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skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kotak pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Laman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Kedai_Kopi" title="Tentang projek, perkara yang anda dapat lakukan, tempat untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Buku rawak</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kandungan" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Resipi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Resipi"><span>Resipi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikibooks.svg" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikibuku" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikibooks-wordmark-ms.svg" style="width: 6.125em; height: 0.875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikibooks-tagline-ms.svg" width="121" height="9" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.5625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari Wikibuku [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Kotak carian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikibuku" aria-label="Cari Wikibuku" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari Wikibuku [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikibooks.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Menderma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Laman+Utama" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Laman+Utama" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikibooks.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Laman+Utama" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Laman+Utama" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Laman Utama</span></h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Laman utama</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Laman_Utama" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laman_Utama&action=edit" title="Laman ini dilindungi. Anda boleh melihat sumbernya. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Lihat sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laman_Utama&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laman_Utama&action=edit"><span>Lihat sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laman_Utama&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Laman_Utama" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Laman_Utama" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laman_Utama&oldid=12574" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laman_Utama&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Laman_Utama&id=12574&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FLaman_Utama"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FLaman_Utama"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Laman+Utama"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Laman_Utama&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laman_Utama&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-foundation mw-list-item"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Home" hreflang="en"><span>Yayasan Wikimedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" hreflang="en"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-outreach mw-list-item"><a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Capaian Wikimedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-sources mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisumber Berbilang Bahasa</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispesies</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikidata mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikidata</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifungsi</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikimania badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimania</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" hreflang="ms"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikisource.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" hreflang="ms"><span>Wikisumber</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" hreflang="ms"><span>Wikikamus</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5296" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikibuku</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><div style="background: #F0F8FF; padding: 0.5em 2.5em; border-top: 0.5em solid #36b; flex-direction: row; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"> <div style="flex-direction: row; display: flex;"> <div style="flex-direction: column; display: flex; justify-content: space-around;"> <div style="margin-right: 2em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikibooks-logo-ms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wikibooks-logo-ms.svg/200px-Wikibooks-logo-ms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wikibooks-logo-ms.svg/300px-Wikibooks-logo-ms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wikibooks-logo-ms.svg/400px-Wikibooks-logo-ms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </p> </div> </div> <div> <div style="font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em;"> <p>Selamat Datang ke <span style="color:#595959;">WIKI</span><span style="color:#8c8c8c;">BUKU</span> </p> </div> <div style="margin-top: -1em; font-variant: small-caps;"> <p>buku <a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandungan_bebas" class="extiw" title="w:Kandungan bebas">bebas</a> yang <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Selamat_datang" title="Wikibuku:Selamat datang">boleh disunting<br />oleh sesiapa sahaja</a>. </p> </div> <div style="margin-top: -0.5em; font-variant: small-caps;"> <p><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.m.wikibooks.org">Versi mudah alih</a> − <a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/wiki/Laman_Utama">Capaian selamat</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div style="text-align: right;"> <div style="font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em;"> <p>سلامت داتڠ ک<span style="color:#595959;">ويکي</span><span style="color:#8c8c8c;">بوکو</span> </p> </div> <div style="margin-top: -1em; font-variant: small-caps;"> <p>kini, terdapat <b><a href="/wiki/Khas:Statistik" title="Khas:Statistik">316</a></b> buku <b><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu" title="Bahasa Melayu">berbahasa Melayu</a></b> di <a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikibuku" class="extiw" title="w:Wikibuku">Wikibuku</a>. </p> </div> <div style="margin-top: -0.5em; font-variant: small-caps;"> <p>Khamis, 21 November 2024, 09:15 (<a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC" class="extiw" title="w:UTC">UTC</a>) </p> </div> </div> </div> <div style="text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Perihal" title="Wikibuku:Perihal"><span style="color:#0645AD">Pengenalan</span></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Selamat_datang" title="Wikibuku:Selamat datang"><span style="color:#0645AD">Pengguna baru?