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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Setting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Setting</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Setting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Setting subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Setting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battlefield" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battlefield"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Battlefield</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battlefield-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_deployment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_deployment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>English deployment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_deployment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_deployment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_deployment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>French deployment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_deployment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terrain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Terrain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fighting</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fighting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fighting subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opening_moves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_moves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Opening moves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_moves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_cavalry_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_cavalry_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>French cavalry attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_cavalry_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_French_assault" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_French_assault"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Main French assault</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_French_assault-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attack_on_the_English_baggage_train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attack_on_the_English_baggage_train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Attack on the English baggage train</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attack_on_the_English_baggage_train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Henry_executes_French_prisoners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Henry_executes_French_prisoners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Henry executes French prisoners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Henry_executes_French_prisoners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numbers_at_Agincourt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numbers_at_Agincourt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Numbers at Agincourt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numbers_at_Agincourt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Popular representations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_representations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular representations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mock_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mock_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Mock trial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mock_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agincourt_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agincourt_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Agincourt today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agincourt_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Agincourt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_van_Agincourt" title="Slag van Agincourt – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Slag van Agincourt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1" title="معركة أجينكور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة أجينكور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_d%27Azincourt" title="Batalla d'Azincourt – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Batalla d'Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azenkur_d%C3%B6y%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC" title="Azenkur döyüşü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Azenkur döyüşü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88" title="آزنکور دؤیوشو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آزنکور دؤیوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Битка при Аженкур – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка при Аженкур" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emgann_Azincourt" title="Emgann Azincourt – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Emgann Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_d%27Azincourt" title="Batalla d'Azincourt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla d'Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Azincourtu" title="Bitva u Azincourtu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Azincourtu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brwydr_Agincourt" title="Brwydr Agincourt – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brwydr Agincourt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Agincourt" title="Slaget ved Agincourt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slaget ved Agincourt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Azincourt" title="Schlacht von Azincourt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azincourti_lahing" title="Azincourti lahing – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Azincourti lahing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81" title="Μάχη του Αζενκούρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάχη του Αζενκούρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Azincourt" title="Batalla de Azincourt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo_de_Azincourt" title="Batalo de Azincourt – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalo de Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agincourteko_Gudua" title="Agincourteko Gudua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Agincourteko Gudua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="نبرد آزینکورت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد آزینکورت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_d%27Azincourt" title="Bataille d'Azincourt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille d'Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath_Agincourt" title="Cath Agincourt – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cath Agincourt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Agincourt" title="Batalla de Agincourt – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Batalla de Agincourt" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9F%81%EC%BF%A0%EB%A5%B4_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="아쟁쿠르 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아쟁쿠르 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Ազենկուրի ճակատամարտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազենկուրի ճակատամարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Agincourta" title="Bitka kod Agincourta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bitka kod Agincourta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Azincourt_(1415)" title="Pertempuran Azincourt (1415) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Azincourt (1415)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Azincourt" title="Battaglia di Azincourt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%96%27%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8" title="קרב אז'נקור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב אז'נקור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="აზენკურის ბრძოლა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აზენკურის ბრძოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schluecht_vun_Azincourt" title="Schluecht vun Azincourt – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schluecht vun Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azincourt-i_csata" title="Azincourt-i csata – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Azincourt-i csata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Битка кај Азенкур – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Битка кај Азенкур" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="അജിൻ‌കോർട്ട് യുദ്ധം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അജിൻ‌കോർട്ട് യുദ്ധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Agincourt" title="Pertempuran Agincourt – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertempuran Agincourt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Azincourt" title="Slag bij Azincourt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="アジャンクールの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アジャンクールの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Agincourt" title="Slaget ved Agincourt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Agincourt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Agincourt" title="Slaget ved Agincourt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Slaget ved Agincourt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C3%A2le_d%27Azincourt" title="Batâle d'Azincourt – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Batâle d'Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_d%27Asincort" title="Batalha d'Asincort – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Batalha d'Asincort" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azenkur_jangi" title="Azenkur jangi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Azenkur jangi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Azincourt" title="Bitwa pod Azincourt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Azincourt" title="Batalha de Azincourt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Azincourt" title="Bătălia de la Azincourt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Битва при Азенкуре – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Азенкуре" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_o_Agincourt" title="Battle o Agincourt – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Battle o Agincourt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt" title="Battle of Agincourt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Battle of Agincourt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_pri_Azincourte" title="Bitka pri Azincourte – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bitka pri Azincourte" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_pri_Azincourtu" title="Bitka pri Azincourtu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bitka pri Azincourtu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Битка код Азенкура – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Азенкура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Azincourta" title="Bitka kod Azincourta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bitka kod Azincourta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azincourtin_taistelu" title="Azincourtin taistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Azincourtin taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Azincourt" title="Slaget vid Azincourt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Azincourt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ยุทธการที่อาแซ็งกูร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุทธการที่อาแซ็งกูร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agincourt_Muharebesi" title="Agincourt Muharebesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Agincourt Muharebesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_(1415)" title="Битва під Азенкуром (1415) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва під Азенкуром (1415)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Agincourt" title="Trận Agincourt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Agincourt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%91%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="阿金库尔战役 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿金库尔战役" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%91%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="阿金库尔战役 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿金库尔战役" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188495#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1415 English victory in the Hundred Years' War</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Agincourt</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schlacht_von_Azincourt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Schlacht_von_Azincourt.jpg/300px-Schlacht_von_Azincourt.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Schlacht_von_Azincourt.jpg/450px-Schlacht_von_Azincourt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Schlacht_von_Azincourt.jpg/600px-Schlacht_von_Azincourt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3501" data-file-height="2333" /></a></span><br />The Battle of Agincourt, 15th-century miniature, <a href="/wiki/Enguerrand_de_Monstrelet" title="Enguerrand de Monstrelet">Enguerrand de Monstrelet</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>25 October 1415 (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Crispin%27s_Day" title="Saint Crispin's Day">Saint Crispin's Day</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Azincourt" title="Azincourt">Azincourt</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Saint-Pol" title="County of Saint-Pol">County of Saint-Pol</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>)</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Agincourt&params=50_27_49_N_2_8_30_E_region:FR-62_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°27′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°8′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.46361°N 2.14167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.46361; 2.14167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> English victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward,_Duke_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward, Duke of York">Edward, Duke of York</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Camoys,_Baron_Camoys" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Camoys, Baron Camoys">Thomas Camoys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Erpingham" title="Thomas Erpingham">Thomas Erpingham</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Albret" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Albret">Charles d'Albret</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_Maingre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Le Maingre">Jean Le Maingre</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charles, Duke of Orléans">Duke of Orléans</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_I_d%27Alen%C3%A7on" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean I d'Alençon">Duke of Alençon</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Bourbon" class="mw-redirect" title="John I of Bourbon">Duke of Bourbon</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 6,000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–8,100 men<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009566_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009566-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />(modern estimates; see <a href="#Numbers_at_Agincourt">Numbers at Agincourt</a>)<br />• About <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">6</span></span> archers<br />• <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">6</span></span> dismounted <a href="/wiki/Man-at-arms" title="Man-at-arms">men-at-arms</a> in heavy armour</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 14,000–15,000 men<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or up to 25,000 if counting armed servants<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200860–62_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200860–62-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />• 10,000 men-at-arms<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />• 4,000–5,000 archers and crossbowmen<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />• Up to 10,000 mounted and armed servants (<i>gros <a href="/wiki/Valets" class="mw-redirect" title="Valets">valets</a></i>) present<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_60–62_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_60–62-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Up to 600 killed (112 identified)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015320_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015320-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> • 6,000 killed (most of whom were of the French nobility)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2006187,_192,_233,_248_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2006187,_192,_233,_248-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015459,_461_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015459,_461-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />• 700–2,200 captured<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015337,_367,_368_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015337,_367,_368-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span 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href="/wiki/Castilian_Civil_War" title="Castilian Civil War">Castilian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Two_Peters" title="War of the Two Peters">War of the Two Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War,_1369%E2%80%931389" title="Hundred Years' War, 1369–1389">Caroline phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1383%E2%80%931385_Portuguese_interregnum" title="1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum">1383–1385 Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_rebellion" title="Glyndŵr rebellion">Glyndŵr rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac%E2%80%93Burgundian_Civil_War" title="Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War">Armagnac–Burgundian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War,_1415%E2%80%931453" title="Hundred Years' War, 1415–1453">Lancastrian phase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Lancastrian_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Lancastrian War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Lancastrian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Lancastrian War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hundred_Years&#039;_WarLancastrian_phase_(1415–1453)3872" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Hundred Years' War<br /><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War,_1415%E2%80%931453" title="Hundred Years' War, 1415–1453"><span class="wrap">Lancastrian phase (1415–1453)</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1415–1420</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Harfleur" title="Siege of Harfleur">Harfleur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Agincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmont" title="Battle of Valmont">Valmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caen_(1417)" title="Siege of Caen (1417)">1st Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rouen_(1418%E2%80%931419)" title="Siege of Rouen (1418–1419)">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Rochelle_(1419)" title="Battle of La Rochelle (1419)">2nd La Rochelle</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1421–1428</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baug%C3%A9" title="Battle of Baugé">Baugé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Meaux" title="Siege of Meaux">Meaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cravant" title="Battle of Cravant">Cravant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Brossini%C3%A8re" title="Battle of La Brossinière">La Brossinière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verneuil" title="Battle of Verneuil">Verneuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._James" title="Battle of St. James">St. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Montargis" title="Siege of Montargis">Montargis</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1428–1430</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Herrings" title="Battle of the Herrings">Herrings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loire_Campaign_(1429)" title="Loire Campaign (1429)">Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jargeau" title="Battle of Jargeau">Jargeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meung-sur-Loire" title="Battle of Meung-sur-Loire">Meung-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaugency_(1429)" title="Battle of Beaugency (1429)">Beaugency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Patay" title="Battle of Patay">Patay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_to_Reims" title="March to Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(1429)" title="Siege of Paris (1429)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saint-Pierre-le-Mo%C3%BBtier" title="Siege of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier">Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Charit%C3%A9" title="Siege of La Charité">La Charité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Siege of Compiègne">Compiègne</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1435–1444</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gerberoy" title="Battle of Gerberoy">Gerberoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saint-Denis_(1435)" title="Siege of Saint-Denis (1435)">St. Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(1435-1436)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Paris (1435-1436)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Calais_(1436)" title="Siege of Calais (1436)">Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Creil" title="Siege of Creil">Creil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pontoise" title="Siege of Pontoise">Pontoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tartas" title="Siege of Tartas">Tartas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dieppe" title="Siege of Dieppe">Dieppe</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1449–1450</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_campaign_of_1449%E2%80%931450" title="Normandy campaign of 1449–1450">Normandy campaign of 1449–1450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Formigny" title="Battle of Formigny">Formigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caen_(1450)" title="Siege of Caen (1450)">2nd Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Falaise_(1450)" title="Siege of Falaise (1450)">Falaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cherbourg_(1450)" title="Siege of Cherbourg (1450)">Cherbourg</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1450–1453</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gascon_campaign_of_1450%E2%80%931453" title="Gascon campaign of 1450–1453">Gascon campaign of 1450–1453</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blanquefort" title="Battle of Blanquefort">Blanquefort</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Bordeaux_(1451-52)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Bordeaux (1451-52) (page does not exist)">1st Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Martignas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Martignas (page does not exist)">Martignas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castillon" title="Battle of Castillon">Castillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bordeaux_(1453)" title="Siege of Bordeaux (1453)">2nd Bordeaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Agincourt</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>)/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">AJ</span>-in-kor(t)</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Azincourt</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[azɛ̃kuʁ]</a></span>) was an English victory in the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>. It took place on 25 October 1415 (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Crispin%27s_Day" title="Saint Crispin's Day">Saint Crispin's Day</a>) near <a href="/wiki/Azincourt" title="Azincourt">Azincourt</a>, in northern France.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unexpected English victory against the numerically superior French army boosted English morale and prestige, crippled France, and started a new period of English dominance in the war that would last for 14 years until England was defeated by France in 1429 during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">Siege of Orléans</a>. </p><p>After several decades of relative peace, the English had <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War_(1415%E2%80%9353)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundred Years' War (1415–53)">resumed the war</a> in 1415 amid the failure of negotiations with the French. In the ensuing campaign, many soldiers died from disease, and the English numbers dwindled; they tried to withdraw to <a href="/wiki/Pale_of_Calais" title="Pale of Calais">English-held Calais</a> but found their path blocked by a considerably larger French army. Despite the numerical disadvantage, the battle ended in an overwhelming victory for the English. </p><p>King <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V of England</a> led his troops into battle and participated in hand-to-hand fighting. King <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI of France</a> did not command the French army as he suffered from <a href="/wiki/Psychotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychotic">psychotic</a> illnesses and associated mental incapacity. The French were commanded by <a href="/wiki/Grand_Constable_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Constable of France">Constable</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Albret" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Albret">Charles d'Albret</a> and various prominent French noblemen of the <a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(party)" title="Armagnac (party)">Armagnac party</a>. This battle is notable for the use of the <a href="/wiki/English_longbow" title="English longbow">English longbow</a> in very large numbers, with the English and <a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the Late Middle Ages">Welsh</a> archers comprising nearly 80 percent of Henry's army. Henry's standard-bearer was <a href="/wiki/William_Harrington_(knight)" title="William Harrington (knight)">William Harrington</a>, he being an official <a href="/wiki/Standard_Bearer_of_England" title="Standard Bearer of England">Standard Bearer of England</a>. </p><p>The Battle of Agincourt is one of England's most celebrated victories and was one of the most important English triumphs in the Hundred Years' War, along with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cr%C3%A9cy" title="Battle of Crécy">Battle of Crécy</a> (1346) and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poitiers" title="Battle of Poitiers">Battle of Poitiers</a> (1356). The battle continues to fascinate scholars and the general public into the modern day. It forms the backdrop to notable works such as <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i>, written in 1599. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_accounts">Contemporary accounts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Contemporary accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubbing_of_the_Dyrham_brass,_Saint_Peter%27s_Church,_Dyrham,_South_Gloucestershire,_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Rubbing_of_the_Dyrham_brass%2C_Saint_Peter%27s_Church%2C_Dyrham%2C_South_Gloucestershire%2C_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="237" height="496" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monumental_brass" title="Monumental brass">Monumental brass</a> of an English knight wearing armour at the time of Agincourt (<a href="/wiki/Maurice_Russell,_knight" title="Maurice Russell, knight">Sir Maurice Russell</a> (d. 1416), St Peter's Church, <a href="/wiki/Dyrham" title="Dyrham">Dyrham</a>, Gloucestershire)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Battle of Agincourt is well documented by at least seven contemporary accounts, three from eyewitnesses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The general location of the battle is not disputed and the site remains relatively unaltered after 600 years. A paucity of archeological evidence, though, has led to a debate as to the exact location of the battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immediately after the battle, Henry summoned the <a href="/wiki/Herald" title="Herald">heralds</a> of the two armies who had watched the battle together with principal French herald Montjoie, and they settled on the name of the battle as <i>Azincourt</i>, after the nearest fortified place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan197686_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan197686-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of the most frequently cited accounts come from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundian</a> sources, one from <a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_F%C3%A8vre_de_Saint-Remy" title="Jean Le Fèvre de Saint-Remy">Jean Le Fèvre de Saint-Remy</a> who was present at the battle, and the other from <a href="/wiki/Enguerrand_de_Monstrelet" title="Enguerrand de Monstrelet">Enguerrand de Monstrelet</a>. The English eyewitness account comes from the anonymous author of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Henrici_Quinti" title="Gesta Henrici Quinti">Gesta Henrici Quinti</a></i>, believed to have been written by a <a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">chaplain</a> in the King's household who would have been in the <a href="/wiki/Wagon_train" title="Wagon train">baggage train</a> at the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200022–26_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200022–26-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recent re-appraisal of Henry's strategy of the Agincourt campaign incorporates these three accounts and argues that war was seen as a legal <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a> for solving the disagreement over claims to the French throne.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a> invaded France following the failure of negotiations with the French. He claimed the title of King of France through his great-grandfather <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>, although in practice the English kings were generally prepared to renounce this claim if the French would acknowledge the English claim on <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a> and other French lands (the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Br%C3%A9tigny" title="Treaty of Brétigny">Treaty of Brétigny</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker201514_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker201514-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He initially called a <a href="/wiki/Magnum_Concilium" title="Magnum Concilium">Great Council</a> in the spring of 1414 to discuss going to war with France, but the lords insisted that he should negotiate further and moderate his claims. In the ensuing negotiations Henry said that he would give up his claim to the French throne if the French would pay the 1.6 million crowns outstanding from the ransom of <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II</a> (who had been captured at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poitiers_(1356)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Poitiers (1356)">Battle of Poitiers</a> in 1356), and concede English ownership of the lands of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Anjou" title="Duchy of Anjou">Anjou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Touraine" title="Touraine">Touraine</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>. Henry would marry <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" title="Catherine of Valois">Catherine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a>'s young daughter, and receive a dowry of 2 million crowns.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The French responded with what they considered the generous terms of marriage with Catherine, a dowry of 600,000 crowns, and an enlarged Aquitaine. In December 1414, the English <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">parliament</a> was persuaded to grant Henry a "double subsidy", a tax at twice the traditional rate, to recover his inheritance from the French. By 1415, negotiations had ground to a halt, with the English claiming that the French had mocked their claims and ridiculed Henry himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker201567–69_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker201567–69-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 April 1415, Henry again asked the Great Council to sanction war with France, and this time they agreed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015107,_114_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015107,_114-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:History_of_the_Battle_of_Agincourt,_and_of_the_expedition_of_Henry_the_Fifth_into_France_in_1415;_to_which_is_added_the_Roll_of_the_men_at_arms_in_the_English_army_(1833)_(14586237139).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/History_of_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_and_of_the_expedition_of_Henry_the_Fifth_into_France_in_1415%3B_to_which_is_added_the_Roll_of_the_men_at_arms_in_the_English_army_%281833%29_%2814586237139%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="379" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/History_of_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_and_of_the_expedition_of_Henry_the_Fifth_into_France_in_1415%3B_to_which_is_added_the_Roll_of_the_men_at_arms_in_the_English_army_%281833%29_%2814586237139%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/History_of_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_and_of_the_expedition_of_Henry_the_Fifth_into_France_in_1415%3B_to_which_is_added_the_Roll_of_the_men_at_arms_in_the_English_army_%281833%29_%2814586237139%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1369" data-file-height="2361" /></a><figcaption>1833 reconstruction of the banners flown by the armies at Agincourt</figcaption></figure> <p>Henry's army landed in northern France on 13 August 1415, carried by a vast fleet. It was often reported to comprise 1,500 ships, but was probably far smaller. <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Beck" title="Theodore Beck">Theodore Beck</a> also suggests that among Henry's army was "the king's physician and a little band of surgeons".<sup id="cite_ref-Beck1974_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck1974-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Morstede" title="Thomas Morstede">Thomas Morstede</a>, Henry V's royal surgeon,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had previously been contracted by the king to supply a team of surgeons and makers of surgical instruments to take part in the Agincourt campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck1974_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck1974-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The army of about 12,000 men and up to 20,000 horses besieged the port of <a href="/wiki/Harfleur" title="Harfleur">Harfleur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Harfleur" title="Siege of Harfleur">siege</a> took longer than expected. The town surrendered on 22 September, and the English army did not leave until 8 October. The campaign season was coming to an end, and the English army had suffered many casualties through disease. Rather than retire directly to England for the winter, with his costly expedition resulting in the capture of only one town, Henry decided to march most of his army (roughly 9,000) through <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> to the port of <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a>, the English stronghold in northern France, to demonstrate by his presence in the territory at the head of an army that his right to rule in the duchy was more than a mere abstract legal and historical claim.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHibbert197167_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHibbert197167-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also intended the manoeuvre as a deliberate provocation to battle aimed at <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France,_Duke_of_Guyenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Guyenne">the dauphin</a>, who had failed to respond to Henry's personal challenge to combat at Harfleur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015221_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015221-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the siege, the French had raised an army which assembled around <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>. This was not strictly a <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> army, but an army paid through a system similar to that of the English. The French hoped to raise 9,000 troops, but the army was not ready in time to relieve Harfleur.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After Henry V marched to the north, the French moved to block them along the <a href="/wiki/Somme_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Somme river">River Somme</a>. They were successful for a time, forcing Henry to move south, away from Calais, to find a <a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">ford</a>. The English finally crossed the Somme south of <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ronne,_Somme" title="Péronne, Somme">Péronne</a>, at <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9thencourt-sur-Somme" title="Béthencourt-sur-Somme">Béthencourt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voyennes" title="Voyennes">Voyennes</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWylieWaugh1914118_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWylieWaugh1914118-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeward1999162_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeward1999162-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and resumed marching north. </p><p>Without a river obstacle to defend, the French were hesitant to force a battle. They shadowed Henry's army while calling a <i>semonce des nobles</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> calling on local nobles to join the army. By 24 October, both armies faced each other for battle, but the French declined, hoping for the arrival of more troops. The two armies spent the night of 24 October on open ground. The next day the French initiated negotiations as a delaying tactic, but Henry ordered his army to advance and to start a battle that, given the state of his army, he would have preferred to avoid, or to fight defensively: that was how <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cr%C3%A9cy" title="Battle of Crécy">Crécy</a> and the other famous longbow victories had been won. The English had very little food, had marched 260 miles (420 km) in two and a half weeks, were suffering from sickness such as <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>, and were greatly outnumbered by well-equipped French men-at-arms. The French army blocked Henry's way to the safety of Calais, and delaying battle would only further weaken his tired army and allow more French troops to arrive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009436–437_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009436–437-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Setting">Setting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Setting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battlefield">Battlefield</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battlefield"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The precise location of the battle is not known. It may be in the narrow strip of open land formed between the woods of <a href="/wiki/Tramecourt" title="Tramecourt">Tramecourt</a> and Azincourt (close to the modern village of <a href="/wiki/Azincourt" title="Azincourt">Azincourt</a>). The lack of archaeological evidence at this traditional site has led to suggestions it was fought to the west of Azincourt.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_Livingston" title="Michael Livingston">Michael Livingston</a> also made the case for a site west of Azincourt, based on a review of sources and early maps.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_deployment">English deployment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: English deployment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Agincort.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Map_Agincort.svg/350px-Map_Agincort.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Map_Agincort.svg/525px-Map_Agincort.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Map_Agincort.svg/700px-Map_Agincort.