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thickness</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: thickness"> <meta name="keywords" content="thickness"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="thickness"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1530</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: thickness</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1530</span> Leading Edge Vortex Development for a 65° Delta Wing with Varying Thickness and Maximum Thickness Locations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Stucke">Jana Stucke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Tuling"> Sean Tuling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Toomer"> Chris Toomer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on the numerical investigation of the leading edge vortex (LEV) development over a 65° swept delta wing with varying thickness and maximum thickness location and their impact on its overall performance. The tested configurations are defined by a 6% and 12 % thick biconvex aerofoil with maximum thickness location at 30% and 50% of the root chord. The results are compared to a flat plate delta wing configuration of 3.4% thickness. The largest differences are observed for the aerofoils of 12% thickness and are used to demonstrate the trends and aerodynamic characteristics from here on. It was found that the vortex structure changes with change with maximum thickness and overall thickness. This change leads to not only a reduction in lift but also in drag, especially when the maximum thickness is moved forward. The reduction in drag, however, outweighs the loss in lift thus increasing the overall performance of the configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delta%20wing" title=" delta wing"> delta wing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading%20edge%20vortices" title=" leading edge vortices"> leading edge vortices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105022/leading-edge-vortex-development-for-a-65-delta-wing-with-varying-thickness-and-maximum-thickness-locations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1529</span> The Effect of Particle Temperature on the Thickness of Thermally Sprayed Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jalali%20Azizpour">M. Jalali Azizpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.Mohammadi%20Majd"> H.Mohammadi Majd </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of WC-12Co particle Temperature in HVOF thermal spraying process on the coating thickness has been studied. The statistical results show that the spray distance and oxygen-to-fuel ratio are more effective factors on particle characterization and thickness of HVOF thermal spraying coatings. Spray Watch diagnostic system, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and thickness measuring system were used for this purpose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVOF" title="HVOF">HVOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WC-12Co" title=" WC-12Co "> WC-12Co </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15001/the-effect-of-particle-temperature-on-the-thickness-of-thermally-sprayed-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1528</span> The Effect of Impinging WC-12Co Particles Temperature on Thickness of HVOF Thermally Sprayed Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jalali%20Azizpour">M. Jalali Azizpour </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of WC-12Co particle Temperature in HVOF thermal spraying process on the coating thickness has been studied. The statistical results show that the spray distance and oxygen-to-fuel ratio are more effective factors on particle characterization and thickness of HVOF thermal spraying coatings. Spray Watch diagnostic system, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and thickness measuring system were used for this purpose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVOF" title="HVOF">HVOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20thickness" title=" temperature thickness"> temperature thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WC-12Co" title=" WC-12Co "> WC-12Co </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6744/the-effect-of-impinging-wc-12co-particles-temperature-on-thickness-of-hvof-thermally-sprayed-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1527</span> Effect of Thickness and Solidity on the Performance of Straight Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianyang%20Zhu">Jianyang Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Jiang"> Lin Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tixian%20Tian"> Tixian Tian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inspired by the increasing interesting on the wind power associated with production of clear electric power, a numerical experiment is applied to investigate the aerodynamic performance of straight type vertical axis wind turbine with different thickness and solidity, where the incompressible Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations coupled with dynamic mesh technique is solved. By analyzing the flow field, as well as energy coefficient of different thickness and solidity turbine, it is found that the thickness and solidity can significantly influence the performance of vertical axis wind turbine. For the turbine under low tip speed, the mean energy coefficient increase with the increasing of thickness and solidity, which may improve the self starting performance of the turbine. However for the turbine under high tip speed, the appropriate thickness and smaller solidity turbine possesses better performance. In addition, delay stall and no interaction of the blade and previous separated vortex are observed around appropriate thickness and solidity turbine, therefore lead better performance characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20axis%20wind%20turbine" title="vertical axis wind turbine">vertical axis wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-S%20equations" title=" N-S equations"> N-S equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20mesh%20technique" title=" dynamic mesh technique"> dynamic mesh technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solidity" title=" solidity"> solidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54216/effect-of-thickness-and-solidity-on-the-performance-of-straight-type-vertical-axis-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1526</span> Effect of Welding Parameters on Penetration and Bead Width for Variable Plate Thickness in Submerged Arc Welding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harish%20K.%20Arya">Harish K. Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulwant%20Singh"> Kulwant Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Saxena"> R. K. Saxena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heat flow in weldment changes its nature from 2D to 3D with the increase in plate thickness. For welding of thicker plates the heat loss in thickness direction increases the cooling rate of plate. Since the cooling rate changes, the various bead parameters like bead penetration, bead height and bead width also got affected by it. The present study incorporates the effect of variable plate thickness on penetration and bead width. The penetration reduces with increase in plate thickness due to heat loss in thickness direction for same heat input, while bead width increases for thicker plate due to faster cooling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20arc%20welding" title="submerged arc welding">submerged arc welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20thickness" title=" plate thickness"> plate thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bead%20geometry" title=" bead geometry"> bead geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20rate" title=" cooling