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navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Guangdong</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Guangdong" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Guangdong" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Guangdong,<a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">previously romanized</a> as Kwangtung or Canton, is a coastal <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">province</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South China</a>, on the north shore of the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SNA2008-8">[7]</a> The provincial capital is <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>. With a population of 126.84 million (as of 2021)<a href="#cite_note-data2022-9">[8]</a> across a total area of about 179,800 km2 (69,400 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-mofcom-1">[1]</a> Guangdong is <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">China's most populous province</a> and its <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_area" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by area">15th-largest</a> by area, as well as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_first-level_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of first-level administrative divisions by population">third-most populous country subdivision in the world</a>. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Guangdong</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">广东</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Canton, Kwangtung</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Chinese transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">广东省</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu pinyin">Hanyu pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Guǎngdōng shěng</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Cantonese Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">gwong2 dung1 saang2</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">GD / <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B2%A4#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:粤">粤</a> (Yuè / jyut6)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:77px;max-width:77px"><div style="border:1;;height:112px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton_Tower_20220626_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/75px-Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/113px-Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/150px-Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1672"></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:201px;max-width:201px"><div style="border:1;;height:112px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg/199px-China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg/299px-China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg/398px-China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3940" data-file-height="2216"></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="border:1;;height:96px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_(Zhuhai_section).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg/129px-Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg/194px-Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg/258px-Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="border:1;;height:96px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Huangmanzhai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/145px-Huangmanzhai.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/218px-Huangmanzhai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/290px-Huangmanzhai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="border:1;;height:102px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/278px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/417px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/556px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4982" data-file-height="1833"></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top to bottom, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Canton_Tower" title="Canton Tower">Canton Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenzhen Bay">Shenzhen Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge" title="Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge">Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huangmanzhai_waterfalls" title="Huangmanzhai waterfalls">Huangmanzhai Waterfall</a>, Taishan Xiachuan Island</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangdong_in_China_(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Guangdong Province"><img alt="Map showing the location of Guangdong Province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/275px-Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/413px-Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/550px-Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="940"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map showing the location of Guangdong Province</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guangdong&params=23.4_N_113.5_E_type:adm1st_region:CN">23°24′N 113°30′E / 23.4°N 113.5°E / 23.4; 113.5</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Abbreviated from "Guǎngnándōng Lù" (A "lù" (often translated "<a href="/wiki/Circuit_(administrative_division)" title="Circuit (administrative division)">Circuit</a>") was equal to a province or a state in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song China</a>)</li><li>literally, "At the East of the Expanse" (<a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> being the West)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Capital</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(and largest city)</li></ul></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Divisions</li><li> – <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level</a></li><li> – <a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">County-level</a></li><li> – <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">Township-|level</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of administrative divisions of Guangdong">21 prefectures</a></li><li>122 counties</li><li>1609 towns and subdistricts</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_Provincial_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong Provincial People's Congress (page does not exist)">Guangdong Provincial People's Congress</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" class="extiw" title="zh:廣東省人民代表大會">zh</a>]</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_Secretary_of_Guangdong" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party Secretary of Guangdong">Party Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Huang_Kunming" title="Huang Kunming">Huang Kunming</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Congress Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Huang_Chuping_(politician)" title="Huang Chuping (politician)">Huang Chuping</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Guangdong" title="Governor of Guangdong">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Weizhong" title="Wang Weizhong">Wang Weizhong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Provincial <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lin_Keqing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lin Keqing (page does not exist)">Lin Keqing</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> Representation</th><td class="infobox-data">169 deputies</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-mofcom-1">[1]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">179,800 km2 (69,400 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_area" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by area">15th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Shikengkong" title="Shikengkong">Shikengkong</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,902 m (6,240 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-stats.gov.cn-2">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">126,012,510</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">700/km2 (1,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China#List_of_provincial_level_divisions" title="Provinces of China">7th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a>, Guangdongese<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> (2023)<a href="#cite_note-GDPdata-4">[4]</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CN%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="CN¥">CN¥</a> 13.57 trillion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">1st</a>) <a href="/wiki/US%24" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 1.93 trillion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 106,986 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">7th</a>) US$ 15,182</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CN-GD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.813<a href="#cite_note-SHDI-5">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI">6th</a>) – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>very high</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gd.gov.cn/">www.gd.gov.cn</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15175#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> (in Chinese)</td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Guangdong</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangdong_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/115px-Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/173px-Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/230px-Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="578"></a><div class="infobox-caption">"Guangdong" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">广东</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">廣東</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kwangtung</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Eastern Expanse"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ac\/Zh-Guangdong.ogg\/Zh-Guangdong.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Gu\u01cengd\u014dng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Guangdong.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Zh-Guangdong.ogg/Zh-Guangdong.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">Guǎngdōng</a><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Guangdong.ogg" title="File:Zh-Guangdong.ogg">ⓘ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄉㄨㄥ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Goangdong</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kuang3-tung1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Guǎngdong</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Gwǎngdūng</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Guǎngdūng</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[kwàŋ.tʊ́ŋ]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kuaon ton (T2)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Gong3dung1</li><li>or</li><li>Kóng-tûng</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Gwóngdùng</li><li>or</li><li>Gwóngdūng</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">gwong2 dung1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization" title="Guangdong Romanization">Canton Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Guong2-dung1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[kʷɔŋ˧˥.tʊŋ˥˧]</a></li><li>or</li><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[kʷɔŋ˧˥.tʊŋ˥]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">other Yue</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishanese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kwong˧˥ tung˥</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kńg-tang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kńg-tang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a> Romanization</th><td class="infobox-data">Kèng-dang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Min" title="Leizhou Min">Leizhou</a> Romanization</th><td class="infobox-data">Gèng-tang</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Guōng-dĕ̤ng</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kwangX tung</td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Abbreviation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">粤</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">粵</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">[an ancient name for southern China's <a href="/wiki/Baiyue" title="Baiyue">Baiyue</a>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yuè</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ㄩㄝˋ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yueh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yüeh4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yuè</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ywè</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yuè</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ɥê]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yet6 or Ye̍t</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yuht</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">jyut6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization" title="Guangdong Romanization">Canton Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yüd6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[jyt̚˨]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">other Yue</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishanese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yut ˨</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oa̍t</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ua̍t</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Min" title="Leizhou Min">Leizhou</a> Romanization</th><td class="infobox-data">O̍et</td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Guangdong's economy is the largest of any <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">provincial-level division</a> in China, with a GDP of 13.57 trillion <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">RMB</a> ($1.9 trillion in GDP nominal) in 2023, contributing approximately 10.6% of mainland China's economic output. It has a diversified economy, and was known as the starting point of ancient China's <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Silk_Road" title="Maritime Silk Road">Maritime Silk Road</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> It is home to the production facilities and offices of a wide-ranging set of Chinese and foreign corporations. Guangdong has benefited from its proximity to the financial hub of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, which it borders to the south. Guangdong also hosts the largest import and export fair in China, the <a href="/wiki/Canton_Fair" title="Canton Fair">Canton Fair</a>, in Guangzhou. The <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" title="Pearl River Delta Economic Zone">Pearl River Delta Economic Zone</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Chinese megalopolis</a>, is a core for <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">foreign trade</a>. In this zone are two of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_city_tier_system" title="Chinese city tier system">four top Chinese cities</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_prefecture-level_cities_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese prefecture-level cities by GDP">top two Chinese prefecture-level cities by GDP</a>: Guangzhou and <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">special economic zone</a> in the country. These two are among China's most populous and important cities, and have become two of the world's most populous <a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">megacities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">leading financial centres</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-GFCI-11">[10]</a> Guangdong surpassed <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> to become China's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">most populous province</a> in January 2005, registering 79.1 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year;<a href="#cite_note-English_people.com.cn-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chinadaily.com-13">[12]</a> the total population was 126,012,510 in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020 Chinese census</a>, accounting for 8.93 percent of <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>'s population.<a href="#cite_note-Census2020-14">[13]</a> This makes it the most populous first-level administrative subdivision of any country outside <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. The vast majority of the historical Guangdong Province is administered by the People's Republic of China (PRC). <a href="/wiki/Pratas_Island" title="Pratas Island">Pratas Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> is part of <a href="/wiki/Cijin_District" title="Cijin District">Cijin District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (ROC); the island was part of Guangdong Province before the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> After the unification of <a href="/wiki/Lingnan" title="Lingnan">Lingnan</a> region during the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a>, immigrants from the <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plains</a> moved in and formed a <a href="/wiki/Lingnan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan culture">local culture</a> with a unique style. With the outward movement of the <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Guangdong people</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guangdong" title="Music of Guangdong">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">opera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gongfu_tea_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Gongfu tea ceremony">tea ceremony</a> have spread throughout the nation, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, and other countries. Guangdong was also the birthplace of the father of modern China and the founder of the Republic of China, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>. He declared a <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_in_Guangzhou" title="Government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou">military government</a> there in the <a href="/wiki/Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">Warlord Era</a>. The two <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> fall within the scope of Guangdong's cultural influence, and its culture still has profound influences on the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Singaporeans" title="Chinese Singaporeans">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Malaysia</a>, with the vast majority of the Chinese diaspora in the two countries claiming ancestry from Guangdong. Guangdong is also one of the leading provinces in research and education in China. It hosts 160 <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Guangdong" title="List of universities and colleges in Guangdong">institutions of higher education</a>, ranking first in the <a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central China</a> region and second among all Chinese provinces/municipalities, after <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-17">[16]</a> As of 2023, two major cities in the province ranked in the world's top <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">20 cities</a> (Guangzhou 8th and Shenzhen 19th) by scientific research output.