First Nations | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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Account </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebarGrid"> <div class="sidebarContainerDesktop"> <div class="sb-anchor sb-collection-details"> <sidebar sb-header="collections" sb-subtitles-show="true" sb-search-route="/en/search" sb-search-placeholder="Search collections" sb-group-name="Articles by Topic" > <div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="1"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Activism (24)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/attawapiskat-chief-theresa-spence-continues-her-hunger-strike"> <span>Attawapiskat Chief Theresa Spence Continues Her Hunger Strike</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/autumn-peltier"> <span>Autumn Peltier</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/charlie-wenjack"> <span>Chanie Wenjack</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/government-apology-to-former-students-of-indian-residential-schools"> <span>Government Apology to Former Students of Residential Schools</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/highway-of-tears"> <span>Highway of Tears</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/i-couldnt-forget-reflections-on-truth-and-reconciliation"> <span>I Couldn't Forget: Reflections on Truth and Reconciliation</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/idle-no-more"> <span>Idle No More</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indian-residential-schools-settlement-agreement"> <span>Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-suffrage"> <span>Indigenous Suffrage</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-activists"> <span>Indigenous Women Activists in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-women-and-the-franchise"> <span>Indigenous Women and the Franchise</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ipperwash-crisis"> <span>Ipperwash Crisis</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/josephine-mandamin"> <span>Josephine Mandamin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/oka-crisis"> <span>Kanesatake Resistance (Oka Crisis)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pan-indianism"> <span>Pan-Indianism</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools"> <span>Residential Schools in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shannen-koostachin"> <span>Shannen Koostachin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sixties-scoop"> <span>Sixties Scoop</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/suicide-among-indigenous-peoples-in-canada"> <span>Suicide among Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-journey-of-the-people"> <span>The Journey of Nishiyuu (The Journey of the People)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-white-paper-1969"> <span>The White Paper, 1969</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/chief-spences-hunger-strike"> <span>Theresa Spence</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/truth-and-reconciliation-commission"> <span>Truth and Reconciliation Commission</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/two-spirit"> <span>Two-Spirit</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="2"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Actors and Filmmakers (15)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/adam-beach"> <span>Adam Beach</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alanis-obomsawin"> <span>Alanis Obomsawin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/august-schellenberg"> <span>August Schellenberg</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/buffalo-child-long-lance"> <span>Buffalo Child Long Lance</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gil-cardinal"> <span>Gil Cardinal</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gordon-tootoosis"> <span>Gordon Tootoosis </span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/graham-greene"> <span>Graham Greene</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/influential-indigenous-actors"> <span>Influential Indigenous Actors from Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jay-silverheels"> <span>Jay Silverheels</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/loretta-todd"> <span>Loretta Todd</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lorne-cardinal"> <span>Lorne Cardinal</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tantoo-cardinal"> <span>Tantoo Cardinal</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tina-keeper"> <span>Tina Keeper</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tom-jackson"> <span>Tom Jackson</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tom-jackson-emc"> <span>Tom Jackson (OLD)</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="3"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Archaeology and Museology (23)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/agawa-pictograph-site"> <span>Agawa Pictograph Site</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/writing-on-stone-archaeological-site"> <span>Áísínai’pi (Writing-on-Stone)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bocabec-archaeological-site"> <span>Bocabec Archaeological Site</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/diggity-archaeological-site"> <span>Diggity Archaeological Site</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jemseg-archaeological-site"> <span>Jemseg Archaeological Site</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kenosewun-visitor-centre-and-museum"> <span>Kenosewun Visitor Centre and Museum</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ksan"> <span>Ksan</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/laidlaw-archaeological-site"> <span>Laidlaw Archaeological Site</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lawson-archaeological-site"> <span>Lawson Archaeological Site</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mailhot-curran-archaeological-site"> <span>Mailhot-Curran Archaeological Site</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mccord-museum"> <span>McCord Stewart Museum</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mcdonald-archaeological-site"> <span>McDonald Archaeological Site</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-i-asch"> <span>Michael I. Asch</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mount-edziza-provincial-park"> <span>Mount Edziza Provincial Park</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/niska-archaeological-site"> <span>Niska Archaeological Site</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/rat-indian-creek-archaeological-site"> <span>Rat Indian Creek Archaeological Site</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/repatriation-of-artifacts"> <span>Repatriation of Artifacts</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-huron-wendat-museum"> <span>The Huron-Wendat Museum</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/provincial-museum-of-newfoundland-and-labrador"> <span>The Rooms</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/wanipigow-lake-archaeological-site"> <span>Wanipigow Lake Archaeological Site</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/william-beynon"> <span>William Beynon</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/wilson-duff"> <span>Wilson Duff</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/writing-on-stone-provincial-park"> <span>Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="4"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Art and Artists (43)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alan-syliboy"> <span>Alan Syliboy</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alex-janvier"> <span>Alex Janvier</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/allen-sapp"> <span>Allen Sapp</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/benjamin-chee-chee"> <span>Benjamin Chee Chee</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/william-ronald-reid"> <span>Bill Reid</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/blake-randolph-debassige"> <span>Blake Randolph Debassige</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bonnie-devine"> <span>Bonnie Devine</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/brian-jungen"> <span>Brian Jungen</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/carl-beam"> <span>Carl Beam</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/charlie-edenshaw"> <span>Charles Edenshaw (Tahayren)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/contemporary-aboriginal-art-in-canada"> <span>Contemporary Indigenous Art in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/corrine-hunt"> <span>Corrine Hunt</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/daphne-odjig"> <span>Daphne Odjig</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/don-ense"> <span>Don Ense</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/douglas-joseph-cardinal"> <span>Douglas Cardinal</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/duane-linklater"> <span>Duane Linklater</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edmund-montague-morris"> <span>Edmund Montague Morris</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/emily-carr"> <span>Emily Carr</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/florence-davidson"> <span>Florence Davidson</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gerald-tailfeathers"> <span>Gerald Tailfeathers</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/henry-hunt"> <span>Henry Hunt</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-art-in-canada"> <span>History of Indigenous Art in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/important-indigenous-artists"> <span>Important Indigenous Artists in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-arts-stories"> <span>Indigenous Arts & Stories</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jack-leonard-shadbolt"> <span>Jack