rate"> cooling rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33595/effect-of-welding-parameters-on-penetration-and-bead-width-for-variable-plate-thickness-in-submerged-arc-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1525</span> Modification of Four Layer through the Thickness Woven Structure for Improved Impact Resistance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Liaqat">Muhammad Liaqat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Abdul%20Samad"> Hafiz Abdul Samad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Talha%20Ali%20Hamdani"> Syed Talha Ali Hamdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Nawab"> Yasir Nawab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current research, the four layers, orthogonal through the thickness, 2D woven, 3D fabric structure was modified to improve the impact resistance of 3D fabric reinforced composites. This was achieved by imparting the auxeticity into four layers through the thickness woven structure. A comparison was made between the standard and modified four layers through the thickness woven structure in terms of auxeticity, penetration and impact resistance. It was found that the modified structure showed auxeticity in both warp and weft direction. It was also found that the penetration resistance of modified sample was less as compared to the standard structure, but impact resistance was improved up to 6.7% of modified four layers through the thickness woven structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20woven" title="2D woven">2D woven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20fabrics" title=" 3D fabrics"> 3D fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxetic" title=" auxetic"> auxetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20resistance" title=" impact resistance"> impact resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20through%20the%20thickness" title=" orthogonal through the thickness"> orthogonal through the thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55359/modification-of-four-layer-through-the-thickness-woven-structure-for-improved-impact-resistance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1524</span> Effect of Welding Parameters on Dilution and Bead Height for Variable Plate Thickness in Submerged Arc Welding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harish%20Kumar%20Arya">Harish Kumar Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulwant%20Singh"> Kulwant Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K%20Saxena"> R. K Saxena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepti%20Jaiswal"> Deepti Jaiswal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heat flow in weldment changes its nature from 2D to 3D with the increase in plate thickness. For welding of thicker plates the heat loss in thickness direction increases the cooling rate of plate. Since the cooling rate changes, the various bead parameters like bead penetration, bead height and bead width also got affected by it. The present study incorporates the effect of variable plate thickness on bead geometry and dilution. The penetration reduces with increase in plate thickness due to heat loss in thickness direction, while bead width and reinforcement increases for thicker plate due to faster cooling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20arc%20welding" title="submerged arc welding">submerged arc welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20thickness" title=" plate thickness"> plate thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bead%20geometry" title=" bead geometry"> bead geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20rate" title=" cooling rate"> cooling rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34968/effect-of-welding-parameters-on-dilution-and-bead-height-for-variable-plate-thickness-in-submerged-arc-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1523</span> The Creep Analysis of a Varying Thickness on a Rotating Composite Disk with Different Particle Size by Using Sherby’s Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rupinder%20Kaur">Rupinder Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harjot%20Kaur"> Harjot Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this paper is to present the study of the effect of varying thickness on rotating composite disks made from Al-SiC_P having different particle sizes. Mathematical modeling is used to calculate the effect of varying thickness with different particle sizes on rotating composite disks in radial as well as tangential directions with thermal gradients. In comparison to various particle sizes with varied thicknesses, long-term deformation occurs. The results are displayed visually, demonstrating how creep deformation decreases with changing particle size and thickness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep" title="creep">creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varying%20thickness" title=" varying thickness"> varying thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size" title=" particle size"> particle size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stresses%20and%20strain%20rates" title=" stresses and strain rates"> stresses and strain rates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173915/the-creep-analysis-of-a-varying-thickness-on-a-rotating-composite-disk-with-different-particle-size-by-using-sherbys-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1522</span> Rock Thickness Measurement by Using Self-Excited Acoustical System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janusz%20Kwa%C5%9Bniewski">Janusz Kwaśniewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ireneusz%20Dominik"> Ireneusz Dominik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krzysztof%20Lalik"> Krzysztof Lalik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The knowledge about rock layers thickness, especially above drilled mining pavements are crucial for workers safety. The measuring systems used nowadays are generally imperfect and there is a strong demand for improvement. The application of a new type of a measurement system called Self-Excited Acoustical System is presented in the paper. The system was applied until now to monitor stress changes in metal and concrete constructions. The change in measurement methodology resulted in possibility of measuring the thickness of the rocks above the tunnels as well as thickness of a singular rock layer. The idea is to find two resonance frequencies of the self-exited system, which consists of a vibration exciter and vibration receiver placed at a distance, which are coupled with a proper power amplifier, and which operate in a closed loop with a positive feedback. The resonance with the higher amplitude determines thickness of the whole rock, whereas the lower amplitude resonance indicates thickness of a singular layer. The results of the laboratory tests conducted on a group of different rock materials are also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto-oscillator" title="auto-oscillator">auto-oscillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20testing" title=" non-destructive testing"> non-destructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20thickness%20measurement" title=" rock thickness measurement"> rock thickness measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnic" title=" geotechnic"> geotechnic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2627/rock-thickness-measurement-by-using-self-excited-acoustical-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1521</span> FEM Investigation of Inhomogeneous Wall Thickness Backward Extrusion for Aerosol Can Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jemal%20Ebrahim%20Dessie">Jemal Ebrahim Dessie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsolt%20Lukacs"> Zsolt Lukacs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wall of the aerosol