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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plants_and_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plants_and_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Plants and animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plants_and_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>People and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ancient history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Medieval history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_the_1800s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_the_1800s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Since the 1800s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_the_1800s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Afghan_conflict_in_the_2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Afghan_conflict_in_the_2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>The Afghan conflict in the 2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Afghan_conflict_in_the_2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provinces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Provinces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Relationship with other countries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relationship_with_other_countries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Relationship with other countries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_missions_that_still_represent_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_missions_that_still_represent_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Diplomatic missions that still represent the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomatic_missions_that_still_represent_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Afghanistan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 278 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-278" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">278 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Афгъанистэн – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Афгъанистэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афгъанистан – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Афгъанистан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8D%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="አፍጋኒስታን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አፍጋኒስታን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफगानिस्तान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अफगानिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D3%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афӷанисҭан – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Афӷанисҭан" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="أفغانستان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أفغانستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganist%C3%A1n" title="Afganistán – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Afganistán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A6%DC%93%DC%90%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܐܦܓܐܢܣܛܐܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܦܓܐܢܣܛܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%86%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Աֆղանիստան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աֆղանիստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আফগানিস্তান – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আফগানিস্তান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganist%C3%A1n" title="Afganistán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Afganistán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफगानिस्तान – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अफगानिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahyganit%C3%A3" title="Ahyganitã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ahyganitã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афгъанистан – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Афгъанистан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Ffqan%C4%B1stan" title="Əfqanıstan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əfqanıstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="افغانیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="افغانیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আফগানিস্তান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আফগানিস্তান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афғанстан – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Афғанстан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганістан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Афганістан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аўганістан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аўганістан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफ़ग़ानिस्तान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अफ़ग़ानिस्तान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apganistan" title="Apganistan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Apganistan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Афганистан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨ་ཧྥུའུ་རྒན་སི་ཐན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨ་ཧྥུའུ་རྒན་སི་ཐན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Афганистан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистан – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Афганистан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasod_nga_Afghano" title="Nasod nga Afghano – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nasod nga Afghano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgh%C3%A1nist%C3%A1n" title="Afghánistán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Afghánistán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afughanistani" title="Afughanistani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Afughanistani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affganistan" title="Affganistan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Affganistan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="أفغانستان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أفغانستان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganischtaan" title="Afganischtaan – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Afganischtaan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%8A%DE%B0%DE%A3%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އަފްޣާނިސްތާން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަފްޣާނިސްތާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफगानिस्तान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अफगानिस्तान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%95%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%86%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Αφγανιστάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αφγανιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Афганистан Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Афганистан Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganist%C3%A1n" title="Afganistán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Afganistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganio" title="Afganio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Afganio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganist%C3%A1n" title="Afganistán – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Afganistán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="افغانستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="افغانستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistaan" title="Afganistaan – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Afganistaan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Afganast%C3%A1in" title="An Afganastáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Afganastáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Afghanistaan" title="Yn Afghanistaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Afghanistaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganastan" title="Afganastan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Afganastan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganist%C3%A1n" title="Afganistán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Afganistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Афганистане – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Афганистане" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="أفغانستان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="أفغانستان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%AB%E0%AA%98%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="અફઘાનિસ્તાન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અફઘાનિસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌰𐍆𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐍆𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफगाणिस्तान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="अफगाणिस्तान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="아프가니스탄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아프가니스탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBApekanikana" title="ʻApekanikana – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻApekanikana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%86%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Աֆղանստան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աֆղանստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफ़ग़ानिस्तान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अफ़ग़ानिस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apganistan" title="Apganistan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Apganistan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আফগানিস্তান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আফগানিস্তান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афгъанистан – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Афгъанистан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Afganistani" title="I-Afganistani – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Afganistani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="אפגניסטן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפגניסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistani" title="Afganistani – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Afganistani" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%98%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿಸ್ತಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿಸ್ತಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистан – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Афганистан" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ავღანეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ავღანეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8E%D9%81%D8%BA%D9%B2%D9%86%D9%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اَفغٲنِستان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اَفغٲنِستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganist%C3%B3n" title="Afganistón – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Afganistón" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ауғанстан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ауғанстан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afuganisitani" title="Afuganisitani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Afuganisitani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистан – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Афганистан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgana" title="Afgana – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Afgana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efxanistan" title="Efxanistan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Efxanistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ооганстан – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ооганстан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດອາຟະການິດສະຖານ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອາຟະການິດສະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgania" title="Afgania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Afgania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganist%C4%81na" title="Afganistāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Afganistāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афгъанистан – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Афгъанистан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistanas" title="Afganistanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Afganistanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganist%C3%A1ni" title="Afganistáni – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Afganistáni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistuanu" title="Afganistuanu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Afganistuanu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/afyganisTAN" title="afyganisTAN – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="afyganisTAN" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganiszt%C3%A1n" title="Afganisztán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Afganisztán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफगानिस्तान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अफगानिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Авганистан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Авганистан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganist%C3%A0na" title="Afganistàna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Afganistàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="അഫ്ഗാനിസ്താൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഫ്ഗാനിസ്താൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80whekenet%C4%81na" title="Āwhekenetāna – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Āwhekenetāna" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफगाणिस्तान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अफगाणिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ავღანეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ავღანეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="افغانستان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="افغانستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="افخانسون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="افخانسون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯐꯒꯥꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯐꯒꯥꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afeganistan" title="Afeganistan – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Afeganistan" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистан – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Афганистан" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Афганистан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အာဖဂန်နစ္စတန်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာဖဂန်နစ္စတန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफगानिस्तान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अफगानिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफगानिस्तान – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अफगानिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%82%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="アフガニスタン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフガニスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ОвхӀан – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ОвхӀан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghaanistaan" title="Afghaanistaan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Afghaanistaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistaan" title="Afganistaan – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Afganistaan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистан – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Афганистан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଆଫଗାନିସ୍ତାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଫଗାନିସ୍ତାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgaanistaan" title="Afgaanistaan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Afgaanistaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afg%CA%BBoniston" title="Afgʻoniston – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Afgʻoniston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफगानस्थान – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="अफगानस्थान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="افغانستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="افغانستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="افغانستان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="افغانستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="អាហ្វហ្កានីស្ថាន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាហ្វហ្កានីស្ថាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afg%C3%A0nistan" title="Afgànistan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Afgànistan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afeganist%C3%A3o" title="Afeganistão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Afeganistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aw%C7%B5anstan" title="Awǵanstan – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Awǵanstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af%C4%9Fanistan" title="Afğanistan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Afğanistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphqanusuyu" title="Aphqanusuyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Aphqanusuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D2%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афґаністан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Афґаністан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Афганистан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистаан – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Афганистаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afakanisitana" title="Afakanisitana – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Afakanisitana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="अफगानिस्थानम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अफगानिस्थानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="افغانستان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="افغانستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganist%C3%A0n" title="Afganistàn – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Afganistàn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistani" title="Afganistani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Afganistani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganist%C3%A0n" title="Afganistàn – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Afganistàn" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ඇෆ්ගනිස්ථානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇෆ්ගනිස්ථානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="افغانستان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="افغانستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Afugani" title="I-Afugani – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="I-Afugani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Афганистанъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Афганистанъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgaanistan" title="Afgaanistan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Afgaanistan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەفغانستان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەفغانستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Авганистан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Авганистан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apganistan" title="Apganistan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Apganistan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apganistan" title="Apganistan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Apganistan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆப்கானித்தான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆப்கானித்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af%C9%A3anistan" title="Afɣanistan – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Afɣanistan" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af%C9%A3anistan" title="Afɣanistan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Afɣanistan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әфганстан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Әфганстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%BE%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းဢႃႇၾၵၢၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၢၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢႃႇၾၵၢၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၢၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%98%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆఫ్ఘనిస్తాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆఫ్ఘనిస్తాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afeganistaun" title="Afeganistaun – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Afeganistaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A3%E1%8D%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ኣፍጋኒስታን – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኣፍጋኒስታን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D2%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Афғонистон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Афғонистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAfik%C4%81nisitani" title="ʻAfikānisitani – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAfikānisitani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%AB%E1%8E%A8%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%96%E1%8F%82" title="ᎠᏫᎨᏂᏍᏖᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏫᎨᏂᏍᏖᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%98%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿಸ್ತಾನ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿಸ್ತಾನ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owganystan" title="Owganystan – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Owganystan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1fganistan" title="A̱fganistan – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱fganistan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганистан – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Афганистан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%81%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨕᨄᨁᨊᨗᨔᨈᨊ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨄᨁᨊᨗᨔᨈᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Афганістан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Афганістан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="افغانستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="افغانستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئافغانىستان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئافغانىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahfuhan" title="Ahfuhan – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ahfuhan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafganist%C3%A4n" title="Lafganistän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lafganistän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="阿富汗" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistaan" title="Afganistaan – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Afganistaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿富汗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="אפגאניסטאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אפגאניסטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan%C3%ADst%C3%A0n" title="Afghanístàn – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Afghanístàn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿富汗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ef%C4%9Fan%C4%B1stan" title="Efğanıstan – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Efğanıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgan%C4%97stans" title="Afganėstans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Afganėstans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿富汗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apganistan" title="Apganistan – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Apganistan" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apganistan" title="Apganistan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Apganistan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apganistan" title="Apganistan – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Apganistan" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Afghanistan" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Ff%C7%A7anistan" title="Əfǧanistan – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Əfǧanistan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%96%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⴼⵖⴰⵏⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴼⵖⴰⵏⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q889#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9430902">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Afghanistan&params=33_N_66_E_region:AF_source:geonames_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°N</span> <span class="longitude">66°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33°N 66°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33; 66</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8538344">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8087921">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">د افغانستان اسلامي امارت</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a>)</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Pashto-language text"><i lang="ps">Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat</i></span></span><br /> <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">امارت اسلامی افغانستان</span></span>  <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>)</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Dari-language text"><i lang="prs">Emārat-e Eslāmi-ye Afghānestān</i></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Afghanistan"><img alt="Flag of Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Afghanistan" title="Flag of Afghanistan">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Afghanistan"><img alt="Emblem of Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Arms_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg/85px-Arms_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Arms_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg/128px-Arms_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Arms_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg/170px-Arms_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="318" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Afghanistan" title="Emblem of Afghanistan"> Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><i><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">lā ʾilāha ʾillà l-Lāh, Muhammadur rasūlu l-Lāh</a></i><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Arabic" title="Classical Arabic">Arabic</a>)<br />"There is no god but <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="God in Islam">God</a>. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> is the messenger of God." (<i><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></i>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">دا د باتورانو کور</span></span><br /><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">Dā də bātorāno kor</i></span><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">"<a href="/wiki/This_is_the_Home_of_the_Brave" title="This is the Home of the Brave">This is the Home of the Brave</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Amirzai_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amirzai-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nunn.asia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nunn.asia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tharoor_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tharoor-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghanistan_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Afghanistan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Afghanistan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Afghanistan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Afghanistan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Afghanistan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Afghanistan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9430902">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Afghanistan&params=33_N_66_E_region:AF_source:geonames_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°N</span> <span class="longitude">66°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33°N 66°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33; 66</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122542">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Persian</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="ib-country-lang">Recognised regional languages</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Uzbek</li><li>Turkmen</li><li>Balochi</li><li>Pashayi</li><li>Hazaragi</li><li>Nuristani</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6670383">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Recognised minority languages</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Arabic</li><li>Urdu</li><li>English</li><li>Kyrgyz</li><li>Tajik</li><li>Sindhi</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major sign language</th><td class="infobox-data">Afghan Sign Language</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2019)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>32%<a href="/wiki/Pashtun" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun">Pashtun</a></li><li>30% <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajiks">Tajik</a></li><li>26% <a href="/wiki/Hazaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaras">Hazara</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"> </span>8% <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbeks">Uzbek</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"> </span>2% <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_people" title="Turkmen people">Turkmen</a></li><li><0.5% <a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaq</a></li><li><0.5% <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"> </span>3% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">others</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>95% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Afghanistan" title="Islam in Afghanistan">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official</a>)</li><li><span class="nowrap"> </span>5% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographics of Afghanistan (not yet started)">others</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Afghan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan">Afghan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Demonym_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demonym-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_of_Afghanistan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution_of_Afghanistan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caretaker_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caretaker government (not yet started)">caretaker government</a> under an <a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">autocracy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Akhundzada_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akhundzada-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan">Emir</a><sup id="cite_ref-Akhundzada_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akhundzada-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Akhund" title="Hasan Akhund">Hasan Akhund</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acting_(law)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acting (law) (not yet started)">acting</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Deputy_prime_minister" title="Deputy prime minister">First Deputy Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghani_Baradar" title="Abdul Ghani Baradar">Abdul Ghani Baradar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acting_(law)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acting (law) (not yet started)">acting</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Deputy_prime_minister" title="Deputy prime minister">Second Deputy Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Salam_Hanafi" title="Abdul Salam Hanafi">Abdul Salam Hanafi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acting_(law)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acting (law) (not yet started)">acting</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TBA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TBA (not yet started)">TBA</a> (as of 2021)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Afghanistan">Formation</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hotak_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hotak dynasty (not yet started)">Hotak Empire</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1709–1738</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1747–1842</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emirate of Afghanistan (not yet started)">Emirate</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1823–1926</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Afghan_Treaty_of_1919&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 (not yet started)">Recognised</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Independence_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afghan Independence Day (not yet started)">19 August 1919</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Kingdom</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 June 1926</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic of Afghanistan (not yet started)">Declaration of Republic</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 July 1973</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 September 1996</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 2004</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Taliban takeover of Kabul</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 August 2021</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Afghanistan" title="Geography of Afghanistan">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">652,864<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (252,072 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">40th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">negligible</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2020 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">32,890,171<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">43rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">48.08/km<sup>2</sup> (124.5/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">174th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6670383"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2018 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$72.911 billion<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">96th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$2,024<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">169th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6670383"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2018 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$21.657 billion<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">111st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$493<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">177th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6670383"><span class="nobold">(2008)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 27.8<sup id="cite_ref-wb-gini_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:forestgreen">low</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality" title="List of countries by income equality">1st</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6670383"><span class="nobold">(2019)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.511<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:red">low</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">169th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Afghan_afghani" title="Afghan afghani">Afghani</a> (افغانی) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">AFN</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+4:30<br /><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Calendar</a></span> (D†)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Right-_and_left-hand_traffic#Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Right- and left-hand traffic">right</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Afghanistan" title="Telephone numbers in Afghanistan">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Afghanistan" title="Telephone numbers in Afghanistan">+93</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AF" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-2:AF">AF</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.af" class="mw-redirect" title=".af">.af</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="افغانستان. (not yet started)">افغانستان.