CINXE.COM
Neuroscience Pathways: R&D Systems
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:[]},session_replay:{sampling_rate:10.0,mask_text_selector:"",block_selector:"",mask_input_options:{date:true,text_area:true,week:true,select:true,color:true,range:true,textarea:true,url:true,number:true,search:true,month:true,datetime_local:true,tel:true,text:true,time:true,email:true},enabled:true,error_sampling_rate:100.0},session_trace:{sampling_rate:10.0,mode:"PROBABILISTIC",enabled:true,error_sampling_rate:100.0}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={xpid:"UA8FUVBADwsIV1VaAgIH",licenseKey:"76fb58fb05",applicationID:"788348530"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-full-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>d});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function d(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>p,xN:()=>g});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",u=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,u());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},d={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},u={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!u[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return u[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");u[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,d),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(u[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(u[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=u[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>f,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>l,m:()=>c,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,l=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),f=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>d});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function d(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function u(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)g(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function g(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>d});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),d=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},u={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:g,addEventListener:g,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(d.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=p(e),u=c.length,l=0;l<u;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var g=v()[s[e]];g&&g.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:p,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function g(e,t){n[e]=p(e).concat(t)}function p(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return u[t]=u[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),u=(0,n.Zm)();u.ee||(u.ee=d)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>d});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function d(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>d,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},d={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>u,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>d,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function d(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,d="addEventListener",u="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[d,u],"-",g)}function g(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,d);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],d=e[c];u(d)||(e[c]=r(d,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return u(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){d([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,u,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],u="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){d([t,"",[o,a,s],u],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],u,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],u,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],u,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){d([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function d(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function u(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>d});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function d(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>u,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>d,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},d={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},u=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>d,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function d(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>d,Rz:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,d="fn"+s,u="pushState",l=1e3},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),d=r(5289),u=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),g=r(6344);const p=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",g.G4.RECORD,g.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),R=r(3785),x=r(2646),w=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,w.YM)(i),a=new x.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();p.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const N=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function P(e,t={},p,x){let{init:w,info:P,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=p;const H=(0,h.pV)();P||(w=H.init,P=H.info,j=H.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,w||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),P.jsAttributes??={},u.bv&&(P.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,P);const D=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),L=[P.beacon,P.errorBeacon];I||(D.proxy.assets&&(N(D.proxy.assets),L.push(D.proxy.assets)),D.proxy.beacon&&L.push(D.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===D.soft_navigations.enabled&&D.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...D.ajax.deny_list||[],...D.ajax.block_internal?L:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const p={};var x=s.ee.get(e),w=x.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,x.on(g.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function _(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}p.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,R.R)(x,e,t,r)},p.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),T(x,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{p[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),p.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),p.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},p.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return _(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},p.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return _("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},p.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return _("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},p.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),x.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},p[g.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(g.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},p[g.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(g.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},p.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const N=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,x),function(){if(w.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw w.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{w.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,x),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(891).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),x.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{N[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),p.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),p.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,x)},u.RI?(0,d.