Leonard Shadbolt</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joane-cardinal-schubert"> <span>Joane Cardinal-Schubert</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joe-david"> <span>Joe David</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kent-monkman"> <span>Kent Monkman</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/max-gros-louis"> <span>Max Gros-Louis</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mungo-martin"> <span>Mungo Martin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nadia-myre"> <span>Nadia Myre</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/northwest-coast-aboriginal-art"> <span>Northwest Coast Indigenous Art</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/norval-morrisseau"> <span>Norval Morrisseau</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/norval-morrisseau-profile"> <span>Norval Morrisseau (Profile)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/norval-morrisseau-and-the-art-of-forgery"> <span>Norval Morrisseau and the Art of Forgery</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/professional-native-indian-artists-inc"> <span>Professional Native Indian Artists Inc., or the “Indian Group of Seven”</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/rebecca-belmore"> <span>Rebecca Belmore</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/richard-hunt"> <span>Richard Hunt</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sarain-stump"> <span>Sarain Stump</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/stanley-hunt"> <span>Stanley Hunt</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tony-hunt"> <span>Tony Hunt</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/walter-harris"> <span>Walter Harris</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/zacharie-vincent"> <span>Zacharie Vincent</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="5"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Colonial History (12)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/slavery-of-indigenous-people-in-canada"> <span>Enslavement of Indigenous People in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indian-act"> <span>Indian Act</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indian-residential-schools-settlement-agreement"> <span>Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indian"> <span>Indian Status (OLD)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/land-claims"> <span>Indigenous Land Claims in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-european-relations"> <span>Indigenous-British Relations Pre-Confederation</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-french-relations"> <span>Indigenous-French Relations</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kings-presents"> <span>King's Presents</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-reserves"> <span>Reserves in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools"> <span>Residential Schools in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sillery"> <span>Sillery</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-treaties"> <span>Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="6"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Culture (67)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/archibald-belaney-grey-owl"> <span>Archibald Belaney (Grey Owl)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/babiche"> <span>Babiche</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/birch-bark-biting"> <span>Birch-Bark Biting</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/birchbark-canoe"> <span>Birchbark Canoe</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/buffalo-hunt"> <span>Buffalo Hunt</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bungee"> <span>Bungi</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/calumet"> <span>Calumet</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/caribou-hunt"> <span>Caribou Hunt</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/chilkat-blanket"> <span>Chilkat Blanket</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/clan"> <span>Clan (Indigenous Peoples in Canada)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/coppers"> <span>Coppers</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cradle-board"> <span>Cradleboard</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/dog-sledding"> <span>Dogsledding</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/dugout-canoe"> <span>Dugout Canoe</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/false-face-society"> <span>False Face Society</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/feast-of-the-dead"> <span>Feast of the Dead</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/band"> <span>First Nation Bands in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/friendship-centres"> <span>Friendship Centres</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/grey-owls-great-deception-feature"> <span>Grey Owl's Great Deception</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/history-of-powwows"> <span>History of Powwows</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-cultural-landscape"> <span>Indigenous Cultural Landscape</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-elders-in-canada"> <span>Indigenous Elders in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-languages"> <span>Indigenous Languages in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-aboriginal-music-awards-emc"> <span>Indigenous Music Awards</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-oral-histories-and-primary-sources"> <span>Indigenous Oral Histories and Primary Sources</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/native-medicines"> <span>Indigenous Peoples' Medicine in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-territory"> <span>Indigenous Territory</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kayak"> <span>Kayak</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labrador-tea"> <span>Labrador Tea</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lobstick"> <span>Lobstick</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/longhouse"> <span>Longhouse</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/manitou"> <span>Manitou</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/medicine-bundles"> <span>Medicine Bundles</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/medicine-wheels"> <span>Medicine Wheels</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/midewiwin"> <span>Midewiwin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/moccasin"> <span>Moccasin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mukluk"> <span>Mukluk</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-peoples-music"> <span>Music of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nagwichoonjik-cultural-landscape"> <span>Nagwichoonjik Cultural Landscape</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nahani"> <span>Nahani</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/national-aboriginal-day"> <span>National Indigenous Peoples Day</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/parfleche"> <span>Parfleche</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pemmican"> <span>Pemmican</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/potlatch"> <span>Potlatch</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/powwow-1"> <span>Powwow</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/powwow-dances"> <span>Powwow Dances</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/powwow-singers-emc"> <span>Powwow Singers</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quillwork"> <span>Quillwork</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/raven-symbolism"> <span>Raven Symbolism</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shaman"> <span>Shaman</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/snowshoes"> <span>Snowshoes</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sun-dance"> <span>Sun Dance</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sweat-lodge"> <span>Sweat Lodge</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thunderbird"> <span>Thunderbird</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tipi"> <span>Tipi</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toboggan"> <span>Toboggan</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tomahawk"> <span>Tomahawk</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/totem-pole"> <span>Totem Pole</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/plants-native-uses"> <span>Traditional Plants and Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/travois"> <span>Travois</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-day"> <span>Treaty Day</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tumpline"> <span>Tumpline</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/two-spirit"> <span>Two-Spirit</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/umiak"> <span>Umiak</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/wampum"> <span>Wampum</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/wigwam"> <span>Wigwam</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/woven-textiles"> <span>Woven Textiles</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="7"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">First Nations (99)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/abenaki"> <span>Abenaki</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/abenaki-of-the-st-lawrence-valley"> <span>Abenaki of the St Lawrence Valley</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ahousaht"> <span>Ahousaht</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/algonquin"> <span>Algonquin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/assembly-of-first-nations"> <span>Assembly of First