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website"><b>Website</b><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alemarahenglish.af/">www<wbr />.alemarahenglish<wbr />.af</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Afghanistan</b>, officially the <b>Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">country</a> in Asia. It borders <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> in the south and east, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> in the west, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> in the north, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in the far northeast.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a>. </p><p>Afghanistan is currently governed by the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">collapse</a> of the internationally recognized <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</a> on 15 August 2021. In early times people passed through it with animals and other goods as it connected China and India with <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. More recently, Afghanistan has been damaged by many years of war. There are not enough jobs. </p><p>The country is around 251,826 square miles (652,230 square kilometres) in size. There are 40.976 million people in Afghanistan. There are about 3 million Afghan <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">refugees</a> (people who had to leave the country) in Pakistan and Iran. In 2011 <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, had about 3,691,400 people living in it.<sup id="cite_ref-cso.gov.af_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso.gov.af-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a> <a href="/wiki/Decision" class="mw-disambig" title="Decision">decided</a> in October 2021 to <a href="/wiki/Appointment" class="mw-disambig" title="Appointment">appoint</a> an independent expert, known as a United Nations special rapporteur on Afghanistan, to find out about <a href="/wiki/Violation" class="mw-disambig" title="Violation">violations</a> carried out by the Taliban and others who are now part of a big conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Economy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Economy"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economy does not have growth (as April 2024), of that kind that is called <a href="/wiki/GDP_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP growth">GDP growth</a>, according to Worldbank.org.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In regard to the <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a> industry: In 2024, Chinese engineers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breaking_ground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breaking ground (not yet started)">broke ground</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mine">mine</a>; "The deposit is <a href="/wiki/Estimation" title="Estimation">estimated</a> to [... have] 11.5 million tons of <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> <a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">ore</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Geography" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geography"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Hawk_flying_over_a_valley_in_Bamyan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_Hawk_flying_over_a_valley_in_Bamyan.jpg/220px-Black_Hawk_flying_over_a_valley_in_Bamyan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_Hawk_flying_over_a_valley_in_Bamyan.jpg/330px-Black_Hawk_flying_over_a_valley_in_Bamyan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_Hawk_flying_over_a_valley_in_Bamyan.jpg/440px-Black_Hawk_flying_over_a_valley_in_Bamyan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Snow-capped Koh-i-Baba mountains in <a href="/wiki/Bamyan_Province" title="Bamyan Province">Bamyan Province</a> of Afghanistan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Afghanistan has many <a href="/wiki/Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountains">mountains</a>. The mountains are called the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>. The tallest mountain in Afghanistan is <a href="/wiki/Noshaq" title="Noshaq">Mount Nowshak</a>. There are <a href="/wiki/Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Plains">plains</a> (which have soil that is good for growing plants) and <a href="/wiki/Foothills" title="Foothills">foothills</a>. Parts of the country are also dry, especially the <a href="/wiki/Registan_Desert" title="Registan Desert">Registan Desert</a>. Afghanistan has snow and <a href="/wiki/Glaciers" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciers">glaciers</a> in the mountains. <a href="/wiki/Amu_Darya" title="Amu Darya">Amu Darya</a> is the big water stream, or river. </p><p>The country has a lot of a valuable <a href="/wiki/Stone" title="Stone">stone</a> called <a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">lapis lazuli</a>, which was used to decorate the <a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">tomb</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ngk_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngk-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Climate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Climate"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Afghanistan has a <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a> with hot summers and cold winters. Having no water sometimes causes problems for <a href="/wiki/Farmers" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmers">farmers</a>. Sandstorms happen a lot in the <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plants_and_animals">Plants and animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Plants and animals" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Plants and animals"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uncia_uncia_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Uncia_uncia_2.jpg/150px-Uncia_uncia_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Uncia_uncia_2.jpg/225px-Uncia_uncia_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Uncia_uncia_2.jpg/300px-Uncia_uncia_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>Endangered <a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">snow leopards</a> live in the cold <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/South" title="South">Southern</a> Afghanistan has not many plants because it is dry. There are more plants where there is more water. Mountains have <a href="/wiki/Forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Forests">forests</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">fir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cedar" title="Cedar">cedar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">alder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ash_tree" title="Ash tree">ash trees</a>. </p><p>Afghanistan's wild animals live in the mountains. There are <a href="/wiki/Wolves" title="Wolves">wolves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Foxes">foxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackals" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackals">jackals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bears" class="mw-redirect" title="Bears">bears</a>, and wild <a href="/wiki/Wild_goat" title="Wild goat">goats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gazelle" title="Gazelle">gazelles</a>, wild dogs, <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wild_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild cat">wild cats</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">snow leopard</a> in the country. The birds are <a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">falcons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eagles" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagles">eagles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vulture" title="Vulture">vultures</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rhesus_Macaque" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhesus Macaque">Rhesus Macaque</a> and the red flying <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrel</a> are also in Afghanistan. </p><p>Many years of <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a>, and years of no water have killed animals in Afghanistan. There used to be <a href="/wiki/Tigers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigers">tigers</a> in Afghanistan, but now there aren't any. Bears and wolves are almost gone.<sup id="cite_ref-ngk_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngk-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People_and_culture">People and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: People and culture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: People and culture"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethno-linguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_1997.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ethno-linguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_1997.jpg/220px-Ethno-linguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_1997.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ethno-linguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_1997.jpg/330px-Ethno-linguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_1997.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ethno-linguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_1997.jpg/440px-Ethno-linguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_1997.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1091" /></a><figcaption>Ethno-linguistic map of Afghanistan 1997</figcaption></figure> <p>Many people have moved through or invaded the land of Afghanistan. Today's people of Afghanistan are known as <i>Afghans</i>. </p><p>The largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group">group</a> of people are the <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun people">Pashtuns</a>. These make up about half the population.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tajik_people" title="Tajik people">Tajiks</a> are the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a>, making up about one-fifth of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit-Tajik_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-Tajik-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the 20th century, Tajiks were called Sarts<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some come from <a href="/wiki/Iranic_peoples" title="Iranic peoples">Iranian</a> peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Pashtuns are also related to the Iranian peoples. Some Pashtuns and Tajiks marry each other but at the same time they are rivals. The third-largest group are the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_people" title="Hazara people">Hazaras</a>. They are native to the <a href="/wiki/Hazaristan" title="Hazaristan">Hazaristan</a> area in central Afghanistan. The country's other groups include the <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_people" title="Uzbek people">Uzbek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_people" title="Turkmen people">Turkmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuristani_people" title="Nuristani people">Nuristani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pashayi_people" title="Pashayi people">Pashayi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ngk_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngk-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a>-Persian and <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a> are the official languages of Afghanistan. Many people speak both languages.<sup id="cite_ref-AO_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AO-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both are <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-European language">Indo-European languages</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a> sub-family. They are usually written with the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> are widely spoken in the north and <a href="/wiki/Nuristani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuristani language">Nuristani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pashai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashai language">Pashai</a> are spoken in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-AO_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AO-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 99% of Afghans follow the religion of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. </p><p>Afghanistan is a largely <a href="/wiki/Rural" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural">rural</a> country. This means there are only a few major cities. About one fifth of the population live in cities. <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, the capital, is the largest city. It is south of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> range and alongside the <a href="/wiki/Kabul_River" title="Kabul River">Kabul River</a>. Other cities are <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazar-e_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-e Sharif">Mazar-e Sharif</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jalalabad" title="Jalalabad">Jalalabad</a>. The rural population is made up of <a href="/wiki/Farmer" title="Farmer">farmers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomads</a>. The farmers live mainly in small villages along the rivers. The nomads live in tents while moving from place to place with their animals and belongings. Some people live in the high central mountains. Some live in the deserts in the south and southwest. Millions of people left Afghanistan to get away from the wars that happened in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Most of them went to <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Afghanistan is in the <a href="/wiki/Trail" title="Trail">path</a> of important trade routes that connect southern and eastern <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. Because of this, many empire builders have tried to rule over the area. Signs that these <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">emperors</a> were near Afghanistan still exist in many parts of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afghanistan is near what used to be the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>. The peoples of Afghanistan helped develop major <a href="/wiki/World_religions" title="World religions">world religions</a>, traded and exchanged many <a href="/wiki/Product_(business)" title="Product (business)">products</a>, and sometimes controlled politics and culture in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Prehistory" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Prehistory"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raffael_071.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Raffael_071.jpg/170px-Raffael_071.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Raffael_071.jpg/255px-Raffael_071.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Raffael_071.jpg/340px-Raffael_071.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1205" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, lived in <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a>, an ancient land in the north of today's Afghanistan.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeologists</a> digging a cave in <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_Province" title="Badakhshan Province">Badakhshan</a> discovered that people lived in the country as early as 100,000 years ago. They found the skull of a <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a>, or early human, as well as tools from about 30,000 years ago. In other parts of Afghanistan, archaeologists uncovered <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a> and tools that are 4,000 to 11,000 years old—evidence that Afghans were among the first people in the world to grow crops and raise animals.