadl</a>, killed in February 1977</li> <li>the commander of the missile corps, Brigadier <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Abd_al_Hamid_Ruzzug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Abd al Hamid Ruzzug (page does not exist)">'Abd al Hamid Ruzzug</a>, killed in June 1977</li> <li>the doyen of Syrian dentists, Dr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Na%27ama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim Na'ama (page does not exist)">Ibrahim Na'ama</a>, killed in March 1978</li> <li>the director of police affairs at the Ministry of the Interior, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khalil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Khalil">Ahmad Khalil</a>, killed in August 1978</li> <li>Public Prosecutor <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Adil_Mini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Adil Mini (page does not exist)">'Adil Mini</a> of the Supreme State Security Court, killed in April 1979.</li> <li>President Hafez Assad's own doctor, the neurologist Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Shahada_Khalil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Shahada Khalil (page does not exist)">Muhammad Shahada Khalil</a>, who was killed in August 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>These assassinations led up to the 17 June 1979 slaughter of cadets at the <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> Artillery School. On that day a member of school staff, Captain Ibrahim Yusuf, assembled the cadets in the dining-hall and then let in the gunmen who opened fire on the cadets. According to the official report 32 young men were killed. Unofficial sources say the "death toll was as high as 83."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This attack was the work of <i>Tali'a muqatila</i>, or Fighting Vanguard, a Sunni Islamist guerrilla group and spinoff of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>. <a href="/wiki/%60Adnan_%60Uqla" class="mw-redirect" title="`Adnan `Uqla">`Adnan `Uqla</a>, who later became the group's leader, helped plan the massacre.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 June 1980, the president of Syria, Hafez al-Assad, "narrowly escaped death" when attackers threw two grenades and fired machine gun bursts at him as he waited at a diplomatic function in Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the involvement of the Syrian government "was not proved" in these killings, it "was widely suspected."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The insurgency is generally considered to have been crushed by the bloody <a href="/wiki/1982_Hama_massacre" title="1982 Hama massacre">Hama massacre of 1982</a>, in which thousands were killed, "the vast majority innocent civilians".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Perpetrators">Perpetrators</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Perpetrators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to some sources, such as Syrian president Hafez al-Assad<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and journalist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dreyfuss" title="Robert Dreyfuss">Robert Dreyfuss</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Muslim Brotherhood insurgents in Syria were aided by the Jordanian government in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Lebanese Phalangists</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a>, and the right-wing Israeli government of <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a>, who allegedly supported, funded and armed the Muslim Brotherhood in an effort to overthrow the government of President Assad. </p> <blockquote><p>We are not just dealing with killers inside Syria, but with those who masterminded their plans. The plot thickened after Sadat's visit to Jerusalem and many foreign intelligence services became involved. Those who took part in Camp David used the Muslim Brothers against us.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The South Lebanese Army allegedly set up camps to help train the Muslim Brotherhood insurgents. Both Israel and Syria had troops in Lebanon and clashed over domination of that country. Syria's Arab nationalist government has supported the overthrow of the Royalist, pro-Western Jordanian government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1986_bombings">1986 bombings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1986 bombings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1986_Damascus_bombings" title="1986 Damascus bombings">1986 Damascus bombings</a></div> <p>In 1986 a series of bombings, mainly around the capital of Damascus, caused hundreds of casualties. Iraqi Ba'athis agents were blamed for the acts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_Bashar_al-Assad">Under Bashar al-Assad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Under Bashar al-Assad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2000s">2000s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_attacks_in_Damascus" title="List of terrorist attacks in Damascus">List of terrorist attacks in Damascus</a></div> <p>On 28 September 2008, at least 17 people been killed and 14 hurt by a <a href="/wiki/2008_Damascus_car_bombing" title="2008 Damascus car bombing">car bomb on the outskirts</a> of Syria's capital Damascus. The target of the blast was unclear, but it struck close to an important Shia shrine and a security post.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A little more than year later (on 3 December 2009) another explosion killed at least three people when a bus blew up in a Damascus suburb. Syrian officials denied terrorism was involved.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="During_the_Syrian_Civil_War">During the Syrian Civil War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: During the Syrian Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_Syria" title="List of terrorist incidents in Syria">List of terrorist incidents in Syria</a></div> <p>The Syrian government repeatedly claimed that the actions of security forces against the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a> were a response to armed attacks by "terrorist gangs",<sup id="cite_ref-hrw_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a claim rejected by western humans rights groups, Western governments, and other observers.