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>Plan of the Battle of Agincourt</figcaption></figure> <p>Early on the 25th, Henry deployed his army (approximately 1,500 <a href="/wiki/Man-at-arms" title="Man-at-arms">men-at-arms</a> and 7,000 <a href="/wiki/English_longbow" title="English longbow">longbowmen</a>) across a 750-yard (690 m) part of the <a href="/wiki/Defile_(geography)" title="Defile (geography)">defile</a>. The army was divided into three groups, with the right wing led by <a href="/wiki/Edward,_2nd_Duke_of_York" title="Edward, 2nd Duke of York">Edward, Duke of York</a>, the centre led by the king himself, and the left wing under the old and experienced Baron <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Camoys,_1st_Baron_Camoys" title="Thomas Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys">Thomas Camoys</a>. The archers were commanded by Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Erpingham" title="Thomas Erpingham">Thomas Erpingham</a>, another elderly veteran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015454_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015454-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is likely that the English adopted their usual battle line of longbowmen on either flank, with men-at-arms and knights in the centre. They might also have deployed some archers in the centre of the line. The English men-at-arms in plate and mail were placed shoulder to shoulder four deep. The English and Welsh archers on the flanks drove pointed wooden <a href="/wiki/Archer%27s_stake" title="Archer's stake">stakes</a>, or palings, into the ground at an angle to force <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> to veer off. This use of stakes could have been inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nicopolis" title="Battle of Nicopolis">Battle of Nicopolis</a> of 1396, where forces of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> used the tactic against French cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English made their <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">confessions</a> before the battle, as was customary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2006166_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2006166-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry, worried about the enemy launching surprise raids, and wanting his troops to remain focused, ordered all his men to spend the night before the battle in silence, on pain of having an ear cut off. He told his men that he would rather die in the coming battle than be captured and <a href="/wiki/Ransom" title="Ransom">ransomed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015269–270_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015269–270-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry made a speech emphasising the justness of his cause, and reminding his army of previous great defeats the kings of England had inflicted on the French. The <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Burgundian</a> sources have him concluding the speech by telling his men that the French had boasted that they would cut off two fingers from the right hand of every archer, so that he could never draw a longbow again. Whether this was true is open to question and continues to be debated to this day; however, it seems likely that death was the normal fate of any soldier who could not be ransomed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015286_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015286-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_deployment">French deployment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: French deployment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French army had 10,000 men-at arms<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200857–59_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200857–59-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009429,_565_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009429,_565-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015452–453_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015452–453-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plus some 4,000–5,000 miscellaneous footmen (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">gens de trait</i></span>) including archers, crossbowmen<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009422,_565_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009422,_565-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">arbalétriers</i></span>) and shield-bearers (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pavisiers</i></span>), totaling 14,000–15,000 men. Probably each man-at-arms would be accompanied by a <i>gros valet</i> (or varlet), an armed servant, adding up to another 10,000 potential fighting men,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_60–62_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_60–62-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though some historians omit them from the number of combatants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200859_n._71_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200859_n._71-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French were organized into two main groups (or <a href="/wiki/Battle_(formation)" title="Battle (formation)">battles</a>), a vanguard up front and a main battle behind, both composed principally of men-at-arms fighting on foot and flanked by more of the same in each wing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015278–279,_280Curry2006141,_142,_184Mortimer2009428–429_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015278–279,_280Curry2006141,_142,_184Mortimer2009428–429-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a special, elite cavalry force whose purpose was to break the formation of the English archers and thus clear the way for the infantry to advance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2006183–184Barker2015279,_280_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2006183–184Barker2015279,_280-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second, smaller mounted force was to attack the rear of the English army, along with its baggage and servants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillpotts198463_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillpotts198463-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many lords and gentlemen demanded and received position in the front lines, where they would have a higher chance to acquire glory and valuable ransoms; this resulted in the bulk of the men-at-arms being massed in the front lines and the other troops, for which there was no remaining space, to be placed behind.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009428–429,_430Barker2015278–279Curry2000113,_115,_125_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009428–429,_430Barker2015278–279Curry2000113,_115,_125-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it had been planned for the archers and crossbowmen to be placed with the infantry wings, they were now regarded as unnecessary and placed behind them instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015275,_278–279Rogers200864,_66–67,_69Phillpotts198462Mortimer2009429,_430_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015275,_278–279Rogers200864,_66–67,_69Phillpotts198462Mortimer2009429,_430-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On account of the lack of space, the French drew up a third battle, the rearguard, which was on horseback and mainly comprised the varlets mounted on the horses belonging to the men fighting on foot ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015278–279Rogers200861_(n._79),_62,_64,_66Phillpotts198462_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015278–279Rogers200861_(n._79),_62,_64,_66Phillpotts198462-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French vanguard and main battle numbered respectively 4,800 and 3,000 men-at-arms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009429Sumption2015452Rogers200858Curry2000107,_132,_181_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009429Sumption2015452Rogers200858Curry2000107,_132,_181-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both lines were arrayed in tight, dense formations of about 16 ranks each, and were positioned a bowshot length from each other.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200863_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200863-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albret, Boucicaut and almost all the leading noblemen were assigned stations in the vanguard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015452Barker2015279_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015452Barker2015279-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dukes of <a href="/wiki/Jean_I,_Duke_of_Alen%C3%A7on" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean I, Duke of Alençon">Alençon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward III of Bar">Bar</a> led the main battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015279_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015279-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further 600 dismounted men-at-arms stood in each wing, with the left under the <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Count_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Louis, Count of Vendôme">Count of Vendôme</a> and the right under the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Richemont" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur de Richemont">Count of Richemont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015279,_280,_322,_331Curry2000156,_181,_183Curry2006182_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015279,_280,_322,_331Curry2000156,_181,_183Curry2006182-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To disperse the enemy archers, a cavalry force of 800–1,200 picked men-at-arms,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200060–61,_71,_106,_161,_173,_468_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200060–61,_71,_106,_161,_173,_468-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clignet_de_Br%C3%A9ban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clignet de Bréban (page does not exist)">Clignet de Bréban</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Bosredon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis de Bosredon (page does not exist)">Louis de Bosredon</a>, was distributed evenly between both flanks of the vanguard (standing slightly forward, like horns).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200034,_35,_61,_161Rogers200863Barker2015280Mortimer2009429,_599_(n._109)_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200034,_35,_61,_161Rogers200863Barker2015280Mortimer2009429,_599_(n._109)-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 200 mounted men-at-arms would attack the English rear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015454_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015454-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French apparently had no clear plan for deploying the rest of the army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015454_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015454-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rearguard, leaderless, would serve as a "dumping ground" for the surplus troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015281–282_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015281–282-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrain">Terrain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Terrain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The field of battle was arguably the most significant factor in deciding the outcome. The recently ploughed land hemmed in by dense woodland favoured the English, both because of its narrowness, and because of the thick <a href="/wiki/Mud" title="Mud">mud</a> through which the French knights had to walk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWason200474_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWason200474-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes199648_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes199648-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accounts of the battle describe the French engaging the English men-at-arms before being rushed from the sides by the longbowmen as the <a href="/wiki/Melee" title="Melee">melee</a> developed. The English account in the <i>Gesta Henrici</i> says: "For when some of them, killed when battle was first joined, fall at the front, so great was the undisciplined violence and pressure of the mass of men behind them that the living fell on top of the dead, and others falling on top of the living were killed as well."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200037_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200037-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the French initially pushed the English back, they became so closely packed that they were described as having trouble using their weapons properly. The French monk of St. Denis says: "Their vanguard, composed of about 5,000 men, found itself at first so tightly packed that those who were in the third rank could scarcely use their swords,"<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Burgundian sources have a similar passage. </p><p>Recent heavy rain had made the battle field very muddy, proving very tiring to walk through in full <a href="/wiki/Plate_armour" title="Plate armour">plate armour</a>. The French monk of St. Denis describes the French troops as "marching through the middle of the mud where they sank up to their knees. So they were already overcome with fatigue even before they advanced against the enemy". The deep, soft mud particularly favoured the English force because, once knocked to the ground, the heavily armoured French knights had a hard time getting back up to fight in the melee. Barker states that some knights, encumbered by their armour, actually drowned in their helmets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015303_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015303-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fighting">Fighting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fighting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening_moves">Opening moves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Opening moves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morning_of_the_Battle_of_Agincourt,_25th_October_1415.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Morning_of_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_25th_October_1415.PNG/220px-Morning_of_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_25th_October_1415.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Morning_of_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_25th_October_1415.PNG/330px-Morning_of_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_25th_October_1415.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Morning_of_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_25th_October_1415.PNG/440px-Morning_of_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_25th_October_1415.PNG 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2710" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_(painter)" title="John Gilbert (painter)">John Gilbert</a> – <i>The Morning of the Battle of Agincourt</i> (1884), <a href="/wiki/Guildhall_Art_Gallery" title="Guildhall Art Gallery">Guildhall Art Gallery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On the morning of 25 October, the French were still waiting for additional troops to arrive. The <a href="/wiki/Anthony,_Duke_of_Brabant" title="Anthony, Duke of Brabant">Duke of Brabant</a> (about 2,000 men),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009449_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009449-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Anjou" title="Louis II of Anjou">Duke of Anjou</a> (about 600 men),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009449_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009449-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/John_VI,_Duke_of_Brittany" class="mw-redirect" title="John VI, Duke of Brittany">Duke of Brittany</a> (6,000 men, according to Monstrelet),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009416_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009416-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were all marching to join the army. </p><p>For three hours after sunrise there was no fighting. Military textbooks of the time stated: "Everywhere and on all occasions that foot soldiers march against their enemy face to face, those who march lose and those who remain standing still and holding firm win."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015290_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015290-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On top of this, the French were expecting thousands of men to join them if they waited. They were blocking Henry's retreat, and were willing to wait for as long as it took. There had been a suggestion that the English would run away rather than give battle when they saw that they would be fighting so many French princes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015291_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015291-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry's men were already very weary from hunger and illness and from their ongoing retreat. Apparently Henry believed his fleeing army would perform better on the defensive, but had to halt the retreat and somehow engage the French before a defensive battle was possible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009436–437_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009436–437-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This entailed abandoning his chosen position, in which the longbowmen were defended from cavalry charges by long sharpened wooden stakes set in the ground and pointed towards the French lines. These stakes had to be pulled out of the ground, carried to the army's new position, and reinstalled to defend the English lines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan197690–91_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan197690–91-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of stakes was an innovation for the English: during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cr%C3%A9cy" title="Battle of Crécy">Battle of Crécy</a>, for example, the archers had been instead protected by pits and other obstacles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett1994_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett1994-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tightness of the terrain also seems to have restricted the planned deployment of the French forces. The French had originally drawn up a battle plan that had archers and crossbowmen in front of their men-at-arms, with a cavalry force at the rear specifically designed to "fall upon the archers, and use their force to break them,"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015275_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015275-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in the event, the French archers and crossbowmen were deployed <i>behind</i> and to the sides of the men-at-arms. The French archers seem to have played almost no part, except possibly for an initial volley of arrows at the start of the battle. The cavalry force, which could have devastated the English line if it had attacked while they moved their stakes, charged only <i>after</i> the initial volley of arrows from the English. It is unclear whether the delay occurred because the French were hoping the English would launch a frontal assault and were surprised when the English instead started shooting from their new defensive position, or whether the French mounted knights instead did not react quickly enough to the English advance. French chroniclers agree that when the mounted charge did come, it did not contain as many men as it should have; Gilles le Bouvier states that some had wandered off to warm themselves and others were walking or feeding their horses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015294_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015294-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_cavalry_attack">French cavalry attack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: French cavalry attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French cavalry, despite being disorganised and not at full numbers, charged towards the longbowmen. It was a disastrous attempt. The French knights were unable to outflank the longbowmen because of the encroaching woodland; they were also unable to charge through the array of sharpened stakes that protected the archers. <a href="/wiki/John_Keegan" title="John Keegan">John Keegan</a> argues that the longbows' main influence on the battle at this point was injuries to horses: armoured only on the head, many horses would have become dangerously out of control when struck in the back or flank from the high-elevation, long-range shots used as the charge started.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan197692–96_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan197692–96-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mounted charge and subsequent retreat churned up the already muddy terrain between the French and the English. Juliet Barker quotes a contemporary account by a monk from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Denis Basilica">Saint Denis Basilica</a> who reports how the wounded and panicking horses galloped through the advancing infantry, scattering them and trampling them down in their headlong flight from the battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015297_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015297-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_French_assault">Main French assault</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Main French assault"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt,_1415.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png/260px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png/390px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png/520px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>King Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt, 1415, by Sir John Gilbert in the 19th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite advancing through what the French monk of Saint Denis described as "a terrifying hail of arrow shot", the plate armour of the French men-at-arms allowed them to close the distance to the English lines after the English longbowmen started shooting from extreme longbow range (approximately 300 yards (270 m)).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009436–439_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009436–439-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A complete coat of plate was considered such good protection that shields were generally not used,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson2004109_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson2004109-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the Burgundian contemporary sources distinguish between Frenchmen who used shields and those who did not, and Rogers has suggested that the front elements of the French force used axes and shields.