<a href="#cite_note-nature.com-18">[17]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Name">1 Name</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Prehistory">2.1 Prehistory</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Imperial">2.2 Imperial</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#20th_century">2.3 20th century</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Economy">4 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Economic_and_technological_development_zones">4.1 Economic and technological development zones</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Demographics">5 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Urbanization">5.1 Urbanization</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Genealogy">5.2 Genealogy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Languages_and_ethnicities">5.3 Languages and ethnicities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Gender_ratio">5.4 Gender ratio</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Religion">5.5 Religion</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Politics">6 Politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Dissent">6.1 Dissent</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Relations_with_Hong_Kong_and_Macau">6.2 Relations with Hong Kong and Macau</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Media">7 Media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Culture">8 Culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Education_and_research">9 Education and research</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Colleges_and_universities">9.1 Colleges and universities</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#National_/_Double_First-Class">9.1.1 National / Double First-Class</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Provincial">9.1.2 Provincial</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Sports">10 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Tourism">11 Tourism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Administrative_divisions">12 Administrative divisions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Urban_areas">12.1 Urban areas</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#International_relations">13 International relations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#See_also">14 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Notes">15 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#References">16 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Citations">16.1 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Sources">16.2 Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#External_links">17 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> "Guǎng" (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 廣; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 广) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> The name "Guang" ultimately came from Guangxin (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E4%BF%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:廣信">廣信</a>; 广信), an outpost established in <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> near modern <a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a>, whose name is a reference to an order by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu of Han</a> to "widely bestow favors and sow trust". Together, Guangdong and Guangxi are called <a href="/wiki/Liangguang" title="Liangguang">Loeng gwong</a> (兩廣; 两广; liǎng guǎng) During the Song dynasty, the Two Guangs were formally separated as Guǎngnán Dōnglù (廣南東路; 广南东路; 'East <a href="/wiki/Circuit_(administrative_division)" title="Circuit (administrative division)">Circuit</a> in Southern Guang') and Guǎngnán Xīlù (廣南西路; 广南西路; 'West <a href="/wiki/Circuit_(administrative_division)" title="Circuit (administrative division)">Circuit</a> in Southern Guang'), which became abbreviated as Guǎngdōng Lù (廣東路; 广东路) and Guǎngxī Lù (廣西路; 广西路). "Canton", though etymologically derived from Cantão (the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> of "Guangdong"), usually by itself refers to the provincial capital <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Historically, Canton was also used for the province itself,<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> but often either specified as a province (e.g. Canton Province),<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> or written as Kwangtung in the <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> system and now most commonly as Guangdong in <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> The local people of the city of <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> (Canton) and their language are called <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a> in English. Because of the prestige of <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a> and its accent, Cantonese can also be used, in a wider sense, for the phylogenetically related residents and Chinese dialects outside the provincial capital.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg/220px-Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="743"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 109px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg/220px-Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="109" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg/330px-Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg/440px-Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Kwangtung Provincial Government of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%9349)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912–49)">Republic of China</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> era began in the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a> (珠江三角洲) 7,000 years before present (BP), with the early period from around 7000 to 5000 BP (c. 5050–3050 BC), and the late period from about 5000 to 3500 BP (c. 3050–1550 BC). In coastal Guangdong, the Neolithic was likely introduced from the middle Yangtze River area (Jiao 2013). In inland Guangdong, the neolithic appeared in Guangdong 4,600 years before present (BP). The Neolithic in northern inland Guangdong is represented by the Shixia culture (石峽文化), which occurred from 4600 to 4200 BP (c. 2650–2250 BC).<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial">Imperial</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Imperial" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Originally inhabited by a mixture of tribal groups known to the Chinese as the <a href="/wiki/Baiyue" title="Baiyue">Baiyue</a> ("Hundred Yue"), the region first became part of China during the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a>. Under the Qin Dynasty, Chinese administration began and along with it reliable historical records in the region. After establishing the first <a href="/wiki/Qin%27s_wars_of_unification" title="Qin's wars of unification">unified Chinese empire</a>, the Qin expanded southwards and set up <a href="/wiki/Nanhai_Commandery" title="Nanhai Commandery">Nanhai Commandery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a>, near what is now part of Guangzhou. The region was an independent kingdom as <a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Nanyue</a> between the fall of Qin and the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu of Han</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> administered Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam as <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_(region)" title="Jiaozhou (region)">Jiaozhi Province</a>; southernmost Jiaozhi Province was used as a gateway for traders from the west—as far away as the Roman Empire. Under the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Wu Kingdom</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period, Guangdong was made its own province, the Guang Province, in 226 CE.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Canton was a prosperous port city along a tropical frontier region beset by disease and wild animals, but rich in oranges, <a href="/wiki/Banyan" title="Banyan">banyan</a>, bananas, and <a href="/wiki/Lychee" title="Lychee">lychee</a> fruits. They traded slaves, silk and <a href="/wiki/Chinaware" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinaware">chinaware</a> with <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmans">Brahmans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays</a> in exchange for their renowned medicines and fragrant tropical woods. <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a Muslims">Shi'a Muslims</a> who had fled persecution in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a> from India lived side by side in the thriving town each erecting their own houses of worship. A foreign quarter sprang up along the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">river</a> where many traders of diverse backgrounds including Arabs and <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Singhalese</a> took up residence.<a href="#cite_note-University_of_California_Press-26">[25]</a> The port's importance declined after it was raided by Arabs and Persians in 758 and the foreign residents were at times troubled by the corrupt local officials, sometimes responding violently. During one incident in 684, for example, a merchant vessel's captain murdered a corrupt governor who had used his position to steal from the merchant.<a href="#cite_note-University_of_California_Press-26">[25]</a> Together with <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, Guangdong was made part of <a href="/wiki/Lingnan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan culture">Lingnan</a> Circuit (political division Circuit), or Mountain-South Circuit, in 627 during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>. The Guangdong part of Lingnan Circuit was renamed <a href="/wiki/Guangnan_East_Circuit" title="Guangnan East Circuit">Guangnan East Circuit</a> (廣南東路) in 971 during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279). "Guangnan East" (廣南東) is the source of the name "Guangdong" (廣東; 广东).<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a>: 227 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg/220px-Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg/220px-Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg/330px-Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg/440px-Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cantonese food</figcaption></figure> As time passed, the demographics of what is now Guangdong gradually shifted to (<a href="/wiki/Han_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Han people">Han</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] Chinese dominance as the populations intermingled due to commerce along the great canals. From the fall of the Han dynasty onwards, it shifted more abruptly through massive migration from <a href="/wiki/Northern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern China">the north</a> during periods of political turmoil and nomadic incursions. For example, internal strife in northern China following <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="An Lushan Rebellion">the rebellion</a> of <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan" title="An Lushan">An Lushan</a> resulted in a 75% increase in the population of Guangzhou prefecture between the 740s–750s and 800s–810s.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> As more migrants arrived, the local population was gradually <a href="/wiki/Sinicization" title="Sinicization">assimilated to Han Chinese culture</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> or displaced. As <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty">Mongols</a> from the north engaged in their <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_China" title="Mongol conquest of China">conquest of China</a> in the 13th century, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song">Southern Song</a> court fled southwards from its capital in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>. The defeat of the Southern Song court by Mongol naval forces in The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yamen" title="Battle of Yamen">Battle of Yamen</a> 1279 in Guangdong marked the end of the Southern Song dynasty (960–1279).<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> During the Mongol <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>, large parts of current Guangdong belonged to <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> Its present name, "Guangdong Province" was given in early <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. Since the 16th century, Guangdong has had extensive trade links with the rest of the world. European merchants coming northwards via the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Malacca">Straits of Malacca</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> and British, traded extensively through Guangzhou. <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, on the southern coast of Guangdong, was the first European settlement in 1557.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Opium_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Opium trade">opium traded</a> through Guangzhou triggered the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a>, opening an era of Western imperialists' incursion and intervention in China. In addition to <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a>, which was then a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese colony</a>, Hong Kong was ceded to the British, and <a href="/wiki/Leased_Territory_of_Guangzhouwan" title="Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan">Kouang-Tchéou-Wan</a> (modern day area of <a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a>) to the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province,_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/220px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/220px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/440px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Jiangmen beaches, Guangdong</figcaption></figure> Due to the large number of people that emigrated out of the Guangdong province, and in particular the ease of immigration from Hong Kong to other parts of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> (later <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commonwealth">British Commonwealth</a>), many overseas Chinese communities have their origins in Guangdong and/or Cantonese culture. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a> dialects have proportionately more speakers among overseas Chinese people than Mandarin-speaking Chinese. Additionally, many Taishanese-speaking Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">emigrated</a> to Western countries, with the results that many Western versions of Chinese words were derived from the Cantonese dialects rather than through the mainstream Mandarin language, such as "<a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">dim sum</a>". Some Mandarin Chinese words originally of foreign origin also came from the original foreign language by way of Cantonese. For example, the Mandarin word níngméng (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 柠檬; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 檸檬), meaning "Lemon", came from Cantonese, in which the characters are pronounced as lìng mung.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> In the United States, there is a large number of Chinese who are descendants of immigrants from the <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a> (Toisan in Cantonese), who speak a distinctive dialect related to Cantonese called <a href="/wiki/Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishanese</a> (or Toishanese). During the 1850s, the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Heavenly_Kingdom" title="Taiping Heavenly Kingdom">Taiping Heavenly Kingdom</a>, whose leader <a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong Xiuquan</a> was born in Guangdong and received a pamphlet from a Protestant Christian missionary in Guangdong, was allied with a local Guangdong <a href="/wiki/Red_Turban_Rebellion_(1854%E2%80%931856)" title="Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)">Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)</a>. Because of direct contact with the West, Guangdong was the centre of anti-Manchu and anti-imperialist activity. The generally acknowledged founder of modern China, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>, was also from Guangdong. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> During the early 1920s of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, Guangdong was the staging area for the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT) to prepare for the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Expedition_(1926%E2%80%931927)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Expedition (1926–1927)">Northern Expedition</a>, an effort to bring the various <a href="/wiki/Warlord_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Warlord era">warlords</a> of China back under a unified central government. The <a href="/wiki/Whampoa_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Whampoa Military Academy">Whampoa Military Academy</a> was built near Guangzhou to train military commanders. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/410px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="410" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4982" data-file-height="1833"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 410px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/410px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="410" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/615px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/820px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Taishan Xiachuan Island, Guangdong</figcaption></figure> At the end of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> Guangdong became one of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a>'s final footholds in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>, with Guangzhou temporarily serving as the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>'s provisional capitol. The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> seized control of the province after the <a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> The new <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> administration issued harsh taxes, requisitioning between 22 and 60 percent of grain annually. However, the local party boss Fang Fang tried to moderate <a href="/wiki/Land_Reform_Movement_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Reform Movement (China)">Chinese land reform policy</a> in order to protect successful businesses in the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a>, landholdings by <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a> seeking to eventually return to the country, and commercial relations with <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a>. In response <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> purged Fang and thousands of cadres from the province in 1952, sending <a href="/wiki/Tao_Zhu" title="Tao Zhu">Tao Zhu</a> to implement a much harsher program under the slogan "Every Village Bleeds, Every Household Fights."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDik%C3%B6tter201376-81-34">[33]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Reform_and_opening_up" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform and opening up">Reform and Opening Up</a>, Guangdong was supported by the central government to be "one step ahead" of the rest of the country.<a href="#cite_note-:53-35">[34]</a>: 43 Most major cities in Guangdong underwent liberalizing economic reforms in the mid-1980s.<a href="#cite_note-:53-35">[34]</a>: 43 Since Reform and Opening Up, the province has seen extremely rapid economic growth, aided in part by its close trading links with <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, which borders it. It is now the province with the highest gross domestic product in China. In 1952, a small section of Guangdong's coastline (<a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a>, Lianzhou (now <a href="/wiki/Hepu_County" title="Hepu County">Hepu County</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a>) was given to Guangxi, giving it access to the sea. This was reversed in 1955, and then restored in 1965. <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a> Island was originally part of Guangdong, but it was separated into its own province in 1988. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_(32).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg/220px-%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg/220px-%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg/330px-%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg/440px-%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A horse in Hongshan village</figcaption></figure> Guangdong faces the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> to the south and has a total of 4,300 km (2,700 mi) of coastline. The <a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a> is on the southwestern end of the province. There are a few inactive <a href="/wiki/Volcanoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanoes">volcanoes</a> on Leizhou Peninsula. The <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a> is the convergent point of three upstream rivers: the <a href="/wiki/Dong_Jiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong Jiang">East River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bei_Jiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Bei Jiang">North River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Jiang">West River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">river delta</a> is filled with hundreds of small islands. The province is geographically separated from the north by a few <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain ranges</a> collectively called the <a href="/wiki/Nan_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Nan Mountains">Nan Mountains</a> (Nan Ling). The highest peak in the province is <a href="/wiki/Shikengkong" title="Shikengkong">Shikengkong</a> with an elevation of 6,240 feet (1,900 meters) above sea level.<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG/220px-%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG/220px-%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG/330px-%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG/440px-%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">Pearl River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humen_Pearl_River_Bridge" title="Humen Pearl River Bridge">Humen Bridge</a></div></figcaption></figure> Guangdong borders <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> autonomous region to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_region_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special administrative region (People's Republic of China)">Special Administrative Regions</a> to the south. <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a> is offshore across from the <a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pratas_Island" title="Pratas Island">Pratas Island</a>, which were traditionally governed as part of Guangdong, are part of <a href="/wiki/Cijin_District" title="Cijin District">Cijin District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaoshiung" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaoshiung">Kaoshiung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (ROC).<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> The PRC continues to claim Pratas Island as part of Guangdong under the district of <a href="/wiki/Chengqu,_Shanwei" title="Chengqu, Shanwei">Chengqu, Shanwei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sws-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-chengqu-38">[37]</a> Cities around the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a> include <a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunde">Shunde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a>. Other cities in the province include <a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenghai">Chenghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai District">Nanhai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a>. Guangdong has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> Cfa inland, Cwa along the coast). Winters are short, mild, and relatively dry, while summers are long, hot, and very wet. Average daily highs in Guangzhou in January and July are 18 and 33 °C (64 and 91 °F), although the humidity makes it feel hotter in summer. Frost is rare on the coast but may happen a few days each winter. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guangdong" title="Economy of Guangdong">Economy of Guangdong</a></div> In 2022, Guangdong's GDP was 13.57 trillion <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">RMB</a> ($1.9 trillion in GDP nominal, $3.78 trillion in <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>), with a per capita GDP of CN¥102,465 (US$15,234 in nominal or US$25,016 in <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>).<a href="#cite_note-data2022-9">[8]</a> It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">richest province</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central China</a> region and the seventh richest among all provinces by GDP per capita. Guangdong has been the largest province by GDP since 1989 in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Its GDP exceeded that of Australia ($1.70 trillion) and South Korea ($1.67 trillion), the world's 12th and 13th <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">largest economy</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-IMF-40">[39]</a> If it was a country, Guangdong would be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">12th-largest economy</a> as of 2022 and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">11th most populous</a>.<a href="#cite_note-data2022-9">[8]</a> Compared to country subdivisions in dollar terms, Guangdong's GDP in nominal is larger than all but four <a href="/wiki/List_of_country_subdivisions_by_GDP_over_200_billion_US_dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country subdivisions by GDP over 200 billion US dollars">country subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York State</a>, and <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. Compared to country subdivisions in PPP terms, Guangdong's GDP is larger than all, except California.<a href="#cite_note-IMF-40">[39]</a> By PPP terms, as of 2022, Guangdong's economy ranked between Turkey and Italy with a GDP of $3.35 trillion and US$3.06 trillion respectively, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">11th and 12th largest in the world</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-IMF-40">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg/170px-%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg/170px-%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg/255px-%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg/340px-%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Shops in one of the electronic markets of <a href="/wiki/Huaqiangbei" title="Huaqiangbei">Huaqiangbei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, specialize in selling various electronic components, supplying the needs of local and global consumer electronics manufacturers.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="10">Historical GDP of Guangdong Province for 1978 –present (SNA2008)<a href="#cite_note-SNA2008-8">[7]</a> (purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as <a href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Int'l.dollar</a> based on IMF WEO October 2017<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center" rowspan="3">year </td> <td align="center" colspan="4">GDP </td> <td align="center" colspan="3">GDP per capita (GDPpc) based on mid-year population </td> <td align="center" colspan="2">Reference index </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center" colspan="3">GDP in millions </td> <td align="center" rowspan="2">real growth (%) </td> <td align="center" colspan="3">GDPpc </td> <td align="center" colspan="2">exchange rate 1 foreign currency to CNY </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CNY</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Int'l$.</a>) </td> <td>CNY </td> <td>USD </td> <td>PPP (Int'l$.) </td> <td>USD 1 </td> <td>Int'l$. 1 (PPP) </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2016</td> <td>8,085,491</td> <td>1,217,273</td> <td>2,306,121</td> <td>7.5</td> <td>74,016</td> <td>11,143</td> <td>21,111</td> <td>6.6423</td> <td>3.5061 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2015</td> <td>7,402,743</td> <td>1,188,546</td> <td>2,085,809</td> <td>8.0</td> <td>68,629</td> <td>11,019</td> <td>19,337</td> <td>6.2284</td> <td>3.5491 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2014</td> <td>6,890,143</td> <td>1,121,662</td> <td>1,940,721</td> <td>7.8</td> <td>64,491</td> <td>10,499</td> <td>18,165</td> <td>6.1428</td> <td>3.5503 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2013</td> <td>6,345,544</td> <td>1,024,599</td> <td>1,774,034</td> <td>8.5</td> <td>59,756</td> <td>9,649</td> <td>16,706</td> <td>6.1932</td> <td>3.5769 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2012</td> <td>5,799,354</td> <td>918,710</td> <td>1,633,253</td> <td>8.2</td> <td>54,973</td> <td>8,709</td> <td>15,482</td> <td>6.3125</td> <td>3.5508 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2011</td> <td>5,395,920</td> <td>835,437</td> <td>1,539,273</td> <td>10.0</td> <td>51,523</td> <td>7,977</td> <td>14,698</td> <td>6.4588</td> <td>3.5055 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2010</td> <td>4,657,712</td> <td>688,044</td> <td>1,406,909</td> <td>12.4</td> <td>45,284</td> <td>6,689</td> <td>13,678</td> <td>6.7695</td> <td>3.3106 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2005</td> <td>2,272,329</td> <td>277,394</td> <td>794,799</td> <td>14.1</td> <td>24,828</td> <td>3,031</td> <td>8,684</td> <td>8.1917</td> <td>2.8590 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2000</td> <td>1,081,021</td> <td>130,583</td> <td>397,536</td> <td>11.5</td> <td>12,818</td> <td>1,548</td> <td>4,714</td> <td>8.2784</td> <td>2.7193 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1990</td> <td>155,903</td> <td>32,594</td> <td>91,568</td> <td>11.6</td> <td>2,484</td> <td>519</td> <td>1,459</td> <td>4.7832</td> <td>1.7026 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1980</td> <td>24,965</td> <td>16,661</td> <td>16,693</td> <td>16.6</td> <td>481</td> <td>321</td> <td>322</td> <td>1.4984</td> <td>1.4955 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1978</td> <td>18,585</td> <td>11,039</td> <td></td> <td>1.0</td> <td>370</td> <td>220</td> <td></td> <td>1.6836</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> After the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Revolution_(1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Revolution (1949)">communist revolution</a> and until the start of the <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> reforms in 1978, Guangdong was an economic backwater, although a large underground, service-based economy has always existed. Economic development policies encouraged industrial development in the interior provinces which were weakly joined to <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Guangdong" title="Transport in Guangdong">Guangdong via transportation links</a>. The government policy of economic <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">autarky</a> made Guangdong's access to the ocean irrelevant.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Deng Xiaoping's open door policy radically changed the economy of the province as it was able to take advantage of its access to the ocean, proximity to Hong Kong, and historical links to <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a>. Guangdong was one of the first provinces to receive permission from the central government to receive foreign investment.<a href="#cite_note-:26-42">[41]</a>: 148 In addition, until the 1990s when the <a href="/wiki/Tax_system_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax system in China">Chinese taxation system</a> was reformed, the province benefited from the relatively low rate of taxation placed on it by the central government due to its post-Liberation status of being economically backward.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenzhen_city_montage.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shenzhen_city_montage.png/380px-Shenzhen_city_montage.png" decoding="async" width="380" height="507" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 380px;height: 507px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shenzhen_city_montage.png/380px-Shenzhen_city_montage.png" data-width="380" data-height="507" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shenzhen_city_montage.png/571px-Shenzhen_city_montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shenzhen_city_montage.png/760px-Shenzhen_city_montage.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Shenzhen famous building and tourist attractions</figcaption></figure> Guangdong's economic boom began with the early 1990s and has since spread to neighboring provinces, and also pulled their populations inward. The economic growth of Guangdong province owes much to the low-value-added manufacturing which characterized (and in many ways still defines) the province's economy following <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>'s reforms. Guangdong is not only China's largest exporter of goods, it is the country's largest importer as well.<a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective1-43">[42]</a> The province is now one of the richest in the nation, with the most billionaires in mainland China,<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> the highest GDP among all the provinces, although wage growth has only recently begun to rise due to a large influx of migrant workers from neighboring provinces. By 2015, the local government of Guangdong hopes that the service industry will account for more than 50 percent of the provinces GDP and high-tech manufacturing another 20 percent.<a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective1-43">[42]</a> In 2021, Guangdong's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 534 billion RMB (US$79.4 billion), 5.28 trillion RMB (US$785.6 billion), and 7.09 trillion RMB (US$1.05 trillion), respectively.<a href="#cite_note-data2022-9">[8]</a> Guangdong contributes approximately 10.6% of the total national economic output.<a href="#cite_note-data2022-9">[8]</a> Now, it has three of the six <a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zones_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China">Special Economic Zones</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a>. The affluence of Guangdong, however, remains very concentrated near the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_and_technological_development_zones">Economic and technological development zones</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economic and technological development zones" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> Export Processing Zone</li> <li>Shenzhen <a href="/wiki/Futian" class="mw-redirect" title="Futian">Futian</a> Free Trade Zone<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a></li> <li>Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantian" class="mw-redirect" title="Yantian">Yantian</a> Port Free Trade Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> Development District</li> <li>Guangzhou Export Processing Zone</li> <li>Guangzhou Free Trade Zone</li> <li>Guangzhou Nansha Economic and Technical Development Zone</li> <li>Guangzhou Nanhu Lake Tourist Holiday Resort (Chinese Version)</li> <li>Guangzhou New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a> Dayawan Economic and Technological Development Zone</li> <li>Huizhou Export Processing Zone</li> <li>Huizhou Zhongkai Hi-Tech Development Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha_Subdistrict" title="Nansha Subdistrict">Nansha</a> Free Trade Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a> Free Trade Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatoujiao" class="mw-redirect" title="Shatoujiao">Shatoujiao</a> Free Trade Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a> Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese Version)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</li> <li>Zhuhai Free Trade Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a> Torch High-tech Industrial Development Zone</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1912<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,011,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">— </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1928<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,428,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936–37<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,453,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1947<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,210,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−16.