Nations</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/assiniboine"> <span>Assiniboine</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/attikamek"> <span>Atikamekw</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/beothuk"> <span>Beothuk</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bigstone-cree-nation"> <span>Bigstone Cree Nation</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/blackfoot-nation"> <span>Blackfoot Confederacy</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cayuga"> <span>Cayuga</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/salish-central-coast"> <span>Central Coast Salish</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/clovis"> <span>Clovis (Llano)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/coastal-salish"> <span>Coast Salish</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cree"> <span>Cree</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/carrier"> <span>Dakelh (Carrier)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/dakota"> <span>Dakota</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/beaver-native-group"> <span>Dane-zaa (Beaver)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/dene-nation"> <span>Dene Nation (organization)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/chipewyan"> <span>Denesuline (Chipewyan)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gwichin"> <span>Dinjii Zhuh (Gwich'in)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ditidaht"> <span>Ditidaht</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ehattesaht"> <span>Ehattesaht</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/band"> <span>First Nation Bands in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations-in-alberta"> <span>First Nations in Alberta</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations"> <span>First Nations in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations-in-manitoba"> <span>First Nations in Manitoba</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations-in-new-brunswick"> <span>First Nations in New Brunswick</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations-in-newfoundland-and-labrador"> <span>First Nations in Newfoundland and Labrador</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations-in-nova-scotia"> <span>First Nations in Nova Scotia</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations-in-ontario"> <span>First Nations in Ontario</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations-in-quebec"> <span>First Nations in Quebec</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations-in-yukon"> <span>First Nations in Yukon</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/haida-native-group"> <span>Haida</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/haisla-kitamaat"> <span>Haisla (Kitamaat)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/iroquois"> <span>Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/heiltsuk-bella-bella"> <span>Heiltsuk (Bella Bella)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hesquiaht"> <span>Hesquiaht</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/opetchesaht"> <span>Hupacasath (Opetchesaht)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people"> <span>Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/innu-montagnais-naskapi"> <span>Innu (Montagnais-Naskapi)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/interior-salish-first-nations"> <span>Interior Salish</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hare-band"> <span>K'asho Got'ine (Hare)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mohawk"> <span>Kanyen'kehà:ka (Mohawk)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kaska"> <span>Kaska Dena</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kootenay"> <span>Ktunaxa (Kootenay)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kwakiutl"> <span>Kwakwaka’wakw (Kwakiutl)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/chickliset"> <span>Kyuquot and Checleseht First Nations</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lac-la-ronge-first-nation"> <span>Lac La Ronge First Nation</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/micmac-mikmaq"> <span>Mi'kmaq</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mohawk-of-the-st-lawrence-valley"> <span>Mohawk of the St Lawrence Valley</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mowachaht"> <span>Mowachaht-Muchalaht</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nicola-similkameen"> <span>Nicola-Similkameen</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nipissing-nbisiing-first-nation"> <span>Nipissing (Nbisiing) First Nation</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nisgaa"> <span>Nisga'a</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/salish-northern-georgia-strait-coast"> <span>Northern Coast Salish</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nuchatlaht"> <span>Nuchatlaht</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nootka-nuu-chah-nulth"> <span>Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nuxalk-bella-coola"> <span>Nuxalk (Bella Coola)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/odawa"> <span>Odawa</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ojibwa"> <span>Ojibwe</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/oneida"> <span>Oneida</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/onondaga"> <span>Onondaga</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pacheenaht"> <span>Pacheenaht</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/peguis-first-nation"> <span>Peguis First Nation</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/piikuni-peigan-pikuni"> <span>Piikani</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/qalipu-mi-kmaq-first-nation"> <span>Qalipu Mi’kmaq First Nation</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/saddle-lake-cree-nation"> <span>Saddle Lake Cree Nation</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bearlake"> <span>Sahtu Got'ine (Bearlake)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/samson-cree-nation"> <span>Samson Cree Nation</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sekani"> <span>Sekani</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/self-governing-first-nations-in-yukon"> <span>Self-Governing First Nations in Yukon</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/seneca"> <span>Seneca</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/seven-nations"> <span>Seven Nations</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mountain-band"> <span>Shuta Got'ine (Mountain)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/blackfoot-siksika"> <span>Siksika (Blackfoot)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/slavey-slave"> <span>Slavey</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/st-lawrence-iroquoians"> <span>St. Lawrence Iroquoians</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/stoney-nakoda"> <span>Stoney-Nakoda</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tagish"> <span>Tagish</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tahltan"> <span>Tahltan</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/neutral"> <span>The Neutral Confederacy</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/petun"> <span>Tionontati (Petun)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/clayoquot-tla-o-qui-aht"> <span>Tla-o-qui-aht (Clayoquot)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tlicho-dogrib"> <span>Tlicho (Dogrib)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/inland-tlingit"> <span>Tlingit</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toquaht"> <span>Toquaht</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/han"> <span>Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in (Han)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tsimshian"> <span>Ts'msyen (Tsimshian)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tseshaht-sheshaht"> <span>Tseshaht (Sheshaht)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tsetsaut"> <span>Tsetsaut</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/chilcotin-tsilhqotin"> <span>Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sarcee-tsuu-tina"> <span>Tsuut’ina (Sarcee)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tutchone"> <span>Tutchone</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/uchucklesaht-first-nation"> <span>Uchucklesaht Tribe</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/huron"> <span>Wendat (Huron)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/maliseet"> <span>Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/yellowknives-band"> <span>Yellowknives Dene</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ucluelet-first-nation"> <span>Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ (Ucluelet) First Nation</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="8"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Government, Law and Treaties (65)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/calder-case"> <span>Calder Case</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-charlottetown-accord"> <span>Charlottetown Accord</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/comprehensive-land-claims-modern-treaties"> <span>Comprehensive Land Claims: Modern Treaties</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/covenant-chain"> <span>Covenant Chain</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crawford-purchase"> <span>Crawford Purchase</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/easton-treaty"> <span>Easton Treaty</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-death-of-the-meech-lake-accord-feature"> <span>Editorial: The Death of the Meech Lake Accord</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-affairs-and-northern-development-canada"> <span>Federal Departments of Indigenous and Northern Affairs</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/r-v-gladue"> <span>Gladue Case</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gradual-civilization-act"> <span>Gradual Civilization Act</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/guerin-case"> <span>Guerin