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200890_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200890-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern historians are divided on how effective the longbows would have been against plate armour of the time. Modern test and contemporary accounts conclude that arrows could not penetrate the better quality steel armour, which became available to knights and men-at-arms of fairly modest means by the middle of the 14th century, but could penetrate the poorer quality <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> armour.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rogers suggested that the longbow could penetrate a wrought iron breastplate at short range and penetrate the thinner armour on the limbs even at 220 yards (200 m). He considered a knight in the best-quality steel armour invulnerable to an arrow on the breastplate or top of the helmet, but vulnerable to shots hitting the limbs, particularly at close range.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers2008110–113_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers2008110–113-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In any case, to protect themselves as much as possible from the arrows, the French had to lower their visors and bend their helmeted heads to avoid being shot in the face, as the eye- and air-holes in their helmets were among the weakest points in the armour. This head-lowered position restricted their breathing and their vision. Then they had to walk a few hundred yards (metres) through thick mud and a press of comrades while wearing armour weighing 50–60 pounds (23–27 kg), gathering sticky <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> all the way. Increasingly, they had to walk around or over fallen comrades.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015301_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015301-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_57.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_57.jpg/220px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_57.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_57.jpg/330px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_57.jpg/440px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="1757" /></a><figcaption>Miniature from Vigiles du roi Charles VII. The battle of Azincourt 1415.</figcaption></figure> <p>The surviving French men-at-arms reached the front of the English line and pushed it back, with the longbowmen on the flanks continuing to shoot at point-blank range. When the archers ran out of arrows, they dropped their bows and, using <a href="/wiki/Hatchet" title="Hatchet">hatchets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">swords</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mallet" title="Mallet">mallets</a> they had used to drive their stakes in, attacked the now disordered, fatigued and wounded French men-at-arms massed in front of them. The French could not cope with the thousands of lightly armoured longbowmen assailants, who were much less hindered by the mud and weight of their armour, combined with the English men-at-arms. The impact of thousands of arrows, combined with the slog in heavy armour through the mud, the heat and difficulty breathing in plate armour with the visor down,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the crush of their numbers, meant the French men-at-arms could "scarcely lift their weapons" when they finally engaged the English line.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2000159_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2000159-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exhausted French men-at-arms were unable to get up after being knocked to the ground by the English. As the melee developed, the French second line also joined the attack, but they too were swallowed up, with the narrow terrain meaning the extra numbers could not be used effectively. Rogers suggested that the French at the back of their deep formation would have been attempting to literally add their weight to the advance, without realising that they were hindering the ability of those at the front to manoeuvre and fight by pushing them into the English formation of lancepoints. After the initial wave, the French would have had to fight over and on the bodies of those who had fallen before them. In such a "<a href="/wiki/Crowd_crush" class="mw-redirect" title="Crowd crush">press</a>" of thousands of men, Rogers suggested that many could have suffocated in their armour, as was described by several sources, and which was also known to have happened in other battles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200895–98_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200895–98-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French men-at-arms were taken prisoner or killed in the thousands. The fighting lasted about three hours, but eventually the leaders of the second line were killed or captured, as those of the first line had been. The English <i>Gesta Henrici</i> described three great heaps of the slain around the three main English standards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200037_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200037-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to contemporary English accounts, Henry fought hand to hand. Upon hearing that his youngest brother <a href="/wiki/Humphrey,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester">Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester</a> had been wounded in the groin, Henry took his household guard and stood over his brother, in the front rank of the fighting, until Humphrey could be dragged to safety. The king received an axe blow to the head, which knocked off a piece of the crown that formed part of his helmet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009443_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009443-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attack_on_the_English_baggage_train">Attack on the English baggage train</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Attack on the English baggage train"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg/170px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg/255px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg/340px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>1915 depiction of Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt : The King wears on this surcoat the Royal Arms of England, quartered with the Fleur de Lys of France as a symbol of his claim to the throne of France.</figcaption></figure> <p>The only French success was an attack on the lightly protected English baggage train, with Ysembart d'Azincourt (leading a small number of men-at-arms and <a href="/wiki/Squire" title="Squire">varlets</a> plus about 600 peasants) seizing some of Henry's personal treasures, including a crown.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2006207–209_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2006207–209-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether this was part of a deliberate French plan or an act of local <a href="/wiki/Brigandage" title="Brigandage">brigandage</a> is unclear from the sources. Certainly, d'Azincourt was a local knight but he might have been chosen to lead the attack because of his local knowledge and the lack of availability of a more senior soldier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015311_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015311-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some accounts the attack happened towards the end of the battle, and led the English to think they were being attacked from the rear. Barker, following the <i>Gesta Henrici</i>, believed to have been written by an English chaplain who was actually in the baggage train, concluded that the attack happened at the <i>start</i> of the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015311_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015311-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Henry_executes_French_prisoners">Henry executes French prisoners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Henry executes French prisoners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regardless of when the baggage assault happened, at some point after the initial English victory, Henry became alarmed that the French were regrouping for another attack. The <i>Gesta Henrici</i> places this after the English had overcome the onslaught of the French men-at-arms and the weary English troops were eyeing the French rearguard ("in incomparable number and still fresh").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200037_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200037-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le Fèvre and Wavrin similarly say that it was signs of the French rearguard regrouping and "marching forward in battle order" which made the English think they were still in danger.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2000163_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2000163-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry ordered the slaughter of most of the French prisoners, possibly numbering in the thousands. He ordered only the highest-ranked prisoners to be spared, presumably because they were the most likely to fetch a large ransom under the chivalric system of warfare. The prisoners outnumbered their captors; according to most chroniclers, Henry feared that the prisoners would realise their advantage in numbers, rearm themselves with the weapons strewn about the field, and overwhelm the exhausted English forces. Contemporary chroniclers did not criticise Henry for ordering the killing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015305–308_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015305–308-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his study of the battle John Keegan argued that the main aim was not to actually kill the French prisoners but rather to terrorise them into submission and quell any possibility they might resume the fight, which would probably have caused the uncommitted French reserve forces to join the fray, as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1976107–112_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1976107–112-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such an event would have posed a risk to the still-outnumbered English and could have easily turned their victory into a mutually destructive defeat, as the English forces were now largely intermingled with the French and would have suffered grievously from the arrows of their own longbowmen had they needed to resume fighting. The English knights refused to assist in the killing of these prisoners due to their belief that it was unchivalrous. Keegan, estimating that only around 200 archers were involved in the task and recognizing the difficulty of killing thousands of prisoners quickly, speculates that relatively few prisoners were actually killed before the French reserves fled the field and Henry rescinded the order.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1976112_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1976112-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French had suffered a catastrophic defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015459_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015459-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all, around 6,000 of their fighting men were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200038,_121,_127_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200038,_121,_127-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2006187,_192,_233,_248_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2006187,_192,_233,_248-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015459,_461_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015459,_461-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list of casualties, one historian has noted, "read like a roll call of the military and political leaders of the past generation".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015459_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015459-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among them were 90–120 great lords and <a href="/wiki/Knight_banneret" title="Knight banneret">bannerets</a> killed, including<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200038,_53,_93,_168,_169_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200038,_53,_93,_168,_169-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> three dukes (<a href="/wiki/John_I,_Duke_of_Alen%C3%A7on" title="John I, Duke of Alençon">Alençon</a>, Bar and <a href="/wiki/Antoine,_Duke_of_Brabant" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine, Duke of Brabant">Brabant</a>), nine counts (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_II,_Count_of_Bl%C3%A2mont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry II, Count of Blâmont (page does not exist)">Blâmont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Albret" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Albret">Dreux</a>, Fauquembergue, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_II,_Count_of_Grandpr%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward II, Count of Grandpré (page does not exist)">Grandpré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Bar,_Count_of_Marle" title="Robert of Bar, Count of Marle">Marle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_Count_of_Nevers" title="Philip II, Count of Nevers">Nevers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Roucy" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Roucy">Roucy</a>, Vaucourt, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_of_Lorraine,_Count_of_Vaud%C3%A9mont" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick of Lorraine, Count of Vaudémont">Vaudémont</a>) and one viscount (<a href="/wiki/John_of_Bar" title="John of Bar">Puisaye</a>), also an archbishop.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015325_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015325-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the great royal office holders, France lost its constable (Albret), an <a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_France" title="Admiral of France">admiral</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Ch%C3%A2tillon_de_Dampierre" title="Jacques de Châtillon de Dampierre">lord of Dampierre</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Crossbowmen" title="Master of Crossbowmen">Master of Crossbowmen</a> (<a href="/wiki/David_de_Rambures" title="David de Rambures">David de Rambures</a>, dead along with three sons), Master of the Royal Household (Guichard Dauphin) and <i>prévôt</i> of the marshals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015xxii,_325,_327_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015xxii,_325,_327-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the heralds, 3,069 knights and squires were killed,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while at least 2,600 more corpses were found without coats of arms to identify them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015459_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015459-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Entire noble families were wiped out in the male line, and in some regions an entire generation of landed nobility was annihilated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015460_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015460-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(France)" title="Bailiff (France)">bailiffs</a> of nine major northern towns were killed, often along with their sons, relatives and supporters. In the words of Juliet Barker, the battle "cut a great swath through the natural leaders of French society in <a href="/wiki/County_of_Artois" title="County of Artois">Artois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ponthieu" title="Ponthieu">Ponthieu</a>, Normandy, <a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015326–327_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015326–327-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estimates of the number of prisoners vary between 700 and 2,200, amongst them the dukes of <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charles, Duke of Orléans">Orléans</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Bourbon" class="mw-redirect" title="John I of Bourbon">Bourbon</a>, the counts of <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Artois,_Count_of_Eu" title="Charles of Artois, Count of Eu">Eu</a>, Vendôme, Richemont (brother of the <a href="/wiki/John_V,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="John V, Duke of Brittany">Duke of Brittany</a> and stepbrother of Henry V) and <a href="/wiki/John_VII_of_Harcourt" class="mw-redirect" title="John VII of Harcourt">Harcourt</a>, and marshal <a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_Maingre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Le Maingre">Jean Le Maingre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015337,_367,_368_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015337,_367,_368-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While numerous English sources give the English casualties in double figures,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200012_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> record evidence identifies at least 112 Englishmen killed in the fighting,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015324_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015324-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Monstrelet reported 600 English dead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200012_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These included the <a href="/wiki/Edward,_2nd_Duke_of_York" title="Edward, 2nd Duke of York">Duke of York</a>, the young <a href="/wiki/Michael_de_la_Pole,_3rd_Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk">Earl of Suffolk</a> and the Welsh esquire <a href="/wiki/Dafydd_Gam" title="Dafydd Gam">Dafydd ("Davy") Gam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Wavrin" title="Jean de Wavrin">Jean de Wavrin</a>, a knight on the French side, wrote that English fatalities were 1,600 "men of all ranks". </p><p>Although the victory had been militarily decisive, its impact was complex. It did not lead to further English conquests immediately as Henry's priority was to return to England, which he did on 16 November, to be received in <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumph</a> in London on the 23rd.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009475,_479_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009475,_479-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry returned a conquering hero, seen as blessed by God in the eyes of his subjects and European powers outside France. It established the legitimacy of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancastrian monarchy</a> and the future campaigns of Henry to pursue his "rights and privileges" in France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009547–549_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009547–549-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other benefits to the English were longer term. Very quickly after the battle, the fragile truce between the <a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(party)" title="Armagnac (party)">Armagnac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_(party)" title="Burgundian (party)">Burgundian</a> factions broke down. The brunt of the battle had fallen on the Armagnacs and it was they who suffered the majority of senior casualties and carried the blame for the defeat. The Burgundians seized on the opportunity and within 10 days of the battle had mustered their armies and marched on Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015358_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015358-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This lack of unity in France allowed Henry eighteen months to prepare militarily and politically for a renewed campaign. When that campaign took place, it was made easier by the damage done to the political and military structures of Normandy by the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015385_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015385-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numbers_at_Agincourt">Numbers at Agincourt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Numbers at Agincourt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most primary sources which describe the battle have the English outnumbered by several times. By contrast, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Curry" title="Anne Curry">Anne Curry</a> in her 2005 book <i>Agincourt: A New History</i> argued, based on research into the surviving administrative records, that the French army was 12,000 strong, and the English army 9,000, proportions of four to three.