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1954<a href="#cite_note-census1954-51">[50]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">34,770,059</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+27.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1964<a href="#cite_note-census1964-52">[51]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,800,849</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982<a href="#cite_note-census1982-53">[52]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,299,220</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+38.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990<a href="#cite_note-census1990-54">[53]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">62,829,236</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000<a href="#cite_note-census2000-55">[54]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">85,225,007</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+35.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2010<a href="#cite_note-census2010-56">[55]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">104,303,132</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+22.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020<a href="#cite_note-stats.gov.cn-2">[2]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">126,012,510</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Hainan Province part of Guangdong Province until 1988. Guangzhou part of Guangdong Province until 1947; dissolved in 1954 and incorporated into Guangdong Province.</td></tr></tbody></table> Guangdong officially became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Republic_of_China_administrative_divisions_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Republic of China administrative divisions by population">most populous province</a> in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-English_people.com.cn-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chinadaily.com-13">[12]</a> Official statistics had traditionally placed Guangdong as the fourth-most populous province of China with about 80 million people, though an influx of migrants, temporary workers, and newly settled individuals numbered around 30 million.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> The massive influx of migrants from other provinces, dubbed the "floating population", is due to Guangdong's booming economy and high demand for labor. If Guangdong were an independent nation, it would rank among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">twelfth largest countries of the world by population</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanization">Urbanization</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Urbanization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Guangzhou_skyline.jpg/220px-Guangzhou_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="682"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 152px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Guangzhou_skyline.jpg/220px-Guangzhou_skyline.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Guangzhou_skyline.jpg/330px-Guangzhou_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Guangzhou_skyline.jpg/440px-Guangzhou_skyline.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> is the third largest city in the People's Republic of China.</div></figcaption></figure> In 2021, Guangdong's population is 74.6% urban and 25.4% rural.<a href="#cite_note-data2022-9">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genealogy">Genealogy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Genealogy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Guangdong is the ancestral home of large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a>. Most of the railroad laborers in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> in the 19th century came from Guangdong, especially the <a href="/wiki/Siyi" title="Siyi">Siyi</a> area. Many people from the region also traveled to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and other parts of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> during the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">gold rush of 1849</a>, and also to <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Australia">Australia</a> during its <a href="/wiki/Australian_gold_rushes" title="Australian gold rushes">gold rush</a> a decade or so later. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages_and_ethnicities">Languages and ethnicities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Languages and ethnicities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The majority of the province's population is <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>. Within the Han Chinese, the largest subgroup in Guangdong are the <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese people</a>. Two other major groups are the <a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chaoshan" title="Chaoshan">Chaoshan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shaozhou_Tuhua" title="Shaozhou Tuhua">Shaozhou Tuhua</a> is spoken in <a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Min" title="Leizhou Min">Leizhou Min</a> is spoken in the Leizhou Peninsula. There is a small <a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a> population in the north. Other smaller <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese ethnic groups">minority groups</a> include <a href="/wiki/She_people" title="She people">She</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Miao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Chinese">Li</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender_ratio">Gender ratio</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gender ratio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Guangdong has a highly unbalanced gender ratio that is among the highest of all provinces in China. According to a 2009 study published in <a href="/wiki/The_BMJ" title="The BMJ">The British Medical Journal</a>, in the 1–4 age group, there are over 130 boys for every 100 girls.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Purple; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1323.7769652808px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 506.89393637885px; border-left-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 151.19816498635px; border-left-color:DarkRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkRed"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in Guangdong (2012)<a href="#cite_note-CFPS2012-59">[58]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Irreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligious">Irreligious</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">folk religion</a> (90.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhism</a> (6.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestantism</a> (1.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> (1.2%)</div> </div> </div></div> According to a 2012 survey<a href="#cite_note-CFPS2012-59">[58]</a> only around 7% of the population of Guangdong belongs to organised religions, the largest groups being <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhists</a> with 6.2%, followed by <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestants</a> with 1.8% and <a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in China">Catholics</a> with 1.2%. Around 90% of the population is either irreligious or may be involved in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> worshipping <a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">nature gods, ancestral deities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">popular sects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist traditions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhist religious traditions</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ruism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruism">Confucian religious traditions</a>. According to a survey conducted in 2007, 43.71% of the population believes and is involved in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral religion">ancestor veneration</a>,<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> the traditional Chinese religion of the lineages organised into <a href="/wiki/Lineage_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lineage church">lineage churches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_shrine" title="Ancestral shrine">ancestral shrines</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:924px;max-width:924px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg/150px-%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4794" data-file-height="3196"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg/150px-%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg/225px-%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg/300px-%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Buddhist Yuhua Temple in <a href="/wiki/Ronggui_Subdistrict" title="Ronggui Subdistrict">Ronggui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunde">Shunde</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg/150px-Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="1872"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 84px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg/150px-Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="84" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg/225px-Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg/300px-Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Temple of <a href="/wiki/Huang_Daxian" class="mw-redirect" title="Huang Daxian">Huang Daxian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg/150px-Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg/150px-Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg/225px-Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg/300px-Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Temple of Nanhaishen (God of the Southern Sea) in Guangzhou</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG/150px-Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 94px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG/150px-Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="94" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG/225px-Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG/300px-Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Temple of <a href="/wiki/Mazu_(deity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazu (deity)">Tianhou</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chiwan" title="Chiwan">Chiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG/150px-%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="602"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG/150px-%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG/225px-%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG/300px-%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Temple of the <a href="/wiki/Chenghuangshen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenghuangshen">Chenghuangshen</a> (City God) of <a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg/150px-Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg/150px-Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg/225px-Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg/300px-Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Temple of the Great Buddha in Guangzhou</div></div></div></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guangdong" title="Politics of Guangdong">Politics of Guangdong</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China">List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China</a>.</div> Guangdong is governed by a one-party system like the rest of China. The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Guangdong" title="Governor of Guangdong">Governor</a> is in charge of provincial affairs; however, the Communist Party Secretary, often from outside of Guangdong, keeps the Governor in check. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissent">Dissent</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dissent" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> According to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>'s China Dissent Monitor, Guangdong accounted for 17% of dissent events in the first quarter of 2024 – over 100 events despite heavy <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship in China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> In 2024, Freedom House rated China as below zero on political rights (−2 out of 40).<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_Hong_Kong_and_Macau">Relations with Hong Kong and Macau</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Relations with Hong Kong and Macau" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, while historically parts of Guangdong before becoming colonies of the United Kingdom and Portugal, respectively, are <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_region_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China">special administrative regions</a> (SARs). Furthermore, the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law">Basic Laws</a> of both SARs explicitly forbid <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">provincial governments</a> from intervening in local politics. As a result, many issues with Hong Kong and Macau, such as border policy and water rights, have been settled by negotiations between the SARs' governments and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guangdong" title="Government of Guangdong">Guangdong provincial government</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> Guangdong and the greater Guangzhou area are served by several <a href="/wiki/Radio_Guangdong" title="Radio Guangdong">Radio Guangdong</a> stations, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Television" title="Guangdong Television">Guangdong Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Television_Guangdong" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Television Guangdong">Southern Television Guangdong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenzhen Television">Shenzhen Television</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Television">Guangzhou Television</a>. There is an English programme produced by <a href="/wiki/Radio_Guangdong" title="Radio Guangdong">Radio Guangdong</a> which broadcasts information about this region to the entire world through the <a href="/wiki/WRN_Broadcast" title="WRN Broadcast">WRN Broadcast</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lingnan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan culture">Lingnan culture</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guangdong" title="Music of Guangdong">Music of Guangdong</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Guangdong" title="Special:EditPage/Guangdong">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (July 2014) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg/220px-3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg/220px-3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg/330px-3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg/440px-3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Har_gow" title="Har gow">har gow</a> are classical Cantonese dumplings served as dim sum.</figcaption></figure> The central region, which is also the political and economic center, is populated predominantly by <a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue Chinese</a> speakers, though the influx in the last three decades of millions of <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>-speaking immigrants has slightly diminished Cantonese linguistic dominance. This region is associated with <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim Sum</a> is one famous example of Cantonese cuisine, dividing Cantonese food into small portions and served with small dishes. <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_opera" title="Chinese opera">Chinese opera</a> popular in Cantonese speaking areas. Related Yue dialects are spoken in most of the western half of the province. The area comprising the cities of <a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a> in coastal east Guangdong, known as <a href="/wiki/Chaoshan" title="Chaoshan">Chaoshan</a>, forms its own cultural sphere. The <a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew people</a> here, along with <a href="/wiki/Hailufeng_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hailufeng dialect">Hailufeng Min</a> people in <a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a>, speak <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, which is a <a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a> dialect closely related to mainstream <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Southern Min</a> (Hokkien) and their cuisine is <a href="/wiki/Chiuchow_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiuchow cuisine">Teochew cuisine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Teochew_opera" title="Teochew opera">Teochew opera</a> is also well-known and has a unique form. The <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a> live in large areas of Guangdong, including <a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a> and other areas. Much of the Eastern part of Guangdong is populated by the Hakka people except for the Chaozhou and Hailufeng area. Hakka culture include <a href="/wiki/Hakka_cuisine" title="Hakka cuisine">Hakka cuisine</a>, Han opera (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 汉剧; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 漢劇), Hakka Hanyue and sixian (traditional instrumental music) and Hakka folk songs (客家山歌). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puning,_Jieyang,_Guangdong,_China_-_panoramio_(123).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg/220px-Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg/220px-Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg/330px-Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg/440px-Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Jieyang architecture</figcaption></figure> The outcast <a href="/wiki/Tanka_people" title="Tanka people">Tanka people</a> traditionally live on boats throughout the coasts and rivers of Guangdong and much of Southern China. <a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a> in southern Guangdong is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Min" title="Leizhou Min">Leizhou dialect</a>, a variety of <a href="/wiki/Min_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Min language">Minnan</a>; Cantonese and Hakka are also spoken there. Mandarin is the language used in education and government and in areas where there are migrants from other provinces, above all in Shenzhen. Cantonese maintains a strong and dominant position in common usage and media, even in eastern areas of the province where the local languages and dialects are non-Yue ones. Guangdong Province is notable for being the birthplace of many famous <a href="/wiki/Xiangqi" title="Xiangqi">Xiangqi</a> (Chinese chess) grandmasters such as <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Qin" title="Lü Qin">Lü Qin</a>, Yang Guanli, Cai Furu and <a href="/wiki/Xu_Yinchuan" title="Xu Yinchuan">Xu Yinchuan</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Education and research" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> As of 2022, Guangdong hosts 160 institutions of higher education, ranking first in <a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central China</a> region and 2nd among all Chinese provinces/municipalities after <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> (168).<a href="#cite_note-:02-17">[16]</a> Guangdong is also the seat of 14 adult higher education institutions.<a href="#cite_note-:02-17">[16]</a> Many universities and colleges are located in major cities like Shenzhen and Guangzhou. Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong, hosts 83 institutions of higher education (excluding adult colleges), ranking 1st in <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South China</a> region and 2nd (tie) nationwide after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Province_Department_of_Education" title="Guangdong Province Department of Education">Guangdong Province Department of Education</a> is the department of the provincial government that oversees education. As of 2023, two major cities in the province ranked in the top <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">20 cities</a> in the world (Guangzhou 8th and Shenzhen 19th) by scientific research output, as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nature.com-18">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Guangdong" title="List of universities and colleges in Guangdong">List of universities and colleges in Guangdong</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_/_Double_First-Class">National / Double First-Class</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: National / Double First-Class" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> (7) </th> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Medical_University" title="Guangzhou Medical University">Guangzhou Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_University_of_Chinese_Medicine" title="Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine">Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_University" title="Jinan University">Jinan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Agricultural_University" title="South China Agricultural University">South China Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Normal_University" title="South China Normal University">South China Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_University_of_Technology" title="South China University of Technology">South China University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen University</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </th> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Southern University of Science and Technology">Southern University of Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg/220px-SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="5464"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg/220px-SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg/330px-SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg/440px-SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Shenzhen University – medical building</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provincial">Provincial</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Provincial" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongguan_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongguan Institute of Technology (page does not exist)">Dongguan Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan_University_of_Technology" title="Dongguan University of Technology">Dongguan University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan_University" title="Foshan University">Foshan University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_Education_and_Research_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong Education and Research Network (page does not exist)">Guangdong Education and Research Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_General_Hospital" title="Guangdong General Hospital">Guangdong General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Institute_of_Education" title="Guangdong Institute of Education">Guangdong Institute of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology">Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Medical College">Guangdong Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Ocean_University" title="Guangdong Ocean University">Guangdong Ocean University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_Petrochemical_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong Petrochemical Academy (page does not exist)">Guangdong Petrochemical Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Pharmaceutical_University" title="Guangdong Pharmaceutical University">Guangdong Pharmaceutical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Polytechnic_Normal_University" title="Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University">Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_Radio_and_TV_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong Radio and TV University (page does not exist)">Guangdong Radio and TV University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_University_of_Finance_%26_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong University of Finance & Economics">Guangdong University of Finance & Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_University_of_Finance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong University of Finance (page does not exist)">Guangdong University of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_University_of_Technology" title="Guangdong University of Technology">Guangdong University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" title="Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts">Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou_Education_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangzhou Education College (page does not exist)">Guangzhou Education College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Normal_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Normal University">Guangzhou Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Sports_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Sports University">Guangzhou Sports University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_University" title="Guangzhou University">Guangzhou University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanshan_Teachers_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanshan Teachers College (page does not exist)">Hanshan Teachers College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou_University" title="Huizhou University">Huizhou University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panyu_Polytechnic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panyu Polytechnic (page does not exist)">Panyu Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan_University" title="Shaoguan University">Shaoguan University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Party_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Party School (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Party School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou_University" title="Shantou University">Shantou University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_University" title="Shenzhen University">Shenzhen University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Technology_University" title="Shenzhen Technology University">Shenzhen Technology University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Polytechnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenzhen Polytechnic">Shenzhen Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shunde_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shunde University (page does not exist)">Shunde University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Medical_University" title="Southern Medical University">Southern Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyi_University_(Guangdong)" title="Wuyi University (Guangdong)">Wuyi University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xijiang_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xijiang University (page does not exist)">Xijiang University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghai_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Xinghai Conservatory of Music">Xinghai Conservatory of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang_Normal_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanjiang Normal University">Zhanjiang Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongkai_University_of_Agriculture_and_Engineering" title="Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering">Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing_University" title="Zhaoqing University">Zhaoqing University</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tianhe_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tianhe_Stadium.jpg/220px-Tianhe_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tianhe_Stadium.jpg/220px-Tianhe_Stadium.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tianhe_Stadium.jpg/330px-Tianhe_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tianhe_Stadium.jpg/440px-Tianhe_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Stadium" title="Tianhe Stadium">Tianhe Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></figcaption></figure> List of current professional <a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">sports</a> based in Guangdong: <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:70%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sport </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sports_league" title="Sports league">League</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/League_system" title="League system">Tier</a> </th> <th>Club </th> <th>City </th> <th>Stadium </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Super_League" title="Chinese Super League">Chinese Super League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Peng_City_F.C." title="Shenzhen Peng City F.C.">Shenzhen Peng City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_Stadium" title="Bao'an Stadium">Bao'an Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Super_League" title="Chinese Super League">Chinese Super League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meizhou_Hakka_F.C." title="Meizhou Hakka F.C.">Meizhou Hakka</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wuhua_County" title="Wuhua County">Wuhua</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wuhua_County_Stadium" title="Wuhua County Stadium">Wuhua County Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_League_One" title="China League One">China League One</a> </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_F.C." title="Guangzhou F.C.">Guangzhou F.C.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huadu_Stadium" title="Huadu Stadium">Huadu Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_League_One" title="China League One">China League One</a> </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foshan_Nanshi_F.C." title="Foshan Nanshi F.C.">Foshan Nanshi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanhai_Sports_Center" title="Nanhai Sports Center">Nanhai Sports Center</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">Futsal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Futsal_League" title="Chinese Futsal League">China Futsal League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhuhai_Mingshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhuhai Mingshi (page does not exist)">Zhuhai Mingshi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhuhai_Sports_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhuhai Sports Centre (page does not exist)">Zhuhai Sports Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Southern_Tigers" title="Guangdong Southern Tigers">Guangdong Southern Tigers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Sports_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nissan Sports Centre">Nissan Sports Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Leopards" title="Shenzhen Leopards">Shenzhen Leopards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Universiade_Sports_Centre" title="Shenzhen Universiade Sports Centre">Shenzhen Universiade Sports Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Long-Lions" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Long-Lions">Guangzhou Long-Lions</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Gymnasium" title="Tianhe Gymnasium">Tianhe Gymnasium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(China)" title="National Basketball League (China)">National Basketball League</a> </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hefei_Yuanchuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Hefei Yuanchuang">Hefei Yuanchuang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Women's Chinese Basketball Association">Women's Basketball Association</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Asia_Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Asia Aluminum">Guangdong Asia Aluminum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhaoqing_Stadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhaoqing Stadium (page does not exist)">Zhaoqing Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Volleyball_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Volleyball League">Men's Volleyball League Div A</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_GSports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong GSports (page does not exist)">Guangdong GSports</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Gymnasium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Gymnasium (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Gymnasium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Volleyball_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Volleyball League">Women's Volleyball League Div A</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Evergrande_Women%27s_Volleyball_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Evergrande Women's Volleyball Club">Guangdong Evergrande</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Gymnasium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Gymnasium (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Gymnasium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Volleyball_Super_League" title="Chinese Volleyball Super League">Women's Volleyball League Div A</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Phoenix_(Women%27s_Volleyball)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Phoenix (Women's Volleyball) (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Phoenix</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_National_Baseball_League" title="China National Baseball League">China National Baseball League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Leopards" title="Guangdong Leopards">Guangdong Leopards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huangcun_Stadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huangcun Stadium (page does not exist)">Huangcun Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">Table Tennis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Table_Tennis_Super_League" title="China Table Tennis Super League">China Table Tennis Super League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Bao%27an_Mingjinhai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Bao'an Mingjinhai (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Bao'an Mingjinhai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_Stadium" title="Bao'an Stadium">Bao'an Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Esports</a>(<a href="/wiki/Overwatch_(video_game)" title="Overwatch (video game)">Overwatch</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overwatch_League" title="Overwatch League">Overwatch League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Charge" title="Guangzhou Charge">Guangzhou Charge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Gymnasium" title="Tianhe Gymnasium">Tianhe Gymnasium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Esports</a> (<a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends" title="League of Legends">League of Legends</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends_Pro_League" title="League of Legends Pro League">League of Legends Pro League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Victory_Five" title="Victory Five">Victory Five</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Media_Group_Longgang_Production_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Media Group Longgang Production Center (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Media Group Longgang Production Center</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huangmanzhai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/220px-Huangmanzhai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/220px-Huangmanzhai.