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaunakes_Bactria_Louvre_AO31917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Kaunakes_Bactria_Louvre_AO31917.jpg/150px-Kaunakes_Bactria_Louvre_AO31917.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Kaunakes_Bactria_Louvre_AO31917.jpg/225px-Kaunakes_Bactria_Louvre_AO31917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Kaunakes_Bactria_Louvre_AO31917.jpg/300px-Kaunakes_Bactria_Louvre_AO31917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>A Stone Female Figurine, known as <i>Bactrian Princess</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a>, north of Afghanistan, about 4,000 years ago</figcaption></figure> <p>Farmers and herders settled in the plains surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> as early as 7000 B.C. These people may have grown rich off the <a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">lapis lazuli</a> they found along riverbeds, which they traded to early city sites to the west, across the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>. As farms and villages grew these ancient people started <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> (digging ditches for water so it flows to crops) that allowed them to grow crops on the northern Afghanistan desert plains. This <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilization</a> (advanced state of organization) is today called BMAC (<a href="/wiki/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex</a>), or the "Oxus civilization".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oxus_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxus civilization">Oxus civilization</a> expanded as far east as western edge of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indus Valley (not yet started)">Indus Valley</a> during the period between 2200 and 1800 B.C.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These people, who were the ancestors of the Indo-Aryans, used the term "<a href="/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan">Aryan</a>" to identify their ethnicity, culture, and religion. Scholars know this when they read the ancient texts of these people; the <a href="/wiki/Avesta_(religious_scripture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avesta (religious scripture)">Avesta</a> of Iranic peoples and the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> of Indo-Aryans.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> religion, the world's earliest <a href="/wiki/Monotheistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotheistic">monotheistic</a> religion, (meaning a religion believing in one god) lived in the area (somewhere north of today's Afghanistan), around 1000 B.C.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Ancient history" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Ancient history"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Khorasan_highlighted.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ancient_Khorasan_highlighted.jpg/220px-Ancient_Khorasan_highlighted.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ancient_Khorasan_highlighted.jpg/330px-Ancient_Khorasan_highlighted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Ancient_Khorasan_highlighted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Names of territories during the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> in 750 CE. <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a> was part of Persia (in <a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellowish</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the middle of the sixth century <a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a>, Afghanistan was held by the <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medes</a>. Then the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenids" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenids">Achaemenids</a> took over control of the land and made it part of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian empire">Persian empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_great" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander the great">Alexander the great</a> defeated and conquered the Persian Empire in 330 BCE. He founded some cities in the area. The people used <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonian</a> culture and language. After Alexander, <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Bactrians">Greco-Bactrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kushans" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushans">Kushans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parthians" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthians">Parthians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Guptas</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sassanians" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanians">Sassanians</a> ruled the area.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kushans spread <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> in the 1st century BCE, and Buddhism remained an important religion in the area until the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_conquest" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic conquest">Islamic conquest</a> in the 7th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddhas of Bamiyan</a> were giant statues, a reminder of Buddhism in Afghanistan. They were destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> in 2001. There were international protests. The Taliban believe that the ancient statues were <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">un-Islamic</a> and that they had a right to destroy them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_history">Medieval history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Medieval history" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Medieval history"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in the 7th century and slowly began spreading the new religion. In the 9th and 10th centuries, many local Islamic <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynasties</a> rose to power inside Afghanistan. One of the earliest was the <a href="/wiki/Tahirids" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahirids">Tahirids</a>, whose kingdom included <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>; they established independence from the <a href="/wiki/Abbasids" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasids">Abbasids</a> in 820. The Tahirids were succeeded in about 867 by the <a href="/wiki/Saffarids" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffarids">Saffarids</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zaranj" title="Zaranj">Zaranj</a> in western Afghanistan. Local princes in the north soon became <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/feudatory" class="extiw" title="wikt:feudatory">feudatories</a> of the powerful <a href="/wiki/Samanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanids">Samanids</a>, who ruled from <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>. From 872 to 999, north of the Hindu Kush in Afghanistan enjoyed a golden age under Samanid rule.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 10th century, the local <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire" title="Ghaznavid Empire">Ghaznavids</a> turned <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a> into their capital and firmly established Islam throughout all areas of Afghanistan, except the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kafiristan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kafiristan (not yet started)">Kafiristan</a> region in the northeast. <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni" title="Mahmud of Ghazni">Mahmud of Ghazni</a>, a great Ghaznavid <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a>, conquered the <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>, and carried raids into the heart of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Abdul_Jabbar_Utbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammed bin Abdul Jabbar Utbi (not yet started)">Mohammed bin Abdul Jabbar Utbi</a>, a historian from the 10th century, wrote that thousands of "Afghans" were in the Ghaznavid army.<sup id="cite_ref-Houtsma_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houtsma-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Habibi_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Habibi-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ghaznavid dynasty was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghorid</a>s of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghor (not yet started)">Ghor</a> in the late 12th century, who reconquered Ghaznavid territory in the name of Islam and ruled it until 1206. The Ghorid army also included ethnic Afghans.<sup id="cite_ref-Houtsma_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houtsma-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_miniature_of_Ahmad_Shah_Durrani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Portrait_miniature_of_Ahmad_Shah_Durrani.jpg/150px-Portrait_miniature_of_Ahmad_Shah_Durrani.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Portrait_miniature_of_Ahmad_Shah_Durrani.jpg/225px-Portrait_miniature_of_Ahmad_Shah_Durrani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Portrait_miniature_of_Ahmad_Shah_Durrani.jpg/300px-Portrait_miniature_of_Ahmad_Shah_Durrani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="1259" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Founder" class="mw-disambig" title="Founder">founder</a> of the modern state of Afghanistan in 1747.</figcaption></figure> <p>Afghanistan was recognized as <i>Khorasan</i>, meaning "land of the rising sun," which was a prosperous and independent geographic region reaching as far as the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All the major cities of modern Afghanistan were centers of science and culture in the past. The New Persian <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a> arose and flourished in the area. The early Persian poets such as <a href="/wiki/Rudaki" title="Rudaki">Rudaki</a> were from what is now Afghanistan. Moreover, <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a>, the author of <a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a>, the national <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic</a> of Iran, and <a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a>, the famous <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> poet, were also from here. It has produced scientists such as <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Al-Farabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Al-Biruni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Khayyám">Omar Khayyám</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Khwarizmi" title="Al-Khwarizmi">Al-Khwarizmi</a>, and many others who are widely known for their important contributions in areas such as <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>. It remained the cultural capital of Persia until the devastating <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> invasion in the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Timur">Timur</a>, the Turkic conqueror, took over in the end of the 14th century and began to rebuild cities in this region. Timur's successors, the <a href="/wiki/Timurids" class="mw-redirect" title="Timurids">Timurids</a> (1405–1507), were great patrons of learning and the arts who enriched their capital city of <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> with fine buildings. Under their rule Afghanistan enjoyed peace and prosperity. </p><p>Between south of the Hindu Kush and the Indus River (today's Pakistan) was the native land of the Afghan tribes. They called this land "Afghanistan" (meaning "land of the Afghans"). The Afghans ruled the rich northern Indian subcontinent with their capital at <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>. From the 16th to the early 18th century, Afghanistan was disputed between the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavids</a> of <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> of <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> who had replaced the <a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Suri</a> Afghan rulers in India. The Safavids and Mughals occasionally oppressed the native Afghans but at the same time the Afghans used each empire to punish the other. In 1709, the <a href="/wiki/Hotaki_dynasty" title="Hotaki dynasty">Hotaki</a> Afghans rose to power and completely defeated the Persian Empire. Then they marched towards the Mughals of India and defeated them with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_dynasty" title="Afsharid dynasty">Afsharid</a> forces under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nader_Shah_Afshar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nader Shah Afshar (not yet started)">Nader Shah Afshar</a>. </p><p>In 1747, after Nader Shah of Persia was killed, a great leader named <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a> united all the different Muslim tribes and established the Afghan Empire (<a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a>). He is considered the founding father of the modern state of Afghanistan<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Mirwais_Hotak" title="Mirwais Hotak">Mirwais Hotak</a> is the grandfather of the nation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_the_1800s">Since the 1800s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Since the 1800s" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Since the 1800s"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1800s, Afghanistan became a <a href="/wiki/Buffer_zone" title="Buffer zone">buffer zone</a> between two powerful empires, the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian Empire">British Indian Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. As British India advanced into Afghanistan, Russia felt threatened and expanded southward across Central Asia. To stop the Russian advance, Britain tried to make Afghanistan part of its empire but the Afghans fought wars with British-led Indians from 1839 to 1842 and from 1878 to 1880. After the third war in 1919, Afghanistan under <a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Amanullah Khan">King Amanullah</a> gained respect and recognition as a completely independent state. </p><p>The Kingdom of Afghanistan was a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> established in 1926. It was the successor state to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emirate of Afghanistan (not yet started)">Emirate of Afghanistan</a>. On 27 September 1934, during the reign of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zahir_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zahir Shah (not yet started)">Zahir Shah</a>, the Kingdom of Afghanistan joined the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Afghanistan remained neutral. It pursued a <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomatic policy</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-alignment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non-alignment (not yet started)">non-alignment</a>. </p><p>The creation of Pakistan in 1947 as its eastern neighbor created problems. In 1973, political crises led to the overthrow of the king. The country's new leader ended the monarchy and made Afghanistan a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>. In 1978, a <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> political party supported by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> seized control of Afghanistan's government. This move sparked rebellions throughout the country. The government asked the Soviet Union for military assistance. The Soviets took advantage of the situation and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet war in Afghanistan">invaded Afghanistan in December 1979</a>. </p><p>Most people in Afghanistan opposed the sudden Soviet presence in their country. For nearly a decade, anti-Communist Islamic forces known as <i><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a></i> were trained in Pakistan to fight the Soviets and the Afghan government. The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and other anti-Soviet countries supported the Mujahideen. In the long war, over one million Afghan civilians were killed. The Soviet Army also lost more than 15,000 soldiers in that war. Millions of Afghans left their country to stay safe in neighboring Pakistan and Iran. In 1989 the Soviet Army withdrew the last of its troops. </p><p>After the Soviets left in 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a> started; different Afghan warlords began fighting for control of the country. The warlords received support from other countries, including neighboring Pakistan and Iran. A very conservative <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> group known as the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> emerged in an attempt to end the civil war. By the late 1990s the Taliban had gained control over 95% of Afghanistan. A group known as the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a>, based in northern Afghanistan near the border with Tajikistan, continued to fight against the Taliban. </p><p>The Taliban ruled Afghanistan according to their strict version of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic law">Islamic law</a>. People whom the Taliban believed <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Afghanistan" title="Crime in Afghanistan">violated these laws</a> were given cruel punishments. In addition, the Taliban completely restricted the rights of women. Because of such policies, most countries refused to recognize the Taliban government. Only <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> accepted them as the official government. The Taliban also angered other countries by allowing suspected <a href="/wiki/Terrorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist">terrorists</a> to live freely in Afghanistan. Among them were <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> terrorist network. In September 2001, the United States blamed bin Laden for the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon outside Washington, D.C.