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2006192_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2006192-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While not necessarily agreeing with the exact numbers Curry uses, Bertrand Schnerb, a professor of medieval history at the University of Lille, states the French probably had 12,000–15,000 troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlanz2009_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlanz2009-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Barker" title="Juliet Barker">Juliet Barker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Sumption">Jonathan Sumption</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clifford_J._Rogers" title="Clifford J. Rogers">Clifford J. Rogers</a> criticized Curry's reliance on administrative records, arguing that they are incomplete and that several of the available primary sources already offer a credible assessment of the numbers involved.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015xvi_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015xvi-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015814_n._11_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015814_n._11-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers2008114–121_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers2008114–121-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Mortimer_(historian)" title="Ian Mortimer (historian)">Ian Mortimer</a> endorsed Curry's methodology, though applied it more liberally, noting how she "minimises French numbers (by limiting her figures to those in the basic army and a few specific additional companies) and maximises English numbers (by assuming the numbers sent home from Harfleur were no greater than sick lists)", and concluded that "the most extreme imbalance which is credible" is 15,000 French against 8,000–9,000 English.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009565,_566_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009565,_566-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barker opined that "if the differential really was as low as three to four then this makes a nonsense of the course of the battle as described by eyewitnesses and contemporaries".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015xvi_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015xvi-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Barker, Sumption and Rogers all wrote that the English probably had 6,000 men, these being 5,000 archers and 900–1,000 men-at-arms. These numbers are based on the <i>Gesta Henrici Quinti</i> and the chronicle of Jean Le Fèvre, the only two eyewitness accounts on the English camp.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200842,_114–121_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200842,_114–121-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015441_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015441-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curry and Mortimer questioned the reliability of the <i>Gesta</i>, as there have been doubts as to how much it was written as propaganda for Henry V. Both note that the <i>Gesta</i> vastly overestimates the number of French in the battle; its proportions of English archers to men-at-arms at the battle are also different from those of the English army before the siege of Harfleur. Mortimer also considers that the <i>Gesta</i> vastly inflates the English casualties – 5,000 – at Harfleur, and that "despite the trials of the march, Henry had lost very few men to illness or death; and we have independent testimony that no more than 160 had been captured on the way".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009565_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009565-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rogers, on the other hand, finds the number 5,000 plausible, giving several analogous historical events to support his case,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers2008114–121_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers2008114–121-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Barker considers that the fragmentary pay records which Curry relies on actually support the lower estimates. </p><p>Historians disagree less about the French numbers. Rogers, Mortimer<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009429_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009429-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sumption<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015452–453_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015452–453-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all give more or less 10,000 men-at-arms for the French, using as a source the herald of the <a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" title="John, Duke of Berry">Duke of Berry</a>, an eyewitness. The number is supported by many other contemporary accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200857–59_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200857–59-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curry, Rogers<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_62–63_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_62–63-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mortimer<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009422,_565_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009422,_565-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all agree the French had 4 to 5 thousand missile troops. Sumption, thus, concludes that the French had 14,000 men, basing himself on the <a href="/wiki/Michel_Pintoin" title="Michel Pintoin">monk of St. Denis</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015449,_815_(n._20)_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015449,_815_(n._20)-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mortimer gives 14 or 15 thousand fighting men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009565_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009565-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One particular cause of confusion may have been the number of servants on both sides, or whether they should at all be counted as combatants. Since the French had many more men-at-arms than the English, they would accordingly be accompanied by a far greater number of servants. Rogers says each of the 10,000 men-at-arms would be accompanied by a <i>gros <a href="/wiki/Valet" title="Valet">valet</a></i> (an armed, armoured and mounted military servant) and a noncombatant page, counts the former as fighting men, and concludes thus that the French in fact numbered 24,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_60–62_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_60–62-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barker, who believes the English were outnumbered by at least four to one,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015x,_274_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015x,_274-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> says that the armed servants formed the rearguard in the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015278–279_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015278–279-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mortimer notes the presence of noncombatant pages only, indicating that they would ride the spare horses during the battle and be mistakenly thought of as combatants by the English.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009421–422_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009421–422-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_representations">Popular representations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Popular representations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agincourtcarol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Agincourtcarol.jpg/220px-Agincourtcarol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Agincourtcarol.jpg/330px-Agincourtcarol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Agincourtcarol.jpg/440px-Agincourtcarol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="1161" /></a><figcaption>The 15th century <a href="/wiki/Agincourt_Carol" title="Agincourt Carol">Agincourt Carol</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The battle remains an important symbol in popular culture. Some notable examples are listed below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soon after the victory at Agincourt, a number of popular folk songs were created about the battle, the most famous being the "<a href="/wiki/Agincourt_Carol" title="Agincourt Carol">Agincourt Carol</a>", produced in the first half of the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2000280–283_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2000280–283-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other ballads followed, including "<a href="/wiki/King_Henry_Fifth%27s_Conquest_of_France" title="King Henry Fifth's Conquest of France">King Henry Fifth's Conquest of France</a>", raising the popular prominence of particular events mentioned only in passing by the original chroniclers, such as the gift of tennis balls before the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf2003323_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf2003323-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V (play)</a></div> <p>The most famous cultural depiction of the battle today is in Act IV of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i>, written in 1599. The play focuses on the pressures of kingship, the tensions between how a king should <i>appear</i> – chivalric, honest, and just – and how a king must sometimes <i>act</i> – <a href="/wiki/Machiavelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Machiavelli">Machiavellian</a> and ruthless.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECantor200615_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECantor200615-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shakespeare illustrates these tensions by depicting Henry's decision to kill some of the French prisoners, whilst attempting to justify it and distance himself from the event. This moment of the battle is portrayed both as a break with the traditions of chivalry and as a key example of the paradox of kingship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECantor200621–22_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECantor200621–22-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shakespeare's depiction of the battle also plays on the theme of modernity. He contrasts the modern, English king and his army with the medieval, chivalric, older model of the French.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECantor200620_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECantor200620-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shakespeare's play presented Henry as leading a truly English force into battle, playing on the importance of the link between the monarch and the common soldiers in the fight.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECantor200616_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECantor200616-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original play does not, however, feature any scenes of the actual battle itself, leading critic <a href="/wiki/Rose_Zimbardo" title="Rose Zimbardo">Rose Zimbardo</a> to characterise it as "full of warfare, yet empty of conflict."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008193_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008193-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The play introduced the famous <a href="/wiki/St_Crispin%27s_Day_Speech" title="St Crispin's Day Speech">St Crispin's Day Speech</a>, considered one of Shakespeare's most heroic speeches, which Henry delivers movingly to his soldiers just before the battle, urging his "band of brothers" to stand together in the forthcoming fight.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolies2008149_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolies2008149-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critic David Margolies describes how it "oozes honour, military glory, love of country and self-sacrifice", and forms one of the first instances of English literature linking solidarity and comradeship to success in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolies2008149_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolies2008149-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams200231_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams200231-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Partially as a result, the battle was used as a metaphor at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War I)">British Expeditionary Force</a>'s attempts to stop the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Army" title="Imperial German Army">German</a> advances were widely likened to it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams2002183_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams2002183-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shakespeare's portrayal of the casualty loss is ahistorical in that the French are stated to have lost 10,000 and the English 'less than' thirty men, prompting Henry's remark, "O God, thy arm was here". </p><p>In 2008, English-American author <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cornwell" title="Bernard Cornwell">Bernard Cornwell</a> released a retelling of both the events leading up the battle and the battle itself, titled <a href="/wiki/Azincourt_(novel)" title="Azincourt (novel)"><i>Azincourt</i></a>. The story is told predominantly through the eyes of an English longbowman named Nicholas Hook. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shakespeare's version of the battle of Agincourt has been turned into several minor and two major films. The latter, each titled <i>Henry V</i>, star <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(1944_film)" title="Henry V (1944 film)">1944</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(1989_film)" title="Henry V (1989 film)">1989</a>. Made just prior to the invasion of Normandy, Olivier's rendition gives the battle what Sarah Hatchuel has termed an "exhilarating and heroic" tone, with an artificial, cinematic look to the battle scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008194–195_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008194–195-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Branagh's version gives a longer, more <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realist</a> portrayal of the battle itself, drawing on both historical sources and images from the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Falkland_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Falkland War">Falkland Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008195_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008195-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his 2007 film adaptation, director Peter Babakitis uses digital effects to exaggerate realist features during the battle scenes, producing a more <i><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">avant-garde</a></i> interpretation of the fighting at Agincourt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008200_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008200-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle also forms a central component of the 2019 Netflix film <a href="/wiki/The_King_(2019_film)" title="The King (2019 film)"><i>The King</i></a>, which stars <a href="/wiki/Timoth%C3%A9e_Chalamet" title="Timothée Chalamet">Timothée Chalamet</a> as Henry V and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Pattinson" title="Robert Pattinson">Robert Pattinson</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Guyenne" title="Louis, Duke of Guyenne">Dauphin of Viennois</a>. The film takes inspiration from Shakespeare's Henriad plays<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mock_trial">Mock trial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mock trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2010, a mock trial of Henry V for the crimes associated with the slaughter of the prisoners was held in Washington, D.C., drawing from both the historical record and Shakespeare's play. Participating as judges were Justices <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alito</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a>. The trial ranged widely over whether there was just cause for war and not simply the prisoner issue. Although an audience vote was "too close to call", Henry was unanimously found guilty by the court on the basis of "evolving standards of civil society".<sup id="cite_ref-mock-trial-cspan_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mock-trial-cspan-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mock-trial-cd_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mock-trial-cd-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mock-trial-lawj_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mock-trial-lawj-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:left;max-width:1108px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AGINCOURT.hto3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battlefield today"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/AGINCOURT.hto3.jpg/1100px-AGINCOURT.hto3.jpg" decoding="async" width="1100" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/AGINCOURT.hto3.jpg/1650px-AGINCOURT.hto3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/AGINCOURT.hto3.jpg/2200px-AGINCOURT.hto3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5437" data-file-height="936" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:AGINCOURT.hto3.jpg" title="File:AGINCOURT.hto3.jpg"> </a></div>Battlefield today</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agincourt_today">Agincourt today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Agincourt today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a modern museum in Azincourt village dedicated to the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum lists the names of combatants of both sides who died in the battle. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agincourt_Memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Agincourt Memorial"><img alt="Agincourt Memorial" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Agincourt_Memorial.jpg/140px-Agincourt_Memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Agincourt_Memorial.jpg/210px-Agincourt_Memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Agincourt_Memorial.jpg/280px-Agincourt_Memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1998" data-file-height="2855" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Agincourt Memorial</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agincourt_archers_memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A list of English archers killed at Agincourt, as recorded in the village's museum"><img alt="A list of English archers killed at Agincourt, as recorded in the village's museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Agincourt_archers_memorial.jpg/150px-Agincourt_archers_memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Agincourt_archers_memorial.jpg/225px-Agincourt_archers_memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Agincourt_archers_memorial.jpg/300px-Agincourt_archers_memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A list of English archers killed at Agincourt, as recorded in the village's museum</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The story of the battle has been retold many times in English, from the 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Agincourt_Carol" title="Agincourt Carol">Agincourt song</a> onwards and an English pronunciation of <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">AJ</span>-in-kort</i></a> has become established.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern tendency is to use a style closer to French, such as <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">AJ</span>-in-kor</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ʒ/: 's' in 'pleasure'">ʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">AZH</span>-in-koor</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dates in the fifteenth century are difficult to reconcile with modern calendars: see <a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 226–228 for the way the date of the battle was established.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first known use of angled stakes to thwart a mounted charge was at the Battle of Nicopolis, an engagement between European states and Turkish forces in 1396, twenty years before Agincourt. French knights, charging uphill, were unseated from their horses, either because their mounts were injured on the stakes or because they dismounted to uproot the obstacles, and were overpowered. News of the contrivance circulated within Europe and was described in a book of tactics written in 1411 by <a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Maingre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean le Maingre">Boucicault</a>, Marshal of France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett19947,_15–16_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett19947,_15–16-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">With 4,800 men-at-arms in the vanguard, 3,000 in the main battle, and 1,200 in the infantry wings,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2000181_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2000181-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with 800 and 200 in each cavalry force,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200060–61,_71,_106,_161,_173,_468_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200060–61,_71,_106,_161,_173,_468-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the total number of men-at-arms was 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2000181_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2000181-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There may have been men-at-arms in the rearguard but, if so, no more than a couple of hundred.