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/330px-Huangmanzhai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/440px-Huangmanzhai.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Huangmanzhai Waterfall</figcaption></figure> Notable attractions include <a href="/wiki/Danxia_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Danxia Mountain">Danxia Mountain</a> in Shaoguan, <a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_Hill" title="Yuexiu Hill">Yuexiu Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baiyun_Mountain_(Guangdong)" title="Baiyun Mountain (Guangdong)">Baiyun Mountain</a> in Guangzhou, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Lake_(Zhaoqing)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Lake (Zhaoqing) (page does not exist)">Star Lake</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Star_Crags" title="Seven Star Crags">Seven Star Crags</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinghu_Mountain" title="Dinghu Mountain">Dinghu Mountain</a> in Zhaoqing, the <a href="/wiki/Huangmanzhai_waterfalls" title="Huangmanzhai waterfalls">Huangmanzhai waterfalls</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Park" title="Zhongshan Park">Zhongshan Sun Wen Memorial Park</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a>. In Shenzhen, there are <a href="/wiki/Window_of_the_World" title="Window of the World">Window of the World</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent Building</a>, Happy Valley theme park, Rose Beach, Xiaomeisha Beach, etc. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of administrative divisions of Guangdong">List of administrative divisions of Guangdong</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of township-level divisions of Guangdong">List of township-level divisions of Guangdong</a>.</div> Guangdong is divided into twenty-one <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture-level division">prefecture-level divisions</a>: all <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level cities</a> (including two <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_divisions_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial divisions in the People's Republic of China">sub-provincial cities</a>): <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9">Administrative divisions of Guangdong </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="9"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 798px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg/798px-Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="798" height="600" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 798px;height: 600px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg/798px-Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="798" data-height="600" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg/1197px-Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg/1596px-Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <div style="position:absolute; left:372px; top:244px"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:393px; top:82px"><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:438px; top:322px"><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:360px; top:382px"><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:699px; top:250px"><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:318px; top:277px"><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:288px; top:361px"><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:30px; top:493px"><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:105px; top:388px"><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:234px; top:223px"><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:465px; top:259px"><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:651px; top:148px"><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:588px; top:280px"><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:528px; top:172px"><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:192px; top:385px"><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:312px; top:142px"><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:408px; top:289px"><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:360px; top:337px"><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:714px; top:193px"><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:642px; top:247px"><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:195px; top:298px"><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:405px; top:388px">↑</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:390px; top:409px"><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau"><noscript><img alt="Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" data-alt="Macau" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:438px; top:349px"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><noscript><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" data-alt="Hong Kong" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:520px">☐ Jieshi Town, Lufeng, Shanwei (<a href="/wiki/Pratas_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratas Islands">Pratas Iss.</a>). Claimed by <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  PRC & controlled by <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  ROC, see <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a>.</div> </div> </div> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division code</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Division</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">Area in km2<a href="#cite_note-nj2013-65">[64]</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">Population 2020<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">Seat </th> <th colspan="4">Divisions<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> </th></tr> <tr style="width:45px;"> <th><a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">Districts</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of the People's Republic of China">Counties</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China">Aut. counties</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">CL cities</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold"> <th>440000</th> <th>Guangdong Province </th> <td>179,800.00</td> <td>126,012,510</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> city</td> <td>65</td> <td>34</td> <td>3</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <th>440100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> city </th> <td>7,434.40</td> <td>18,676,605</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu District</a></td> <td>11</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>440200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a> city </th> <td>18,412.53</td> <td>2,855,131</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhenjiang District">Zhenjiang District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <th>440300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> city </th> <td>1,996.78</td> <td>17,560,061</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Futian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Futian District">Futian District</a></td> <td>9*</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>440400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> city </th> <td>1,724.32</td> <td>2,439,585</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiangzhou_District,_Zhuhai" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai">Xiangzhou District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>440500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a> city </th> <td>2,248.39</td> <td>5,502,031</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jinping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinping District">Jinping District</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>440600</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> city </th> <td>3,848.49</td> <td>9,498,863</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancheng District">Chancheng District</a></td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>440700</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a> city </th> <td>9,505.42</td> <td>4,798,090</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pengjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengjiang District">Pengjiang District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>440800</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a> city </th> <td>13,225.44</td> <td>6,981,236</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chikan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chikan District">Chikan District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>440900</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a> city </th> <td>11,424.8</td> <td>6,174,050</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maonan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Maonan District">Maonan District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a> city </th> <td>14,891.23</td> <td>4,113,594</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Duanzhou District">Duanzhou District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a> city </th> <td>11,342.98</td> <td>6,042,852</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huicheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huicheng District">Huicheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>441400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a> city </th> <td>15,864.51</td> <td>3,873,239</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meijiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Meijiang District">Meijiang District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a> city </th> <td>4,861.79</td> <td>2,672,819</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengqu,_Shanwei" title="Chengqu, Shanwei">Cheng District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441600</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a> city </th> <td>15,653.63</td> <td>2,837,686</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuancheng District">Yuancheng District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>441700</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a> city </th> <td>7,955.27</td> <td>2,602,959</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangcheng District">Jiangcheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441800</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a> city </th> <td>19,152.90</td> <td>3,969,473</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingcheng District">Qingcheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441900</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a> city** </th> <td>2,465.00</td> <td>10,466,625</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nancheng_Subdistrict,_Dongguan" title="Nancheng Subdistrict, Dongguan">Nancheng Subdistrict</a></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>442000</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a> city** </th> <td>1,783.67</td> <td>4,418,060</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongqu_Subdistrict" title="Dongqu Subdistrict">Dongqu Subdistrict</a></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>445100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a> city </th> <td>3,145.89</td> <td>2,568,387</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiangqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangqiao District">Xiangqiao District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>445200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a> city </th> <td>5,265.38</td> <td>5,577,814</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rongcheng District">Rongcheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>445300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a> city </th> <td>7,779.12</td> <td>2,383,350</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuncheng District">Yuncheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="12"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_divisions_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial divisions in the People's Republic of China">Sub-provincial cities</a></div> * – not including the new districts which are not registered under the Ministry of Civil Affairs (not included in the total Districts' count) ** – direct-piped cities – does not contain any county-level divisions </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations </th></tr> <tr> <th>English</th> <th>Chinese</th> <th>Pinyin</th> <th>Guangdong Romanization </th></tr> <tr> <td>Guangdong Province</td> <td>广东省</td> <td>Guǎngdōng Shěng</td> <td>guong2 dung1 sang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou City</a></td> <td>广州市</td> <td>Guǎngzhōu Shì</td> <td>guong2 zeo1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan City</a></td> <td>韶关市</td> <td>Sháoguān Shì</td> <td>xiu4 guan1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen City</a></td> <td>深圳市</td> <td>Shēnzhèn Shì</td> <td>sem1 zen3 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai City</a></td> <td>珠海市</td> <td>Zhūhǎi Shì</td> <td>ju1 hoi2 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou City</a></td> <td>汕头市</td> <td>Shàntóu Shì</td> <td>san3 teo4 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan City</a></td> <td>佛山市</td> <td>Fóshān Shì</td> <td>fed6 san1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen City</a></td> <td>江门市</td> <td>Jiāngmén Shì</td> <td>gong1 mun4 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang City</a></td> <td>湛江市</td> <td>Zhànjiāng Shì</td> <td>zam3 gong1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming City</a></td> <td>茂名市</td> <td>Màomíng Shì</td> <td>meo6 ming4 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing City</a></td> <td>肇庆市</td> <td>Zhàoqìng Shì</td> <td>xiu6 hing3 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou City</a></td> <td>惠州市</td> <td>Huìzhōu Shì</td> <td>wei6 zeo1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou City</a></td> <td>梅州市</td> <td>Méizhōu Shì</td> <td>mui4 zeo1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei City</a></td> <td>汕尾市</td> <td>Shànwěi Shì</td> <td>san3 méi5 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan City</a></td> <td>河源市</td> <td>Héyuán Shì</td> <td>ho4 yun4 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang City</a></td> <td>阳江市</td> <td>Yángjiāng Shì</td> <td>yêng4 gong1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan City</a></td> <td>清远市</td> <td>Qīngyuǎn Shì</td> <td>qing1 yun5 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan City</a></td> <td>东莞市</td> <td>Dōngguǎn Shì</td> <td>dung1 gun2 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan City</a></td> <td>中山市</td> <td>Zhōngshān Shì</td> <td>zung1 san1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou City</a></td> <td>潮州市</td> <td>Cháozhōu Shì</td> <td>qiu4 zeo1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang City</a></td> <td>揭阳市</td> <td>Jiēyáng Shì</td> <td>kid3 yêng4 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu City</a></td> <td>云浮市</td> <td>Yúnfú Shì</td> <td>wen4 feo4 xi5 </td></tr></tbody></table> The twenty-one <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of the People's Republic of China">Prefecture</a> of Guangdong are subdivided into 122 <a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">county-level divisions</a> (65 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a>, 20 <a href="/wiki/County-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level cities">county-level cities</a>, 34 <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a>, and 3 <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China">autonomous counties</a>). For county-level divisions, see the <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of administrative divisions of Guangdong">list of administrative divisions of Guangdong</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_areas">Urban areas</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Urban areas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities </th></tr> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>Cities</th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2020 Urban area<a href="#cite_note-2020PRCcensus-68">[67]</a></th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2010 Urban area<a href="#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-69">[68]</a></th> <th style="background-color: #ffaaaa;">2020 City proper </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></td> <td>17,444,609</td> <td>10,358,381</td> <td>17,494,398 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></td> <td>16,096,724</td> <td>9,702,144<a href="#cite_note-Guangzhou-70">[b]</a></td> <td>18,676,605 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></td> <td>9,644,871</td> <td>7,271,322</td> <td>10,466,625 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></td> <td>9,042,509</td> <td>6,771,895</td> <td>9,498,863 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></td> <td>3,841,873</td> <td>2,740,994</td> <td>4,418,060 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></td> <td>3,838,900</td> <td>3,644,017</td> <td>5,502,031 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></td> <td>2,900,113</td> <td>1,807,858</td> <td>6,042,852 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></td> <td>2,207,090</td> <td>1,369,538</td> <td>2,439,585 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></td> <td>1,795,459</td> <td>1,480,023</td> <td>4,798,090 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></td> <td>1,400,709</td> <td>1,038,762</td> <td>6,981,236 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></td> <td>1,307,802</td> <td>637,879<a href="#cite_note-Maoming-71">[c]</a></td> <td>6,174,050 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></td> <td>1,254,007</td> <td>448,226<a href="#cite_note-Chaozhou-72">[d]</a></td> <td>2,568,387 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></td> <td>1,242,906</td> <td>734,670<a href="#cite_note-Jieyang-73">[e]</a></td> <td>5,577,814 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></td> <td>1,197,581</td> <td>639,659<a href="#cite_note-Qingyuan-74">[f]</a></td> <td>3,969,473 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></td> <td>1,035,810</td> <td>559,887<a href="#cite_note-Zhaoqing-75">[g]</a></td> <td>4,113,594 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></td> <td>1,028,460</td> <td>726,267</td> <td>2,855,131 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></td> <td>935,668</td> <td>874,954</td> <td>see