can is extruded from the backward extrusion process. Necking is another forming process stage developed on the can shoulder after the backward extrusion process. Due to the thinner thickness of the wall, buckling is the critical challenge for current pure aluminum aerosol can industries. Design and investigation of extrusion with inhomogeneous wall thickness could be the best solution for reducing and optimization of neck retraction numbers. FEM simulation of inhomogeneous wall thickness has been simulated through this investigation. From axisymmetric Deform-2D backward extrusion, an aerosol can with a thickness of 0.4 mm at the top and 0.33 mm at the bottom of the aerosol can have been developed. As the result, it can optimize the number of retractions of the necking process and manufacture defect-free aerosol can shoulder due to the necking process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosol%20can" title="aerosol can">aerosol can</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backward%20extrusion" title=" backward extrusion"> backward extrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deform-2D" title=" Deform-2D"> Deform-2D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=necking" title=" necking"> necking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135808/fem-investigation-of-inhomogeneous-wall-thickness-backward-extrusion-for-aerosol-can-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1520</span> Dynamic Analysis of Composite Doubly Curved Panels with Variable Thickness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Algul">I. Algul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Akgun"> G. Akgun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kurtaran"> H. Kurtaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dynamic analysis of composite doubly curved panels with variable thickness subjected to different pulse types using Generalized Differential Quadrature method (GDQ) is presented in this study. Panels with variable thickness are used in the construction of aerospace and marine industry. Giving variable thickness to panels can allow the designer to get optimum structural efficiency. For this reason, estimating the response of variable thickness panels is very important to design more reliable structures under dynamic loads. Dynamic equations for composite panels with variable thickness are obtained using virtual work principle. Partial derivatives in the equation of motion are expressed with GDQ and Newmark average acceleration scheme is used for temporal discretization. Several examples are used to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results are compared with finite element method. Effects of taper ratios, boundary conditions and loading type on the response of composite panel are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20quadrature%20method" title="differential quadrature method">differential quadrature method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doubly%20curved%20panels" title=" doubly curved panels"> doubly curved panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminated%20composite%20materials" title=" laminated composite materials"> laminated composite materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20displacement" title=" small displacement"> small displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74965/dynamic-analysis-of-composite-doubly-curved-panels-with-variable-thickness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1519</span> Prediction of Rolling Forces and Real Exit Thickness of Strips in the Cold Rolling by Using Artificial Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Heydari%20Vini">M. Heydari Vini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a complicated relation between effective input parameters of cold rolling and output rolling force and exit thickness of strips.in many mathematical models, the effect of some rolling parameters have been ignored and the outputs have not a desirable accuracy. In the other hand, there is a special relation among input thickness of strips,the width of the strips,rolling speeds,mandrill tensions and the required exit thickness of strips with rolling force and the real exit thickness of the rolled strip. First of all, in this paper the effective parameters of cold rolling process modeled using an artificial neural network according to the optimum network achieved by using a written program in MATLAB,it has been shown that the prediction of rolling stand parameters with different properties and new dimensions attained from prior rolled strips by an artificial neural network is applicable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20rolling" title="cold rolling">cold rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title=" artificial neural networks"> artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20force" title=" rolling force"> rolling force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20rolled%20thickness%20of%20strips" title=" real rolled thickness of strips"> real rolled thickness of strips</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20685/prediction-of-rolling-forces-and-real-exit-thickness-of-strips-in-the-cold-rolling-by-using-artificial-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1518</span> Approach to Study the Workability of Concrete with the Fractal Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achouri%20Fatima">Achouri Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chouicha%20Kaddour"> Chouicha Kaddour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main parameters affecting the workability are the water content, particle size, and the total surface of the grains, as long as the mixing water begins by wetting the surface of the grains and then fills the voids between the grains to form entrapped water, the quantity of water remaining is called free water. The aim is to undertake a fractal approach through the relationship between the concrete formulation parameters and workability, to develop this approach a series of concrete taken from the literature was investigated by varying formulation parameters such as G / S, the quantity of cement C and the quantity of mixing water E. We also call on other model as the model for the thickness of the water layer and model of the thickness of the paste layer to judge their relevance, hence the following results : the relevance of the model of the thickness of the water layer is considered relevant when there is a variation in the water quantity, the model of the thickness of the layer of the paste is only applicable if we consider that the paste is made with the grain value Dmax = 2.85: value from which we see a stable model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20method" title=" fractal method"> fractal method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paste%20thickness" title=" paste thickness"> paste thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20thickness" title=" water thickness"> water thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workability" title=" workability"> workability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29521/approach-to-study-the-workability-of-concrete-with-the-fractal-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1517</span> The Effect of Honeycomb Core Thickness on the Repeated Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Sandwich Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Abo%20Sabah">S. H. Abo Sabah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20H.