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200859Mortimer2009429_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200859Mortimer2009429-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As reported by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Walsingham" title="Thomas Walsingham">Thomas Walsingham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200053_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200053-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources agree closely, citing 4,000 dead in this group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2000131,_182_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2000131,_182-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reportedly 1,500 knights died.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200038,_93_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200038,_93-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. xvi–xvii, xxi, 220, 229, 276, 388–392; <a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, pp. 42, 114–121; <a href="#CITEREFSumption2015">Sumption 2015</a>, pp. 441, 814 (n. 11)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009566-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009566_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, p. 566.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, pp. 57, 59 (n. 71); <a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, pp. 565, 566; <a href="#CITEREFSumption2015">Sumption 2015</a>, pp. 449, 815 (n. 20); <a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, p. 102</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200860–62-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200860–62_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, pp. 60–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, pp. 57–59; <a href="#CITEREFSumption2015">Sumption 2015</a>, pp. 452–453; <a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, pp. 429; <a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, p. 181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, pp. 57, 62–63; <a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, pp. 422, 565</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_60–62-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_60–62_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_60–62_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200857,_60–62_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, pp. 57, 60–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200012-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200012_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200012_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200012_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015320-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015320_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, p. 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2006187,_192,_233,_248-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2006187,_192,_233,_248_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2006187,_192,_233,_248_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurry2006">Curry 2006</a>, pp. 187, 192, 233, 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015459,_461-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015459,_461_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015459,_461_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSumption2015">Sumption 2015</a>, pp. 459, 461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015337,_367,_368-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015337,_367,_368_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015337,_367,_368_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 337, 367, 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a> has a small audio file here: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/audio.pl?ggazin02.wav=Agincourt">"Agincourt"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Pronunciation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Pronunciation&rft.atitle=Agincourt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Faudio.pl%3Fggazin02.wav%3DAgincourt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlaussonSangster,_Catherine2006" class="citation book cs1">Olausson, Lena; Sangster, Catherine (2006). <i>Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation: The Essential Handbook of the Spoken Word</i>. Oxford, England: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280710-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280710-6"><bdi>978-0-19-280710-6</bdi></a>. <q><b>aj</b>-in-kor/ˈadʒɪnˌkɔː(r)/ the established anglicization</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+BBC+Guide+to+Pronunciation%3A+The+Essential+Handbook+of+the+Spoken+Word&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280710-6&rft.aulast=Olausson&rft.aufirst=Lena&rft.au=Sangster%2C+Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2003" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Daniel (2003). Roach, Peter; et al. (eds.). <i>English Pronouncing Dictionary</i> (16th ed.). Cambridge, England: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-01712-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-01712-1"><bdi>978-0-521-01712-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=12&rft.edition=16th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-01712-1&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As in this interview with <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Barker" title="Juliet Barker">Juliet Barker</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221145217/http://www.meettheauthor.co.uk/bookbites/915.html">"Juliet Barker"</a>. <i>Meet the Author</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meettheauthor.co.uk/bookbites/915.html">the original</a> on 21 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meet+the+Author&rft.atitle=Juliet+Barker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meettheauthor.co.uk%2Fbookbites%2F915.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistories2023" class="citation web cs1">Histories, Medieval (28 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medieval.eu/where-did-the-battle-of-agincourt-take-place/">"Where did the Battle of Agincourt take place?"</a>. <i>Medieval Histories</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medieval+Histories&rft.atitle=Where+did+the+Battle+of+Agincourt+take+place%3F&rft.date=2023-06-28&rft.aulast=Histories&rft.aufirst=Medieval&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medieval.eu%2Fwhere-did-the-battle-of-agincourt-take-place%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan197686-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan197686_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeegan1976">Keegan 1976</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200022–26-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200022–26_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, pp. 22–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHonig2012" class="citation journal cs1">Honig, Jan Willem (2012). "Reappraising Late Medieval Strategy: The Example of the 1415 Agincourt Campaign". <i>War in History</i>. <b>19</b> (123): <span class="nowrap">123–</span>151. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0968344511432975">10.1177/0968344511432975</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146219312">146219312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=War+in+History&rft.atitle=Reappraising+Late+Medieval+Strategy%3A+The+Example+of+the+1415+Agincourt+Campaign&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=123&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E123-%3C%2Fspan%3E151&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0968344511432975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146219312%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Honig&rft.aufirst=Jan+Willem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker201514-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker201514_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker201567–69-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker201567–69_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 67–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015107,_114-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015107,_114_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 107, 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beck1974-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beck1974_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck1974_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck1974" class="citation book cs1">Beck, Theodore (1974). <i>Cutting Edge: Early History of the Surgeons of London</i>. Lund Humphries Publishers Ltd. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0853313663" title="Special:BookSources/978-0853313663"><bdi>978-0853313663</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cutting+Edge%3A+Early+History+of+the+Surgeons+of+London&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Lund+Humphries+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0853313663&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrioreschi1996" class="citation book cs1">Prioreschi, Plinio (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wb_UMcH5C7EC"><i>A History of Medicine: Medieval medicine</i></a>. Horatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781888456059" title="Special:BookSources/9781888456059"><bdi>9781888456059</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Medicine%3A+Medieval+medicine&rft.pub=Horatius+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781888456059&rft.aulast=Prioreschi&rft.aufirst=Plinio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwb_UMcH5C7EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/27/henry-v-agincourt-fleet-invasion-france">"Guardian newspaper:French correction: Henry V's Agincourt fleet was half as big, historian claims, 28 July 2015"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. 27 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Guardian+newspaper%3AFrench+correction%3A+Henry+V%27s+Agincourt+fleet+was+half+as+big%2C+historian+claims%2C+28+July+2015&rft.date=2015-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2015%2Fjul%2F27%2Fhenry-v-agincourt-fleet-invasion-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHibbert197167-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHibbert197167_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHibbert1971">Hibbert 1971</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015221-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015221_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWylieWaugh1914118-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWylieWaugh1914118_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWylieWaugh1914">Wylie & Waugh 1914</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeward1999162-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeward1999162_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeward1999">Seward 1999</a>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214091454/http://dvlf.uchicago.edu/mot/semonce">"Living Dictionary of the French Language"</a>. 25 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dvlf.uchicago.edu/mot/semonce">the original</a> on 14 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Living+Dictionary+of+the+French+Language&rft.date=2013-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdvlf.uchicago.edu%2Fmot%2Fsemonce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (August 2013)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009436–437-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009436–437_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009436–437_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, pp. 436–437.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutherland (2015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingston2019" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Livingston" title="Michael Livingston">Livingston, Michael</a> (2019). "Where was Agincourt Fought?". <i>Medieval Warfare</i>. <b>IX</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">20–</span>33. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2211-5129">2211-5129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medieval+Warfare&rft.atitle=Where+was+Agincourt+Fought%3F&rft.volume=IX&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=2211-5129&rft.aulast=Livingston&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015454-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015454_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015454_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015454_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSumption2015">Sumption 2015</a>, p. 454.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett19947,_15–16-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett19947,_15–16_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennett1994">Bennett 1994</a>, pp. 7, 15–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2006166-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2006166_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurry2006">Curry 2006</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015269–270-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015269–270_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 269–270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015286-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015286_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, p. 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200857–59-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200857–59_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200857–59_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, pp. 57–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009429,_565-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009429,_565_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, pp. 429, 565.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015452–453-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015452–453_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015452–453_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSumption2015">Sumption 2015</a>, pp. 452–453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009422,_565-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009422,_565_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009422,_565_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, pp. 422, 565.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200859_n._71-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200859_n._71_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, p. 59 n. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015278–279,_280Curry2006141,_142,_184Mortimer2009428–429-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015278–279,_280Curry2006141,_142,_184Mortimer2009428–429_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 278–279, 280; <a href="#CITEREFCurry2006">Curry 2006</a>, pp. 141, 142, 184; <a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, pp. 428–429.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2006183–184Barker2015279,_280-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2006183–184Barker2015279,_280_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurry2006">Curry 2006</a>, pp. 183–184; <a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 279, 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillpotts198463-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillpotts198463_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhillpotts1984">Phillpotts 1984</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009428–429,_430Barker2015278–279Curry2000113,_115,_125-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009428–429,_430Barker2015278–279Curry2000113,_115,_125_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, pp. 428–429, 430; <a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 278–279; <a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, pp. 113, 115, 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015275,_278–279Rogers200864,_66–67,_69Phillpotts198462Mortimer2009429,_430-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015275,_278–279Rogers200864,_66–67,_69Phillpotts198462Mortimer2009429,_430_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 275, 278–279; <a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, pp. 64, 66–67, 69; <a href="#CITEREFPhillpotts1984">Phillpotts 1984</a>, pp. 62; <a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, p. 429, 430.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015278–279Rogers200861_(n._79),_62,_64,_66Phillpotts198462-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015278–279Rogers200861_(n._79),_62,_64,_66Phillpotts198462_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 278–279; <a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, pp. 61 (n. 79), 62, 64, 66; <a href="#CITEREFPhillpotts1984">Phillpotts 1984</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009429Sumption2015452Rogers200858Curry2000107,_132,_181-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009429Sumption2015452Rogers200858Curry2000107,_132,_181_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, p. 429; <a href="#CITEREFSumption2015">Sumption 2015</a>, p. 452; <a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, p. 58; <a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, pp. 107, 132, 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200863-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200863_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption2015452Barker2015279-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption2015452Barker2015279_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSumption2015">Sumption 2015</a>, p. 452; <a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015279-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015279_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015279,_280,_322,_331Curry2000156,_181,_183Curry2006182-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015279,_280,_322,_331Curry2000156,_181,_183Curry2006182_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 279, 280, 322, 331; <a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, pp. 156, 181, 183; <a href="#CITEREFCurry2006">Curry 2006</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200060–61,_71,_106,_161,_173,_468-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200060–61,_71,_106,_161,_173,_468_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200060–61,_71,_106,_161,_173,_468_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, pp. 60–61, 71, 106, 161, 173, 468.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200034,_35,_61,_161Rogers200863Barker2015280Mortimer2009429,_599_(n._109)-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200034,_35,_61,_161Rogers200863Barker2015280Mortimer2009429,_599_(n._109)_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, pp. 34, 35, 61, 161; <a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, p. 63; <a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, p. 280; <a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, pp. 429, 599 (n. 109).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry2000181-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2000181_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry2000181_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200859Mortimer2009429-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200859Mortimer2009429_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2008">Rogers 2008</a>, p. 59; <a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, p. 429.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015281–282-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015281–282_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, pp. 281–282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWason200474-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWason200474_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWason2004">Wason 2004</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes199648-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes199648_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolmes1996">Holmes 1996</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry200037-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200037_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200037_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry200037_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <a href="#CITEREFCurry2000">Curry 2000</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015303-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015303_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009449-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009449_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009449_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, p. 449.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009416-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2009416_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMortimer2009">Mortimer 2009</a>, p. 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015290-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015290_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, p. 