Case</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/haldimand-proclamation"> <span>Haldimand Proclamation</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indian-act"> <span>Indian Act</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indian-residential-schools-settlement-agreement"> <span>Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indian"> <span>Indian Status (OLD)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/land-claims"> <span>Indigenous Land Claims in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-government-policy"> <span>Indigenous Peoples and Government Policy in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/government-programs-concerning-aboriginal-people"> <span>Indigenous Peoples and Government Programs in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/specific-claims"> <span>Indigenous Peoples and Specific Claims</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-peoples-and-the-fight-for-the-franchise"> <span>Indigenous Peoples and the Fight for the Franchise</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-law"> <span>Indigenous Peoples in Canadian Law</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-political-organization-and-activism"> <span>Indigenous Political Organization and Activism in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-self-government"> <span>Indigenous Self-Government in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-suffrage"> <span>Indigenous Suffrage</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-women-and-the-franchise"> <span>Indigenous Women and the Franchise</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/james-bay-and-northern-quebec-agreement"> <span>James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jays-treaty"> <span>Jay's Treaty</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-justice"> <span>Justice Systems of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kelowna-accord"> <span>Kelowna Accord</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/land-cession"> <span>Land Cession</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/meech-lake-accord"> <span>Meech Lake Accord</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/meech-lake-accord-document"> <span>Meech Lake Accord: Document</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/murray-sinclair"> <span>Murray Sinclair</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/numbered-treaties"> <span>Numbered Treaties</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pamajewon-case"> <span>Pamajewon Case</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pennefather-treaties"> <span>Pennefather Treaties</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-reserves"> <span>Reserves in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-rights"> <span>Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/royal-commission-on-aboriginal-peoples"> <span>Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/royal-proclamation-1763-document"> <span>Royal Proclamation 1763 Document</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/royal-proclamation-of-1763"> <span>Royal Proclamation of 1763</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sioui-case"> <span>Sioui Case</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sparrow-case"> <span>Sparrow Case</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/territorial-government"> <span>Territorial Government in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-white-paper-1969"> <span>The White Paper, 1969</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-purchase-treaty-13"> <span>Toronto Purchase (Treaty 13)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaties-1-and-2"> <span>Treaties 1 and 2</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-of-fort-stanwix"> <span>Treaties of Fort Stanwix (1768 and 1784)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-treaties"> <span>Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-10"> <span>Treaty 10</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-11"> <span>Treaty 11</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-3"> <span>Treaty 3</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-4"> <span>Treaty 4</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-5"> <span>Treaty 5</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-6"> <span>Treaty 6</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-7"> <span>Treaty 7</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-8"> <span>Treaty 8</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-9"> <span>Treaty 9</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-day"> <span>Treaty Day</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-of-niagara-1764"> <span>Treaty of Niagara, 1764</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-of-oswegatchie-1760"> <span>Treaty of Oswegatchie (1760)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/truth-and-reconciliation-commission"> <span>Truth and Reconciliation Commission</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/upper-canada-land-surrenders"> <span>Upper Canada Land Surrenders</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/van-der-peet-case"> <span>Van der Peet Case</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/white-paper"> <span>White Paper</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="9"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Historical Figures (20)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/almighty-voice"> <span>Almighty Voice</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/demasduwit"> <span>Demasduit</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edward-ahenakew"> <span>Edward Ahenakew</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hiawatha"> <span>Hiawatha</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/james-bird-jr"> <span>James Bird Jr</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mary-brant"> <span>Mary Brant (Konwatsi'tsiaiénni)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/big-bear"> <span>Mistahimaskwa (Big Bear)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/red-crow"> <span>Mi’k ai’stoowa (Red Crow)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/red-crow-feature"> <span>Mi’k ai’stoowa (Red Crow) and Treaty 7</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/oronhyatekha"> <span>Oronhyatekha</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/peguis"> <span>Peguis</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/poundmaker"> <span>Pitikwahanapiwiyin (Poundmaker)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/red-jacket"> <span>Red Jacket (Otetiani)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tekakwitha-kateri"> <span>Saint Kateri (Kateri Tekakwitha)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shawnadithit"> <span>Shawnadithit</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shawnadithit-last-of-the-beothuk-feature"> <span>Shawnadithit: Last of the Beothuk</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sitting-bull"> <span>Sitting Bull</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/charcoal"> <span>Si’k-okskitsis</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tecumseh"> <span>Tecumseh</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tecumseh-the-savior-of-upper-canada-feature"> <span>Tecumseh and the War of 1812</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="10"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Language (14)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/30-indigenous-place-names-and-their-meanings"> <span>30 Indigenous Place Names and their Meanings</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/anishinaabemowin-ojibwe-language"> <span>Anishinaabemowin: Ojibwe Language</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/chinook-jargon"> <span>Chinook Wawa</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cree-syllabics"> <span>Cree Language</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-language-revitalization-in-canada"> <span>Indigenous Language Revitalization in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-languages"> <span>Indigenous Languages in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-names-of-streets-in-canada"> <span>Indigenous Names of Streets in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-sign-languages-in-canada"> <span>Indigenous Sign Languages in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/inuktitut"> <span>Inuktitut</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/inuktitut-words-for-snow-and-ice"> <span>Inuktitut Words for Snow and Ice</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kanyenkeha-mohawk-language"> <span>Kanyen'kéha: Mohawk Language</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/largest-cities-in-canada-with-an-indigenous-name"> <span>Largest Cities in Canada With an Indigenous Name</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/northwest-coast-language-families"> <span>Northwest Coast Language Families</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/siksikai-powahsin-blackfoot-language"> <span>Siksikáí’powahsin: Blackfoot Language</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="11"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Leaders (44)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/andrew-paull"> <span>Andrew Paull</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/autumn-peltier"> <span>Autumn Peltier</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/billy-diamond"> <span>Billy Diamond</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cindy-blackstock"> <span>Cindy Blackstock</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/david-ahenakew"> <span>David Ahenakew</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/elijah-harper"> <span>Elijah Harper</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/frank-calder"> <span>Frank Calder</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fred-loft"> <span>Fred