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least 80 suicide bombings had been recorded in the conflict by the end of November 2012. Both the government and the opposition have accused each other of perpetrating the bombings. Only "shadowy Islamist groups" (one being <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a>), possibly affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>, have claimed responsibility; Al-Nusra took responsibility for 57 of them. At least one such bombing claimed to be in retaliation for Syrian government attacks on residential areas, but also struck a sectarian tone: "We tell this regime: Stop your massacres against the Sunni people. If not, you will bear the sin of the Alawites. What is coming will be more calamitous, God willing." Observers believe such groups have made inroads in Syria, capitalizing on the instability resulting from the uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Syrian government itself has been accused of terror or state terrorism. September 5, 2012 Turkish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> stated, "The regime has become one of state terrorism. Syria is going through a huge humanitarian saga. Unfortunately, as usual, the international community is merely watching the slaughter, massacre and the elimination of Muslims."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tactic of shelling, invading, and killing, but then retreating from civilian areas has reportedly been used in several areas ringing <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> in July and August 2012, such as Kafr Sousa, where tanks backed by infantry left at least 24 people dead before leaving according to pro-opposition <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a>. According to Salem, "terror is the basic approach" of the government. "From the beginning of the uprising the logic was hit and hit hard, punish and scare," the opposite of the "winning hearts and minds" model. <i>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damien_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damien Cave (page does not exist)">Damien Cave</a> describes the government's approach as following the saying "rule is based on awe."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 15 2019, eight civilians died and seven others injured in a car-bomb explosion near a hospital in the northern province of Aleppo. No side claimed responsibility for the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooperation_with_Iraq">Cooperation with Iraq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cooperation with Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Syrian_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian President">Syrian President</a> Bashar Assad met with <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi President">Iraqi President</a> <a href="/wiki/Jalal_Talabani" title="Jalal Talabani">Jalal Talabani</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> on 21 January 2007 and discussed terrorism in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and the situation in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. They issued a joint statement condemning "all forms of terrorism plaguing the Iraqi people and their institutions, infrastructure and security service." Assad and Talabani expressed "readiness to work together and do everything possible to eradicate terrorism."<sup id="cite_ref-IRAQCOOP_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRAQCOOP-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syrian_state-sponsored_terrorism">Syrian state-sponsored terrorism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Syrian state-sponsored terrorism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_terrorism" title="State-sponsored terrorism">State-sponsored terrorism</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)</a></div> <p>The Syrian government itself has been accused of engaging in <a href="/wiki/State_sponsored_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="State sponsored terrorism">state sponsored terrorism</a> by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. State Department</a> from 1979 to today.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European Community met on 10 November 1986 to discuss the <a href="/wiki/Hindawi_affair" title="Hindawi affair">Hindawi affair</a>, an attempt to bomb an <a href="/wiki/El_Al" title="El Al">El Al</a> flight out of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, and the subsequent arrest and trial in the UK of Nizar Hindawi, who allegedly received Syrian government support after the bombing, and possibly beforehand.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European response was to impose sanctions against Syria and state that these measures were intended "to send Syria the clearest possible message that what has happened is absolutely unacceptable."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Syria has assisted the United States and other governments in their opposition to <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>. This include Syria's efforts in stemming the flow of al-Qaeda backed fighters from crossing into Iraq along its border. (Country Reports on Terrorism, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, 27 April 2005).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> members received <a href="/wiki/Military_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Military training">military style training</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-Guidère_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guidère-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Lebanon charged former Lebanese Minister <a href="/wiki/Michel_Samaha" title="Michel Samaha">Michel Samaha</a> and a high-ranking Syrian military official, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Bureau_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="National Security Bureau of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Syria's National Security Bureau</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Ali_Mamlouk" title="Ali Mamlouk">Ali Mamlouk</a>, with being involved in a terror plot aimed at destabilizing Lebanon. Samaha is a longtime ally, and friend, of Syrian President Bashar Assad and Ali Mamlouk. Samaha reportedly confessed to his involvement in the terror plot, and some Lebanese politicians have called to break ties with the Assad government.