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2015291-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2015291_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2015">Barker 2015</a>, p. 291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan197690–91-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan197690–91_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeegan1976">Keegan 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class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatchuel2008">Hatchuel 2008</a>, pp. 194–195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008195-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008195_141-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatchuel2008">Hatchuel 2008</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008200-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatchuel2008200_142-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatchuel2008">Hatchuel 2008</a>, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJagernauth2016" class="citation web cs1">Jagernauth, Kevin (3 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/news/general-news/joel-edgerton-talks-game-of-thrones-meets-shakespeare-project-with-david-michod-jane-got-a-gun-and-more-83994/">"Joel Edgerton Talks 'Game Of Thrones' Meets Shakespeare Project With David Michôd, 'Jane Got A Gun,' And More"</a>. <i>IndieWire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=Joel+Edgerton+Talks+%27Game+Of+Thrones%27+Meets+Shakespeare+Project+With+David+Mich%C3%B4d%2C+%27Jane+Got+A+Gun%2C%27+And+More&rft.date=2016-02-03&rft.aulast=Jagernauth&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2Fnews%2Fgeneral-news%2Fjoel-edgerton-talks-game-of-thrones-meets-shakespeare-project-with-david-michod-jane-got-a-gun-and-more-83994%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5707035/the-king-netflix-true-story/">"The True Story Behind Netflix's The King"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 25 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+True+Story+Behind+Netflix%27s+The+King&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5707035%2Fthe-king-netflix-true-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mock-trial-cspan-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mock-trial-cspan_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017093319/http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/id/221111">"Judgment at Agincourt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></i>. 16 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/id/221111">the original</a> on 17 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=C-SPAN&rft.atitle=Judgment+at+Agincourt&rft.date=2010-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-spanvideo.org%2Fprogram%2Fid%2F221111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span> link to video</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mock-trial-cd-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mock-trial-cd_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreanor2010" class="citation web cs1">Treanor, Tim (18 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dctheatrescene.com/2010/03/18/high-court-rules-for-french-at-agincourt/">"High Court Rules for French at Agincourt"</a>. <i>DC Theater Scene</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DC+Theater+Scene&rft.atitle=High+Court+Rules+for+French+at+Agincourt&rft.date=2010-03-18&rft.aulast=Treanor&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdctheatrescene.com%2F2010%2F03%2F18%2Fhigh-court-rules-for-french-at-agincourt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mock-trial-lawj-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mock-trial-lawj_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2010" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Andy (8 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202446381186">"High Court Justices, Legal Luminaries Debate Shakespeare's 'Henry V'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Law_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="National Law Journal">National Law Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=High+Court+Justices%2C+Legal+Luminaries+Debate+Shakespeare%27s+%27Henry+V%27&rft.date=2010-03-08&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.com%2Fjsp%2Farticle.jsp%3Fid%3D1202446381186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://illucolor.fr/7_vallees_comm/Azincourt/index.html">"Agincourt Museum"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agincourt+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fillucolor.fr%2F7_vallees_comm%2FAzincourt%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2002" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Michael C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dDqWvwezm0YC"><i>Echoes of War: A Thousand Years of Military History in Popular Culture</i></a>. University of Kentucky Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2240-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2240-3"><bdi>978-0-8131-2240-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Echoes+of+War%3A+A+Thousand+Years+of+Military+History+in+Popular+Culture&rft.pub=University+of+Kentucky+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2240-3&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdDqWvwezm0YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Juliet_Barker" title="Juliet Barker">Barker, Juliet</a> (2015) [2005]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QDVTKcmqHjcC"><i>Agincourt: The King, the Campaign, the Battle</i></a> [<i><span></span></i>US title:<i> Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England</i>] (revised and updated ed.). London: Abacus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11918-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11918-2"><bdi>978-0-349-11918-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agincourt%3A+The+King%2C+the+Campaign%2C+the+Battle&rft.place=London&rft.edition=revised+and+updated&rft.pub=Abacus&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-349-11918-2&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQDVTKcmqHjcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bennett_(historian)" title="Matthew Bennett (historian)">Bennett, M.</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://concours.histegeo.org/Battle_Tactics.pdf">"The Development of Battle Tactics in the Hundred Years War"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In <a href="/wiki/Anne_Curry" title="Anne Curry">Anne Curry</a>; Michael L. Hughes (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qmDNPvqETscC"><i>Arms, Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Woodbridge,_Suffolk" title="Woodbridge, Suffolk">Woodbridge</a>: Boydell Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">7–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-365-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-365-0"><bdi>978-0-85115-365-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180826113432/http://concours.histegeo.org/Battle_Tactics.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+Battle+Tactics+in+the+Hundred+Years+War&rft.btitle=Arms%2C+Armies+and+Fortifications+in+the+Hundred+Years+War&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-85115-365-0&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconcours.histegeo.org%2FBattle_Tactics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCantor2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cantor" title="Paul Cantor">Cantor, Paul A.</a> (2006). "Shakespeare's <i>Henry V</i>: From the Medieval to the Modern World". In John A. Murley & Sean D. Sutton (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Jbg7Xbrb8EC"><i>Perspectives on Politics in Shakespeare</i></a>. Lanham, MD, US: Lexington Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">11–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0900-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0900-7"><bdi>978-0-7391-0900-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shakespeare%27s+Henry+V%3A+From+the+Medieval+to+the+Modern+World&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+Politics+in+Shakespeare&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD%2C+US&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-0900-7&rft.aulast=Cantor&rft.aufirst=Paul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Jbg7Xbrb8EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurry2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Curry" title="Anne Curry">Curry, Anne</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H3V2Qv6E5cEC"><i>The Battle of Agincourt: Sources and Interpretations</i></a>. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-802-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-802-0"><bdi>978-0-85115-802-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Agincourt%3A+Sources+and+Interpretations&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-85115-802-0&rft.aulast=Curry&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH3V2Qv6E5cEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurry2006" class="citation book cs1">Curry, Anne (2006) [2005]. <i>Agincourt: A New History</i>. UK: Tempus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-2828-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-2828-4"><bdi>978-0-7524-2828-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agincourt%3A+A+New+History&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-2828-4&rft.aulast=Curry&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurryMercer2015" class="citation book cs1">Curry, Anne & Mercer, Malcolm, eds. (2015). <i>The Battle of Agincourt</i>. London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21430-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21430-7"><bdi>978-0-300-21430-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Agincourt&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-300-21430-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Agincourt"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Agincourt">"Agincourt" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Agincourt&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlanz2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Glanz" title="James Glanz">Glanz, James</a> (24 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/25/world/europe/25agincourt.html">"Historians Reassess Battle of Agincourt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Historians+Reassess+Battle+of+Agincourt&rft.date=2009-10-24&rft.aulast=Glanz&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F25%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F25agincourt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatchuelVienne-Guerrin2008" class="citation book cs1">Hatchuel, Sarah & Nathalie Vienne-Guerrin, eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7eOvTzeSy84C"><i>Shakespeare on Screen: The Henriad</i></a>. Rouen: Publications des Universités de Rouen et du Havre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87775-454-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87775-454-5"><bdi>978-2-87775-454-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+on+Screen%3A+The+Henriad&rft.place=Rouen&rft.pub=Publications+des+Universit%C3%A9s+de+Rouen+et+du+Havre&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-2-87775-454-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7eOvTzeSy84C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHatchuel2008">Hatchuel, Sarah (2008), "The Battle of Agincourt in Shakespeare's, Laurence Olivier's, Kenneth Branagh's and Peter Babakitis's <i>Henry V</i>", in <a href="#CITEREFHatchuelVienne-Guerrin2008">Hatchuel & Vienne-Guerrin 2008</a>, pp. 193–208.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHibbert1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hibbert" title="Christopher Hibbert">Hibbert, Christopher</a> (1971). <i>Great Battles – Agincourt</i>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84212-718-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84212-718-6"><bdi>978-1-84212-718-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Battles+%E2%80%93+Agincourt&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-1-84212-718-6&rft.aulast=Hibbert&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holmes_(military_historian)" title="Richard Holmes (military historian)">Holmes, Richard</a> (1996). <i>War Walks</i>. London: BBC Worldwide Publishing. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-563-38360-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-563-38360-4"><bdi>978-0-563-38360-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Walks&rft.place=London&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=BBC+Worldwide+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-563-38360-4&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHonig2012" class="citation journal cs1">Honig, Jan Willem (24 April 2012). "Reappraising Late Medieval Strategy: The Example of the 1415 Agincourt Campaign". <i><a href="/wiki/War_in_History" title="War in History">War in History</a></i>. <b>19</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">123–</span>151. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0968344511432975">10.1177/0968344511432975</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146219312">146219312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=War+in+History&rft.atitle=Reappraising+Late+Medieval+Strategy%3A+The+Example+of+the+1415+Agincourt+Campaign&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E123-%3C%2Fspan%3E151&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0968344511432975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146219312%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Honig&rft.aufirst=Jan+Willem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeegan1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Keegan" title="John Keegan">Keegan, John</a> (1976). <a href="/wiki/The_Face_of_Battle:_A_Study_of_Agincourt,_Waterloo,_and_the_Somme" class="mw-redirect" title="The Face of Battle: A Study of Agincourt, Waterloo, and the Somme"><i>The Face of Battle: A Study of Agincourt, Waterloo, and the Somme</i></a>. Penguin Classics Reprint. Viking Adult. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-004897-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-004897-1"><bdi>978-0-14-004897-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Face+of+Battle%3A+A+Study+of+Agincourt%2C+Waterloo%2C+and+the+Somme&rft.series=Penguin+Classics+Reprint&rft.pub=Viking+Adult&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-14-004897-1&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMargolies2008">Margolies, David (2008), "<i>Henry V</i> and Ideology", in <a href="#CITEREFHatchuelVienne-Guerrin2008">Hatchuel & Vienne-Guerrin 2008</a>, pp. 147–156.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortimer2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Mortimer_(historian)" title="Ian Mortimer (historian)">Mortimer, Ian</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SPW5xwL9XwMC"><i>1415: Henry V's Year of Glory</i></a>. London: The Bodley Head. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-224-07992-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-224-07992-1"><bdi>978-0-224-07992-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1415%3A+Henry+V%27s+Year+of+Glory&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Bodley+Head&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-224-07992-1&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSPW5xwL9XwMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson2004" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, Helen (2004). <i>Medieval Warfare</i>. Palgrave Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Warfare&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillpotts1984" class="citation journal cs1">Phillpotts, Christopher (1984). "The French plan of battle during the Agincourt campaign". <i><a href="/wiki/English_Historical_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="English Historical Review">English Historical Review</a></i>. <b>99</b> (390): <span class="nowrap">59–</span>66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FXCIX.CCCXC.59">10.1093/ehr/XCIX.CCCXC.59</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/567909">567909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+French+plan+of+battle+during+the+Agincourt+campaign&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=390&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FXCIX.CCCXC.59&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F567909%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Phillpotts&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_J._Rogers" title="Clifford J. Rogers">Rogers, C.J.</a> (2008). "The Battle of Agincourt". In L.J. Andrew Villalon & Donald J. Kagay (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190823202411/http://1.droppdf.com/files/a7ovL/the-hundred-years-war-part-ii-villalon.pdf"><i>The Hundred Years War (Part II): Different Vistas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Leiden: Brill (published 29 August 2008). pp. <span class="nowrap">37–</span>132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16821-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16821-3"><bdi>978-90-04-16821-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://1.droppdf.com/files/a7ovL/the-hundred-years-war-part-ii-villalon.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Agincourt&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years+War+%28Part+II%29%3A+Different+Vistas&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E132&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16821-3&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=C.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F1.droppdf.com%2Ffiles%2Fa7ovL%2Fthe-hundred-years-war-part-ii-villalon.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeward1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Seward" title="Desmond Seward">Seward, Desmond</a> (1999). <i>The Hundred Years War: The English in France 1337–1453</i>. Penguin. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-028361-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-028361-7"><bdi>978-0-14-028361-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years+War%3A+The+English+in+France+1337%E2%80%931453&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-14-028361-7&rft.aulast=Seward&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSumption2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Sumption">Sumption, Jonathan</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aDWXDgAAQBAJ"><i>The Hundred Years War IV: Cursed Kings</i></a>. London: Faber & Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-27454-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-27454-3"><bdi>978-0-571-27454-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years+War+IV%3A+Cursed+Kings&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-571-27454-3&rft.aulast=Sumption&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaDWXDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland2015" class="citation book cs1">Sutherland, Tim (17 November 2015). "The Battlefield". In <a href="/wiki/Anne_Curry" title="Anne Curry">Anne Curry</a>; Malcolm Mercer (eds.). <i>The Battle of Agincourt</i>. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21430-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21430-7"><bdi>978-0-300-21430-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Battlefield&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Agincourt&rft.place=New+Haven+%26+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2015-11-17&rft.isbn=978-0-300-21430-7&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWason2004" class="citation book cs1">Wason, David (2004). <i>Battlefield Detectives</i>. London: Carlton Books. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-233-05083-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-233-05083-6"><bdi>978-0-233-05083-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battlefield+Detectives&rft.place=London&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Carlton+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-233-05083-6&rft.aulast=Wason&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolf2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Woolf" title="Daniel Woolf">Woolf, Daniel</a> (12 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5fb2qsnZozMC"><i>The Social Circulation of the Past: English Historical Culture 1500–1730</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925778-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925778-2"><bdi>978-0-19-925778-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Social+Circulation+of+the+Past%3A+English+Historical+Culture+1500%E2%80%931730&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003-06-12&rft.isbn=978-0-19-925778-2&rft.aulast=Woolf&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5fb2qsnZozMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWylieWaugh1914" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton_Wylie" title="James Hamilton Wylie">Wylie, James Hamilton</a> & Waugh, William Templeton (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reignofhenryfift03wyliuoft"><i>The Reign of Henry the Fifth</i></a>. Cambridge: The University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reignofhenryfift03wyliuoft/page/118">118</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/313049420">313049420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reign+of+Henry+the+Fifth&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=The+University+Press&rft.date=1914&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F313049420&rft.aulast=Wylie&rft.aufirst=James+Hamilton&rft.au=Waugh%2C+William+Templeton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freignofhenryfift03wyliuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Beck, Steve (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/hundredyearswar/agincourt.aspx">The Battle of Agincourt</a>, <i>Military History Online</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bennett_(historian)" title="Matthew Bennett (historian)">Bennett, Matthew</a> (2000). "The Battle". In <a href="/wiki/Anne_Curry" title="Anne Curry">Curry, Anne</a> (ed.). <i>Agincourt 1415</i>. Stroud: Tempus. pp. <span class="nowrap">25–</span>30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-1780-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-1780-6"><bdi>978-0-7524-1780-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Battle&rft.btitle=Agincourt+1415&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-1780-6&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cooper, Stephen (2015). "Where was Agincourt fought?" <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.agincourt600.com/2015/06/09/where-was-agincourt-fought">[1]</a>, <i>Agincourt 600 website</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupuy1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_N._Dupuy" title="Trevor N. Dupuy">Dupuy, Trevor N.