%20%20Kueh"> A. B. H. Kueh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20%20Megat%20Johari"> M. A. Megat Johari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20%20Majid"> T. A. Majid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a recent study, a new bio-inspired honeycomb sandwich beam (BHSB) mimicking the head configuration of the woodpecker was developed. The beam consists of two carbon/epoxy composite face sheets, aluminum honeycomb core, and rubber core to enhance the repeated low-velocity impact resistance of sandwich structures. This paper aims to numerically enhance the repeated low-velocity impact resistance of the BHSB via optimizing the aluminum honeycomb core thickness. The beam was investigated employing three core thicknesses: 20 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm at three impact energy levels (13.5 J, 15.55 J, 21.43 J). The results revealed that increasing the thickness of the aluminum honeycomb core to a certain level enhances the sandwich beam stiffness. The beam with the 25 mm honeycomb core thickness was the only beam that can sustain five repeated impacts achieving the highest impact resistance efficiency index, especially at high energy levels. Furthermore, the bottom face sheet of this beam developed the lowest stresses indicating that this thickness has a relatively better performance during impact events since it allowed minimal stress to reach the bottom face sheet. Overall, increasing the aluminum core thickness will increase the height of its cells subjecting it to buckling phenomenon. Therefore, this study suggests that the optimal thickness of the aluminum honeycomb core should be 65 % of the overall thickness of the sandwich beam to have the best impact resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandwich%20beams" title="sandwich beams">sandwich beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20thickness" title=" core thickness"> core thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20behavior" title=" impact behavior"> impact behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling "> modeling </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113735/the-effect-of-honeycomb-core-thickness-on-the-repeated-low-velocity-impact-behavior-of-sandwich-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1516</span> First Investigation on CZTS Electron affinity and Thickness Optimization using SILVACO-Atlas 2D Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeineb%20Seboui">Zeineb Seboui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samar%20Dabbabi"> Samar Dabbabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we study the performance of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) based solar cell. In our knowledge, it is for the first time that the FTO/ZnO:Co/CZTS structure is simulated using the SILVACO-Atlas 2D simulation. Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS), ZnO:Co and FTO (SnO₂:F) layers have been deposited on glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis technique. The extracted physical properties, such as thickness and optical parameters of CZTS layer, are considered to create a new input data of CZTS based solar cell. The optimization of CZTS electron affinity and thickness is performed to have the best FTO/ZnO: Co/CZTS efficiency. The use of CZTS absorber layer with 3.99 eV electron affinity and 3.2 µm in thickness leads to the higher efficiency of 16.86 %, which is very important in the development of new technologies and new solar cell devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CZTS%20solar%20cell" title="CZTS solar cell">CZTS solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20affinity" title=" electron affinity"> electron affinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SILVACO-atlas%202D%20simulation" title=" SILVACO-atlas 2D simulation"> SILVACO-atlas 2D simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166352/first-investigation-on-czts-electron-affinity-and-thickness-optimization-using-silvaco-atlas-2d-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1515</span> Feasibility of Implementing Zero Energy Buildings in Iran and Examining Its Economic and Technical Aspects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Siyami">Maryam Siyami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zero energy buildings refer to buildings that have zero annual energy consumption and do not produce carbon emissions. In today's world, considering the limited resources of fossil fuels, buildings, industries and other organizations have moved towards using other available energies. The idea and principle of net zero energy consumption has attracted a lot of attention because the use of renewable energy is a means and a solution to eliminate pollutants and greenhouse gases. Due to the increase in the cost of fossil fuels and their destructive effects on the environment and disrupting the ecological balance, today the plans related to zero energy principles have become very practical and have gained particular popularity. In this research, building modeling has been done in the Design Builder software environment. Based on the changes in the required energy throughout the year in different roof thickness conditions, it has been observed that with the increase in roof thickness, the amount of heating energy required has a downward trend, from 6730 kilowatt hours in the roof thickness of 10 cm to 6408 kilowatt hours in the roof thickness condition. 20 cm is reached, which represents a reduction of about 4.7% in energy if the roof thickness is doubled. Also, with the increase in the thickness of the roof throughout the year, the amount of cooling energy required has a gentle downward trend and has reached from 4964 kilowatt hours in the case of a roof thickness of 10 cm to 4859 kilowatt hours in the case of a roof thickness of 20 cm, which is a decrease equal to It displays 2%. It can be seen that the trend of changes in the energy required for cooling and heating is not much affected by the thickness of the roof (with an effect of 98%) and therefore there is no technical and economic recommendation to increase the thickness of the roof in this sector. Finally, based on the changes in the carbon dioxide produced in different states of the roof thickness, it has been observed that with the increase in the roof thickness, energy consumption and consequently the production of carbon dioxide has decreased. By increasing the thickness of the roof from 10 cm to 20 cm, the amount of carbon dioxide produced by heating the building has decreased by 27%. Also, this amount of reduction has been obtained based on the cooling system and for different amounts of roof thickness equal to 19%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title="energy consumption">energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building" title=" green building"> green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20builder" title=" design builder"> design builder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AHP" title=" AHP"> AHP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191532/feasibility-of-implementing-zero-energy-buildings-in-iran-and-examining-its-economic-and-technical-aspects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1514</span> Effect of Specimen Thickness on Probability Distribution of Grown Crack Size in Magnesium Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seon%20Soon%20Choi">Seon Soon Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fatigue crack growth is stochastic because of the fatigue behavior having an uncertainty and a randomness. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the probability distribution of a grown crack size at a specific fatigue crack propagation life for maintenance of structure as well as reliability estimation. The essential purpose of this study is to present the good probability distribution fit for the grown crack size at a specified fatigue life in a rolled magnesium alloy under different specimen thickness conditions. Fatigue crack propagation experiments are carried out in laboratory air under three conditions of specimen thickness using AZ31 to investigate a stochastic crack growth behavior. The goodness-of-fit test for probability distribution of a grown crack size under different specimen thickness conditions is performed by Anderson-Darling test. The effect of a specimen thickness on variability of a grown crack size is also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20size" title="crack size">crack size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20crack%20propagation" title=" fatigue crack propagation"> fatigue crack propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20alloys" title=" magnesium alloys"> magnesium alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20distribution" title=" probability distribution"> probability distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specimen%20thickness" title=" specimen thickness"> specimen thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11001/effect-of-specimen-thickness-on-probability-distribution-of-grown-crack-size-in-magnesium-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1513</span> The Control of Wall Thickness Tolerance during Pipe Purchase Stage Based on Reliability Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weichao%20Yu">Weichao Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Wen"> Kai Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weihe%20Huang"> Weihe Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Yang"> Yang Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Gong"> Jing Gong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal-loss corrosion is a major threat to the safety and integrity of gas pipelines as it may result in the burst failures which can cause severe consequences that may include enormous economic losses as well as the personnel casualties. Therefore, it is important to ensure the corroding pipeline integrity and efficiency, considering the value of wall thickness, which plays an important role in the failure probability of corroding pipeline. Actually, the wall thickness is controlled during pipe purchase stage. For example, the API_SPEC_5L standard regulates the allowable tolerance of the wall thickness from the specified value during the pipe purchase. The allowable wall thickness tolerance will be used to determine the wall thickness distribution characteristic such as the mean value, standard deviation and distribution. Taking the uncertainties of the input variables in the burst limit-state function into account, the reliability approach rather than the deterministic approach will be used to evaluate the failure probability. Moreover, the cost of pipe purchase will be influenced by the allowable wall thickness tolerance. More strict control of the wall thickness usually corresponds to a higher pipe purchase cost. Therefore changing the wall thickness tolerance will vary both the probability of a burst failure and the cost of the pipe. This paper describes an approach to optimize the wall thickness tolerance considering both the safety and economy of corroding pipelines. In this paper, the corrosion burst limit-state function in Annex O of CSAZ662-7 is employed to evaluate the failure probability using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. By changing the allowable wall thickness tolerance, the parameters of the wall thickness distribution in the limit-state function will be changed. Using the reliability approach, the corresponding variations in the burst failure probability will be shown. On the other hand, changing the wall thickness tolerance will lead to a change in cost in pipe purchase. Using the variation of the failure probability and pipe cost caused by changing wall thickness tolerance specification, the optimal allowable tolerance can be obtained, and used to define pipe purchase specifications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allowable%20tolerance" title="allowable tolerance">allowable tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corroding%20pipeline%20segment" title=" corroding pipeline segment"> corroding pipeline segment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20cost" title=" operation cost"> operation cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20cost" title=" production cost"> production cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20approach" title=" reliability approach"> reliability approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51192/the-control-of-wall-thickness-tolerance-during-pipe-purchase-stage-based-on-reliability-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1512</span> Correlation of Strength and Change in the Thickness of Back Extensor Muscles during Maximal Isometric Contraction in Healthy and Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Jan-Nataj%20Zeinab">Mohammad Jan-Nataj Zeinab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kahrizi%20Sedighe"> Kahrizi Sedighe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayat%20Noshin"> Bayat Noshin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giti%20Torkaman"> Giti Torkaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the importance of the back extensor muscle strength in postmenopausal women, this study aimed to determine the relationship between strength and changes in the thickness of back extensor muscles during isometric contraction in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Strength and thickness of the muscles of 42 postmenopausal women were measured respectively, using a handheld dynamometer and ultrasonography. Also, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the strength and thickness. The results indicated a high reproducibility dynamometer test and ultrasonography. The decrease of strength in people with osteoporosis, occurred more through changes in muscle structure such as reducing the number and size of muscle fibers than changes in the nervous system part. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20extensor%20muscles" title="back extensor muscles">back extensor muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title=" osteoporosis"> osteoporosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63291/correlation-of-strength-and-change-in-the-thickness-of-back-extensor-muscles-during-maximal-isometric-contraction-in-healthy-and-osteoporotic-postmenopausal-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1511</span> Influence of Thickness on Electrical and Structural Properties of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Thin Films Prepared by RF Sputtering Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Momoh">M. Momoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Abdullahi"> S. Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20U.%20Moreh"> A. U. Moreh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were prepared on corning (7059) glass substrates at a thickness of 75.5 and 130.5 nm by RF sputtering technique. The deposition was carried out at room temperature after which the samples were annealed in open air at 150°C. The electrical and structural properties of these films were studied. The electrical properties of the films were monitored by four-point probe method while the structural properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the electrical resistance of the films decreases with increase in the thickness of the films. The XRD analysis of the films showed that the films have a peak located at 34.31°-34.35° with hkl (002). Other parameters calculated include the stress (σ) and the grain size (D). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20properties" title="electrical properties">electrical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20thickness" title=" film thickness"> film thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20properties" title=" structural properties"> structural properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10472/influence-of-thickness-on-electrical-and-structural-properties-of-zinc-oxide-zno-thin-films-prepared-by-rf-sputtering-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1510</span> Drying Kinetics, Energy Requirement, Bioactive Composition, and Mathematical Modeling of Allium Cepa Slices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20U.