</span></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Polisi_dan_garis_panduan" title="Wikibuku:Polisi dan garis panduan"><span style="color:#0645AD">Dasar dan garis panduan</span></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Portal_Masyarakat" title="Wikibuku:Portal Masyarakat"><span style="color:#0645AD">gerbang komuniti</span></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Kedai_Kopi" title="Wikibuku:Kedai Kopi"><span style="color:#0645AD">bilik bacaan</span></a> <b>·</b> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/DonateNonJS/en"><span style="color:#0645AD">derma</span></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Resipi:Utama" title="Resipi:Utama"><span style="color:#0645AD">resipi</span></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Pengelasan_abjad" title="Wikibuku:Pengelasan abjad"><span style="color:#0645AD">semua buku</span></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Khas:Rawak"><span style="color:#0645AD">buku rawak</span></a> </span></p> </div> <table class="plainlinks" style="margin-top:10px; background:none; font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:67%; border:1px solid #a7d7f9; background:#ffffff; vertical-align:top; color:#000; padding: 0px 10px 10px 0px; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px;"> <div class="nomobile"> </div><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div style="text-align:left; position:relative; left:4px; top:2px; margin:0;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Bluebg_rounded.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="25" /></span></span> </p> <div style="position:absolute; left:5px; top:-6px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/HSPortal.svg/38px-HSPortal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/HSPortal.svg/57px-HSPortal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/HSPortal.svg/76px-HSPortal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="156" /></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:-6px;"><h2 id="Bahagian" style="font-weight:bold; border-bottom:none; font-size:130%; padding:.15em .4em;">Bahagian</h2></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="padding-left:10px; padding-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px;"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position: relative; width: 40px; height: 40px; overflow: hidden"><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">   </a></div><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Laman Utama"><img alt="Laman Utama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png/40px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png/60px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png/80px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td style="font-size:95%"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Pusat_sains_tulen" title="Wikibuku:Pusat sains tulen">Bahagian Sains Semula Jadi</a></b></center> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_biologi" title="Wikibuku:Rak biologi">Biologi</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibuku:Rak_fizik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikibuku:Rak fizik (laman tidak wujud)">Fizik</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibuku:Rak_kejuruteraan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikibuku:Rak kejuruteraan (laman tidak wujud)">Kejuruteraan</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibuku:Rak_matematik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikibuku:Rak matematik (laman tidak wujud)">Matematik</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibuku:Rak_sains_kesihatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikibuku:Rak sains kesihatan (laman tidak wujud)">Sains kesihatan</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibuku:Rak_sains_semula_jadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikibuku:Rak sains semula jadi (laman tidak wujud)">Sains semula jadi</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position: relative; width: 40px; height: 40px; overflow: hidden"><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">   </a></div><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Laman Utama"><img alt="Laman Utama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png/40px-Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png/60px-Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png/80px-Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Pusat_sains_sosial" title="Wikibuku:Pusat sains sosial">Bahagian Sains Sosial</a></b></center> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_bahasa" title="Wikibuku:Rak bahasa">Bahasa</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_ekonomi_dan_perniagaan" title="Wikibuku:Rak ekonomi dan perniagaan">Ekonomi dan perniagaan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_pendidikan" title="Wikibuku:Rak pendidikan">Pendidikan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_perundangan" title="Wikibuku:Rak perundangan">Undang-undang</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_sains_sosial" title="Wikibuku:Rak sains sosial">Sains sosial</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position: relative; width: 40px; height: 40px; overflow: hidden"><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">   </a></div><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Nuvola_apps_display.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Laman Utama"><img alt="Laman Utama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_display.png/40px-Nuvola_apps_display.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_display.png/60px-Nuvola_apps_display.