</a> The Taliban refused to hand him over to the United States. In response, the United States and its allies launched a bombing campaign against al-Qaeda in October 2001. Within months the Taliban abandoned Kabul, and a new government led by <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a> came to power, but fighting between the Taliban and US-led armies continued. Taliban fighters have gone into Afghanistan from neighboring Pakistan. Afghans accused Pakistan's military of being behind the Taliban militants but Pakistan rejected this and stated that a stable Afghanistan is in Pakistan's own interest. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_Afghan_Independence_Day-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/2011_Afghan_Independence_Day-2.jpg/170px-2011_Afghan_Independence_Day-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/2011_Afghan_Independence_Day-2.jpg/255px-2011_Afghan_Independence_Day-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/2011_Afghan_Independence_Day-2.jpg/340px-2011_Afghan_Independence_Day-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Afghanistan" title="President of Afghanistan">Afghan President</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a> at the 2011 Afghan Independence Day in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghan_soldiers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Afghan_soldiers.jpg/220px-Afghan_soldiers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Afghan_soldiers.jpg/330px-Afghan_soldiers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Afghan_soldiers.jpg/440px-Afghan_soldiers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>-trained <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_National_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afghan National Army (not yet started)">Afghan National Army</a> (ANA) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collapse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collapse (not yet started)">collapsed</a> in 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2004, Hamid Karzai became the first <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratically</a> elected president of Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> began rebuilding Afghanistan, including its military and government institutions. Many schools and colleges were built. Freedom for women improved. Women can study, work, drive, and run for office. Many Afghan women work as politicians, some are ministers while at least one is a mayor. Others have opened businesses, or joined the military or police. Afghanistan's economy has also improved dramatically, and NATO agreed in 2012 to help the country for at least another 10 years after 2014. Afghanistan improved diplomatic ties with many countries in the world and continues. </p><p>In August 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Afghanistan" title="Cabinet of Afghanistan">Cabinet of Afghanistan</a> lost its power. Most of the country fell to the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> on <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">15 August 2021</a> with President <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ghani" title="Ashraf Ghani">Ashraf Ghani</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escape (not yet started)">escaping</a> the country. The former government's last <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holdout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holdout (not yet started)">holdout</a>, [was] in the <a href="/wiki/Panjshir_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Panjshir Valley">Panjshir Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Afghan_conflict_in_the_2020s">The Afghan conflict in the 2020s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: The Afghan conflict in the 2020s" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: The Afghan conflict in the 2020s"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghan_conflict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afghan conflict (not yet started)">Afghan conflict</a> as of 2025: In regard to (clashes or) <a href="/wiki/Skirmish" class="mw-redirect" title="Skirmish">skirmishes</a> at the border with Pakistan; They have happened as late as 2025's first quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_conflicts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border conflicts (not yet started)">Afghanistan–Pakistan border conflicts</a>, is the name of that part of the conflict. </p><p>Some conflicts in other countries have spread into Afghanistan; <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Islamist insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Balochistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insurgency in Balochistan (not yet started)">Islamist insurgency in Balochistan</a> are two such conflicts. </p><p>Another part of the Afghan conflict, is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan (not yet started)">Republican armed rebellion in Afghanistan</a>. Attacks by the <a href="/wiki/National_Resistance_Front_of_Afghanistan" title="National Resistance Front of Afghanistan">NRF</a> have happened as late as 2024's fourth quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attacks by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan_Freedom_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afghanistan Freedom Front (not yet started)">AFF</a> have happened as late as 2024's fourth quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Government" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Government"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">captured Kabul</a> on 15 August 2021, the governance of Afghanistan is disputed between the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</a>. </p><p>According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency International (not yet started)">Transparency International</a>, Afghanistan remains in the top most corrupt countries list.<sup id="cite_ref-TI_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TI-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provinces">Provinces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Provinces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Provinces"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2004, there are thirty-four <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">provinces</a>. Each province is divided into districts. (For cities see <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Afghanistan" title="List of cities in Afghanistan">List of cities in Afghanistan</a>.) </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:78%; margin:auto; font-size:90%;"> <caption style="text-align:center; background:#bfd7ff;"><b>Province map of Afghanistan</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghanistan_provinces_numbered_gray.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Provinces of Afghanistan"><img alt="Provinces of Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Afghanistan_provinces_numbered_gray.PNG/400px-Afghanistan_provinces_numbered_gray.PNG" decoding="async" width="400" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Afghanistan_provinces_numbered_gray.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="461" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; width:78%; margin:auto;"> <caption style="text-align:center; background:#bfd7ff;"><b>Provinces of Afghanistan</b><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th align="left">Province </th> <th align="left">Map # </th> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AF" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-2:AF">ISO 3166-2:AF</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th align="left">Capital </th> <th align="right">Population<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th align="right">Area (km²) </th> <th align="right">Languages </th> <th align="right">Notes </th> <th align="right">U.N. Region </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_Province" title="Badakhshan Province">Badakhshan</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">30</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-BDS</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fayzabad,_Badakhshan" title="Fayzabad, Badakhshan">Fayzabad</a></td> <td align="right">889,700</td> <td align="right">44,059</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dari_(Persian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari (Persian)">Dari (Persian)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamiri_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamiri languages">Pamiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a></td> <td>29 districts</td> <td>North East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Badghis_Province" title="Badghis Province">Badghis</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-BDG</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qala_i_Naw,_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qala i Naw, Afghanistan">Qala i Naw</a></td> <td align="right">464,100</td> <td align="right">20,591</td> <td>Dari, Pashto</td> <td>7 districts</td> <td>West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baghlan_Province" title="Baghlan Province">Baghlan</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-BGL</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puli_Khumri" title="Puli Khumri">Puli Khumri</a></td> <td align="right">848,500</td> <td align="right">21,118</td> <td>Dari, <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbeki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmeni</a>, Pashto</td> <td>16 districts</td> <td>North East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-BAL</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mazari_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazari Sharif">Mazari Sharif</a></td> <td align="right">1,219,200</td> <td align="right">17,249</td> <td>Dari, Pashto</td> <td>15 districts</td> <td>North West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bamyan_Province" title="Bamyan Province">Bamyan</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-BAM</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bamiyan_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamiyan City">Bamiyan</a></td> <td align="right">418,500</td> <td align="right">14,175</td> <td>Dari</td> <td>7 districts</td> <td>Central Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daykundi_Province" title="Daykundi Province">Daykundi</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-DAY</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nili,_Afghanistan" title="Nili, Afghanistan">Nili</a></td> <td align="right">431,300</td> <td align="right">8,088</td> <td>Dari, Pashto</td> <td>8 districts<br />Formed from <a href="/wiki/Or%C5%ABzg%C4%81n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Orūzgān Province">Oruzgan</a> in 2004</td> <td>South West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Farah_Province" title="Farah Province">Farah</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-FRA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farah,_Afghanistan" title="Farah, Afghanistan">Farah</a></td> <td align="right">474,300</td> <td align="right">48,471</td> <td>Pashto, Dari, <a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a></td> <td>11 districts</td> <td>West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Faryab_Province" title="Faryab Province">Faryab</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-FYB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maymana" title="Maymana">Maymana</a></td> <td align="right">931,800</td> <td align="right">20,293</td> <td>Uzbek, Dari, Pashto, Turkmen</td> <td>14 districts</td> <td>North West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghazni_Province" title="Ghazni Province">Ghazni</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-GHA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a></td> <td align="right">1,149,400</td> <td align="right">22,915</td> <td>Pashto, Dari</td> <td>19 districts</td> <td>South East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gh%C5%8Dr_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghōr Province">Ghor</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-GHO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaghcharan" title="Chaghcharan">Chaghcharan</a></td> <td align="right">646,300</td> <td align="right">36,479</td> <td>Dari, Pashto</td> <td>10 districts</td> <td>West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helmand_Province" title="Helmand Province">Helmand</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-HEL</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lashkar_Gah" title="Lashkar Gah">Lashkar Gah</a></td> <td align="right">1,441,769</td> <td align="right">58,584</td> <td>Pashto, Dari</td> <td>13 districts</td> <td>South West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Herat_Province" title="Herat Province">Herat</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-HER</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a></td> <td align="right">1,744,700</td> <td align="right">54,778</td> <td>Dari, Pashto, Turkmeni</td> <td>15 districts</td> <td>West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jowzjan_Province" title="Jowzjan Province">Jowzjan</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-JOW</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheberghan" title="Sheberghan">Sheberghan</a></td> <td align="right">503,100</td> <td align="right">11,798</td> <td>Uzbeki, Turkmeni, Pashto, Dari</td> <td>9 districts</td> <td>North West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kabul_Province" title="Kabul Province">Kabul</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">22</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-KAB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></td> <td align="right">3,691,400</td> <td align="right">4,462</td> <td>Dari, Turkmeni, Pashto, Uzbeki</td> <td>18 districts</td> <td>Central Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_Province" title="Kandahar Province">Kandahar</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-KAN</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a></td> <td align="right">1,127,000</td> <td align="right">54,022</td> <td>Pashto, Dari</td> <td>16 districts</td> <td>South East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kapisa_Province" title="Kapisa Province">Kapisa</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">29</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-KAP</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahmud-i-Raqi" title="Mahmud-i-Raqi">Mahmud-i-Raqi</a></td> <td align="right">413,000</td> <td align="right">1,842</td> <td>Dari, Pashto, <a href="/wiki/Pashayi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashayi language">Pashai</a></td> <td>7 districts</td> <td>Central Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khost_Province" title="Khost Province">Khost</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">26</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-KHO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khost" title="Khost">Khost</a></td> <td align="right">537,800</td> <td align="right">4,152</td> <td>Pashto</td> <td>13 districts</td> <td>South East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kunar_Province" title="Kunar Province">Kunar</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">34</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-KNR</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asadabad,_Afghanistan" title="Asadabad, Afghanistan">Asadabad</a></td> <td align="right">421,700</td> <td align="right">4,942</td> <td>Pashto</td> <td>15 districts</td> <td>North East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_Province" title="Kunduz Province">Kunduz</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-KDZ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Kunduz</a></td> <td align="right">935,600</td> <td align="right">8,040</td> <td>Pashto, Dari, Uzbeki, Turkmeni</td> <td>7 districts</td> <td>North East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laghman_Province" title="Laghman Province">Laghman</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">32</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-LAG</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mihtarlam" title="Mihtarlam">Mihtarlam</a></td> <td align="right">417,200</td> <td align="right">3,843</td> <td>Pashto, Pashai, Nuristani, Dari</td> <td>5 districts</td> <td>East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Logar_Province" title="Logar Province">Logar</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">23</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-LOW</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pul-i-Alam" title="Pul-i-Alam">Pul-i-Alam</a></td> <td align="right">367,000</td> <td align="right">3,880</td> <td>Pashto, Dari</td> <td>7 