%20Asoiro">Felix U. Asoiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meshack%20I.%20Simeon"> Meshack I. Simeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinenye%20E.%20Azuka"> Chinenye E. Azuka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harami%20Solomon"> Harami Solomon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chukwuemeka%20J.%20Ohagwu"> Chukwuemeka J. Ohagwu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The drying kinetics, specific energy consumed (SEC), effective moisture diffusivity (EMD), flavonoid, phenolic, and vitamin C contents of onion slices dried under convective oven drying (COD) were compared with microwave drying (MD). Drying was performed with onion slice thicknesses of 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm; air drying temperatures of 60, 80, and 100°C for COD, and microwave power of 450 W for MD. A decrease in slice thickness and an increase in drying air temperature led to a drop in the drying time. As thickness increased from 2 – 8 mm, EMD rose from 1.1-4.35 x 10⁻⁸ at 60°C, 1.1-5.6 x 10⁻⁸ at 80°C, and 1.25-6.12 x 10⁻⁸ at 100°C with MD treatments yielding the highest mean value (6.65 x 10⁻⁸ m² s⁻¹) at 8 mm. Maximum SEC for onion slices in COD was 238.27 kWh/kg H₂O (2 mm thickness), and the minimum was 39.4 kWh/kg H₂O (8 mm thickness) whereas maximum during MD was 25.33 kWh/kg H₂O (8 mm thickness) and minimum, 18.7 kWh/kg H₂O (2 mm thickness). MD treatment gave a significant (p 0.05) increase in the flavonoid (39.42 – 64.4%), phenolic (38.0 – 46.84%), and vitamin C (3.7 – 4.23 mg 100 g⁻¹) contents, while COD treatment at 60°C and 100°C had positive effects on only vitamin C and phenolic contents, respectively. In comparison, the Weibull model gave the overall best fit (highest R²=0.999; lowest SSE=0.0002, RSME=0.0123, and χ²= 0.0004) when drying 2 mm onion slices at 100°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allium%20cepa" title="allium cepa">allium cepa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying%20kinetics" title=" drying kinetics"> drying kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20energy%20consumption" title=" specific energy consumption"> specific energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoid" title=" flavonoid"> flavonoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20C" title=" vitamin C"> vitamin C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20oven%20drying" title=" microwave oven drying"> microwave oven drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151510/drying-kinetics-energy-requirement-bioactive-composition-and-mathematical-modeling-of-allium-cepa-slices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1509</span> Economical Analysis of Optimum Insulation Thickness for HVAC Duct</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kumar">D. Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kumar"> S. Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20G.%20Memon"> A. G. Memon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Memon"> R. A. Memon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Harijan"> K. Harijan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A considerable amount of energy is usually lost due to compression of insulation in Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) duct. In this paper, the economic impact of compression of insulation is estimated. Relevant mathematical models were used to estimate the optimal thickness at the points of compression. Furthermore, the payback period is calculated for the optimal thickness at the critical parts of supply air duct (SAD) and return air duct (RAD) considering natural gas (NG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuels for chillier operation. The mathematical model is developed using preliminary data obtained for an HVAC system of a pharmaceutical company. The higher heat gain and cooling loss, due to compression of thermal insulation, is estimated using relevant heat transfer equations. The results reveal that maximum energy savings (ES) in SAD is 34.5 and 40%, while in RAD is 22.9% and 29% for NG and LPG, respectively. Moreover, the minimum payback period (PP) for SAD is 2 and 1.6years, while in RAD is 4.3 and 2.7years for NG and LPG, respectively. The optimum insulation thickness (OIT) corresponding to maximum ES and minimum PP is estimated to be 35 and 42mm for SAD, while 30 and 38mm for RAD in case of NG and LPG, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20insulation%20thickness" title="optimum insulation thickness">optimum insulation thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost%20analysis" title=" life cycle cost analysis"> life cycle cost analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=payback%20period" title=" payback period"> payback period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVAC%20system" title=" HVAC system"> HVAC system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92533/economical-analysis-of-optimum-insulation-thickness-for-hvac-duct" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1508</span> Thickness Measurement and Void Detection in Concrete Elements through Ultrasonic Pulse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonel%20Lipa%20Cusi">Leonel Lipa Cusi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enrique%20Nestor%20Pasquel%20Carbajal"> Enrique Nestor Pasquel Carbajal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Marina%20Navarro%20Alvarado"> Laura Marina Navarro Alvarado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Del%20%C3%81lamo%20Carazas"> José Del Álamo Carazas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research analyses the accuracy of the ultrasound and the pulse echo ultrasound technic to find voids and to measure thickness of concrete elements. These mentioned air voids are simulated by polystyrene expanded and hollow containers of thin thickness made of plastic or cardboard of different sizes and shapes. These targets are distributed strategically inside concrete at different depths. For this research, a shear wave pulse echo ultrasonic device of 50 KHz is used to scan the concrete elements. Despite the small measurements of the concrete elements and because of voids’ size are near the half of the wavelength, pre and post processing steps like voltage, gain, SAFT, envelope and time compensation were made in order to improve imaging results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic" title="ultrasonic">ultrasonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20echo" title=" pulse echo"> pulse echo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void" title=" void"> void</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68618/thickness-measurement-and-void-detection-in-concrete-elements-through-ultrasonic-pulse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1507</span> Effect of Tube Thickness on the Face Bending for Blind-Bolted Connection to Concrete Filled Tubular Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Mahmood">Mohammed Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Tizani"> Walid Tizani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlo%20Sansour"> Carlo Sansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, experimental testing and numerical analysis were used to investigate the effect of tube thickness on the face bending for concrete filled hollow sections connected to other structural members using Extended Hollobolts. Six samples were tested experimentally by applying pull-out load on the bolts. These samples were designed to fail by column face bending. The main variable in all tests is the column face thickness. Finite element analyses were also performed using ABAQUS 6.11 to extend