<sup id="cite_ref-2012_Lebanon_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012_Lebanon-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the probe, it was alleged that Syrian President Bashar Assad gave direct orders to execute terrorist attacks in Lebanon, and Michel Samaha admitted that he was working for Assad's government in trying to execute a plan to detonate explosives in <a href="/wiki/Akkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkar">Akkar</a>, Lebanon. Samaha admitted to collaborating with General Ali Mamlouk, who heads the Syrian national security bureau.<sup id="cite_ref-Ya_Libnan_probe_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ya_Libnan_probe-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous assassinations of opponents of Syria and the Syrian government have been alleged to involve the Syrian government. Syria and its supporters claim that no substantial evidence has been produced to prove these allegations. </p> <ul><li>(December 2005) <a href="/wiki/Gebran_Tueni" title="Gebran Tueni">Gebran Tueni</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Syrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Syrian">anti-Syrian</a> journalist and lawmaker was assassinated.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>(September 2005) <a href="/wiki/May_Chidiac" title="May Chidiac">May Chidiac</a> an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Syrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Syrian">anti-Syrian</a> journalist and political commentator was severely injured in an assassination attempt against her life.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>(June 2005) <a href="/wiki/Samir_Kassir" title="Samir Kassir">Samir Kassir</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Syrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Syrian">anti-Syrian</a> journalist was assassinated.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>(February 2005) <a href="/wiki/Rafic_Hariri" title="Rafic Hariri">Rafic Hariri</a> was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Rafic_Hariri" title="Assassination of Rafic Hariri">killed</a> by a car bomb which killed ten others. Hariri was a known opponent of the pro-Syrian policies of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Lahoud" title="Émile Lahoud">Émile Lahoud</a>. The opposition parties in Lebanon accuse Syria of orchestrating the assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>(July 1980) Assassination of <a href="/wiki/Riad_Taha" title="Riad Taha">Riad Taha</a>, a prominent journalist.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>(March 1977) Assassination of <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Jumblatt" title="Kamal Jumblatt">Kamal Jumblatt</a>, a prominent politician.<sup id="cite_ref-ylib_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ylib-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="United States and state-sponsored terrorism">United States and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTayara2022" class="citation web cs1">Tayara, Sarah (14 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423120110/https://www.humanrightspulse.com/mastercontentblog/never-again-remembering-the-syrian-revolution">"Never Again: Remembering The Syrian Revolution"</a>. <i>Human Rights Pulse</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanrightspulse.com/mastercontentblog/never-again-remembering-the-syrian-revolution">the original</a> on 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Pulse&rft.atitle=Never+Again%3A+Remembering+The+Syrian+Revolution&rft.date=2022-04-14&rft.aulast=Tayara&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrightspulse.com%2Fmastercontentblog%2Fnever-again-remembering-the-syrian-revolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlackman2011" class="citation news cs1">Slackman, Michael (25 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615060612/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/26/world/middleeast/26syria.html">"Syrian Troops Open Fire on Protesters in Several Cities"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/26/world/middleeast/26syria.html">the original</a> on 15 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Syrian+Troops+Open+Fire+on+Protesters+in+Several+Cities&rft.date=2011-03-25&rft.aulast=Slackman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F03%2F26%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F26syria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTayara2022" class="citation web cs1">Tayara, Sarah (14 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423120110/https://www.humanrightspulse.com/mastercontentblog/never-again-remembering-the-syrian-revolution">"Never Again: Remembering The Syrian Revolution"</a>. <i>Human Rights Pulse</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanrightspulse.com/mastercontentblog/never-again-remembering-the-syrian-revolution">the original</a> on 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Pulse&rft.atitle=Never+Again%3A+Remembering+The+Syrian+Revolution&rft.date=2022-04-14&rft.aulast=Tayara&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrightspulse.com%2Fmastercontentblog%2Fnever-again-remembering-the-syrian-revolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seale, Patrick, <i>Asad, the Struggle for the Middle East</i>, University of California Press, 1989, p.336-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seale, p. 322-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seale, p. 316-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seale, p. 317</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seale, p. 316</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seale, p. 325</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seale, p. 328-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seale, p. 329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, Robin, <i>Dreams and Shadows: the Future of the Middle East,</i> Penguin Press, 2008, p. 243</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seale, p.334</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seale, Patrick, <i>Asad, the Struggle for the Middle East</i>, University of California Press, 1989, p.334-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Dreyfuss: <i>The Devils Game: How the United States Unleashed Fundamentalist Islam</i>. 