districts</td> <td>Central Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">33</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-NAN</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jalalabad,_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalalabad, Afghanistan">Jalalabad</a></td> <td align="right">1,409,600</td> <td align="right">7,727</td> <td>Pashto, Dari</td> <td>23 districts</td> <td>East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nimruz_Province" title="Nimruz Province">Nimruz</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-NIM</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaranj" title="Zaranj">Zaranj</a></td> <td align="right">153,900</td> <td align="right">41,005</td> <td>Balochi, Pashto, Dari</td> <td>5 districts</td> <td>South West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuristan_Province" title="Nuristan Province">Nuristan</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">31</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-NUR</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parun,_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parun, Afghanistan">Parun</a></td> <td align="right">138,600</td> <td align="right">9,225</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani</a>, Pashto</td> <td>7 districts</td> <td>North East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Or%C5%ABzg%C4%81n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Orūzgān Province">Oruzgan</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-ORU</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarin_Kowt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarin Kowt">Tarin Kowt</a></td> <td align="right">328,000</td> <td align="right">22,696</td> <td>Pashto, Dari</td> <td>6 districts</td> <td>Central Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paktia_Province" title="Paktia Province">Paktia</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">24</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-PIA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gardez,_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardez, Afghanistan">Gardez</a></td> <td align="right">516,300</td> <td align="right">6,432</td> <td>Pashto</td> <td>11 districts</td> <td>South East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paktika_Province" title="Paktika Province">Paktika</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">25</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-PKA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharan,_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharan, Afghanistan">Sharan</a></td> <td align="right">407,100</td> <td align="right">19,482</td> <td>Pashto</td> <td>15 districts</td> <td>South East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panjshir_Province" title="Panjshir Province">Panjshir</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">28</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-PAN</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bazarak,_Panjshir" class="mw-redirect" title="Bazarak, Panjshir">Bazarak</a></td> <td align="right">143,700</td> <td align="right">3,610</td> <td>Dari, Pashto</td> <td>5 districts<br />Created in 2004 from Parwan Province</td> <td>North East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parwan_Province" title="Parwan Province">Parwan</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-PAR</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charikar" title="Charikar">Charikar</a></td> <td align="right">620,900</td> <td align="right">5,974</td> <td>Dari, Pashto</td> <td>9 districts</td> <td>Central Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samangan_Province" title="Samangan Province">Samangan</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-SAM</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aybak" class="mw-redirect" title="Aybak">Aybak</a></td> <td align="right">362,500</td> <td align="right">11,262</td> <td>Dari, Uzbeki</td> <td>5 districts</td> <td>North West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sar-e_Pol_Province" title="Sar-e Pol Province">Sar-e Pol</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-SAR</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sar-e_Pol,_Afghanistan" title="Sar-e Pol, Afghanistan">Sar-e Pol</a></td> <td align="right">522,900</td> <td align="right">16,360</td> <td>Dari, Pashto, Uzbeki</td> <td>7 districts</td> <td>North West Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Takhar_Province" title="Takhar Province">Takhar</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">27</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-TAK</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taloqan" title="Taloqan">Taloqan</a></td> <td align="right">917,700</td> <td align="right">12,333</td> <td>Dari, Uzbeki, Pashto</td> <td>12 districts</td> <td>North East Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wardak_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Wardak Province">Wardak</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">21</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-WAR</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meydan_Shahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Meydan Shahr">Meydan Shahr</a></td> <td align="right">558,400</td> <td align="right">9,934</td> <td>Pashto, Dari</td> <td>9 districts</td> <td>Central Afghanistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zabul_Province" title="Zabul Province">Zabul</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:center;">AF-ZAB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qalat,_Zabul_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qalat, Zabul Province">Qalat</a></td> <td align="right">284,600</td> <td align="right">17,343</td> <td>Pashto</td> <td>9 districts</td> <td>South East Afghanistan </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_other_countries">Relationship with other countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: Relationship with other countries" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Relationship with other countries"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Russia's <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassador</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmitrij_Zjirnov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmitrij Zjirnov (not yet started)">Dmitrij Zjirnov</a>) had a meeting with representatives from Taliban on 18 August 2021; Russia's <a href="/wiki/Embassy" title="Embassy">embassy</a> was still in <a href="/wiki/Operation" class="mw-disambig" title="Operation">operation</a> (or open).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An "<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> [ <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a> or] <a href="/w/index.php?title=Envoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Envoy (not yet started)">envoy</a> to Qatar" had [at least one] <a href="/wiki/Meeting" title="Meeting">meeting</a> "with Taliban leader <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sher_Mohammad_Abbas_Stanekzai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanekzai (not yet started)">Stanekzai</a> in <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> in late August", media said.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>A United States "team led by" [then] "Deputy Special Representative <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom West (not yet started)">Tom West</a> and [a] top <a href="/wiki/USAID" class="mw-redirect" title="USAID">USAID</a> humanitarian official" had meetings, in Qatar in October 2021, with Afghanistani officials.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Subject" class="mw-disambig" title="Subject">subject</a> during the talks.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>'s ambassador visited Afghanistan - and had meetings with Taliban - during a two-day visit in the middle of January 2022. <a href="/wiki/Representative" class="mw-disambig" title="Representative">Representatives</a> of the Taliban leadership will come to Norway and meet diplomats from different countries, during 23.-25. January.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norway stopped (as of 2022's first quarter) supporting with money, the authorities of Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, Norwegian diplomats had at least two meetings with Taliban in Doha, in 2021's fourth quarter;<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The talks are about <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">humanitarian aid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evacuation" title="Evacuation">evacuation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mevlut_Cavusoglu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mevlut Cavusoglu (not yet started)">Turkey's foreign minister</a> had a meeting (in Turkey) with "a <a href="/wiki/Delegation" title="Delegation">delegation</a> led by" <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amir_Khan_Mutaqqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amir Khan Mutaqqi (not yet started)">foreign minister of Afghanistan</a>, in 2021's fourth quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomatic_missions_that_still_represent_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan">Diplomatic missions that still represent the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: Diplomatic missions that still represent the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Diplomatic missions that still represent the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The ambassador in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway did not <a href="/wiki/Recognition" title="Recognition">recognize</a> the Taliban-led government (as of 2021's fourth quarter).<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-disambig" title="Government of Afghanistan">Government of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Afghanistan" title="List of rivers of Afghanistan">List of rivers of Afghanistan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Change section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Notes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Demonym-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Demonym_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Other names that have been used as demonyms are <b>Afghani</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>Afghanistani</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akhundzada-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Akhundzada_11-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Akhundzada_11-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Taliban Supreme Commander <a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a> has no official position in the country's caretaker government, but is widely believed to wield ultimate authority and is expected to be given an official role soon.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724317"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-2">1.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/nazer/lifeandlearning_dari/story/2007/08/070830_ws-aep-pt-national-anthem.shtml">"BBCNazer.com | زندگى و آموزش | حرف های مردم: سرود ملی"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBCNazer.com+%7C+%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D9%89+%D9%88+%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4+%7C+%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81+%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%3A+%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF+%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnazer%2Flifeandlearning_dari%2Fstory%2F2007%2F08%2F070830_ws-aep-pt-national-anthem.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amirzai-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Amirzai_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFAmirzai" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Amirzai, Shafiq l. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817072227/https://rohi.af/news/35829">"د ملي سرود تاریخ | روهي"</a>. <i>Rohi.Af</i> (in Pashto). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rohi.af/news/35829">the original</a> on 17 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rohi.Af&rft.atitle=%D8%AF+%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF+%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE+%7C+%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D9%8A&rft.aulast=Amirzai&rft.aufirst=Shafiq+l&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frohi.af%2Fnews%2F35829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nunn.asia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nunn.asia_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nunn.asia/113730/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%86%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%84-%d8%b4%d9%88%db%8c/">"ملا فقیر محمد درویش د جهادي ترنم منل شوی سرخیل"</a>. <i>نن ټکی اسیا</i> (in Pashto). 16 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D9%86%D9%86+%D9%BC%DA%A9%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7+%D9%81%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4+%D8%AF+%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%85+%D9%85%D9%86%D9%84+%D8%B4%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%84&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nunn.asia%2F113730%2F%25d9%2585%25d9%2584%25d8%25a7-%25d9%2581%25d9%2582%25db%258c%25d8%25b1-%25d9%2585%25d8%25ad%25d9%2585%25d8%25af-%25d8%25af%25d8%25b1%25d9%2588%25db%258c%25d8%25b4-%25d8%25af-%25d8%25ac%25d9%2587%25d8%25a7%25d8%25af%25d9%258a-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b1%25d9%2586%25d9%2585-%25d9%2585%25d9%2586%25d9%2584-%25d8%25b4%25d9%2588%25db%258c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tharoor-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tharoor_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFTharoor2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Tharoor, Ishaan (19 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.time.com/2013/06/19/the-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed/">"The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Taliban%27s+Qatar+Office%3A+Are+Prospects+for+Peace+Already+Doomed%3F&rft.date=2013-06-19&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft.aulast=Tharoor&rft.aufirst=Ishaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworld.time.com%2F2013%2F06%2F19%2Fthe-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dictionary.com. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (not yet started)">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a>, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghani">Reference.com</a> (Retrieved 13 November 2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dictionary.com. <a href="/w/index.php?title=WordNet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WordNet (not yet started)">WordNet</a> 3.0. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghanistani">Reference.com</a> (Retrieved 13 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328102257/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghanistani">Archived</a> 28 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Constitution_of_Afghanistan-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_of_Afghanistan_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afghanembassy.us/about-afghanistan/constitution/">"Constitution of Afghanistan"</a>. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920112856/http://www.afghanembassy.us/about-afghanistan/constitution/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Afghanistan&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afghanembassy.us%2Fabout-afghanistan%2Fconstitution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/afghan"><i>Afghan | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary</i></a>. the Cambridge English Dictionary. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-66015-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-66015-1"><bdi>978-1-107-66015-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghan+%7C+meaning+in+the+Cambridge+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=the+Cambridge+English+Dictionary&rft.isbn=978-1-107-66015-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fafghan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFZucchino2021" class="citation news cs1">Zucchino, David (1 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-government-leader.html">"Shifting to Governing, Taliban Will Name Supreme Afghan Leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Shifting+to+Governing%2C+Taliban+Will+Name+Supreme+Afghan+Leader&rft.date=2021-09-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Zucchino&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F09%2F01%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fafghanistan-taliban-government-leader.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Central Statistics Office Afghanistan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Central Statistics Office Afghanistan, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_14-0">12.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_14-1">12.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_14-2">12.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_14-3">12.