Jieyang </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></td> <td>859,595</td> <td>499,053<a href="#cite_note-Yangjiang-76">[h]</a></td> <td>2,602,959 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></td> <td>694,495</td> <td>353,769<a href="#cite_note-Meizhou-77">[i]</a></td> <td>3,873,239 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></td> <td>662,950</td> <td>450,953</td> <td>2,837,686 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></td> <td>545,474</td> <td>579,527</td> <td>see Shanwei </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></td> <td>490,301</td> <td>352,006</td> <td>see Maoming </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></td> <td>472,746</td> <td>320,418</td> <td>see Maoming </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></td> <td>452,536</td> <td>355,709</td> <td>see Zhaoqing </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></td> <td>443,812</td> <td>359,225</td> <td>see Zhanjiang </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></td> <td>433,266</td> <td>394,855</td> <td>see Jiangmen </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></td> <td>430,035</td> <td>371,019</td> <td>see Jiangmen </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></td> <td>418,731</td> <td>333,965</td> <td>see Maoming </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></td> <td>412,291</td> <td>344,043</td> <td>see Zhanjiang </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></td> <td>398,066</td> <td>346,927</td> <td>see Qingyuan </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></td> <td>388,714</td> <td>332,672</td> <td>see Zhanjiang </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></td> <td>380,044</td> <td>242,040<a href="#cite_note-Yunfu-78">[j]</a></td> <td>2,383,350 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></td> <td>365,661</td> <td>392,000</td> <td>see Meizhou </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></td> <td>360,359</td> <td>287,391</td> <td>see Yangjiang </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></td> <td>345,373</td> <td>370,608</td> <td>2,738,482 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></td> <td>334,432</td> <td>282,580</td> <td>see Jiangmen </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></td> <td>317,060</td> <td>263,338</td> <td>see Yunfu </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></td> <td>251,742</td> <td>244,257</td> <td>see Jiangmen </td></tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></td> <td>199,438</td> <td>191,457</td> <td>see Shaoguan </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></td> <td>176,572</td> <td>161,667</td> <td>see Qingyuan </td></tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></td> <td>171,215</td> <td>140,017</td> <td>see Shaoguan </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:lightgrey;"> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zengcheng,_Guangzhou" title="Zengcheng, Guangzhou">Zengcheng</a></td> <td>see Guangzhou</td> <td>710,146<a href="#cite_note-Guangzhou-70">[b]</a></td> <td>see Guangzhou </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:lightgrey;"> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conghua,_Guangzhou" title="Conghua, Guangzhou">Conghua</a></td> <td>see Guangzhou</td> <td>229,118<a href="#cite_note-Guangzhou-70">[b]</a></td> <td>see Guangzhou </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:lightgrey;"> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaoyao,_Zhaoqing" title="Gaoyao, Zhaoqing">Gaoyao</a></td> <td>see Zhaoqing</td> <td>224,755<a href="#cite_note-Zhaoqing-75">[g]</a></td> <td>see Zhaoqing </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɡwæŋˈdʊŋ/</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɡwɑːŋ-/</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guangzhou-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guangzhou_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guangzhou_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guangzhou_70-2">c</a> New districts established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Conghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua District">Conghua (Conghua CLC)</a> & <a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District">Zengcheng (Zengcheng CLC)</a>. These new districts not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city. </li> <li id="cite_note-Maoming-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Maoming_71-0">^</a> New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Dianbai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dianbai District">Dianbai (Dianbai County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city. </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaozhou-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Chaozhou_72-0">^</a> New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Chao%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chao'an District">Chao'an (Chao'an County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city. </li> <li id="cite_note-Jieyang-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Jieyang_73-0">^</a> New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Jiedong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiedong District">Jiedong (Jiedong County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city. </li> <li id="cite_note-Qingyuan-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Qingyuan_74-0">^</a> New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Qingxin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingxin District">Qingxin (Qingxin County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city. </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhaoqing-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhaoqing_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhaoqing_75-1">b</a> New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Gaoyao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoyao District">Gaoyao (Gaoyao CLC)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city. </li> <li id="cite_note-Yangjiang-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Yangjiang_76-0">^</a> New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Yangdong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangdong District">Yangdong (Yangdong County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city. </li> <li id="cite_note-Meizhou-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Meizhou_77-0">^</a> New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Meixian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Meixian District">Meixian (Meixian County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city. </li> <li id="cite_note-Yunfu-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Yunfu_78-0">^</a> New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Yun%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yun'an District">Yun'an (Yun'an County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: International relations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> Guangdong is twinned with: <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg/43px-Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture" title="Aichi Prefecture">Aichi Prefecture</a>, Japan<a href="#cite_note-79">[69]</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><noscript><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" data-alt="Hawaii" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaiʻi</a>, United States of America<a href="#cite_note-80">[70]</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales"><noscript><img alt="New South Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png" data-alt="New South Wales" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia<a href="#cite_note-81">[71]</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Gujarat,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarat, India">Gujarat, India</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/California" title="California"><noscript><img alt="California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" data-alt="California" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States of America<a href="#cite_note-82">[72]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_national_historical_and_cultural_sites_(Guangdong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major national historical and cultural sites (Guangdong)">Major national historical and cultural sites in Guangdong</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mofcom-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mofcom_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mofcom_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130805091244/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">"Doing Business in China – Survey"</a>. Ministry Of Commerce – People's Republic Of China. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">the original</a> on 5 August 2013. 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Seattle: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-74738-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-74738-5"><bdi>978-0-295-74738-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Village+Life+Today%3A+Building+Families+in+an+Age+of+Transition&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-295-74738-5&rft.aulast=Santos&rft.aufirst=Gon%C3%A7alo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinapost.com.tw/commentary/the-china-post/joe-hung/2009/06/22/213223/Sovereignty-over.htm">"Sovereignty over the Spratly Islands – The China Post 22 June 2009"</a>. Chinapost.com.tw. 22 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120924083855/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/commentary/the-china-post/joe-hung/2009/06/22/213223/Sovereignty-over.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sovereignty+over+the+Spratly+Islands+%E2%80%93+The+China+Post+22+June+2009&rft.pub=Chinapost.com.tw&rft.date=2009-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinapost.com.tw%2Fcommentary%2Fthe-china-post%2Fjoe-hung%2F2009%2F06%2F22%2F213223%2FSovereignty-over.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sws-37"><a href="#cite_ref-sws_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smzt.gd.gov.cn/qhgk/gsqh/200505/sws/"><bdi lang="zh">汕尾市</bdi></a>. 广东省民政厅网站 (in Simplified Chinese). May 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103005408/http://smzt.gd.gov.cn/qhgk/gsqh/200505/sws/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2020. <q>城区{...}（东沙群岛不是镇建制）</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%8E%85%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft.atitle=%E6%B1%95%E5%B0%BE%E5%B8%82&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmzt.gd.gov.cn%2Fqhgk%2Fgsqh%2F200505%2Fsws%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chengqu-38"><a href="#cite_ref-chengqu_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF广东省国土资源厅Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text2018" class="citation map cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">广东省国土资源厅 (30 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200707201843/http://nr.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/328/328278/2265301.jpg"><bdi lang="zh">城区地图</bdi></a> (Map). Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province 广东省自然资源厅 (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nr.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/328/328278/2265301.jpg">the original</a> on 7 July 2020 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. <q>东沙群岛{...}北卫滩{...}南卫滩{...}东沙岛{...}东沙礁</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Natural+Resources+of+Guangdong+Province+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%8E%85%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft.atitle=%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%BA%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE&rft.date=2018-06-30&rft.au=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%8E%85%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnr.gd.gov.cn%2Fattachment%2F0%2F328%2F328278%2F2265301.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127080537/http://www.gd.gov.cn/gdywdt/gdyw/content/mpost_3768737.html">"省十三届人大五次会议开幕李玉妹主持王伟中作政府工作报告李希黄楚平王荣等出席广东省人民政府门户网站"</a>. www.Guangdong Provincial People's Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gd.gov.cn/gdywdt/gdyw/content/mpost_3768737.html">the original</a> on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.Guangdong+Provincial+People%27s+Government&rft.atitle=%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E5%B1%8A%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%B9%95+%E6%9D%8E%E7%8E%89%E5%A6%B9%E4%B8%BB%E6%8C%81+%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%9F%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%9C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A+%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C%E9%BB%84%E6%A5%9A%E5%B9%B3%E7%8E%8B%E8%8D%A3%E7%AD%89%E5%87%BA%E5%B8%AD+%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%97%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gd.gov.cn%2Fgdywdt%2Fgdyw%2Fcontent%2Fmpost_3768737.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_40-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Monetary_Fund" class="citation web cs1">International Monetary Fund. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April">"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+April+2023&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.au=International+Monetary+Fund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FApril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Purchasing power parity (PPP) for Chinese yuan is estimate according to <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Outlook" class="mw-redirect" title="World Economic Outlook">WEO</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28">October 2017</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110717100927/http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28">Archived</a> 17 July 2011 at Wikiwix) data; Exchange rate of CN¥ to US$ is according to State Administration of Foreign Exchange, published on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/">China Statistical Yearbook</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151020062416/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/">Archived</a> 20 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-:26-42"><a href="#cite_ref-:26_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAng2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Yuen_Ang" title="Yuen Yuen Ang">Ang, Yuen Yuen</a> (2016). How China Escaped the Poverty Trap. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-0020-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-0020-0"><bdi>978-1-5017-0020-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1zgwm1j">10.7591/j.ctt1zgwm1j</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+China+Escaped+the+Poverty+Trap&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7591%2Fj.ctt1zgwm1j%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-5017-0020-0&rft.aulast=Ang&rft.aufirst=Yuen+Yuen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thechinaperspective1-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thechinaperspective1_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thechinaperspective1_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120502105943/http://thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/guangdong-province/">"Guangdong Province: Economic News and Statistics for Guangdong's Economy"</a>. The China Perspective. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/guangdong-province/">the original</a> on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guangdong+Province%3A+Economic+News+and+Statistics+for+Guangdong%27s+Economy&rft.pub=The+China+Perspective&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechinaperspective.com%2Ftopics%2Fprovince%2Fguangdong-province%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZheng_Huiyuan2010" class="citation web cs1">Zheng Huiyuan (10 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314232138/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?cid=1302&MainCatID=13&id=20101110000174">"Guangdong Has Most Billionaires in China"</a>. WantChinaTimes.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?cid=1302&MainCatID=13&id=20101110000174">the original</a> on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guangdong+Has+Most+Billionaires+in+China&rft.pub=WantChinaTimes.com&rft.date=2010-11-10&rft.au=Zheng+Huiyuan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wantchinatimes.com%2Fnews-subclass-cnt.aspx%3Fcid%3D1302%26MainCatID%3D13%26id%3D20101110000174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426182059/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/shenzhen-futian-free-trade-zone">"Shenzhen Futian Free Trade Zone"</a>. RightSite.asia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/shenzhen-futian-free-trade-zone/">the original</a> on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shenzhen+Futian+Free+Trade+Zone&rft.pub=RightSite.asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Fshenzhen-futian-free-trade-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426182040/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/foshan-hi-tech-development-zone">"Foshan Hi-Tech Development Zone"</a>. RightSite.asia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/foshan-hi-tech-development-zone/">the original</a> on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foshan+Hi-Tech+Development+Zone&rft.pub=RightSite.asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Ffoshan-hi-tech-development-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html"><bdi lang="ja">1912年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032922/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1912%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1928年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032924/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1928%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1936–37年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032925/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1936%E2%80%9337%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1947年全国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130913053600/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1947%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1954-51"><a href="#cite_ref-census1954_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm">the original</a> on 5 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16767.