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">source: interview with Asad, Damascus, 12 May 1985 quoted in Seale, Patrick, <i>Asad, the Struggle for the Middle East</i>, University of California Press, 1989, p. 334-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7639137.stm">"Syrian car bomb attack kills 17"</a>. BBC News. 27 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Syrian+car+bomb+attack+kills+17&rft.date=2008-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F7639137.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/12/03/damascus-bombing-syria-bu_n_378181.html">Damascus Bus Bomb: 'Up To 12' Killed In Syria Explosion</a>, Albert Aji, 3 December 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hrw_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrw_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012/world-report-2012-syria">World Report 2012: Syria</a> hrw.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/syria-claims-it-has-retaken-key-rebel-village/">Syria claims it has retaken key rebel village</a>| cbsnews.com| 13 June 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525033139/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jn_Hwm1c4s57hZroY2XO3gtvHl_g?docId=CNG.d4e0242216423f0ddcaa53de60d07900.f1">"UNICEF says 400 children killed in Syria unrest"</a>. <i>Google News</i>. Geneva. Agence France-Presse. 7 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jn_Hwm1c4s57hZroY2XO3gtvHl_g?docId=CNG.d4e0242216423f0ddcaa53de60d07900.f1">the original</a> on May 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+News&rft.atitle=UNICEF+says+400+children+killed+in+Syria+unrest&rft.date=2012-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5jn_Hwm1c4s57hZroY2XO3gtvHl_g%3FdocId%3DCNG.d4e0242216423f0ddcaa53de60d07900.f1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2012/03/23/UNICEF-500-children-died-in-Syrian-war/UPI-69191332522535/">UNICEF: 500 children died in Syrian war – UPI.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/breaking-news/unicef-says-400-children-killed-in-syria/story-e6freonf-1226265280318">"UNICEF says 400 children killed in Syria"</a>. <i>The Courier-Mail</i>. 8 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Mail&rft.atitle=UNICEF+says+400+children+killed+in+Syria&rft.date=2012-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.couriermail.com.au%2Fnews%2Fbreaking-news%2Funicef-says-400-children-killed-in-syria%2Fstory-e6freonf-1226265280318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeralta2012" class="citation web cs1">Peralta, Eyder (3 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/02/03/146346490/rights-group-says-syrian-security-forces-detained-tortured-children">"Rights Group Says Syrian Security Forces Detained, Tortured Children: The Two-Way"</a>. <i>NPR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Rights+Group+Says+Syrian+Security+Forces+Detained%2C+Tortured+Children%3A+The+Two-Way&rft.date=2012-02-03&rft.aulast=Peralta&rft.aufirst=Eyder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Fthetwo-way%2F2012%2F02%2F03%2F146346490%2Frights-group-says-syrian-security-forces-detained-tortured-children&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/militant-video-claims-deadly-syria-bombings-082157372.html">Militant video claims deadly Syria bombings</a> By BEN HUBBARD | Associated Press |12 May 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120908011339/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5j1CsmNBKrtuAtKddohapawXoVJ5g?docId=4629f047424f454daaefe86e7e193c7d">Turkey accuses Syria of 'state terrorism'</a> By ELIZABETH A. KENNEDY, Associated Press| 5 September 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/23/world/middleeast/Syria.html?src=recg">Syrian Forces Are Said to Expand Deadly ‘Hit and Run’ Efforts in Damascus</a>| By DAMIEN CAVE| 22 August 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.camdenadvertiser.com.au/story/6386716/civilians-killed-in-car-bombing-in-syria/">"Civilians killed in car bombing in Syria"</a>. <i>Camden-Narellan Advertiser</i>. 2019-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Camden-Narellan+Advertiser&rft.atitle=Civilians+killed+in+car+bombing+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.camdenadvertiser.com.au%2Fstory%2F6386716%2Fcivilians-killed-in-car-bombing-in-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IRAQCOOP-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IRAQCOOP_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930210442/http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=128555&version=1&template_id=37&parent_id=17">"Assad pledges to work with Iraq in anti-terrorism fight"</a>. <i>Gulf Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=128555&version=1&template_id=37&parent_id=17">the original</a> on 2007-09-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+Times&rft.atitle=Assad+pledges+to+work+with+Iraq+in+anti-terrorism+fight&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gulf-times.com%2Fsite%2Ftopics%2Farticle.asp%3Fcu_no%3D2%26item_no%3D128555%26version%3D1%26template_id%3D37%26parent_id%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/syria/terrorism.html">Syria's Links to Terrorism</a> Compiled for the Online NewsHour by David Butterworth for <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> Posted: 9 March 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/24/newsid_2478000/2478505.stm">1986: On this day 24 October 1986: UK cuts links with Syria over bomb plot</a> BBC 24 October</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ict.org.il/documents/documentdet.cfm?docid=17">The Hindawi Case: Syrian Connexions. Background Brief</a> by <a href="/wiki/International_Policy_Institute_for_Counter-Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism">ICT</a> Source: Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London, 1 November 