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),p}(e.agentIdentifier,x,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({95:"nr-full-compressor",222:"nr-full-recorder",891:"nr-full"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var d=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),u=0;u<d.length;u++){var l=d[u];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={891:"sha512-Sx2xJQrHp2m/Ngn/ZcfBCUwNr2Xy/C5urYtWpfm3bWpil4spXOQGTtNwIfF5HvPGioGASn9QTyE4Z+zC7r7wcg==",222:"sha512-hMte3OWgwwYeisSiD7WCIx/6tT16zLaPjag9uF4tIZp7ybOvrJKbeyzhe4fz1tDbkdcdOMm8dvgPPLBatSAGeA==",95:"sha512-MPaT9dkHv16XzwEUVZPyqpN1do/Er1XFAZoIAPYWylmv+iGIThqN+GwQq27pUyAX7sNXVJQVZezH96p53Ks3Pg=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},g=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={959:0,85:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,d=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);d<a.length;d++)o=a[d],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function d(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var u=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),g=i(6154),p=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(891).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(891).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(891).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};g.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,p.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class R extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var x=i(384);var w=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class _ extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),g.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,w.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,w.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class N extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return D(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(D(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function H(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return D(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function D(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class L extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),g.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),g.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("err",[H(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var K=i(8990);let M=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===g.gm?0:(0,K.I)(e,U,(function(){return M++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=g.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=g.gm.MutationObserver,s=g.gm.Promise,c=g.gm.setInterval,d="readystatechange",u=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=g.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(d,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,u,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(p?p.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var p=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",Q=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],J=g.gm.Request,ee=g.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(J&&ee&&g.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,Q.forEach((e=>{r(J[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(g.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),d={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(d.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),d.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(d.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),d}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof g.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),de=["load","error","abort","timeout"],ue=de.length,le=(0,x.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,x.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,w.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};g.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};ge(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=x,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),g.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},ge(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<ue;s++)r.addEventListener(de[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function d(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function u(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function p(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&g.RI&&(t=""+g.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:g.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:g.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),ge(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function R(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function x(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<ue;t++)e.removeEventListener(de[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,w.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",d),t.on("xhr-load-added",u),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",p),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",R)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function ge(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const pe={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!g.RI||pe[t.debugId]++||(pe[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:Re,d3:xe,Kp:we,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class _e extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,w.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+we,(function(e){(0,w.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,w.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:Re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class Ne extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,p.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,w.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,p.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#d=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#d){this.#d=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(891),i.e(222)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3333);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ie.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];g.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(Ie.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,w.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),Ie.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,w.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var je=i(993),Ce=i(3785);class ke extends b{static featureName=je.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,je.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,Ce.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),g.gm?(this.features={},(0,x.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(R),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,u.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=d(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,x.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[R,_,_e,Ne,he,N,L,Pe,ke],loaderType:"pro"})})()})();</script> <link rel="profile" href="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="keywords" content="Neuroscience" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.rndsystems.com/pathways/neuroscience" /> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en-us" /> <link href="https://www.rndsystems.com/pathways/neuroscience" rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" /> <link href="https://www.rndsystems.com/pathways/neuroscience" rel="alternate" hreflang="en" /> <link href="https://www.rndsystems.com/cn/pathways/neuroscience" rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-cn" /> <meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="NoHNFT2tiZ" /> <title>Neuroscience Pathways: R&D Systems</title> <meta name="description" content="View our interactive pathway for Neuroscience Pathways." /> <script id="json-ld" type="application/ld+json">[{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"WebPage","breadcrumb":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Thing","@id":"https://www.rndsystems.com/","name":"Home"}},{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Thing","@id":"https://www.rndsystems.com/pathways","name":"Interactive Pathways & Processes"}},{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Thing","@id":"https://www.rndsystems.com/pathways/neuroscience","name":"Neuroscience Pathways"}}]},"potentialaction":{"query":""}}]</script> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.rndsystems.com/node/64491" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="www.rndsystems.com" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.rndsystems.com/pathways/neuroscience" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Neuroscience Pathways" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/Social/2019RnDSystemslogoV.png" /> <style> @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/minified/jquery.ui.core.min.