</a> (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/harperencycloped0000dupu"><i>Harper Encyclopedia of Military History</i></a></span>. New York: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-270056-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-270056-8"><bdi>978-0-06-270056-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harper+Encyclopedia+of+Military+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-06-270056-8&rft.aulast=Dupuy&rft.aufirst=Trevor+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fharperencycloped0000dupu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Family Chronicle.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050528061926/http://www.familychronicle.com/agincort.htm">The Agincourt Honor Roll</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410221606/http://familychronicle.com/fc-faq3.html">Family Chronicle</a>, March/April 1997.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum" title="Fitzwilliam Museum">The Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge</a> <i>Macclesfield Psalter CD</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Glanz, James (25 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/25/world/europe/25agincourt.html?_r=1&hp/">"Henry V's Greatest Victory is Besieged by Academia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Henry+V%27s+Greatest+Victory+is+Besieged+by+Academia&rft.date=2009-10-25&rft.aulast=Glanz&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F25%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F25agincourt.html%3F_r%3D1%26hp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Grummitt, David. (Oxford University), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deremilitari.org/REVIEWS/review8.htm">A review of <i>Agincourt 1415: Henry V, Sir Thomas Erpingham and the triumph of the English archers</i></a> ed. Anne Curry, Pub: Tempus UK, 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-1780-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-1780-0">0-7524-1780-0</a>. Accessed 15 April 2008.</li> <li>Hansen, Mogens Herman (Copenhagen Polis Centre) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606042716/http://www.dur.ac.uk/Classics/histos/1998/hansen.html">The Little Grey Horse – Henry V's Speech at Agincourt and the Battle Exhortation in Ancient Historiography</a> Histos volume 2 (March 1998), website of the Department of Classics and Ancient History, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Durham" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Durham">University of Durham</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2005" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Michael J. (2005). <i>Agincourt 1415</i>. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-251-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-251-3"><bdi>978-1-84415-251-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agincourt+1415&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84415-251-3&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolas1833" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Harris_Nicolas" title="Nicholas Harris Nicolas">Nicolas, Harris</a> (1833). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbattleo00nico"><i>History of the Battle of Agincourt, and of the expedition of Henry the Fifth into France in 1415; to which is added the Roll of the men at arms in the English army</i></a>. London: Johnson & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Battle+of+Agincourt%2C+and+of+the+expedition+of+Henry+the+Fifth+into+France+in+1415%3B+to+which+is+added+the+Roll+of+the+men+at+arms+in+the+English+army&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Johnson+%26+Co.&rft.date=1833&rft.aulast=Nicolas&rft.aufirst=Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofbattleo00nico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStricklandHardy2005" class="citation book cs1">Strickland, Matthew; Hardy, Robert (2005). <i>The Great Warbow</i>. Stroud: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-3167-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-3167-0"><bdi>978-0-7509-3167-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Warbow&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-3167-0&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Hardy%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland2005" class="citation journal cs1">Sutherland, Timothy L. (November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3985676">"The Battle of Agincourt: An Alternative location?"</a>. <i>Journal of Conflict Archaeology</i>. <b>1</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">245–</span>263. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157407705774928935">10.1163/157407705774928935</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161334286">161334286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Conflict+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Agincourt%3A+An+Alternative+location%3F&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E245-%3C%2Fspan%3E263&rft.date=2005-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157407705774928935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161334286%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Timothy+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3985676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li>"Battle of Agincourt" in <i>Military Heritage</i>, October 2005, Volume 7, No. 2, pp. 36–43. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1524-8666">1524-8666</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwain2017" class="citation news cs1">Swain, Robert L. (20 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/miracle-in-the-mud-the-hundred-years-wars-battle-of-agincourt/">"Miracle in the Mud: The Hundred Years' War's Battle of Agincourt"</a>. <i>Warfare History Network</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Warfare+History+Network&rft.atitle=Miracle+in+the+Mud%3A+The+Hundred+Years%27+War%27s+Battle+of+Agincourt&rft.date=2017-01-20&rft.aulast=Swain&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarfarehistorynetwork.com%2Fmiracle-in-the-mud-the-hundred-years-wars-battle-of-agincourt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Agincourt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Agincourt&params=50.454269_N_2.151384_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°27′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°09′05″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.454269°N 2.151384°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.454269; 2.151384</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tls509.wixsite.com/archaeologyagincourt">The Agincourt Battlefield Archaeology Project</a>, Tim Sutherland (Project Director)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azincourt1415.com">Azincourt Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p004y25q">Battle of Agincourt</a> on <a href="/wiki/In_Our_Time_(radio_series)" title="In Our Time (radio series)"><i>In Our Time</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> – <a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Bragg, Melvyn</a> (presenter), with Anne Curry, Michael Jones and John Watts, 16 September 2004.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.geneawiki.com/index.php/1415">Detailed list of French casualties</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/agincourt.htm">Contemporary account of battle</a> by <a href="/wiki/Enguerrand_de_Monstrelet" title="Enguerrand de Monstrelet">Enguerrand de Monstrelet</a> (d.1453), governor of Cambrai and supporter of the French crown.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medievalarchives.com/BattleofAgincourt">Battle of Agincourt</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medievalarchives.com/PodcastList">Medieval Archives Podcast</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150516030034/http://historyofengland.typepad.com/blog/animated-maps-the-battle-of-agincourt.html">Battle of Agincourt animated map</a> by David Crowther</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508130241/http://historyofengland.typepad.com/blog/animated-maps-the-agincourt-campaign.html">Agincourt campaign animated map</a> by David Crowther</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBJww-70sCU">[2]</a> Lt Col John Woodford and Excavations at Azincourt (17 September 2015, Agincourt600 conference) by Tim Sutherland</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hundred_Years&#039;_War28" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Template:Hundred Years' War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Template talk:Hundred Years' War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hundred Years' War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hundred_Years&#039;_War28" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Second War of Scottish Independence">Second War of Scottish Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War,_1337%E2%80%931360" title="Hundred Years' War, 1337–1360">Edwardian phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Breton_Succession" title="War of the Breton Succession">War of the Breton Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Two_Peters" title="War of the Two Peters">War of the Two Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_Civil_War" title="Castilian Civil War">Castilian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War,_1369%E2%80%931389" title="Hundred Years' War, 1369–1389">Caroline phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despenser%27s_Crusade" title="Despenser's Crusade">Despenser's Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1383%E2%80%931385_Portuguese_interregnum" title="1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum">1383–1385 Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War,_1415%E2%80%931453" title="Hundred Years' War, 1415–1453">Lancastrian phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac%E2%80%93Burgundian_Civil_War" title="Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War">Armagnac–Burgundian conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Black_Prince" title="Edward the Black Prince">Edward the Black Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt" title="John of Gaunt">John of Gaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford" title="John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford">John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Talbot,_1st_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury">John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br /> events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hundred_Years%27_War_battles" title="List of Hundred Years' War battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevauch%C3%A9e" title="Chevauchée">Chevauchées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac%E2%80%93Burgundian_Civil_War" title="Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War">Armagnacs and Burgundians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquerie" title="Jacquerie">Jacquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Breton_Succession" title="War of the Breton Succession">War of the Breton Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_Civil_War" title="Castilian Civil War">Castilian Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Omer" title="Battle of Saint-Omer">Battle of Saint-Omer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cr%C3%A9cy" title="Battle of Crécy">Battle of Crécy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poitiers" title="Battle of Poitiers">Battle of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Agincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baug%C3%A9" title="Battle of Baugé">Battle of Baugé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cravant" title="Battle of Cravant">Battle of Cravant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Brossini%C3%A8re" title="Battle of La Brossinière">Battle of La Brossinière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verneuil" title="Battle of Verneuil">Battle of Verneuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Herrings" title="Battle of the Herrings">Battle of the Herrings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Patay" title="Battle of Patay">Battle of Patay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Formigny" title="Battle of Formigny">Battle of Formigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castillon" title="Battle of Castillon">Battle of Castillon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="William_Shakespeare&#039;s_Henriad_(c._1595–99)308" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Henriad" title="Template:Henriad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henriad" title="Template talk:Henriad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henriad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henriad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Shakespeare&#039;s_Henriad_(c._1595–99)308" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Henriad" title="Henriad">Henriad</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1595–99</span>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_1" title="Henry IV, Part 1">Henry IV, Part 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_2" title="Henry IV, Part 2">Henry IV, Part 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Pistol" title="Ancient Pistol">Ancient Pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardolph_(Shakespeare_character)" title="Bardolph (Shakespeare character)">Bardolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_Nym" title="Corporal Nym">Corporal Nym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doll_Tearsheet" title="Doll Tearsheet">Doll Tearsheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Falstaff" title="John Falstaff">Falstaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluellen" title="Fluellen">Fluellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hal" title="Prince Hal">Prince Hal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owain_Glynd%C5%B5r" title="Owain Glyndŵr">Owain Glyndŵr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Glendower_(Shakespeare_character)" title="Owen Glendower (Shakespeare character)">Owen Glendower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Poins" title="Ned Poins">Poins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistress_Quickly" title="Mistress Quickly">Nell Quickly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shallow" title="Robert Shallow">Robert Shallow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holinshed%27s_Chronicles" title="Holinshed's Chronicles">Holinshed's Chronicles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Famous_Victories_of_Henry_V" title="The Famous Victories of Henry V">The Famous Victories of Henry V</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1585</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Woodstock_(play)" title="Thomas of Woodstock (play)">Thomas of Woodstock</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1593</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor" title="The Merry Wives of Windsor">The Merry Wives of Windsor</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1597</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Oldcastle" title="Sir John Oldcastle">Sir John Oldcastle</a></i> (1599)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falstaff%27s_Wedding" title="Falstaff's Wedding">Falstaff's Wedding</a></i> (1760)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On screen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Richard II</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Richard_II_(1954_film)" title="King Richard II (1954 film)">King Richard II</a></i> (1954; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Age_of_Kings" title="An Age of Kings">An Age of Kings</a></i> (1960; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_and_Death_of_King_Richard_II_(1960_film)" title="The Life and Death of King Richard II (1960 film)">The Life and Death of King Richard II</a></i> (1960; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare#King_Richard_the_Second" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">King Richard the Second</a></i> (1979; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_the_Second" title="Richard the Second">Richard the Second</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Hollow Crown (TV series)">The Hollow Crown</a></i>: <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(The_Hollow_Crown)" title="Richard II (The Hollow Crown)">Richard II</a></i> (2012; TV)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Henry IV, Part 1</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Age_of_Kings" title="An Age of Kings">An Age of Kings</a></i> (1960; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimes_at_Midnight" title="Chimes at Midnight">Chimes at Midnight</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare#The_First_Part_of_King_Henry_the_Fourth,_with_the_life_and_death_of_Henry_surnamed_Hotspur" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">Henry the Fourth, Part I</a></i> (1979; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Hollow Crown (TV series)">The Hollow Crown</a></i>: <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_I_and_Part_II_(The_Hollow_Crown)" title="Henry IV, Part I and Part II (The Hollow Crown)">Henry IV, Part 1</a></i> (2012; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King_(2019_film)" title="The King (2019 film)">The King</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Henry IV, Part 2</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Age_of_Kings" title="An Age of Kings">An Age of Kings</a></i> (1960; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimes_at_Midnight" title="Chimes at Midnight">Chimes at Midnight</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare#The_Second_Part_of_King_Henry_the_Fourth_containing_his_Death:_and_the_Coronation_of_King_Henry_the_Fift" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">Henry the Fourth, Part II</a></i> (1979; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Hollow Crown (TV series)">The Hollow Crown</a></i>: <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_I_and_Part_II_(The_Hollow_Crown)" title="Henry IV, Part I and Part II (The Hollow Crown)">Henry IV, Part 2</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King_(2019_film)" title="The King (2019 film)">The King</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Henry V</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(1944_film)" title="Henry V (1944 film)">Henry V</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Age_of_Kings" title="An Age of Kings">An Age of Kings</a></i> (1960; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimes_at_Midnight" title="Chimes at Midnight">Chimes at Midnight</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare#The_Life_of_Henry_the_Fift" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">Henry the Fifth</a></i> (1979; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(1989_film)" title="Henry V (1989 film)">Henry V</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Hollow Crown (TV series)">The Hollow Crown</a></i>: <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(The_Hollow_Crown)" title="Henry V (The Hollow Crown)">Henry V</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King_(2019_film)" title="The King (2019 film)">The King</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Falstaff_(Elgar)" title="Falstaff (Elgar)">Falstaff</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_the_Boar%27s_Head" title="At the Boar's Head">At the Boar's Head</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suite_from_Henry_V" title="Suite from Henry V">Suite from Henry V</a></i> (1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1123" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188495#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4212311-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85002200">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="bitva u Azincourtu (1415 : Azincourt, Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph202168&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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