1986</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/65462.pdf">United States Department of State</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guidère-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guidère_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mathieu Guidère, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tCvhzGiDMYsC&pg=PA173"><i>Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism,</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>, 2012 p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2012_Lebanon-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2012_Lebanon_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussein_Dakroub2012" class="citation web cs1">Hussein Dakroub (13 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2012/Aug-13/184472-military-launches-samaha-probe.ashx#ixzz23XxqKBDi">"Military launches Samaha probe"</a>. The Daily Star<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Military+launches+Samaha+probe&rft.pub=The+Daily+Star&rft.date=2012-08-13&rft.au=Hussein+Dakroub&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FPolitics%2F2012%2FAug-13%2F184472-military-launches-samaha-probe.ashx%23ixzz23XxqKBDi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ya_Libnan_probe-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ya_Libnan_probe_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yalibnan.com/2012/08/28/probe-reveals-syrias-assad-behind-lebanon-terrorism-plot/">"Probe reveals Syria's Assad behind Lebanon terrorism plot"</a>. <i>Al Arabiya</i>. Ya Libnan. 28 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=Probe+reveals+Syria%27s+Assad+behind+Lebanon+terrorism+plot&rft.date=2012-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yalibnan.com%2F2012%2F08%2F28%2Fprobe-reveals-syrias-assad-behind-lebanon-terrorism-plot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150314035210/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php%2DURL_ID%3D20801%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html">Director-General condemns assassination of Lebanese newspaper editor Gebran Tueni: UNESCO-CI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/content/2006/s1703858.htm">Foreign Correspondent – 08/08/2006: Beirut – May Chidiac</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countercurrents.org/fisk030605.htm">Who Killed Samir Kassir? By Robert Fisk</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cedarland.org/terror.html">Syria and International Terrorism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060720080032/http://www.cedarland.org/terror.html">Archived</a> 2006-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> blog site called <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cedarland.org/about.html">cedarland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060720103654/http://www.cedarland.org/about.html">Archived</a> 2006-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Seems to have a lot about Lebanon <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cedarland.org/site.html">on the site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060716133147/http://www.cedarland.org/site.html">Archived</a> 2006-07-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=17019">Journalists and politicians pay tribute to legacy of Riad Taha</a> <i>The Daily Star</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ylib-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ylib_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120607175836/http://yalibnan.com/site/archives/2005/06/george_hawi_kne.php">"George Hawi knew who killed Kamal Jumblatt"</a>. <i>Ya Libnan</i>. 22 June 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yalibnan.com/site/archives/2005/06/george_hawi_kne.php">the original</a> on 7 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ya+Libnan&rft.atitle=George+Hawi+knew+who+killed+Kamal+Jumblatt&rft.date=2005-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyalibnan.com%2Fsite%2Farchives%2F2005%2F06%2Fgeorge_hawi_kne.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerrorism+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danielpipes.org/article/1064">"Terrorism: The Syrian Connection"</a>, by Daniel Pipes</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgic.org/en/help_syria_terrorism.php">Syrian terrorist incidents</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Terrorism_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Asia">Terrorism in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Terrorism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_China" title="Terrorism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Egypt" title="Terrorism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_India" title="Terrorism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Indonesia" title="Terrorism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Japan (page does not exist)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Kazakhstan" title="Terrorism in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_South_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in South Korea (page does not exist)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Kuwait" title="Terrorism in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Terrorism in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Lebanon" title="Terrorism in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Malaysia" title="Terrorism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Myanmar" title="Terrorism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_Philippines" title="Terrorism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Terrorism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Tajikistan" title="Terrorism in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Thailand" title="Terrorism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Turkey" title="Terrorism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Terrorism in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Terrorism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Vietnam (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Yemen" title="Terrorism in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Taiwan (page does not exist)">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Terrorism