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/minified/jquery.ui.theme.min.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/minified/jquery.ui.menu.min.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/minified/jquery.ui.autocomplete.min.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/modules/system/system.base.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/css/blueimp-gallery.min.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/css/datatables.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_quickorder_responsive/css/et_quickorder_responsive.css?snds8q"); </style> <style> @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/minified/jquery.ui.tooltip.min.css?snds8q"); </style> <style> @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/colorbox_node/colorbox_node.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_bestseller_products/css/styles.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_datasheet_page_alert/css/et_datasheet_page_alert.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_internationalization/css/et_internationalization.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_product_page_promo/css/et_product_page_promo.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_recommendation_engine/css/et_recommendation_engine.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_recommendation_engine/css/owl.carousel.min.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_recommendation_engine/css/owl.theme.default.min.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_searchbar_autocomplete/css/et_searchbar_autocomplete.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_top_scroll/css/top_scroll.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/modules/field/theme/field.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/modules/node/node.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/contrib/views/css/views.css?snds8q"); </style> <style>.infobox_section{border:thin solid black;padding:10px;margin-bottom:5px;} </style> <style> @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/contrib/userInterface/ckeditor/css/ckeditor.css?snds8q"); </style> <style> @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/contrib/ctools/css/ctools.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_messages/et_messages_admin.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_messages/skins/default/et_messages.css?snds8q"); @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/et_pathways2/css/et_pathways.css?snds8q"); </style> <style>#ind_pathways_a_beta_pathways__plaque_formation___app_metabolism > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/A-beta-plaque-app-metabolism.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_a_beta_pathways__uptake___degradation > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/a-beta-update-degradation.png?v=2) center center;} #ind_pathways_a_beta_signaling_pathways > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/a-beta-signaling.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__ccl2_mcp_1_signaling_pathways > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-ccl2-mcp-1.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__icam_1_cd54_signaling_pathways > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-icam-1.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__pathways_overview > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-overview.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__vcam_1_cd106_signaling_pathways > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-vcam-1.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__vegf_signaling_pathways > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-vegf.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_pathway__anatomy > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-anatamy.jpg) center center;} #ind_pathways_darpp_32_phosphorylation > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/darpp32-phosphorylation-tn.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_dopamine_d1_like_receptor_family_signaling_pathways > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/d1r-family-signaling-pathways-tn.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_dopamine_d2_like_receptor_family_signaling_pathways > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/d2r-family-signaling-pathways-tnv2.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__microglia_activation > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/microglia-activation-tn.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__microglia_polarization > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/microglia-polarization-tn.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__overview > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/microglia-overview-tn.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__steady_state_microglia > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/microglia-steadystate-tn.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_synaptic_neurotransmission_pathways__gabaergic_inhibition > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/synaptic-neurotransmission-gaba-inhibition.png) center center;} #ind_pathways_synaptic_neurotransmission_pathways__glutamatergic_excitation > a:before{background:url(//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/synaptic-neurotransmission-glutamatergic-excitation.png) center center;} </style> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css" media="all" /> <style> @import url("https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/themes/RnD_2017/css/style.css?snds8q"); </style> <!-- HTML5 element support for IE6-8 --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv-printshiv.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <script defer="defer" src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/files/google_tag/language/google_tag.en.script.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/jquery/2.1/jquery.min.js?v=2.1.4"></script> <script>jQuery.migrateMute=true;jQuery.migrateTrace=false;</script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/jquery-migrate/1/jquery-migrate.min.js?v=1"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/misc/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js?v=2.1.4"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/misc/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js?v=2.1.4"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/misc/jquery.once.js?v=1.2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.core.min.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.widget.min.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/misc/drupal.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/js/jquery_cookie.js?v=1.2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.position.min.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/misc/ui/jquery.ui.position-1.13.0-backport.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.menu.min.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.autocomplete.min.