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=63&pr.y=8&sy=2018&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=">"Afghanistan"</a>. International Monetary Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghanistan&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2018%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D63%26pr.y%3D8%26sy%3D2018%26ey%3D2023%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D512%26s%3DNGDPD%252CPPPGDP%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wb-gini-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wb-gini_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140511044958/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI">"Gini Index"</a>. World Bank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/">the original</a> on 11 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+Index&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf"><i>Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-1-126442-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-1-126442-5"><bdi>978-92-1-126442-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2020+The+Next+Frontier%3A+Human+Development+and+the+Anthropocene&rft.pages=343-346&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft.isbn=978-92-1-126442-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_17-0">15.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_17-1">15.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160709035637/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html">"Afghanistan"</a>. <i>CIA - The World Factbook</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html">the original</a> on 9 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+-+The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Afghanistan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Faf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cso.gov.af-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cso.gov.af_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429231515/http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/2-2.pdf">"Settled Population by Province"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/2-2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Settled+Population+by+Province&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcso.gov.af%2FContent%2Ffiles%2F2-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.news18.com/news/world/un-rights-body-agrees-to-establish-investigator-on-afghanistan-4297415.html">https://www.news18.com/news/world/un-rights-body-agrees-to-establish-investigator-on-afghanistan-4297415.html</a>. Retrieved 7 October 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/afghanistan/overview">https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/afghanistan/overview</a>. Retrieved 2024-07-29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/china-afghanistan-mes-aynak-copper-mining/33050447.html">https://www.rferl.org/a/china-afghanistan-mes-aynak-copper-mining/33050447.html</a>. Retrieved 2024-07-26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ngk-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ngk_22-0">20.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ngk_22-1">20.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ngk_22-2">20.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811050151/http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/kids/places/find/afghanistan/">"Afghanistan Facts and Pictures"</a>. <i>National Geographic Kids</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/kids/places/find/afghanistan/">the original</a> on 11 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+Kids&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+Facts+and+Pictures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkids.nationalgeographic.com%2Fkids%2Fplaces%2Ffind%2Fafghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Afghanistan." Britannica Student Library. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427053700/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact90/world12.txt">"The World Factbok – Afghanistan"</a>. <i>The World Factbook/Central Intelligence Agency</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a>. 15 October 1991. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact90/world12.txt">the original</a> on 27 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2011</span>. <q><i>_#_Ethnic divisions: Pashtun 50%...</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook%2FCentral+Intelligence+Agency&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbok+%E2%80%93+Afghanistan&rft.date=1991-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umsl.edu%2Fservices%2Fgovdocs%2Fwofact90%2Fworld12.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/world/2001/war_on_terror/key_maps/ethnic_pashtun.stm">"Ethnic groups"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2013</span>. <q>Pashtun: Estimated to be in excess of 45% of the population, the Pashtuns have been the most dominant ethnic group in Afghanistan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ethnic+groups&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fenglish%2Fstatic%2Fin_depth%2Fworld%2F2001%2Fwar_on_terror%2Fkey_maps%2Fethnic_pashtun.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170607234625/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af">"Afghan Population: 30,419,928 [Pashtun 42%]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA)</i>. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af">the original</a> on 7 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Intelligence+Agency+%28CIA%29&rft.atitle=Afghan+Population%3A+30%2C419%2C928+%5BPashtun+42%25%5D&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2119.html%3FcountryName%3DAfghanistan%26countryCode%3Daf%26regionCode%3Dsas%26%23af&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJandaJeffrey_M._Berry_and_Jerry_Goldman2008" class="citation book cs1">Janda, Kenneth; Jeffrey M. Berry and Jerry Goldman (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_WlzlY9dv74C&pg=PA46"><i>The Challenge of Democracy: Government in America</i></a> (9 ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 46 of 647. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-81017-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-81017-8"><bdi>978-0-618-81017-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Challenge+of+Democracy%3A+Government+in+America&rft.pages=46+of+647&rft.edition=9&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-618-81017-8&rft.aulast=Janda&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Jeffrey+M.+Berry+and+Jerry+Goldman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_WlzlY9dv74C%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121120225356/http://old.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=237210">"Afghanistan's complex ethnic patchwork"</a>. <i>The Asian Wall Street Journal</i>. 10 March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=237210">the original</a> on 20 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Asian+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%27s+complex+ethnic+patchwork&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.tehrantimes.com%2Findex_View.asp%3Fcode%3D237210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faqs.org/minorities/South-Asia/Pathans.html">"Pathans"</a>. Faqs.org. 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Afghanistan+-+Ethnic+Divisions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afghanistans.com%2FInformation%2Fdefaulf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFChristensen1995" class="citation book cs1">Christensen, Asger (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7LKS93lbSM0C&pg=PA46"><i>Aiding Afghanistan: the background and prospects for reconstruction in a fragmented society</i></a>. NIAS Press. p. 46 of 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-87062-44-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-87062-44-2"><bdi>978-87-87062-44-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aiding+Afghanistan%3A+the+background+and+prospects+for+reconstruction+in+a+fragmented+society&rft.pages=46+of+170&rft.pub=NIAS+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-87-87062-44-2&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Asger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7LKS93lbSM0C%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qImZpu07_UEC&pg=PA10088"><i>Congressional Record</i></a>. Government Printing Office. 1949. p. 10088. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780160118449" title="Special:BookSources/9780160118449"><bdi>9780160118449</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Congressional+Record&rft.pages=10088&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1949&rft.isbn=9780160118449&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqImZpu07_UEC%26pg%3DPA10088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorAbraham_Kim2000" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, William J. Jr.; Abraham Kim (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=peTWtThUljQC&pg=PA58"><i>Asian Security to the Year 2000</i></a>. DIANE Publishing. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4289-1368-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4289-1368-4"><bdi>978-1-4289-1368-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Security+to+the+Year+2000&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-4289-1368-4&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=William+J.+Jr.&rft.au=Abraham+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpeTWtThUljQC%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBrownSarah_Ogilvie2009" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Keith; Sarah Ogilvie (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA845"><i>Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world</i></a>. Elsevie. p. 845. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-087774-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-087774-7"><bdi>978-0-08-087774-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2010</span>. <q><i>Pashto, which is mainly spoken south of the mountain range of the Hindu Kush, is reportedly the mother tongue of 60% of the Afghan population.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+encyclopedia+of+languages+of+the+world&rft.pages=845&rft.pub=Elsevie&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-08-087774-7&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Sarah+Ogilvie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF2SRqDzB50wC%26pg%3DPA845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHawthorneBronwyn_Winter2002" class="citation book cs1">Hawthorne, Susan; Bronwyn Winter (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DwbfD_irV_AC&pg=PA225"><i>11 September 2001: feminist perspectives</i></a>. Spinifex Press. p. 225 of 500. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-876756-27-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-876756-27-7"><bdi>978-1-876756-27-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2010</span>. <q><i>Over 60 percent of the population in Afghanistan is Pashtun, known locally as Pathan, who by and large support the Taliban.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=11+September+2001%3A+feminist+perspectives&rft.pages=225+of+500&rft.pub=Spinifex+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-876756-27-7&rft.aulast=Hawthorne&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Bronwyn+Winter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDwbfD_irV_AC%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205235855/http://www.hewad.com/ethnic.htm">"The ethnic composition of afghanistan in different sources"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hewad.com/ethnic.htm">the original</a> on 5 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ethnic+composition+of+afghanistan+in+different+sources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hewad.com%2Fethnic.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Brit-Tajik-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Brit-Tajik_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/581024/Tajik">"Tajik"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2011</span>. <q>There were about 5,000,000 in Afghanistan, where they constituted about one-fifth of the population.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tajik&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F581024%2FTajik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_LeydenWilliam_Erskine1921" class="citation web cs1">John Leyden; William Erskine, eds. (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114042010/http://persian.packhum.org/persian//pf?file=03501051&ct=92">"Events Of The Year 910 (1525)"</a>. <i>Memoirs of Babur</i>. Packard Humanities Institute. p. 5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://persian.packhum.org/persian//pf?file=03501051&ct=92">the original</a> on 14 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+Babur&rft.atitle=Events+Of+The+Year+910+%281525%29&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1921&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpersian.packhum.org%2Fpersian%2F%2Fpf%3Ffile%3D03501051%26ct%3D92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Tajik." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AO-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AO_28-0">26.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AO_28-1">26.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131028065437/http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html#preamble">"Article Sixteen of the Constitution of Afghanistan"</a>. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html#preamble">the original</a> on 28 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2012</span>. <q>From among the languages of Pashto, Dari, Uzbeki, Turkmani, Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristani, Pamiri (alsana), Arab and other languages spoken in the country, <b>Pashto and Dari are the official languages of the state.</b></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+Sixteen+of+the+Constitution+of+Afghanistan&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afghan-web.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcurrent_constitution.html%23preamble&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">[Encyclopedia Britannica, Afghanistan History. Retrieved 26 January 2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/7798/Afghanistan/129450/History#ref=ref261360">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/7798/Afghanistan/129450/History#ref=ref261360</a>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hiebert, F., Cambon, P., 2008, AFGHANISTAN Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul, page 56, Washington, National Geographic, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0295-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0295-7">978-1-4262-0295-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hiebert, F., Cambon, P., 2008, AFGHANISTAN Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul, page 58, Washington, National Geographic, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0295-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0295-7">978-1-4262-0295-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hiebert, F., Cambon, P., 2008, AFGHANISTAN Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul, page 73, Washington, National Geographic, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0295-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0295-7">978-1-4262-0295-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">[R. Ghirshman, L’Iran et la migration des Indo-aryens et des Iraniens, Leiden, 1977.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">[Encyclopedia Iranica, IRANIAN IDENTITY ii. PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD. Retrieved 14 October 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iranica.com/articles/iranian-identity-ii-pre-islamic-period">http://www.iranica.com/articles/iranian-identity-ii-pre-islamic-period</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101208214205/http://www.iranica.com/articles/iranian-identity-ii-pre-islamic-period">Archived</a> 2010-12-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/zoroaster-ii-general-survey">"ZOROASTER ii. GENERAL SURVEY – Encyclopaedia Iranica"</a>. <i>iranicaonline.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=ZOROASTER+ii.+GENERAL+SURVEY+%E2%80%93+Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fzoroaster-ii-general-survey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLudden2013" class="citation book cs1">Ludden, David (1 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EbFHAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA29&redir_esc=y"><i>India and South Asia: A Short History</i></a>. Oneworld Publications. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78074-108-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78074-108-6"><bdi>978-1-78074-108-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+and+South+Asia%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2013-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-78074-108-6&rft.aulast=Ludden&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.in%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEbFHAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA29%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFDikshitar1952" class="citation book cs1">Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.in/books/about/The_Gupta_Polity.html?id=jbMlAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y"><i>The Gupta Polity</i></a>. University of Madras. pp. 81–82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gupta+Polity&rft.pages=81-82&rft.pub=University+of+Madras&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Dikshitar&rft.aufirst=V.+R.+Ramachandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.in%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FThe_Gupta_Polity.html%3Fid%3DjbMlAAAAMAAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/851961/ancient-Iran">"ancient Iran"</a>. <i>Britannica Online Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ancient+Iran&rft.btitle=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F851961%2Fancient-Iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=493bae8ab2c54a96af9b8bbc1e844771">"Alexander the Great in Afghanistan"</a>. <i>www.arcgis.