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_display.png/80px-Nuvola_apps_display.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td style="font-size:95%"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Pusat_teknologi_komputer" title="Wikibuku:Pusat teknologi komputer">Bahagian Komputeran</a></b></center> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_perisian_komputer" title="Wikibuku:Rak perisian komputer">Perisian komputer</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibuku:Rak_sains_komputer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikibuku:Rak sains komputer (laman tidak wujud)">Sains komputer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_teknologi_maklumat" title="Wikibuku:Rak teknologi maklumat">Teknologi maklumat</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_bahasa_pengaturcaraan" title="Wikibuku:Rak bahasa pengaturcaraan">Bahasa pengaturcaraan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_bahasa_domain-khusus" title="Wikibuku:Rak bahasa domain-khusus">Bahasa domain-khusus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_permainan_komputer" title="Wikibuku:Rak permainan komputer">Permainan elektronik</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position: relative; width: 40px; height: 40px; overflow: hidden"><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">   </a></div><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Laman Utama"><img alt="Laman Utama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png/40px-Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png/60px-Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png 1.5x, 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title="FOSS Pengenalan Am/Lampiran Annex II: Lesen-Lesen Perisian">FOSS Pengenalan Am/Lampiran Annex II: Lesen-Lesen Perisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSS_Pengenalan_Am/Linux" title="FOSS Pengenalan Am/Linux">FOSS Pengenalan Am/Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSS_Pengenalan_Am/Mengapa_FOSS%3F" title="FOSS Pengenalan Am/Mengapa FOSS?">FOSS Pengenalan Am/Mengapa FOSS?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSS_Pengenalan_Am/Pengenalan" title="FOSS Pengenalan Am/Pengenalan">FOSS Pengenalan Am/Pengenalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSS_Pengenalan_Am/Perihal_APDIP" title="FOSS Pengenalan Am/Perihal APDIP">FOSS Pengenalan Am/Perihal APDIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSS_Pengenalan_Am/Perihal_IOSN" title="FOSS Pengenalan Am/Perihal IOSN">FOSS Pengenalan Am/Perihal IOSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSS_Pengenalan_Am/Prakata" title="FOSS Pengenalan Am/Prakata">FOSS Pengenalan Am/Prakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik">Fonetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonetik/Pengenalan" title="Fonetik/Pengenalan">Fonetik/Pengenalan</a></li> <li class="allpagesredirect"><a href="/wiki/GFDL" class="mw-redirect" title="GFDL">GFDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galah_panjang" title="Galah panjang">Galah panjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasing" title="Gasing">Gasing</a></li> <li class="allpagesredirect"><a href="/wiki/HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML5/video" title="HTML5/video">HTML5/video</a></li> <li class="allpagesredirect"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-redirect" title="Halaman Utama">Halaman Utama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam/Adab_bergaul" title="Islam/Adab bergaul">Islam/Adab bergaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam/Adab_memakai_sepatu,_kasut_atau_sandal" title="Islam/Adab memakai sepatu, kasut atau sandal">Islam/Adab memakai sepatu, kasut atau sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript/Atur_cara_Pertama" title="JavaScript/Atur cara Pertama">JavaScript/Atur cara Pertama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript/DHTML" title="JavaScript/DHTML">JavaScript/DHTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript/Kata_Simpanan" title="JavaScript/Kata Simpanan">JavaScript/Kata Simpanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript/Manipulasi_Dokumen_Waktu_Jalan" title="JavaScript/Manipulasi Dokumen Waktu Jalan">JavaScript/Manipulasi Dokumen Waktu Jalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript/Meletakkan_Kod" title="JavaScript/Meletakkan Kod">JavaScript/Meletakkan Kod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript/Menambah_Unsur" title="JavaScript/Menambah Unsur">JavaScript/Menambah Unsur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript/Mencari_Unsur" title="JavaScript/Mencari Unsur">JavaScript/Mencari Unsur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript/Mengubah_Gaya_Unsur" title="JavaScript/Mengubah Gaya Unsur">JavaScript/Mengubah Gaya Unsur</a></li> 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title="OpenGL/Cara melakar segitiga dengan mengunakan openGL">OpenGL/Cara melakar segitiga dengan mengunakan openGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenGL/Contoh_Asas_Open_GL" title="OpenGL/Contoh Asas Open GL">OpenGL/Contoh Asas Open GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenGL/Contoh_Program_Penuh_GLUT_Menggunakan_OpenGL" title="OpenGL/Contoh Program Penuh GLUT Menggunakan OpenGL">OpenGL/Contoh Program Penuh GLUT Menggunakan OpenGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenGL/Empat_subwindows" title="OpenGL/Empat subwindows">OpenGL/Empat subwindows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenGL/Kiub_Berputar" title="OpenGL/Kiub Berputar">OpenGL/Kiub Berputar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenGL/Kiub_berputar_warna-warni" title="OpenGL/Kiub berputar warna-warni">OpenGL/Kiub berputar warna-warni</a></li> <li class="allpagesredirect"><a href="/wiki/OpenGL/OpenGL_-_Kiub_Berputar_Warna_Warni" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenGL/OpenGL - Kiub Berputar Warna Warni">OpenGL/OpenGL - Kiub Berputar Warna Warni</a></li> <li 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Bluebg_rounded.