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1964-52"><a href="#cite_ref-census1964_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm"><bdi lang="zh">第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm">the original</a> on 14 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E9%A1%B9%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16768.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1982-53"><a href="#cite_ref-census1982_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm">the original</a> on 10 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16769.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1990-54"><a href="#cite_ref-census1990_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm">the original</a> on 19 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%87%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16772.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2000-55"><a href="#cite_ref-census2000_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm"><bdi lang="zh">现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm">the original</a> on 29 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E5%B0%862000%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%B1%87%E6%80%BB%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020331_15435.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2010-56"><a href="#cite_ref-census2010_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm">"Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. 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Retrieved 25 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=China%27s+excess+males%2C+sex+selective+abortion%2C+and+one+child+policy%3A+analysis+of+data+from+2005+national+intercensus+survey+%E2%80%93+Zhu+et+al.+338&rft.volume=338&rft.pages=b1211&rft.date=2009-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2667570%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19359290&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.b1211&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Wei+Xing&rft.au=Lu%2C+Li&rft.au=Hesketh%2C+Therese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F338%2Fbmj.b1211.full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFPS2012-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CFPS2012_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CFPS2012_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809051625/http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS（2012）调查数据</bdi></a> [China Family Panel Studies 2012] (PDF) (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</a>. 3 March 2014. p. 13. 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Retrieved 28 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freedomhouse.org&rft.atitle=Freedom+in+the+World+2024%3A+China%7C+Freedom+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Fcountry%2Fchina%2Ffreedom-world%2F2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202208/04/WS62eaf941a310fd2b29e7022c.html">"Top 10 Chinese cities with most higher education institutions"</a>. www.chinadaily.com.cn. 4 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chinadaily.com.cn&rft.atitle=Top+10+Chinese+cities+with+most+higher+education+institutions&rft.date=2022-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fa%2F202208%2F04%2FWS62eaf941a310fd2b29e7022c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Civil Affairs</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113603/http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%BF%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles2.mca.gov.cn%2Fcws%2F201502%2F20150225163817214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nj2013-65"><a href="#cite_ref-nj2013_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShenzhen_Bureau_of_Statistics" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512184740/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm"><bdi lang="zh">《深圳统计年鉴2014》</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm">the original</a> on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42014%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.au=Shenzhen+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sztj.gov.cn%2Fnj2014%2Findexce.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/421/421309/3283428.pdf">"广东省第七次全国人口普查公报"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 7 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.gd.gov.cn%2Fattachment%2F0%2F421%2F421309%2F3283428.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Civil_Affairs2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Civil Affairs</a> (August 2014). <bdi lang="zh">《中国民政统计年鉴2014》</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-7130-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42014%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2014-08&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-7130-9&rft.au=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020PRCcensus-68"><a href="#cite_ref-2020PRCcensus_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2022). <bdi lang="zh">中国2020年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-9772-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2020%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-9772-9&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010PRCcensus-69"><a href="#cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2012). <bdi lang="zh">中国2010年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6"><bdi>978-7-5037-6659-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.aichi.jp/soshiki/kokusai/belgiummou.html"><bdi lang="ja">ベルギー3地域と「友好交流及び相互協力に関する覚書」を締結</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828190416/http://www.pref.aichi.jp/soshiki/kokusai/belgiummou.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC3%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E3%81%A8%E3%80%8C%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E8%A6%9A%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E7%B7%A0%E7%B5%90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.aichi.jp%2Fsoshiki%2Fkokusai%2Fbelgiummou.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invest.hawaii.gov/international/sister-states/">"Hawaii's Sister-States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Hawai%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Hawai'i">State of Hawai'i</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016200107/https://invest.hawaii.gov/international/sister-states/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hawaii%27s+Sister-States&rft.pub=State+of+Hawai%27i&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvest.hawaii.gov%2Finternational%2Fsister-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114203952/https://www.industry.nsw.gov.au/export-from-nsw/export-opportunities/international-engagement/building-international-relationships">"Building international relationships"</a>. NSW Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.industry.nsw.gov.au/export-from-nsw/export-opportunities/international-engagement/building-international-relationships">the original</a> on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Building+international+relationships&rft.pub=NSW+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.industry.nsw.gov.au%2Fexport-from-nsw%2Fexport-opportunities%2Finternational-engagement%2Fbuilding-international-relationships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soir.senate.ca.gov/content/state-california-and-guangdong-province-sister-state-agreement">"State of California and Guangdong Province Sister State Agreement"</a>. Senate Office of International Relations. Retrieved 27 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senate+Office+of+International+Relations&rft.atitle=State+of+California+and+Guangdong+Province+Sister+State+Agreement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoir.senate.ca.gov%2Fcontent%2Fstate-california-and-guangdong-province-sister-state-agreement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/mpgud.htm">Economic profile for Guangdong</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">Hong Kong Trade Development Council</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Guangdong" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Canton" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Canton">Canton</a>, or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kwangtung" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Kwangtung">Kwangtung</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" class="extiw" title="commons:Guangdong">Guangdong</a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Guangdong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Guangdong">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Guangdong#Q15175" class="extiw" title="voy:Guangdong">Guangdong</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gd.gov.cn/">Guangdong provincial government official website</a> (in Chinese)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4448">Complete Map of the Seven Coastal Provinces</a> from 1821 to 1850 (in English and Chinese)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417002716/http://guangdong-in-pictures.blogspot.tw/">Pictures and comments about life in Guangdong</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&oldid=1258700298">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&oldid=1258700298</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 21 November 2024, at 03:09 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA" title="غوانغدونغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوانغدونغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%82" title="কুয়াংতুং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুয়াংতুং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%84g-tang-s%C3%A9ng" title="Kńg-tang-séng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kńg-tang-séng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="गुआंग्डोंग – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गुआंग्डोंग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀོང་ཏུང་ཞིང་ཆེན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀོང་ཏུང་ཞིང་ཆེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong_Sheng" title="Guangdong Sheng – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Guangdong Sheng" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuang-tung" title="Kuang-tung – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kuang-tung" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Γκουανγκντόνγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκουανγκντόνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_de_Cant%C3%B3n" title="Provincia de Cantón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincia de Cantón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%ADangdongo" title="Gŭangdongo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gŭangdongo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گوانگ‌دونگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوانگ‌دونگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_de_Cant%C3%B3n" title="Provincia de Cantón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Provincia de Cantón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1" title="廣東 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="廣東" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng" title="Kóng-tûng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kóng-tûng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%84%B1" title="광둥성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광둥성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գուանդուն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գուանդուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="गुआंगदोंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुआंगदोंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinco_Guangdong" title="Provinco Guangdong – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Provinco Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="גואנגדונג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גואנגדונג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გუანდუნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გუანდუნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantunia" title="Quantunia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quantunia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanduna" title="Guanduna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Guanduna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdongas" title="Guangdongas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Guangdongas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuangtung" title="Kuangtung – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kuangtung" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Гуангдонг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гуангдонг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗ്വാങ്‌ഡോങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്വാങ്‌ഡോങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="क्वांगतोंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्वांगतोंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გუანდუნი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გუანდუნი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC" title="جوانجدونج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوانجدونج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گوانگ‌دونگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گوانگ‌دونگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯒ꯭ꯋꯥꯡꯗꯣꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒ꯭ꯋꯥꯡꯗꯣꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C5%8Dng-d%C4%95%CC%A4ng" title="Guōng-dĕ̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guōng-dĕ̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6" title="Гуандун муж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гуандун муж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ကွမ်တုန်းပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွမ်တုန်းပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%99" title="ग्वाङदोङ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्वाङदोङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%83%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" title="広東省 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="広東省" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guandun" title="Guandun – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Guandun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97" title="ਗੁਆਂਗਦੋਂਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਆਂਗਦੋਂਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گوانگڈونگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گوانگڈونگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84" title="ក្វាងតុង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្វាងតុង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%A3o_(prov%C3%ADncia)" title="Cantão (província) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cantão (província)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gua%C3%B1du%C3%B1" title="Guañduñ – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Guañduñ" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong_puruwinsiya" title="Guangdong puruwinsiya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Guangdong puruwinsiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88" title="گوئينگڊانگ صوبو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گوئينگڊانگ صوبو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گوانگدۆنگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوانگدۆنگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdung" title="Guangdung – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Guangdung" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propinsi_Guangdong" title="Propinsi Guangdong – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Propinsi Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="குவாங்டொங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவாங்டொங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="มณฑลกวางตุ้ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มณฑลกวางตุ้ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گوانگڈونگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گوانگڈونگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%87%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AD_%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%84%D9%83%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="گۇئاڭدوڭ ئۆلكىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گۇئاڭدوڭ ئۆلكىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvangjdungh" title="Gvangjdungh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gvangjdungh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Quảng Đông – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quảng Đông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouangdong" title="Gouangdong – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gouangdong" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" title="廣東省 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="廣東省" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81" title="广东省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="广东省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1" title="廣東 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="廣東" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81" title="广东省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="广东省" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton" title="Canton – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Canton" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwitang_(Tiongkok)" title="Kwitang (Tiongkok) – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kwitang (Tiongkok)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-xl5gk","wgBackendResponseTime":242,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.930","walltime":"2.377","ppvisitednodes":{"value":22356,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":495398,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":35429,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":24,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":324176,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1945.565 1 -total"," 23.98% 466.506 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 21.82% 424.465 1 Template:Infobox"," 21.47% 417.757 3 Template:Reflist"," 11.37% 221.153 42 Template:Cite_web"," 8.64% 168.176 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese"," 6.55% 127.507 37 Template:Lang"," 4.85% 94.305 1 Template:Geographic_location"," 3.61% 70.217 6 Template:Navbox"," 3.43% 66.732 1 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