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.arcgis.com&rft.atitle=Alexander+the+Great+in+Afghanistan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcgis.com%2Fapps%2FCascade%2Findex.html%3Fappid%3D493bae8ab2c54a96af9b8bbc1e844771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">[Encyclopedia Iranica, BUDDHISM i. In Pre-Islamic Times. Retrieved 12 September 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://iranica.com/articles/buddhism-i">http://iranica.com/articles/buddhism-i</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101201181222/http://iranica.com/articles/buddhism-i">Archived</a> 1 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Afghanistan." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houtsma-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Houtsma_42-0">40.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Houtsma_42-1">40.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHoutsma1987" class="citation book cs1">Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GEl6N2tQeawC&pg=PA151"><i>E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936</i></a>. Vol. 2. BRILL. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08265-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08265-6"><bdi>978-90-04-08265-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=E.J.+Brill%27s+first+encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+1913%E2%80%931936&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-90-04-08265-6&rft.aulast=Houtsma&rft.aufirst=Martijn+Theodoor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGEl6N2tQeawC%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Habibi-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Habibi_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alamahabibi.com/English%20Articles/Afghan_and_Afghanistan.htm">"Afghan and Afghanistan"</a>. <i>Abdul Hai Habibi</i>. alamahabibi.com. 1969<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abdul+Hai+Habibi&rft.atitle=Afghan+and+Afghanistan&rft.date=1969&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alamahabibi.com%2FEnglish%2520Articles%2FAfghan_and_Afghanistan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EI_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cJQ3AAAAIAAJ"><i>"Khurasan", The Encyclopaedia of Islam, page 55</i></a>. Brill. 1967<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2010</span>. <q><i>In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, the term "Khurassan" frequently had a much wider denotation, covering also parts of what are now Soviet Central Asia and Afghanistan; early Islamic usage often regarded everywhere east of western Persia, sc. Djibal or what was subsequently termed 'Irak 'Adjami, as being included in a vast and ill-defined region of Khurasan, which might even extend to the Indus Valley and Sind.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Khurasan%22%2C+The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+page+55.&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcJQ3AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/316850/Khorasan">"Khorasan"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2010</span>. <q><i>historical region and realm comprising a vast territory now lying in northeastern Iran, southern Turkmenistan, and northern Afghanistan. The historical region extended, along the north, from the Amu Darya (Oxus River) westward to the Caspian Sea and, along the south, from the fringes of the central Iranian deserts eastward to the mountains of central Afghanistan. Arab geographers even spoke of its extending to the boundaries of <a href="/wiki/Hindustan" class="mw-disambig" title="Hindustan">India</a>.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Khorasan&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F316850%2FKhorasan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lorentz, J. Historical Dictionary of Iran. 1995 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-2994-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-2994-7">978-0-8108-2994-7</a> AFGHANISTAN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">From the Alleyways of Samarkand to the Mediterranean Coast (The Evolution of the World of Child and Adolescent Literature,Afghanistan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poopak_Niktalab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poopak Niktalab (not yet started)">Poopak Niktalab</a> , printed 2019 , Faradid Publishing</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/amrullah-saleh-is-mounting-an-anti-taliban-front-from-afghanistans-panjshir-his-birth-land-4100060.html">https://www.news18.com/news/india/amrullah-saleh-is-mounting-an-anti-taliban-front-from-afghanistans-panjshir-his-birth-land-4100060.html</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=CNN-News18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CNN-News18 (not yet started)">CNN-News18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/pakistan-five-terrorists-killed-while-attempting-to-infiltrate-from-afghanistan20250119211850/">"Pakistan: Five terrorists killed while attempting to infiltrate from Afghanistan"</a>. <i>ANI News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANI+News&rft.atitle=Pakistan%3A+Five+terrorists+killed+while+attempting+to+infiltrate+from+Afghanistan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aninews.in%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fpakistan-five-terrorists-killed-while-attempting-to-infiltrate-from-afghanistan20250119211850%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/2523212/infiltration-bid-from-afghan-border-foiled">"Infiltration bid from Afghan border foiled"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Express_Tribune" title="The Express Tribune">The Express Tribune</a>. 20 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Infiltration+bid+from+Afghan+border+foiled&rft.date=2025-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F2523212%2Finfiltration-bid-from-afghan-border-foiled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/south-asia/taliban-kabul-explosion-pakistan-attack-latest-b2671133.html">"At least 10 Taliban fighters killed in Kabul ministry attack"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 29 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=At+least+10+Taliban+fighters+killed+in+Kabul+ministry+attack&rft.date=2024-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fasia%2Fsouth-asia%2Ftaliban-kabul-explosion-pakistan-attack-latest-b2671133.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald2024" class="citation news cs1">Fitzgerald, Chris (29 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asiatimes.com/2024/10/taliban-2-0-losing-its-grip-on-afghanistan/">"Taliban 2.0 losing its grip on Afghanistan"</a>. The Asia Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Taliban+2.0+losing+its+grip+on+Afghanistan&rft.date=2024-10-29&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasiatimes.com%2F2024%2F10%2Ftaliban-2-0-losing-its-grip-on-afghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TI-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TI_53-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016">"Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 Results"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency International (not yet started)">Transparency International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170125040730/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corruption+Perceptions+Index+2016+Results&rft.pub=Transparency+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparency.org%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2Fcorruption_perceptions_index_2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">References and details on data provided in the table can be found within the individual provincial articles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AF" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-2:AF">ISO 3166-2:AF</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">3166-2</a> codes for the provinces of Afghanistan)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619071838/http://cso.gov.af/en/page/6070">"Population Estimation 2011 - 12 - Central Statistics Organization"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cso.gov.af/en/page/6070">the original</a> on 19 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Estimation+2011+-+12+-+Central+Statistics+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcso.gov.af%2Fen%2Fpage%2F6070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJentoft2021" class="citation web cs1">Jentoft, Morten (18 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/urix/ashraf-ghani-flyktet-_-hvor-mye-penger-fikk-han-med-seg_-1.15614004">"Ashraf Ghani flyktet – hvor mye penger fikk han med seg?"</a>. NRK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ashraf+Ghani+flyktet+%E2%80%93+hvor+mye+penger+fikk+han+med+seg%3F&rft.pub=NRK&rft.date=2021-08-18&rft.aulast=Jentoft&rft.aufirst=Morten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Furix%2Fashraf-ghani-flyktet-_-hvor-mye-penger-fikk-han-med-seg_-1.15614004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/afghanistan-situation-worsen-humanitarian-crisis-lack-of-governance-india-ready-shringla-4305527.html">"Afghanistan Situation Can Worsen Due to Humanitarian Crisis, Lack of Governance, India Must Be Ready: Shringla"</a>. <i>News18</i>. 9 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News18&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+Situation+Can+Worsen+Due+to+Humanitarian+Crisis%2C+Lack+of+Governance%2C+India+Must+Be+Ready%3A+Shringla&rft.date=2021-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news18.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fafghanistan-situation-worsen-humanitarian-crisis-lack-of-governance-india-ready-shringla-4305527.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.news18.com/news/world/moscow-talks-on-wednesday-india-to-come-face-to-face-with-taliban-for-the-second-time-4340747.html">https://www.news18.com/news/world/moscow-talks-on-wednesday-india-to-come-face-to-face-with-taliban-for-the-second-time-4340747.html</a>. Retrieved 20 October 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news18.com/news/world/taliban-warn-us-not-to-destabilise-regime-in-face-to-face-talks-4305626.html">"Taliban Warn US Not to 'Destabilise' Regime in Face-to-face Talks"</a>. <i>News18</i>. 9 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News18&rft.atitle=Taliban+Warn+US+Not+to+%27Destabilise%27+Regime+in+Face-to-face+Talks&rft.date=2021-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news18.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Ftaliban-warn-us-not-to-destabilise-regime-in-face-to-face-talks-4305626.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news18.com/news/world/un-chief-antonio-guterres-slams-broken-taliban-promises-made-to-women-and-girls-4312271.html">"UN Chief Antonio Guterres Slams 'Broken' Taliban Promises Made to Women and Girls"</a>. <i>News18</i>. 11 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News18&rft.atitle=UN+Chief+Antonio+Guterres+Slams+%27Broken%27+Taliban+Promises+Made+to+Women+and+Girls&rft.date=2021-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news18.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fun-chief-antonio-guterres-slams-broken-taliban-promises-made-to-women-and-girls-4312271.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Taliban kommer til Norge for å forhandle". Vg.no</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_63-0">61.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_63-1">61.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">"Taliban besøker Norge". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nrk (not yet started)">Nrk</a>.no</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://direkte.vg.no/nyhetsdognet/news/her-moetes-norge-og-taliban.FL_MnNT_M?utm_source=vgfront&utm_content=hovedlopet_row36_pos1">"Her møtes Norge og Taliban – VG Nå: Nyhetsdøgnet"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Her+m%C3%B8tes+Norge+og+Taliban+%E2%80%93+VG+N%C3%A5%3A+Nyhetsd%C3%B8gnet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirekte.vg.no%2Fnyhetsdognet%2Fnews%2Fher-moetes-norge-og-taliban.FL_MnNT_M%3Futm_source%3Dvgfront%26utm_content%3Dhovedlopet_row36_pos1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/QaharBalkhi/status/1453411486257369103">"Today IEA Foreign Minister H.E. Mawlawi Amir Khan Muttaqi met with Norwegian embassy members"</a>. <i>Twitter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=Today+IEA+Foreign+Minister+H.E.+Mawlawi+Amir+Khan+Muttaqi+met+with+Norwegian+embassy+members.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FQaharBalkhi%2Fstatus%2F1453411486257369103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://direkte.vg.no/nyhetsdognet/news/norske-diplomater-traff-taliban-foer-helgen.vqVOdz8WD">"Norske diplomater traff Taliban før helgen – VG Nå: Nyhetsdøgnet"</a>. <i>VG Nå</i> (in Norwegian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VG+N%C3%A5&rft.atitle=Norske+diplomater+traff+Taliban+f%C3%B8r+helgen+%E2%80%93+VG+N%C3%A5%3A+Nyhetsd%C3%B8gnet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirekte.vg.no%2Fnyhetsdognet%2Fnews%2Fnorske-diplomater-traff-taliban-foer-helgen.vqVOdz8WD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vg.no/i/x8edMR">"Afghanistans ambassadør: Vesten skylder oss en avtale"</a>. <i>www.vg.no</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål). 21 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vg.no&rft.atitle=Afghanistans+ambassad%C3%B8r%3A+Vesten+skylder+oss+en+avtale&rft.date=2021-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg.no%2Fi%2Fx8edMR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news18.com/news/world/taliban-want-to-help-afghans-who-fled-to-turkey-to-return-home-turkish-minister-says-4323596.html">"Taliban Want to Help Afghans Who Fled to Turkey to Return Home, Turkish Minister Says"</a>. <i>News18</i>. 14 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News18&rft.atitle=Taliban+Want+to+Help+Afghans+Who+Fled+to+Turkey+to+Return+Home%2C+Turkish+Minister+Says&rft.date=2021-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news18.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Ftaliban-want-to-help-afghans-who-fled-to-turkey-to-return-home-turkish-minister-says-4323596.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vg.no/i/JxvJrm">"Norges ukjente rolle i Taliban-forhandlingene"</a>. <i>www.vg.no</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål). 19 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vg.no&rft.atitle=Norges+ukjente+rolle+i+Taliban-forhandlingene&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg.no%2Fi%2FJxvJrm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" class="extiw" title="commons:افغانستان">افغانستان</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671870"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671876"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide about: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Afghanistan" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/afghanistan-virtual-jewish-history-tour">"Afghanistan Virtual Jewish History Tour"</a>. <i>Alden Oreck</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alden+Oreck&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+Virtual+Jewish+History+Tour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fafghanistan-virtual-jewish-history-tour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afghanstudiescenter.org/">Afghan Studies Center</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912004104/http://afghanstudiescenter.org/">Archived</a> 2021-09-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Countries</a> and territories of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afghanistan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>2</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="People's Republic of China">China (PRC)</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a><sup>5</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><sup>3</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a><sup>3</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup>1</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Taiwan (ROC)</a><sup>4</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a><sup>5</sup>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>1. Includes territory in both <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. 2. Usually thought of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> for <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">political</a> and <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">historical</a> reasons. 3. Special territories. 4. Disputed territories. 5. Claimed by the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205406/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121677801">ISNI</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000449050535">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/253870196">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjXpC7xxDYf4fj9jQq4v3">WorldCat Entities</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450563">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11987818g">France</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238303m">2</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11930839q">3</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11987818g">BnF data</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238303m">2</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11930839q">3</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span 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