Loft</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/george-manuel"> <span>George Manuel</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/georges-erasmus"> <span>Georges Erasmus</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gloria-mary-george"> <span>Gloria George</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gordon-tootoosis"> <span>Gordon Tootoosis </span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/graydon-nicholas"> <span>Graydon Nicholas</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/harold-cardinal"> <span>Harold Cardinal</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/henry-arthur-smitheram"> <span>Henry Arthur Smitheram</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/henry-bird-steinhauer"> <span>Henry Bird Steinhauer</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/james-k-bartleman"> <span>James Bartleman</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/james-gladstone"> <span>James Gladstone</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jeannette-vivian-lavell"> <span>Jeannette Corbiere Lavell</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joe-handley"> <span>Joe Handley</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-brant-ahyonwaeghs"> <span>John Brant (Ahyonwaeghs)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-callihoo"> <span>John Callihoo</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joseph-brant"> <span>Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/josephine-mandamin"> <span>Josephine Mandamin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kahn-tineta-horn"> <span>Kahentinetha Horn</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lillian-dyck"> <span>Lillian Dyck</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/marion-buller"> <span>Marion Buller</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/murray-sinclair"> <span>Murray Sinclair</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nellie-j-cournoyea"> <span>Nellie J. Cournoyea</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nicholas-george-sibbeston"> <span>Nicholas George Sibbeston</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ovide-mercredi"> <span>Ovide Mercredi</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/perry-bellegarde"> <span>Perry Bellegarde</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/peter-reginald-kelly"> <span>Peter Reginald Kelly</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/phil-fontaine"> <span>Phil Fontaine</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ralph-garvin-steinhauer"> <span>Ralph Garvin Steinhauer</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shawn-atleo"> <span>Shawn Atleo</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/simon-first-native-ambassador"> <span>Simon First Native Ambassador</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/stanley-vollant"> <span>Stanley Vollant</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/stephen-kakfwi"> <span>Stephen Kakfwi</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/stephen-kakfwi-interview"> <span>Stephen Kakfwi (Interview)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-journey-of-the-people"> <span>The Journey of Nishiyuu (The Journey of the People)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vern-harper"> <span>Vernon Harper</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/walking-buffalo"> <span>Walking Buffalo (Tatanga Mani)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/wilton-littlechild"> <span>Wilton Littlechild</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="12"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Military and Defence (21)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/battle-of-beaver-dams"> <span>Battle of Beaver Dams</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/battle-of-beaver-dams-national-historic-site-of-canada"> <span>Battle of Beaver Dams National Historic Site of Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/battle-of-mississinewa-river-war-of-1812"> <span>Battle of Mississinewa River</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/battle-of-tippecanoe"> <span>Battle of Tippecanoe</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/black-hawk"> <span>Black Hawk</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/charles-henry-byce"> <span>Charles Henry Byce</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cree-code-talkers"> <span>Cree Code Talkers</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations-in-the-war-of-1812"> <span>First Nations and Métis Peoples in the War of 1812</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/francis-pegahmagabow"> <span>Francis Pegahmagabow</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-peoples-and-the-world-wars"> <span>Indigenous Peoples and the World Wars</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-henry-yahba"> <span>John Henry Yahba</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joseph-benjamin-keeper"> <span>Joseph Benjamin Keeper</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/oka-crisis"> <span>Kanesatake Resistance (Oka Crisis)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/louis-levi-oakes"> <span>Louis Levi Oakes</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/national-aboriginal-veterans-monument"> <span>National Aboriginal Veterans Monument</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/oliver-milton-martin"> <span>Oliver Milton Martin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pontiacs-war-feature"> <span>Pontiac's War</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tecumseh"> <span>Tecumseh</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tecumseh-the-savior-of-upper-canada-feature"> <span>Tecumseh and the War of 1812</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tommy-prince"> <span>Tommy Prince</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tommy-prince-canadian-hero-feature"> <span>Tommy Prince: War Hero</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="13"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Music and Musicians (16)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/buffy-sainte-marie"> <span>Buffy Sainte-Marie</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/dancers-of-damelahamid"> <span>Dancers of Damelahamid</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/don-ross-emc"> <span>Don Ross</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-aboriginal-music-awards-emc"> <span>Indigenous Music Awards</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kashtin-emc"> <span>Kashtin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lee-cremo-emc"> <span>Lee Cremo</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-peoples-music"> <span>Music of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/os-ke-non-ton"> <span>Os-Ke-Non-Ton</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/os-ke-non-ton-emc"> <span>Os-ke-non-ton</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/powwowmusic"> <span>Powwow Music</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/powwow-singers-emc"> <span>Powwow Singers</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/robbie-robertson-emc"> <span>Robbie Robertson</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jaime-robbie-robertson"> <span>Robbie Robertson (OLD)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/a-tribe-called-red"> <span>The Halluci Nation (A Tribe Called Red)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/highway-tomson"> <span>Tomson Highway</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/william-lawrence-dunn"> <span>Willie Dunn</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="14"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Organizations (4)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/assembly-of-first-nations"> <span>Assembly of First Nations</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/congress-of-aboriginal-peoples"> <span>Congress of Aboriginal Peoples</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations-university-of-canada"> <span>First Nations University of Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/native-womens-association-of-canada"> <span>Native Women’s Association of Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="15"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Regions (10)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-arctic"> <span>Arctic Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-eastern-woodlands"> <span>Eastern Woodlands Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hochelaga"> <span>Hochelaga</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-territory"> <span>Indigenous Territory</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-northwest-coast"> <span>Northwest Coast Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-plains"> <span>Plains Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-plateau"> <span>Plateau Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/stadacona"> <span>Stadacona</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-subarctic"> <span>Subarctic Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/huronia"> <span>Wendake (Huronia)</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="16"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Socio-economic Issues (24)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-communications"> <span>Communications of Indigenous People</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cultural-appropriation-of-indigenous-peoples-in-canada"> <span>Cultural Appropriation of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-demography"> <span>Demography of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-economic-conditions"> <span>Economic Conditions of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-education"> <span>Education of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-health"> <span>Health of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/highway-of-tears"> <span>Highway