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_searchbar/js/searchbar_autocomplete.js?v=1"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/js/jQuery_cycle2.js?v=2.1.6"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/js/jquery.blueimp-gallery.min.js?v=2.33.0"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/js/blueimp_et_handler.js?v=2.33.0"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/js/jquery_hoverintent.js?v=1.8.1"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/js/jquery_lazyload.js?v=1.9.1"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/js/jquery_datatables.js?v=1.9.4"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/js/jquery_tablesorter.js?v=2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/js/underscore.js?v=1.6.0"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/external/jquery.cookie.js?v=67fb34f6a866c40d0570"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/jquery.form/4/jquery.form.min.js?v=4.2.1"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_quickorder_responsive/js/et_quickorder_responsive.js?v=1.0.32"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.effect.min.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.effect-highlight.min.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.tooltip.min.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/misc/ajax.js?v=7.98"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/jquery_update/js/jquery_update.js?v=0.0.1"></script> <script src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script defer="defer" src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_onecall/js/et_onecall.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/contrib/fields/entityreference/js/entityreference.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_internationalization/js/et_internationalization.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_javafunctions/js/jQuery_et.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_recommendation_engine/js/et_recommendation_engine.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_recommendation_engine/js/owl.carousel.min.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_top_scroll/js/top_scroll.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/contrib/marketo_ma/js/marketo_ma.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/libraries/colorbox/jquery.colorbox-min.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/libraries/DOMPurify/purify.min.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/contrib/colorbox/js/colorbox.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/contrib/colorbox/js/colorbox_load.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_cookie_policy/js/et_cookie_policy.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_internationalization/js/rnd_distributors.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_search/json_viewer/js/jsonviewer.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_searchbar/js/et_searchbar.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/themes/bootstrap/js/misc/_progress.js?v=7.98"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/et_commerce/et_atc_blocks/js/et_atc_blocks.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/et_commerce/et_atc_blocks/js/et_atc_cart_summary.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_combined_seo/js/et_combined_seo.js?snds8q"></script> <script>var dataLayer = dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({"email": ""});</script> <script>var dataLayer = dataLayer || [] dataLayer.push({"event":"userRole","userRole":"anonymous user"});</script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/modules/enterprise-tech/et_messages/et_messages.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/et_pathways2/js/new_pathways.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/themes/RnD_2017/js/rnd.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/themes/RnD_2017/js/et_mobile_theme.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/themes/RnD_2017/js/rnd_menu.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/themes/RnD_2017/js/jquery.livequery.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/themes/RnD_2017/js/jquery.cluetip.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/themes/RnD_2017/js/distributors.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/themes/RnD_2017/js/et_atc_blocks.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/themes/RnD_2017/js/blueimp.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/rndsystems.com/modules/colorbox_node/colorbox_node.js?snds8q"></script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/themes/bootstrap/js/misc/ajax.js?snds8q"></script> <script>jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","setHasJsCookie":0,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"RnD_2017","theme_token":"4Va_YRjNSbfA-Ks8CVNfK598U7iOPO8mc8aaMouS_Ho","jquery_version":"2.1","js":{"0":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/bootstrap.js":1,"public:\/\/google_tag\/language\/google_tag.en.script.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/2.1\/jquery.min.js":1,"1":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery-migrate\/1\/jquery-migrate.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.core.min.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.widget.min.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jquery_cookie.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.position.min.js":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.position-1.13.0-backport.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.menu.min.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.autocomplete.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_searchbar\/js\/searchbar_autocomplete.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jQuery_cycle2.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jquery.blueimp-gallery.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/blueimp_et_handler.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jquery_hoverintent.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jquery_lazyload.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jquery_datatables.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jquery_tablesorter.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/underscore.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/external\/jquery.cookie.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery.form\/4\/jquery.form.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_quickorder_responsive\/js\/et_quickorder_responsive.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.effect.min.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.effect-highlight.min.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.tooltip.min.js":1,"misc\/ajax.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/js\/jquery_update.js":1,"https:\/\/resources.rndsystems.com\/bootstrap\/bootstrap.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_onecall\/js\/et_onecall.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/fields\/entityreference\/js\/entityreference.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_internationalization\/js\/et_internationalization.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jQuery_et.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_recommendation_engine\/js\/et_recommendation_engine.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_recommendation_engine\/js\/owl.carousel.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_top_scroll\/js\/top_scroll.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/marketo_ma\/js\/marketo_ma.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/colorbox\/jquery.colorbox-min.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/DOMPurify\/purify.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox_load.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_cookie_policy\/js\/et_cookie_policy.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_internationalization\/js\/rnd_distributors.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_search\/json_viewer\/js\/jsonviewer.