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="25" /></span></span> </p> <div style="position:absolute; left:5px; top:-6px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/HSEarth.svg/38px-HSEarth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/HSEarth.svg/57px-HSEarth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/HSEarth.svg/76px-HSEarth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="156" /></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:-6px;"><h2 id="Wikibuku_dalam_bahasa_lain" style="font-weight:bold; border-bottom:none; font-size:130%; padding:.15em .4em;">Wikibuku dalam bahasa lain</h2></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="padding-left:10px; padding-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px;"><small> </small><div align="left"><small> <ul><li>Wikibuku yang mempunyai lebih 10,000 modul buku teks:</li></ul> <div style="font-size:110%; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em;"> <p><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="en:">Inggeris</a> • <a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="de:">Jerman</a> </p> </div> <ul><li>Wikibuku yang mempunyai lebih 1,000 modul buku teks:</li></ul> <div style="font-size:105%; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em;"> <p><a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="es:">Sepanyol</a> • <a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fr:">Perancis</a> • <a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="he:">Ibrani</a> • <a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="hu:">Hungary</a> • <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="it:">Itali</a> • <a href="https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ja:">Jepun</a> • <a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="nl:">Belanda</a> • <a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="pl:">Poland</a> • <a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="pt:">Portugis</a> </p> </div> <ul><li>Wikibuku yang mempunyai lebih 100 modul buku teks:</li></ul> <div style="font-size:100%; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em;"> <p><a href="https://ar.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ar:">Arab</a> • <a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="id:">Indonesia</a> • <a href="https://bg.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bg:">Bulgaria</a> • <a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ca:">Catalan</a> • <a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh:">Cina</a> • <a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="cs:">Czech</a> • <a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="da:">Denmark</a> • <a href="https://ang.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ang:">Inggeris Lama</a> • <a href="https://eo.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="eo:">Esperanto</a> • <a href="https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fa:">Parsi</a> • <a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="gl:">Galicia</a> • <a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ko:">Korea</a> • <a href="https://is.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="is:">Iceland</a> • <a href="https://lt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="lt:">Lithuania</a> • <a href="https://mk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mk:">Macedonia</a> • <a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="no:">Norway</a> • <a href="https://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ru:">Rusia</a> • <a href="https://sr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sr:">Serbia</a> • <a href="https://sq.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sq:">Albania</a> • <a href="https://sk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sk:">Slovakia</a> • <a href="https://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fi:">Finland</a> • <a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sv:">Sweden</a> • <a href="https://ta.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ta:">Tamil</a> • <a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="th:">Thai</a> • <a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tr:">Turki</a> • <a href="https://uk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="uk:">Ukraine</a> </p> </div> <ul><li>Wikibuku yang mempunyai lebih 10 modul buku teks:</li></ul> <div style="font-size:95%; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em;"> <p><small> <a href="https://als.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="als:">Jerman Alemanik)</a> • <a href="https://hy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="hy:">Armenia</a> • <a href="https://be.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="be:">Belarus</a> • <a href="https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bn:">Bengali</a> • <a href="https://bs.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bs:">Bosnia</a> • <a href="https://su.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="su:">Sunda</a> • <a href="https://cv.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="cv:">Chuvach</a> • <a href="https://cy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="cy:">Wales</a> • <a href="https://na.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="na:">Nauru</a> • <a href="https://el.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="el:">Greek</a> • <a href="https://et.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="et:">Estonia</a> • <a href="https://fy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fy:">Frisia Barat</a> • <a href="https://ka.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ka:">Georgia</a> • <a href="https://el.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="el:">Greek</a> • <a href="https://hr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="hr:">Croatia</a> • <a href="https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ia:">Interlingua</a> • <a href="https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ie:">Interlingue</a> • <a href="https://ku.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ku:">Kurdi</a> • <a href="https://la.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="la:">Latin</a> • <a href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ml:">Malayalam</a> • <a href="https://mr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mr:">Marathi</a> • <a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ro:">Romania</a> • <a href="https://simple.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="simple:Main Page">Inggeris Mudah</a> • <a href="https://sl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sl:">Slovenia</a> • <a href="https://tl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tl:">Tagalog</a> • <a href="https://te.