the experimental results and to quantify the effect of column face thickness. Results show that, the column face thickness has a clear impact on the connection strength and stiffness. However, the amount of improvement in the connection stiffness by changing the column face thickness from 5 mm to 6.3 mm seems to be higher than that when increasing it from 6.3 mm to 8 mm. The displacement at which the bolts start pulling-out from their holes increased with the use of thinner column face due to the high flexibility of the section. At the ultimate strength, the yielding of the column face propagated to the column corner and there was no yielding in its walls. After the ultimate resistance is reached, the propagation of the yielding was mainly in the column face with a miner yielding in the walls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anchored%20bolted%20connection" title="anchored bolted connection">anchored bolted connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Extended%20Hollobolt" title=" Extended Hollobolt"> Extended Hollobolt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20faces%20bending" title=" column faces bending"> column faces bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20filled%20hollow%20sections" title=" concrete filled hollow sections "> concrete filled hollow sections </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9404/effect-of-tube-thickness-on-the-face-bending-for-blind-bolted-connection-to-concrete-filled-tubular-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1506</span> Design of Ternary Coatings System to Minimize the Residual Solvent in Polymeric Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Sharma">Jyoti Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Kumar%20Arya"> Raj Kumar Arya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The coatings of homogeneous ternary solution of Poly(styrene)(PS)-Poly(ethyleneglycol)-6000(PEG) Chlorobenzene (CLB) of two different concentrations (5.05%-4.98%-89.97% and 10.05%-5.12%-84.82%) were studied and dried under quiescent conditions. Residual solvent percentage and coatings thickness were calculated by gravimetric weight loss data. Residual solvent remained lower in case of the single thick layer as compared to layer-by-layer assembly technique. The Results suggests the effectiveness of the single thick layer for minimizing the residual solvent. A single thick layer had an initial coating thickness of 1098 µm and the final thickness of 106 µm which is lower as compared to the dried coatings of nearly the same final thickness by layer-by-layer assembly technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=films" title="films">films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-by-layer%20assembly" title=" layer-by-layer assembly"> layer-by-layer assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymeric%20coatings" title=" polymeric coatings"> polymeric coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ternary%20system" title=" ternary system"> ternary system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84630/design-of-ternary-coatings-system-to-minimize-the-residual-solvent-in-polymeric-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1505</span> Advanced Model for Calculation of the Neutral Axis Shifting and the Wall Thickness Distribution in Rotary Draw Bending Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Engel">B. Engel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hassan"> H. Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rotary draw bending is a method which is being used in tube forming. In the tube bending process, the neutral axis moves towards the inner arc and the wall thickness distribution changes for tube’s cross section. Thinning takes place in the outer arc of the tube (extrados) due to the stretching of the material, whereas thickening occurs in the inner arc of the tube (intrados) due to the comparison of the material. The calculations of the wall thickness distribution, neutral axis shifting, and strain distribution have not been accurate enough, so far. The previous model (the geometrical model) describes the neutral axis shifting and wall thickness distribution. The geometrical of the tube, bending radius and bending angle are considered in the geometrical model, while the influence of the material properties of the tube forming are ignored. The advanced model is a modification of the previous model using material properties that depends on the correction factor. The correction factor is a purely empirically determined factor. The advanced model was compared with the Finite element simulation (FE simulation) using a different bending factor (Bf=bending radius/ diameter of the tube), wall thickness (Wf=diameter of the tube/ wall thickness), and material properties (strain hardening exponent). Finite element model of rotary draw bending has been performed in PAM-TUBE program (version: 2012). Results from the advanced model resemble the FE simulation and the experimental test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20draw%20bending" title="rotary draw bending">rotary draw bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20properties" title=" material properties"> material properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20axis%20shifting" title=" neutral axis shifting"> neutral axis shifting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20thickness%20distribution" title=" wall thickness distribution"> wall thickness distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18270/advanced-model-for-calculation-of-the-neutral-axis-shifting-and-the-wall-thickness-distribution-in-rotary-draw-bending-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1504</span> Cladode features in Opuntia ficus-indica resistant cultivars to Dactylopius coccus Costa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yemane%20Kahsay%20Berhe">Yemane Kahsay Berhe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The multipurpose cactus pear plant with great potential as a source of food and livestock feed faced a threat from Dactylopius spp in different countries. Specifically, D. coccus is an important pest damaging significant areas in Tigray-Ethiopia. Using pest-resistant cultivars is an important element of an integrated pest management strategy, and studying the mechanisms of resistance is vital. It can be chemical or physical, such as oxalate crystals and other cladode characteristics. Cladode features of six cultivars (three O. ficus-indica, two O. cochenillifera, and one O. robusta) were examined for resistance to D. coccus in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. ‘Rojo Pelón’ (O. ficus-indica), ‘Robusta’ (O. robusta), and ‘Bioplástico’ (O. cochinillifera) are resistant cultivars; and ‘Atlixco’ and ‘Chicomostoc’ (O. ficus-indica) and ‘Nopalea’ (O. cochinillifera) are susceptible. Cultivars showed a significant difference in cladode weight in g, cladode length, cladode width, and cladode thickness in cm, where cladode thickness was higher in ‘Rojo Pelón’ followed by ‘Robusta’. Calcium oxalates number per mm was higher in ‘Bioplástico’ (20.7+2.08) followed by ‘Robusta’ (18.9+2.31) and ‘Rojo Pelón’ (15.9+0.34); and similarly, epidermis thickness found higher in ‘Bioplástico’ (0.21+0.032) and ‘Robusta’ (0.19+0.014), but similar with ‘Rojo Pelón’ (0.18+0.026). However, cuticle thickness didn’t show a difference among cultivars. Cladode thickness, calcium oxalates number, and epidermis thickness had positive correlations with resistance. These results demonstrate that calcium oxalates number and epidermis thickness might positively affect D. coccus resistance in O. ficus-indica. This feeding-barring role and the insect-plant interaction need to be studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cactus%20pear" title="cactus pear">cactus