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_searchbar\/js\/et_searchbar.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/misc\/_progress.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/et_commerce\/et_atc_blocks\/js\/et_atc_blocks.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/et_commerce\/et_atc_blocks\/js\/et_atc_cart_summary.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_combined_seo\/js\/et_combined_seo.js":1,"2":1,"3":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_messages\/et_messages.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/et_pathways2\/js\/new_pathways.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/themes\/RnD_2017\/js\/rnd.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/themes\/RnD_2017\/js\/et_mobile_theme.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/themes\/RnD_2017\/js\/rnd_menu.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/themes\/RnD_2017\/js\/jquery.livequery.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/themes\/RnD_2017\/js\/jquery.cluetip.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/themes\/RnD_2017\/js\/distributors.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/themes\/RnD_2017\/js\/et_atc_blocks.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/themes\/RnD_2017\/js\/blueimp.js":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/colorbox_node\/colorbox_node.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/misc\/ajax.js":1},"css":{"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.core.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.menu.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.autocomplete.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/css\/blueimp-gallery.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/css\/datatables.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_quickorder_responsive\/css\/et_quickorder_responsive.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.tooltip.css":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/colorbox_node\/colorbox_node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_bestseller_products\/css\/styles.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_datasheet_page_alert\/css\/et_datasheet_page_alert.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_internationalization\/css\/et_internationalization.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_product_page_promo\/css\/et_product_page_promo.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_recommendation_engine\/css\/et_recommendation_engine.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_recommendation_engine\/css\/owl.carousel.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_recommendation_engine\/css\/owl.theme.default.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_searchbar_autocomplete\/css\/et_searchbar_autocomplete.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_top_scroll\/css\/top_scroll.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"0":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/userInterface\/ckeditor\/css\/ckeditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_messages\/et_messages_admin.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_messages\/skins\/default\/et_messages.css":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/et_pathways2\/css\/et_pathways.css":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/modules\/et_pathways2\/css\/et_pathways2.css":1,"1":1,"2":1,"3":1,"4":1,"5":1,"6":1,"7":1,"8":1,"9":1,"10":1,"11":1,"12":1,"13":1,"14":1,"15":1,"16":1,"17":1,"18":1,"https:\/\/resources.rndsystems.com\/bootstrap\/drupal-bootstrap.min.css":1,"https:\/\/resources.rndsystems.com\/bootstrap\/bootstrap.min.css":1,"sites\/rndsystems.com\/themes\/RnD_2017\/css\/style.css":1}},"colorbox":{"transition":"elastic","speed":"350","opacity":"0.85","slideshow":false,"slideshowAuto":true,"slideshowSpeed":"2500","slideshowStart":"start slideshow","slideshowStop":"stop slideshow","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","overlayClose":true,"returnFocus":true,"maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","initialWidth":"300","initialHeight":"250","fixed":true,"scrolling":false,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px","file_public_path":"\/sites\/rndsystems.com\/files","specificPagesDefaultValue":"admin*\nimagebrowser*\nimg_assist*\nimce*\nnode\/add\/*\nnode\/*\/edit\nprint\/*\nprintpdf\/*\nsystem\/ajax\nsystem\/ajax\/*"},"country_name":"United States","et_internationalization":{"social":" \u003Ctable\u003E\n \u003Ctr\u003E\n \u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RnDSystems\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fp_social_facebook\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\n \u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RnDSystems\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EFind us on Facebook\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\n \u003C\/tr\u003E\n \u003Ctr\u003E\n \u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.twitter.com\/RnDSystems\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fp_social_twitter social\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\n \u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.twitter.com\/RnDSystems\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022social_text\u0022\u003EFollow us on Twitter\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\n \u003C\/tr\u003E\n \u003Ctr\u003E\n \u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/RnDSystems\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fp_social_youtube social\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\n \u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/RnDSystems\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022social_text\u0022\u003EWatch us on YouTube\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\n \u003C\/tr\u003E\n \u003Ctr\u003E\n \u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/r\u0026amp;d-systems\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fp_social_linkedin social\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\n \u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/r\u0026amp;d-systems\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022social_text\u0022\u003EConnect with us on LinkedIn\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\n \u003C\/tr\u003E\n \u003C\/table\u003E","distphone":"(65) 62720788"},"et_onecall":{"active":"true"},"et_searchbar":{"min_chars":"2"},"etMessages":{"position":"center","vertical":"0","horizontal":"10","fixed":1,"width":"400px","autoclose":0,"opendelay":"0.3","disable_autoclose":0,"show_countdown":1,"hover_autoclose":1,"popin":{"effect":"fadeIn","duration":"slow"},"popout":{"effect":"fadeIn","duration":"slow"}},"et_quickorder_responsive":{"enabled":false,"show_cart":"0","display_price":"0","isDistributor":false},"colorbox_node":{"width":"600px","height":"600px"},"bootstrap":{"anchorsFix":"0","anchorsSmoothScrolling":"0","formHasError":1,"popoverEnabled":1,"popoverOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"right","selector":"","trigger":"click","triggerAutoclose":1,"title":"","content":"","delay":0,"container":"body"},"tooltipEnabled":1,"tooltipOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"auto left","selector":"","trigger":"hover focus","delay":0,"container":"body"}}});</script> <!----> <!-- OpenGraph --> <!--<meta property="og:title" content="--><!--">--> <!--<meta property="og:type" content="science">--> <!--<meta property="og:url" content="--><!--">--> <!--<meta property="og:image" content="https://resources.tocris.com/images/archive/tocrisO.png">--> <!--<meta property="og:site_name" content="Tocris Bioscience">--> <!--<meta property="fb:admins" content="489160827765029">--> <!----> <!-- Twitter --> <!--<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">--> <!--<meta name="twitter:site" content="@Tocris">--> <!--<meta name="twitter:title" content="--><!--">--> <!--<meta name="twitter:description" content="--><!--">--> <!