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="te:">Telugu</a> • <a href="https://tt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tt:">Tatar</a> • <a href="https://vi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" class="extiw" title="vi:Trang Chính">Vietnam</a> • <a href="https://ur.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ur:">Urdu</a> </small> </p> </div> <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikibooks" class="extiw" title="m:Wikibooks">Wikibuku</a> - <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikibooks#List_of_Wikibooks" class="extiw" title="m:List of Wikibooks">Senarai semua Wikibuku</a> - <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages" class="extiw" title="m:Requests for new languages">Wikibuku baharu</a> </p> </div> </small><div align="right"></div></div> </div></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="border:5px solid transparent;"> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td style="width:33%; border:1px solid #a7d7f9; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top; color:#000; padding: 0px 10px 10px 0px; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px;"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div style="text-align:left; position:relative; left:8px; top:8px; background:#C6DEFE; height:25px; -moz-border-radius: 8px; -webkit-border-radius: 8px; border-radius:8px;"> <div style="position:relative; left:-5px; top:0px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Bluebg_rounded2.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="25" /></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:1px; top:-7px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg/38px-Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg/57px-Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg/76px-Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:0px; width:95%;"><h2 id="Projek_saudara" style="margin:0; border-bottom:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:.15em .4em;">Projek saudara</h2></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="margin:0em 1em 1em 1em; padding-right:0px; padding-top:12px;"> <center><b>Wikibuku</b> dijalankan oleh <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikimedia:">Yayasan Wikimedia</a>, yang juga menjalankan beberapa projek <a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_coordination" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination">berbilang bahasa</a> dan <a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Copyrights">berkandungan bebas</a>.</center> <table class="plainlinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%; margin:1em; padding-right:6px; font-size:95%; background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center"><div style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:ms:Laman_Utama" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></div> </td> <td class="plainlinks" style="line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ms:Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:ms:Laman Utama"><b>Wikipedia</b></a><br />Projek ensiklopedia </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><div style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/ms:Laman_Utama" title="Wikikamus"><img alt="Wikikamus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/ms:Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="wikt:ms:Laman Utama"><b>Wikikamus</b></a><br />Kamus bebas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><div style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wn/ms/Laman_Utama" title="Wikiberita"><img alt="Wikiberita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/35px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/53px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/70px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wn/ms/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wn/ms/Laman Utama"><b>Wikiberita</b></a><br />Sumber berita bebas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><div style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wq/ms/Laman_Utama" title="Wikipetikan"><img alt="Wikipetikan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/45px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wq/ms/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wq/ms/Laman Utama"><b>Wikipetikan</b></a><br />Koleksi petikan </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><div style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ms.wikisource.org/wiki/ms:Laman_Utama" title="Wikisumber"><img alt="Wikisumber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/45px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://ms.wikisource.org/wiki/ms:Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="s:ms:Laman Utama"><b>Wikisumber</b></a><br />Perpustakaan bebas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><div style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/45px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/60px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Laman Utama"><b>Wikispesies</b></a><br />Panduan spesies </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama"><b>Wikimedia Commons</b></a><br />Koleksi multimedia bebas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><div style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Wikiversity"><img alt="Wikiversity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/35px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/53px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/70px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="betawikiversity:Laman Utama"><b>Wikiversity Beta</b></a><br />Bahan pelajaran bebas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wy/ms/Laman_Utama" title="Wikivoyage"><img alt="Wikivoyage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wy/ms/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wy/ms/Laman Utama"><b>Wikilayar</b></a><br />Panduan kembara </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org" title="Wikidata Beta"><img alt="Wikidata Beta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/48px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/72px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/96px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org"><b>Wikidata</b></a><br />Pangkalan pengetahuan bebas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Meta-Wiki"><img alt="Meta-Wiki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/35px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/53px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/70px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="meta:Laman Utama"><b>Meta-Wiki</b></a><br />Penyelarasan projek Wikimedia </td></tr></tbody></table><div align="right"></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <div style="text-align:left; position:relative; left:8px; top:8px; background:#C6DEFE; height:25px; -moz-border-radius: 8px; -webkit-border-radius: 8px; border-radius:8px;"> <div style="position:relative; left:-5px; top:0px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Bluebg_rounded2.