of Tears</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-government-policy"> <span>Indigenous Peoples and Government Policy in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/government-programs-concerning-aboriginal-people"> <span>Indigenous Peoples and Government Programs in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-suffrage"> <span>Indigenous Suffrage</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-territory"> <span>Indigenous Territory</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-women-and-the-franchise"> <span>Indigenous Women and the Franchise</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/native-womens-issues"> <span>Indigenous Women's Issues in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/inuit-experiences-at-residential-school"> <span>Inuit Experiences at Residential School</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jordan-s-principle"> <span>Jordan's Principle</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/metis-experiences-at-residential-school"> <span>Métis Experiences at Residential School</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/racial-segregation-of-indigenous-peoples-in-canada"> <span>Racial Segregation of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/reconciliation-in-canada"> <span>Reconciliation in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-reserves"> <span>Reserves in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sixties-scoop"> <span>Sixties Scoop</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/native-people-social-conditions"> <span>Social Conditions of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sterilization-of-indigenous-women-in-canada"> <span>Sterilization of Indigenous Women in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/suicide-among-indigenous-peoples-in-canada"> <span>Suicide among Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-urban-migration"> <span>Urban Migration of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="17"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Spirituality (23)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/dekanahwideh"> <span>Dekanahwideh</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edward-ahenakew"> <span>Edward Ahenakew</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/false-face-society"> <span>False Face Society</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/feast-of-the-dead"> <span>Feast of the Dead</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/handsome-lake-religion"> <span>Handsome Lake Religion</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/henry-bird-steinhauer"> <span>Henry Bird Steinhauer</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shaker-religion"> <span>Indian Shaker Church</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-snow"> <span>John Snow</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/manitou"> <span>Manitou</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/medicine-bundles"> <span>Medicine Bundles</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/medicine-wheels"> <span>Medicine Wheels</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/midewiwin"> <span>Midewiwin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mishipeshu"> <span>Mishipeshu</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nanabozo"> <span>Nanabozo</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ralph-garvin-steinhauer"> <span>Ralph Garvin Steinhauer</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/raven-symbolism"> <span>Raven Symbolism</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/religion-of-aboriginal-people"> <span>Religion and Spirituality of Indigenous Peoples in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tekakwitha-kateri"> <span>Saint Kateri (Kateri Tekakwitha)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shaking-tent"> <span>Shaking Tent</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shaman"> <span>Shaman</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sun-dance"> <span>Sun Dance</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thunderbird"> <span>Thunderbird</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/windigo"> <span>Windigo</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="18"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Sports (15)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/angela-chalmers"> <span>Angela Chalmers</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/darren-zack"> <span>Darren Zack</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/dene-games"> <span>Dene Games</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fred-sasakamoose"> <span>Fred Sasakamoose</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-nhl-players"> <span>Indigenous NHL Players from Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jack-jacobs"> <span>Jack Jacobs</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joseph-benjamin-keeper"> <span>Joseph Benjamin Keeper</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ken-moore"> <span>Ken Moore</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lacrosse"> <span>Lacrosse</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-olympians"> <span>Notable Indigenous Olympians in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/reggie-leach"> <span>Reggie Leach</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shirley-and-sharon-firth"> <span>Shirley and Sharon Firth</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-iroquois-nationals-and-the-2010-world-lacrosse-championships-feature"> <span>The Iroquois Nationals and the 2010 World Lacrosse Championships</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tom-longboat"> <span>Tom Longboat</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-feature-tom-longboat"> <span>Toronto Feature: Tom Longboat</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="19"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Women (34)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alanis-obomsawin"> <span>Alanis Obomsawin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/anahareo"> <span>Anahareo</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/autumn-peltier"> <span>Autumn Peltier</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bertha-skye"> <span>Bertha Skye</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bonnie-devine"> <span>Bonnie Devine</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/buffy-sainte-marie"> <span>Buffy Sainte-Marie</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cindy-blackstock"> <span>Cindy Blackstock</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/daphne-odjig"> <span>Daphne Odjig</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/eden-robinson"> <span>Eden Robinson</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/florence-davidson"> <span>Florence Davidson</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/freda-ahenakew"> <span>Freda Ahenakew</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gloria-mary-george"> <span>Gloria George</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/highway-of-tears"> <span>Highway of Tears</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-activists"> <span>Indigenous Women Activists in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-women-and-the-franchise"> <span>Indigenous Women and the Franchise</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/native-womens-issues"> <span>Indigenous Women's Issues in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jeannette-vivian-lavell"> <span>Jeannette Corbiere Lavell</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/josephine-mandamin"> <span>Josephine Mandamin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kahn-tineta-horn"> <span>Kahentinetha Horn</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lee-maracle"> <span>Lee Maracle</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lillian-dyck"> <span>Lillian Dyck</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/loretta-todd"> <span>Loretta Todd</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/marion-buller"> <span>Marion Buller</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mary-brant"> <span>Mary Brant (Konwatsi'tsiaiénni)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nadine-caron"> <span>Nadine Caron</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pauline-johnson"> <span>Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/rebecca-belmore"> <span>Rebecca Belmore</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tekakwitha-kateri"> <span>Saint Kateri (Kateri Tekakwitha)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shannen-koostachin"> <span>Shannen Koostachin</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shawnadithit"> <span>Shawnadithit</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shawnadithit-last-of-the-beothuk-feature"> <span>Shawnadithit: Last of the Beothuk</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tantoo-cardinal"> <span>Tantoo Cardinal</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tina-keeper"> <span>Tina Keeper</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/women-and-the-indian-act"> <span>Women and the Indian Act</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sb-group accordion-group sb-accordion-collection" data-accordion="20"> <div class="sb-tab accordion-head accordion-toggler"><div class="">Writers and Literature (26)</div><button class=""><img alt="toggler-icon" src="/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg" class="accordion-toggler-icon" class="toggler-icon">toggler</button></div> <div class="accordion-body accordion-collection-details"> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/basil-h-johnston"> <span>Basil H. Johnston</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bonnie-devine"> <span>Bonnie Devine</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/brian-maracle"> <span>Brian Maracle</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/buffalo-child-long-lance"> <span>Buffalo