--<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://resources.tocris.com/images/archive/tocrisO.png">--> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/favicons/favicon32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/favicons/favicon16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/favicons/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/favicons/favicon.ico"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="R&D Systems"> <meta name="application-name" content="R&D Systems"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/favicons/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-node page-node- page-node-64491 node-type-pathway-research-topic-header-bl i18n-en"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!-- <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-52P87LJ"--> <!-- height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>--> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="region region-page-top"> <noscript aria-hidden="true"><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5JK4G7" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> </div> <header id="header" role="banner"> <!--Pricing notice container--> <!--Pricing notice container end--> <div id="bb_container"> <div id="brands_bar"> <div class="region region-brands-bar"> <section id="block-bt-brands-bar-bt-brands-bar" class="block block-bt-brands-bar clearfix"> <li class="bb_biotechne"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Bio-Techne"></a></li><li class="bb_rndsystems active"><a href="https://www.rndsystems.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self" aria-label="R&D Systems"></a></li><li class="bb_novusbio"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Novus Biologicals"></a></li><li class="bb_tocris"><a href="https://www.tocris.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Tocris Bioscience"></a></li><li class="bb_proteinsimple"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/brands/proteinsimple" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="ProteinSimple"></a></li><li class="bb_biospacific"><a href="https://www.biospacific.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="BiosPacific"></a></li><li class="bb_cliniqa"><a href="https://www.cliniqa.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Cliniqa"></a></li><li class="bb_acd"><a href="https://acdbio.com/ " rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="ACD"></a></li><li class="bb_rndheme"><a href="https://www.rndheme.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="R&D Heme"></a></li> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div id="hd_container"> <div id="logo_block"> <section id="block-logo-block-logo" class="block block-logo-block clearfix"> <a href="/" title="RnD Systems" class="active"></a> </section> </div> <div id="search_bar"> <div class="region region-search-bar"> <section id="block-et-searchbar-et-searchbar-bar" class="block block-et-searchbar clearfix"> <form name="et_searchbar" method="GET" action="/search" class="search_form"><div class="et_searchbar"> <input autocomplete="off" name="keywords" type="text" class="et_searchbar_wide et_searchbar_default" value="" placeholder="Search keyword, molecule name, target, catalog number, or product type" data-default="" spellcheck="false"/><input type="submit" value="" class="search_btn fp_mag_glass_wideSearch"></div></form> </section> </div> </div> <div id="cart_menu_mobile" class="atc_cart_summary_icon"></div> <div id="account_menu_mobile"></div> <div id="account_menu"> <div class="region region-account-menu"> <section id="block-et-internationalization-country-dropdown" class="block block-et-internationalization clearfix"> <div id="internationalization_country_select"> <div class="internationalization_drop"></div> </div> </section> <section id="block-et-internationalization-sign-in" class="block block-et-internationalization clearfix"> <div id="sign_in"><a href="/user/login" rel="nofollow"><noscript>Account</noscript></a></div> </section> <section id="block-et-cookie-policy-cookie-policy" class="block block-et-cookie-policy clearfix"> <div></div> </section> <section id="block-et-atc-blocks-et-atc-cart-summary" class="block block-et-atc-blocks clearfix"> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="first last leaf active"><div class="atc_blocks_items_in_cart" style="display:none;"></div></li> </ul> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mm_container"> <div id="main_menu_mobile"></div> <nav id="main_menu"> <div class="region region-main-menu"> <section id="block-menu-menu-master-menu" class="block block-menu clearfix"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first expanded dropdown"><a href="/products" id="menu-master-menu-116406" data-target="#">Products <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="first expanded dropdown"><span id="menu-master-menu-116611" data-target="#" class="nolink" tabindex="0">Products by Category <span class="caret"></span></span><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="third-level-menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/products/proteins" id="menu-master-menu-121156">Recombinant Proteins</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/good-manufacturing-practices-gmp-grade-proteins" id="menu-master-menu-116631">GMP Proteins</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/antibodies" id="menu-master-menu-120916">Antibodies</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/elisas" id="menu-master-menu-120906">ELISAs</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/cometassay" id="menu-master-menu-120986">CometAssay</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/luminex-assays-and-high-performance-assays" id="menu-master-menu-121061">Luminex Assays</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/luminex-instrumentation" id="menu-master-menu-120461">Luminex Instruments</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/cell-culture" id="menu-master-menu-121146">Cell Culture</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/stem-cell-products" id="menu-master-menu-122806">Stem Cell Products</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/small-molecules-peptides" id="menu-master-menu-116706">Small Molecules & Peptides</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/enzymes" id="menu-master-menu-121116">Enzymes</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/elispot-kits-fluorospot-kits" id="menu-master-menu-116731">ELISpots</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/cdna-clones" id="menu-master-menu-116736">cDNA Clones</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/flow-cytometry-workflow-solutions" id="menu-master-menu-120941">Flow Cytometry Workflow Solutions</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/products/proteome-profiler-antibody-arrays" id="menu-master-menu-116746">Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><span id="menu-master-menu-116616" data-target="#" class="nolink" tabindex="0">Products by Research Area <span class="caret"></span></span><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="third-level-menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/products/cell-therapy" id="menu-master-menu-116751">Cell Therapy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/immunotherapy" id="menu-master-menu-116761">Immunotherapy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/cancer" id="menu-master-menu-116771">Cancer</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/immunology" id="menu-master-menu-116781">Immunology</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/neuroscience" id="menu-master-menu-116791">Neuroscience</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/cell-proliferation-viability-apoptosis" id="menu-master-menu-116821">Apoptosis and Cell Viability</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/activity-assays-reagents" id="menu-master-menu-116831">Biological Activity Assays</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/glycobiology" id="menu-master-menu-116836">Glycobiology</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/cardiovascular-biology" id="menu-master-menu-116851">Cardiovascular