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="25" /></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:1px; top:-7px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/38px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/57px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/76px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:0px; width:95%;"><h2 id="Bahagian_lain" style="margin:0; border-bottom:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:.15em .4em;">Bahagian lain</h2></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="margin:0em 1em 1em 1em; padding-right:0px; padding-top:12px;"> <div style="font-size:95%"> <center> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikijunior" title="Wikijunior">Wikijunior</a> (<i>Wikicilik</i>) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:WikiProjek" title="Wikibuku:WikiProjek">WikiProjek</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:WikiProjek_Malaysia" title="Wikibuku:WikiProjek Malaysia">(Malaysia</a> –<a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:WikiSelera" title="Wikibuku:WikiSelera">WikiSelera)</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Wikistudy" title="Wikistudy">Wikistudy</a> (<i>Wikibelajar</i>) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity" title="Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a> (<i>Wikiversiti</i>) </p> </center> </div><div align="right"></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <div style="text-align:left; position:relative; left:8px; top:8px; background:#C6DEFE; height:25px; -moz-border-radius: 8px; -webkit-border-radius: 8px; border-radius:8px;"> <div style="position:relative; left:-5px; top:0px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Bluebg_rounded2.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="25" /></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:1px; top:-7px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hourglass_icon_wbg.svg/38px-Hourglass_icon_wbg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hourglass_icon_wbg.svg/57px-Hourglass_icon_wbg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hourglass_icon_wbg.svg/76px-Hourglass_icon_wbg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:0px; width:95%;"><h2 id="Cipta" style="margin:0; border-bottom:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:.15em .4em;">Cipta</h2></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="margin:0em 1em 1em 1em; padding-right:0px; padding-top:12px;"> <p>Untuk mencipta buku baharu, masukkan judul pada ruangan di bawah. Untuk kesinambungan buku, semua buku mesti mengikuti gaya asas rencana yang sama, jadi sila pastikan rujuk <a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Polisi_dan_garis_panduan" title="Wikibuku:Polisi dan garis panduan">Polisi dan garis panduan</a> sebagai panduan. </p> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="createbox" class="createbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/w/index.php" method="get"><input type="hidden" value="edit" name="action" /><input type="hidden" name="preload" /><div class="cdx-text-input"><input name="title" class="mw-inputbox-input mw-inputbox-createbox cdx-text-input__input" placeholder="" required="" size="25" dir="ltr" /></div><br /><input type="submit" name="create" value="Cipta buku" class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-progressive cdx-button--weight-primary" /></form></div><div align="right"></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <div style="text-align:left; position:relative; left:8px; top:8px; background:#C6DEFE; height:25px; -moz-border-radius: 8px; -webkit-border-radius: 8px; border-radius:8px;"> <div style="position:relative; left:-5px; top:0px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Bluebg_rounded2.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="25" /></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:1px; top:-7px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Circle-icons-magnifyingglass.svg/38px-Circle-icons-magnifyingglass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Circle-icons-magnifyingglass.svg/57px-Circle-icons-magnifyingglass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Circle-icons-magnifyingglass.svg/76px-Circle-icons-magnifyingglass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:0px; width:95%;"><h2 id="Cari" style="margin:0; border-bottom:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:.15em .4em;">Cari</h2></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="margin:0em 1em 1em 1em; padding-right:0px; padding-top:12px;"> <p>Untuk mencari buku atau resipi baharu, masukkan judul pada ruangan di bawah. </p> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Khas:Cari"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr" /></div> <span class="cdx-checkbox cdx-checkbox--inline"><input type="checkbox" name="ns4" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns4-0.635553637313" class="cdx-checkbox__input" checked="" /><span class="cdx-checkbox__icon"></span><label class="cdx-checkbox__label" for="mw-inputbox-ns4-0.635553637313">Wikibooks</label></span> <span class="cdx-checkbox cdx-checkbox--inline"><input type="checkbox" name="ns100" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns100-0.635553637313" class="cdx-checkbox__input" checked="" /><span class="cdx-checkbox__icon"></span><label class="cdx-checkbox__label" for="mw-inputbox-ns100-0.635553637313">Resipi</label></span> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Cari" class="cdx-button" /></form></div><div align="right"></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:5px solid transparent;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="width:50%; border:1px solid #a7d7f9; background:#ffffff; vertical-align:top; color:#000; padding: 0px 10px 10px 0px; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px;"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div style="padding-left:10px; padding-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px;"> <center style="font-size:95%">Wikibuku tidak menjamin kandungan yang diberikan dalam laman ini. <br /><span style="font-size:95%"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ms:Yayasan_Wikimedia" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:ms:Yayasan Wikimedia">Yayasan Wikimedia</a> yang merupakan hos kepada projek ini tidak akan bertanggungjawab terhadap kesilapan yang didapati dalam laman projek ini.