Child Long Lance</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/daniel-david-moses"> <span>Daniel David Moses</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/don-ense"> <span>Don Ense</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/drew-hayden-taylor"> <span>Drew Hayden Taylor</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/eden-robinson"> <span>Eden Robinson</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edward-ahenakew"> <span>Edward Ahenakew</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/elizabeth-goudie"> <span>Elizabeth Goudie</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/flint-and-feather"> <span>Flint and Feather</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/freda-ahenakew"> <span>Freda Ahenakew</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gregory-scofield"> <span>Gregory Scofield</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/influential-indigenous-authors-in-canada"> <span>Influential Indigenous Authors in Canada</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joseph-boyden"> <span>Joseph Boyden</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/katherena-vermette"> <span>Katherena Vermette</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lee-maracle"> <span>Lee Maracle</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pauline-johnson"> <span>Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/peter-jones"> <span>Peter Jones</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pierre-falcon"> <span>Pierre Falcon</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/rita-joe"> <span>Rita Joe</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sarain-stump"> <span>Sarain Stump</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thomas-king"> <span>Thomas King</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/through-black-spruce"> <span>Through Black Spruce</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/highway-tomson"> <span>Tomson Highway</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/wilfred-pelletier"> <span>Wilfred Pelletier</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collectionSubDesktop"> <span class="sb-group-name">Timelines</span> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/first-nations"><span>Indigenous Peoples</span></a></div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/residential-schools"><span>Residential Schools</span></a></div> </div> <div class="collectionSubDesktop"> <span class="sb-group-name">Education</span> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quiz/cc-quiz-indigenous-peoples"><span>Indigenous Peoples</span></a></div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/studyguide/aboriginal-peoples-the-war-of-1812"><span>Aboriginal Peoples: The War of 1812</span></a></div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/studyguide/treaties-in-canada-learning-guide-and-worksheets"><span>Treaties in Canada Education Guide and Worksheets</span></a></div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/studyguide/residential-schools-in-canada-education-guide"><span>Residential Schools in Canada Education Guide</span></a></div> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/studyguide/canada-history-week-2021-learning-tool"><span>Canada History Week 2021: Indigenous History Learning Tool</span></a></div> </div> <div class="collectionSubDesktop"> <span class="sb-group-name">Videos</span> <div class="sb-sidebar-video"> <div class="videomodalsingle"> <a class="js-callout-video js-callout callout-regular" data-videoURL="https://www.youtube.com/embed/v_tcCpKtoU0?enablejsapi=1&version=3&playerapiid=ytplayer"> <img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/v_tcCpKtoU0/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="Heritage Minutes: Chanie Wenjack" height="auto" width="100%"> <span class="callout-title">Heritage Minutes: Chanie Wenjack</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="sb-sidebar-video"> <div class="videomodalsingle"> <a class="js-callout-video js-callout callout-regular" data-videoURL="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xduifQzCYcc?enablejsapi=1&version=3&playerapiid=ytplayer"> <img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xduifQzCYcc/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="Heritage Minutes: Sitting Bull" height="auto" width="100%"> <span class="callout-title">Heritage Minutes: Sitting Bull</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="sb-sidebar-video"> <div class="videomodalsingle"> <a class="js-callout-video js-callout callout-regular" data-videoURL="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tdikUhN4gSo?enablejsapi=1&version=3&playerapiid=ytplayer"> <img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tdikUhN4gSo/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="Heritage Minutes: Syrup" height="auto" width="100%"> <span class="callout-title">Heritage Minutes: Syrup</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="sb-sidebar-video"> <div class="videomodalsingle"> <a class="js-callout-video js-callout callout-regular" data-videoURL="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4RrtGg3KnR4?enablejsapi=1&version=3&playerapiid=ytplayer"> <img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/4RrtGg3KnR4/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="Heritage Minutes: Tommy Prince" height="auto" width="100%"> <span class="callout-title">Heritage Minutes: Tommy Prince</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="sb-sidebar-video"> <div class="videomodalsingle"> <a class="js-callout-video js-callout callout-regular" data-videoURL="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mVVD9yYCKiI?enablejsapi=1&version=3&playerapiid=ytplayer"> <img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mVVD9yYCKiI/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="Heritage Minutes: Naskumituwin (Treaty)" height="auto" width="100%"> <span class="callout-title">Heritage Minutes: Naskumituwin (Treaty)</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="sb-sidebar-video"> <div class="videomodalsingle"> <a class="js-callout-video js-callout callout-regular" data-videoURL="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GQDL2bZZYj0?enablejsapi=1&version=3&playerapiid=ytplayer"> <img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/GQDL2bZZYj0/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="Heritage Minutes: Peacemaker" height="auto" width="100%"> <span class="callout-title">Heritage Minutes: Peacemaker</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="sb-sidebar-video"> <div class="videomodalsingle"> <a class="js-callout-video js-callout callout-regular" data-videoURL="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jt8zXHfNRys?enablejsapi=1&version=3&playerapiid=ytplayer"> <img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/CPqFcLTR2w8/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="Heritage Minutes: Queenston Heights" height="auto" width="100%"> <span class="callout-title">Heritage Minutes: Queenston Heights</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </sidebar> </div> </div> <div class="content-container-desktop"> <main id="pagination"> <article class="main-grid timeline-index"> <div class="main-grid__content--full"> </div> <div class="timeline-index__heading main-grid__content--full"> <div class="timeline-single__header"> <div class="timeline-single__header__info"> <span class="g-category text-xsmall"> collection </span> <h1 class="l-head-title">First Nations</h1> <p><p> This collection features content related to the First Nations of Canada. Through the use of videos, articles and more, it explores issues concerning First Nations history, identity and culture. </p></p> </div> <div class="timeline-single__header__image-container"> <img alt="Powwow Drum" src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/720x439/media/media/824b051b-b939-4324-adbc-132f86ca5763.jpg" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/720x439/media/media/824b051b-b939-4324-adbc-132f86ca5763.jpg" width="100%" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="callouts-layout main-grid__content--full"> <h3 class="callouts-layout__title">Timelines</h3> <div class="module-template-timeline-blocks callout callout-split timeline-blocks"> <div class="callout-img-wrap callout-split-img"> <img data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/720x439/Pitikwahanapiwiyi_3.png" src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/720x439/Pitikwahanapiwiyi_3.png" alt="Pitikwahanapiwiyin (Poundmaker), Plains Cree Chief, 1885" class="callout-img" /> </div> <div class="callout-split-desc"> <span class="g-category callout-cat text-xsmall">timeline</span> <h3 class="section-title"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/first-nations"> Indigenous Peoples </a> </h3> <p>Indigenous nations tell their own stories about the origins of the world and their place in it; all claim their ancestry dates to Time Immemorial. At the same time, there is considerable archeological debate about when humans first came to North America, though broad assumptions suggest waves of migration from northeastern Asia, by both land bridge and boat, between 30,000 and 13,500 years ago. Note: This timeline presents key events and developments in Indigenous history in what is now Canada, from Time Immemorial to present. While no timeline can be exhaustive in its coverage, it provides a broad chronological overview to support educators and students.</p> <a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/first-nations" class="b-link b-arrow">Explore the Timeline</a> </div> </div> <div class="module-template-timeline-blocks callout callout-split timeline-blocks"> <div class="callout-img-wrap callout-split-img"> <img data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/720x439/media/media/99d22b9f-bfac-4e55-9b21-4449f1db30c4.jpg" src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/720x439/media/media/99d22b9f-bfac-4e55-9b21-4449f1db30c4.jpg" alt="" class="callout-img" /> </div> <div class="callout-split-desc"> <span class="g-category callout-cat text-xsmall">timeline</span> <h3 class="section-title"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/residential-schools"> Residential Schools </a> </h3> <p><p>Residential schools were established by Christian churches and the federal government to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian society.</p></p> <a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/residential-schools" class="b-link b-arrow">Explore the Timeline</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="callouts-layout main-grid__content--full"> <h3 class="callouts-layout__title">Education Guides</h3> <div class="callouts-layout__grid"> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/studyguide/aboriginal-peoples-the-war-of-1812" > Aboriginal Peoples: The War of 1812 </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Education Guide</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/media/studyguides/thumbnails/AboriginalPeoples.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/studyguide/treaties-in-canada-learning-guide-and-worksheets" > Treaties in Canada Education Guide and Worksheets </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Education Guide</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/media/studyguides/thumbnails/Treaties_English-image.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/studyguide/residential-schools-in-canada-education-guide" > Residential Schools in Canada Education Guide </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Education Guide</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/media/studyguides/thumbnails/ResidentialSchools_English-image.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/studyguide/canada-history-week-2021-learning-tool" > Canada History Week 2021: Indigenous History Learning Tool </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Education Guide</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/CHW2021.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="callouts-layout main-grid__content--full"> <h3 class="callouts-layout__title">Quizzes</h3> <div class="callouts-layout__grid"> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quiz/cc-quiz-indigenous-peoples" > Indigenous Peoples </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Quiz</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/media/quiz_images/Indigenous-Peoples-2.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="callouts-layout main-grid__content--full"> <h3 class="callouts-layout__title">Gallery</h3> <div class="callouts-layout__grid"> <div class="callout callout-regular"> <div class="callout-img-wrap"> <img class="callout-img" title="Indigenous Cultural Regions in Canada: Plateau" src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f2bb9501-9f70-4f88-a8ba-5752be726ae4.jpg" alt="Indigenous Cultural Regions in Canada: Plateau"> </div> <h6 class="callout-title"> <button class="js-gallery-target link" data-imgURL="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f2bb9501-9f70-4f88-a8ba-5752be726ae4.jpg" aria-label="open Indigenous Cultural Regions in Canada: Plateau image details in modal"> Indigenous Cultural Regions in Canada: Plateau </button> </h6> </div> </div> </div> <div class="callouts-layout main-grid__content--full"> <h3 class="callouts-layout__title">Videos</h3> <div id="videomodal" class="callouts-layout__grid--half"> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <button aria-label="open modal to view video Heritage Minutes: Chanie Wenjack" class="callout-item__link js-callout-video link" data-videoURL=https://youtube.com/embed/v_tcCpKtoU0>Heritage Minutes: Chanie Wenjack</button> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">video</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image-container__image" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/v_tcCpKtoU0/maxresdefault.jpg" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/v_tcCpKtoU0/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> <span class="video-play-btn"></span> </div> </div> <div id="popup-image" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper popup-wrapper-video"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <button class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></button> </div> <div id="image-modal-body" class="popup-body"> <iframe class="iframe-video" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen src=""></iframe> <img src="" class="popup-image" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <button aria-label="open modal to view video Heritage Minutes: Sitting Bull" class="callout-item__link js-callout-video link" data-videoURL=https://youtube.com/embed/xduifQzCYcc>Heritage Minutes: Sitting Bull</button> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">video</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image-container__image" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xduifQzCYcc/maxresdefault.jpg" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xduifQzCYcc/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> <span class="video-play-btn"></span> </div> </div> <div id="popup-image" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper popup-wrapper-video"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <button class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></button> </div> <div id="image-modal-body" class="popup-body"> <iframe class="iframe-video" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen src=""></iframe> <img src="" class="popup-image" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <button aria-label="open modal to view video Heritage Minutes: Syrup" class="callout-item__link js-callout-video link" data-videoURL=https://youtube.com/embed/tdikUhN4gSo>Heritage Minutes: Syrup</button> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">video</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image-container__image" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tdikUhN4gSo/maxresdefault.jpg" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tdikUhN4gSo/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> <span class="video-play-btn"></span> </div> </div> <div id="popup-image" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper popup-wrapper-video"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <button class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></button> </div> <div id="image-modal-body" class="popup-body"> <iframe class="iframe-video" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen src=""></iframe> <img src="" class="popup-image" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <button aria-label="open modal to view video Heritage Minutes: Tommy Prince" class="callout-item__link js-callout-video link" data-videoURL=https://youtube.com/embed/4RrtGg3KnR4>Heritage Minutes: Tommy Prince</button> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">video</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image-container__image" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/4RrtGg3KnR4/maxresdefault.jpg" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/4RrtGg3KnR4/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> <span class="video-play-btn"></span> </div> </div> <div id="popup-image" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper popup-wrapper-video"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <button class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></button> </div> <div id="image-modal-body" class="popup-body"> <iframe class="iframe-video" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen src=""></iframe> <img src="" class="popup-image" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <button aria-label="open modal to view video Heritage Minutes: Naskumituwin (Treaty)" class="callout-item__link js-callout-video link" data-videoURL=https://youtube.com/embed/mVVD9yYCKiI>Heritage Minutes: Naskumituwin (Treaty)</button> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">video</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image-container__image" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mVVD9yYCKiI/maxresdefault.jpg" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mVVD9yYCKiI/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> <span class="video-play-btn"></span> </div> </div> <div id="popup-image" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper popup-wrapper-video"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <button class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></button> </div> <div id="image-modal-body" class="popup-body"> <iframe class="iframe-video" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen src=""></iframe> <img src="" class="popup-image" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <button aria-label="open modal to view video Heritage Minutes: Peacemaker" class="callout-item__link js-callout-video link" data-videoURL=https://youtube.com/embed/GQDL2bZZYj0>Heritage Minutes: Peacemaker</button> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">video</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image-container__image" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/GQDL2bZZYj0/maxresdefault.jpg" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/GQDL2bZZYj0/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> <span class="video-play-btn"></span> </div> </div> <div id="popup-image" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper popup-wrapper-video"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <button class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></button> </div> <div id="image-modal-body" class="popup-body"> <iframe class="iframe-video" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen src=""></iframe> <img src="" class="popup-image" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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