Biology</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/products/ubiquitin-related-products" id="menu-master-menu-122741">Ubiquitin</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last leaf menu-background two-column menu_products_image"><div class="menu_image_mask"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/navigation/products05-2017b.jpg" alt="Our Products" /></div><span class="btn nolink" tabindex="0">Our Products</span></li></ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/services" id="menu-master-menu-116401" data-target="#">Services <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu short"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/services" id="menu-master-menu-121056">All Custom Services</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/protein-services" id="menu-master-menu-120591">Custom Protein Services</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/luminex-assays-custom-development-services" id="menu-master-menu-122756">Luminex Custom Services</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/custom-antibody-services" id="menu-master-menu-120551">Custom Antibody Services</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/assay-production-custom-development-services" id="menu-master-menu-116866">Assay Custom Services</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/custom-services-cell-gene-therapies" id="menu-master-menu-121151">Custom Services for Cell & Gene Therapies</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/genome-engineering" id="menu-master-menu-122691">Genome Engineering Services</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/bioactivity-testing-services" id="menu-master-menu-116911">Bioactivity Testing Services</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/custom-chemistry" id="menu-master-menu-116901">Chemistry Services</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/bulk-quote-request" id="menu-master-menu-116916">Bulk/Custom Formulation</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/custom-cdna-cloning" id="menu-master-menu-116926">Custom cDNA Cloning</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-background one-column menu_services_image"><div class="menu_image_mask"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/navigation/services12-15.jpg" alt="Expedite Your Research" /></div><h4>Expedite Your Research</h4><a href="/services" class="btn">Expedite Your Research</a></li><li class="last leaf"><a href="/services/gmp-antibody-services" id="menu-master-menu-122711">Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Antibody Services</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded active-trail active dropdown"><a href="/pathways" class="active-trail" id="menu-master-menu-116411" data-target="#">Pathways <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu short"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/pathways/cancer" id="menu-master-menu-116556">Cancer</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pathways/cardiovascular-biology" id="menu-master-menu-116561">Cardiovascular Biology</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pathways/developmental-biology" id="menu-master-menu-116566">Development</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pathways/glycobiology" id="menu-master-menu-116571">Glycobiology</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pathways/immunology" id="menu-master-menu-116576">Immunology</a></li> <li class="leaf active-trail active"><a href="/pathways/neuroscience" class="active-trail active" id="menu-master-menu-116581">Neuroscience</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pathways/proteases" id="menu-master-menu-116586">Proteases & Other Enzymes</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pathways/signal-transduction" id="menu-master-menu-116591">Signal Transduction</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pathways/stem-cells" id="menu-master-menu-116596">Stem Cell</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pathways/ubiquitin-related-modifiers-and-pathways" id="menu-master-menu-116601">Ubiquitin, Related Modifiers, & Pathways</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pathways" id="menu-master-menu-116606">View All Pathways</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-background one-column menu_pathways_image"><div class="menu_image_mask"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/navigation/pathwaysXX.jpg" alt="Explore Our Interactive Pathways" /></div><h4>Award-Winning Interactive Pathways</h4><a href="/pathways" class="btn">Explore Our Interactive Pathways</a></li></ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/resources" id="menu-master-menu-116416" data-target="#">Resources <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu short"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/research-area" id="menu-master-menu-117016">Research Areas</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/protocols-troubleshooting-guides" id="menu-master-menu-117026">Protocols/Troubleshooting Guides/Videos</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/technical-information" id="menu-master-menu-117036">Technical Information</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/articles" id="menu-master-menu-117046">Articles</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/faqs" id="menu-master-menu-117056">Help & FAQs</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/literature" id="menu-master-menu-117071">Literature</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/literature-request" id="menu-master-menu-117081">Request Literature</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/calculators" id="menu-master-menu-117091">Calculators</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/posters" id="menu-master-menu-117096">Posters</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/blog" id="menu-master-menu-117106">Blog</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/promotions" id="menu-master-menu-117121">Promotions</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/grants-scholarships/bio-techne-travel-grants" id="menu-master-menu-117126">Travel Grants</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-background one-column menu_resources_image"><div class="menu_image_mask"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/navigation/resources-2017.jpg" alt="Request Literature" /></div><h4>Posters, Brochures, Whitepapers & Reference Guides</h4><a href="/literature-request" class="btn">Request Literature</a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/cell-markers" id="menu-master-menu-120471">Cell Markers</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="https://www.rndsystems.com/products/promotions/get-your-new-lab-and-running" id="menu-master-menu-121241">New Lab Program</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/quality" id="menu-master-menu-116421" data-target="#">R&D Systems Quality <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu short"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/quality" title="" id="menu-master-menu-116936">Quality Philosophy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/quality/people" title="" id="menu-master-menu-116946">People</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/quality/place" title="" id="menu-master-menu-116956">Place</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/quality/performance" title="" id="menu-master-menu-116966">Performance</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/quality/product-development" title="" id="menu-master-menu-116976">Product Development</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/quality/customer-satisfaction" title="" id="menu-master-menu-116986">Customer Satisfaction</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/quality/rnd-systems-quality-advantage" title="" id="menu-master-menu-117001">The R&D Systems Quality