<br />Setiap penyumbang adalah bertanggungjawab terhadap sumbangan mereka.</span><br /></center> <div align="right"></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Laman_Utama&oldid=12574">https://ms.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Laman_Utama&oldid=12574</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Laman_Utama" title="Kategori:Laman Utama">Laman Utama</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 83 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-aa mw-list-item"><a href="https://aa.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page – Afar" lang="aa" hreflang="aa" data-title="Main Page" data-language-autonym="Qafár af" data-language-local-name="Afar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qafár af</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Tuisblad – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tuisblad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikibooks.org/wiki/H%C4%93afods%C4%ABde" title="Hēafodsīde – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hēafodsīde" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الصفحة الرئيسية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصفحة الرئيسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ana_s%C9%99hif%C9%99" title="Ana səhifə – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ana səhifə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Викидәреслек:Баш бит – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Викидәреслек:Баш бит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Галоўная старонка – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галоўная старонка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Начална страница – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Начална страница" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রধান পাতা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রধান পাতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikibooks.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" title="Početna strana – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Početna strana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiknihy:Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" title="Wikiknihy:Hlavní strana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikiknihy:Hlavní strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Тĕп страница – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕп страница" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hafan" title="Hafan – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hafan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/Forside" title="Forside – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forside" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hauptseite" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikibooks.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Κύρια Σελίδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύρια Σελίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Main Page" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikibooks.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" title="Ĉefpaĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉefpaĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikibooks.org/wiki/Esileht" title="Esileht – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esileht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikibooks.org/wiki/Azala" title="Azala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C" title="صفحهٔ اصلی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صفحهٔ اصلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikikirjasto:Etusivu" title="Wikikirjasto:Etusivu – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikikirjasto:Etusivu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Accueil" title="Accueil – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Accueil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikibooks.org/wiki/Haadside" title="Haadside – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Haadside" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99" title="עמוד ראשי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמוד ראשי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुखपृष्ठ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुखपृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica" title="Glavna stranica – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glavna stranica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/Kezd%C5%91lap" title="Kezdőlap – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kezdőlap" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A7%D5%BB" title="Գլխավոր էջ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գլխավոր էջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal" title="Pagina principal – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pagina principal" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Halaman Utama – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Halaman Utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine" title="Principal págine – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Principal págine" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a" title="Forsíða – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forsíða" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Pagina principale – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pagina principale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="メインページ – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メインページ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მთავარი გვერდი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მთავარი გვერდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Басты бет – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Басты бет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" title="ទំព័រដើម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទំព័រដើម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EC%B1%85:%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8" title="위키책:대문 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키책:대문" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikibooks.org/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" title="Destpêk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Destpêk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Башкы барак – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Башкы барак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" title="Pagina prima – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pagina prima" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikibooks.org/wiki/Veurblaad" title="Veurblaad – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veurblaad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagrindinis_puslapis" title="Pagrindinis puslapis – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pagrindinis puslapis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikibooks.org/wiki/S%C4%81kumlapa" title="Sākumlapa – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sākumlapa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fandraisana" title="Fandraisana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fandraisana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Главна страница – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Главна страница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രധാന താൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രധാന താൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुखपृष्ठ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुखपृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुख्य पृष्ठ – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुख्य पृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Hoofdpagina – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoofdpagina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hovedside" title="Hovedside – Norway" lang="no" hreflang="no" data-title="Hovedside" data-language-autonym="Norsk" data-language-local-name="Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikibooks.org/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" title="Acuèlh – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Acuèlh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Wikibooks:Strona główna – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikibooks:Strona główna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikilivros:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Wikilivros:Página principal – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikilivros:Página principal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Pagina principală – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pagina principală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Заглавная страница – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Заглавная страница" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="मुख्यपृष्ठम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुख्यपृष्ठम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikibooks.org/wiki/V%C3%A1ldosiidu" title="Váldosiidu – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Váldosiidu" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="මුල් පිටුව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුල් පිටුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiknihy:Hlavn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Wikiknihy:Hlavná stránka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wikiknihy:Hlavná stránka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Glavna_stran" title="Glavna stran – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glavna stran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikibooks.org/wiki/Faqja_Kryesore" title="Faqja Kryesore – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Faqja Kryesore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Главна страна – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Главна страна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tepas" title="Tepas – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tepas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Huvudsida" title="Wikibooks:Huvudsida – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikibooks:Huvudsida" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="முதற் பக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதற் பக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" title="మొదటి పేజీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొదటి పేజీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Саҳифаи аслӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Саҳифаи аслӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="หน้าหลัก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน้าหลัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Unang Pahina – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unang Pahina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfa – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anasayfa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Баш бит – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Баш бит" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Головна сторінка – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Головна сторінка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%82_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="صفحۂ اول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صفحۂ اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Trang Chính – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trang Chính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="Wikibooks:首页 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikibooks:首页" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" 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