pear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resiatnce" title=" resiatnce"> resiatnce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=druses" title=" druses"> druses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidermis%20thickness" title=" epidermis thickness"> epidermis thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174937/cladode-features-in-opuntia-ficus-indica-resistant-cultivars-to-dactylopius-coccus-costa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1503</span> Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Bond Thickness on the Interface Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Sheet Bonded to Timber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Vahedian">Abbas Vahedian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rijun%20Shrestha"> Rijun Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keith%20Crews"> Keith Crews</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bond mechanism between timber and fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) is relatively complex and is influenced by a number of variables including bond thickness, bond width, bond length, material properties, and geometries. This study investigates the influence of bond thickness on the behaviour of interface, failure mode, and bond strength of externally bonded FRP-to-timber interface. In the present study, 106 single shear joint specimens have been investigated. Experiment results showed that higher layers of FRP increase the ultimate load carrying capacity of interface; conversely, such increase led to decrease the slip of interface. Moreover, samples with more layers of FRPs may fail in a brittle manner without noticeable warning that collapse is imminent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre%20reinforced%20polymer" title="fibre reinforced polymer">fibre reinforced polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRP" title=" FRP"> FRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20shear%20test" title=" single shear test"> single shear test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20thickness" title=" bond thickness"> bond thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title=" bond strength"> bond strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100515/experimental-investigation-on-the-effect-of-bond-thickness-on-the-interface-behaviour-of-fibre-reinforced-polymer-sheet-bonded-to-timber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1502</span> Effect of Segregation Pattern of Mn, Si, and C on through Thickness Microstructure and Properties of Hot Rolled Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20M.%20Al-Othman">Waleed M. Al-Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Bayati"> Hamid Bayati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Al-Shahrani"> Abdullah Al-Shahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitham%20Al-Jabr"> Haitham Al-Jabr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pearlite bands commonly form parallel to the surface of the hot rolled steel and have significant influence on the properties of the steel. This study investigated the correlation between segregation pattern of Mn, Si, C and formation of the pearlite bands in hot rolled Gr 60 steel plate. Microstructural study indicated formation of a distinguished thick band at centerline of the plate with number of parallel bands through thickness of the steel plate. The thickness, frequency, and continuity of the bands are reduced from mid-thickness toward external surface of the steel plate. Analysis showed a noticeable increase of C, Si and Mn levels within the bands. Such alloying segregation takes place during metal solidification. EDS analysis verified presence of particles rich in Ti, Nb, Mn, C, N, within the bands. Texture analysis by Electron Backscatter Detector (EBSD) indicated the grains size/misorientation can noticeably change within the bands. Effect of banding on through-thickness properties of the steel was examined by carrying out microhardness, toughness and tensile tests. Results suggest the Mn and C contents are changed in sinusoidal pattern through thickness of the hot rolled plate and pearlite bands are formed at the peaks of this sinusoidal segregation pattern. Changes in grain size/misorientation, formation of highly alloyed particles, and pearlite within these bands, facilitate crack formation along boundaries of these bands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pearlite%20band" title="pearlite band">pearlite band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alloying%20segregation" title=" alloying segregation"> alloying segregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20rolling" title=" hot rolling"> hot rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti" title=" Ti"> Ti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nb" title="Nb">Nb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N" title=" N"> N</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C" title=" C"> C</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100222/effect-of-segregation-pattern-of-mn-si-and-c-on-through-thickness-microstructure-and-properties-of-hot-rolled-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1501</span> Mathematical Modeling of Eggplant Slices Drying Using Microwave-Oven </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.H.%20Keshek">M.H. Keshek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.N.%20Omar"> M.N. Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.H.%20Amer"> A.H. Amer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is considered one of the most important crops in summer season, and it is grown in most cultivated area in Egypt. Eggplant has a very limited shelf life for freshness and physiological changes occur after harvest. Nowadays, microwave drying offers an alternative way to drying agricultural products. microwave drying is not only faster but also requiring less energy consumption than conventional drying. The main objective of this research was to evaluate using the microwave oven in Eggplant drying, to determine the optimum drying time of higher drying efficiency and lower energy consumption. The eggplants slices, having a thickness of about 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm, with diameter 50±2 mm was dried using microwave oven (KOR-9G2B) using three different levels were 450, 630, and 810 Watt (50%, 70%, and 90% of 900 Watt). The results show that, the initial moisture content of the eggplant slices was around 93 % wet basis (13.28 g water/g dry matter). The results indicated that, the moisture transfer within the sample was more rapidly during higher microwave power heating (810 watt) and lower thickness (5 mm) of the eggplant slices. In addition, the results show that, the drying efficiency increases by increasing slices thickness at power levels 450, 630 and 810 Watt. The higher drying efficiency was 83.13% occurred when drying the eggplant slices 20 mm thickness in microwave oven at power 630 Watt. the higher total energy consumption per dry kilogram was 1.275 (kWh/ dry kg) occurred at used microwave 810 Watt for drying eggplant slices 5 mm thickness, and the lower total energy consumption per dry kilogram was 0.55 (kWh/ dry kg) occurred at used microwave 810 Watt for drying eggplant slices 20 mm thickness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20drying" title="microwave drying">microwave drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eggplant" title=" eggplant"> eggplant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying%20rate" title=" drying rate"> drying rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying%20efficiency" title=" drying efficiency"> drying efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128071/mathematical-modeling-of-eggplant-slices-drying-using-microwave-oven" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness&page=3">3</a></li> <li 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