in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorism in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Terrorist_attacks_in_Syria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Terrorist_attacks_in_Syria" title="Template:Terrorist attacks in Syria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Terrorist_attacks_in_Syria" title="Template talk:Terrorist attacks in Syria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorist_attacks_in_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorist attacks in Syria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Terrorist_attacks_in_Syria" class="summary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Terrorist attacks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1949_Menarsha_synagogue_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="1949 Menarsha synagogue attack">Menarsha synagogue attack</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Artillery_School_massacre" title="Aleppo Artillery School massacre">Aleppo Artillery School</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Hafez_al-Assad_in_June_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="Attempted assassination of Hafez al-Assad in June 1980">President assassination attempt (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Azbakiyah_bombing" title="1981 Azbakiyah bombing">1981 Azbakiyah bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Damascus_bombings" title="1986 Damascus bombings">1986 Damascus bombings</a> ‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_terrorist_attacks#2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Damascus terrorist attacks">Damascus diplomatic quarter</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_terrorist_attacks#2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Damascus terrorist attacks">Syrian National TV</a> (June 2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_terrorist_attacks#2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Damascus terrorist attacks">US embassy</a> (September 2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Damascus_car_bombing" title="2008 Damascus car bombing">Damascus car bombing (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_terrorist_attacks#2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Damascus terrorist attacks">Sayyidah Zeinab</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bombings_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bombings during the Syrian civil war">2010s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Damascus_bombings" title="2011 Damascus bombings">2011 Damascus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2012_Aleppo_bombings" title="February 2012 Aleppo bombings">Aleppo (February 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2012_Aleppo_bombing" title="March 2012 Aleppo bombing">Aleppo (March 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2012_Damascus_bombings" title="March 2012 Damascus bombings">Damascus (March 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Damascus_bombings" title="April 2012 Damascus bombings">Damascus (April 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2012 Idlib bombings">Idlib (April 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_May_2012_Damascus_bombings" title="10 May 2012 Damascus bombings">Damascus (May 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Deir_ez-Zor_bombing" title="2012 Deir ez-Zor bombing">Deir ez-Zor (May 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">Damascus (July 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2012_Aleppo_bombing" title="September 2012 Aleppo bombing">Aleppo (September 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2012_Aleppo_bombings" title="October 2012 Aleppo bombings">Aleppo (October 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab (December 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_University_bombings" title="Aleppo University bombings">Aleppo University (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2013_Damascus_bombings" title="February 2013 Damascus bombings">Damascus (February 2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan (February 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs (October 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Tamer_bombings" title="Tell Tamer bombings">Tell Tamer (December 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Homs_car_bombing" title="2015 Homs car bombing">Homs (December 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli (December 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">Sayyidah Zaynab (January and February 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs (February 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartus_bombings" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartus bombings">Jableh and Tartus (May 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli (July 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atmeh_attack" title="2016 Atmeh attack">Atmeh (August 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">(September 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz (January 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Damascus_bombings" title="March 2017 Damascus bombings">Damascus (March 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo (April 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda (July 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">(June 2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">(November 2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Afrin_bombing" title="2020 Afrin bombing">Afrin (April 2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Homs_drone_strike" title="2023 Homs drone strike">Homs (October 2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Azaz_bombing" title="2024 Azaz bombing">Azaz (March 2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>‡</b> indicates the terrorist attack which caused the greatest number of casualties</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&oldid=1253234808">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Syria&oldid=1253234808</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorism_in_Syria" title="Category:Terrorism 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