Advantage</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/quality/documents-certifications-and-faqs" title="" id="menu-master-menu-117006">Documents, Certifications, & FAQs</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-background one-column menu_quality_image"><div class="menu_image_mask"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/menu-backgrounds/scientists.jpg" alt="R&D Systems Quality" /></div><h4>Experts in Reagent Quality</h4><span class="btn nolink" tabindex="0">R&D Systems Quality</span></li></ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/about-us" id="menu-master-menu-116436" data-target="#">About Us <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu short"><li class="first leaf"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/about/careers" id="menu-master-menu-116481">Careers</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/brands" target="_blank" id="menu-master-menu-116491">Bio-Techne Brands</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://investors.bio-techne.com/" target="_blank" id="menu-master-menu-116501">Investor Relations</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-background one-column menu_about_image"><div class="menu_image_mask"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/navigation/aboutUsXX02.jpg" alt="Join Us" /></div><h4>Our People are Our Greatest Asset</h4><a href="/about-us/career-opportunities" class="btn">Join Us</a></li></ul></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/support/contact-us" id="menu-master-menu-116471">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="breadcrumbs_wrapper"> <div class="breadcrumbs_container"> <div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> <span class="breadcrumb_separator">/</span> <a href="/pathways">Interactive Pathways & Processes</a> <span class="breadcrumb_separator">/</span> Neuroscience Pathways</div> </div> </div> <div class="main-container container"> <section> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="row pw_content"> <div id="pw_menu" class="pw_left col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3"> <div class="mobile_facet_wrapper"> <div class="search_mobile_buttons"> <div class="pw_toggle btn btn-tertiary"> Back to Pathways </div> </div> <div class="pw_menu_block"> <div class="et-pathways-topics pathway_menu_items"> <div class="pathways-block"> <h5 class="pathways-title"> <a href="/pathways">Interactive Pathways & Processes</a></h5> <ul class="pathways-ul" data-count="10" id="menuPathways"> <li class="pathways-li "> <form id="pathways_cancer_pathways" action="/pathways/cancer" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/cancer" data-form="pathways_cancer_pathways" class="pathway_link"> <span class="icon-"> Cancer Pathways </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Cancer"> </form> </li> <li class="pathways-li "> <form id="pathways_cardiovascular_biology_pathways" action="/pathways/cardiovascular-biology" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/cardiovascular-biology" data-form="pathways_cardiovascular_biology_pathways" class="pathway_link"> <span class="icon-"> Cardiovascular Biology Pathways </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="cardiovascular"> </form> </li> <li class="pathways-li "> <form id="pathways_development_pathways" action="/pathways/developmental-biology" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/developmental-biology" data-form="pathways_development_pathways" class="pathway_link"> <span class="icon-"> Development Pathways </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="developmental-biology"> </form> </li> <li class="pathways-li "> <form id="pathways_glycobiology_pathways" action="/pathways/glycobiology" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/glycobiology" data-form="pathways_glycobiology_pathways" class="pathway_link"> <span class="icon-"> Glycobiology Pathways </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Glycobiology"> </form> </li> <li class="pathways-li "> <form id="pathways_immunology_pathways" action="/pathways/immunology" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/immunology" data-form="pathways_immunology_pathways" class="pathway_link"> <span class="icon-"> Immunology Pathways </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Immunology"> </form> </li> <li class="pathways-li active"> <form id="pathways_neuroscience_pathways" action="/pathways/neuroscience" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/neuroscience" data-form="pathways_neuroscience_pathways" class="pathway_link"> <span class="icon-"> Neuroscience Pathways </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <ul> <form id="pathways_a-beta_pathways__plaque_formation__app_metabolism" action="/pathways/a-beta-pathways-plaque-formation-app-metabolism" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/a-beta-pathways-plaque-formation-app-metabolism" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_a-beta_pathways__plaque_formation__app_metabolism"> A-beta Pathways: Plaque Formation & APP Metabolism </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_a-beta_pathways__uptake__degradation" action="/pathways/a-beta-pathways-uptake-degradation" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/a-beta-pathways-uptake-degradation" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_a-beta_pathways__uptake__degradation"> A-beta Pathways: Uptake & Degradation </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_a-beta_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/a-beta-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/a-beta-signaling-pathways" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_a-beta_signaling_pathways"> A-beta Signaling Pathways </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__ccl2_mcp-1_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-ccl2-mcp-1-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-ccl2-mcp-1-signaling-pathways" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__ccl2_mcp-1_signaling_pathways"> Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: CCL2/MCP-1 Signaling Pathways </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__icam-1_cd54_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-icam-1-cd54-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-icam-1-cd54-signaling-pathways" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__icam-1_cd54_signaling_pathways"> Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: ICAM-1/CD54 Signaling Pathways </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__pathways_overview" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-pathways-overview" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-pathways-overview" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__pathways_overview"> Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: Pathways Overview </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__vcam-1_cd106_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-vcam-1-cd106-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-vcam-1-cd106-signaling-pathways" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__vcam-1_cd106_signaling_pathways"> Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: VCAM-1/CD106 Signaling Pathways </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__vegf_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-vegf-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-vegf-signaling-pathways" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__vegf_signaling_pathways"> Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: VEGF Signaling Pathways </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_pathway__anatomy" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-pathway-anatomy" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-pathway-anatomy" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_blood-brain_barrier_pathway__anatomy"> Blood-Brain Barrier Pathway: Anatomy </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_darpp-32_phosphorylation" action="/pathways/darpp-32-phosphorylation" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/darpp-32-phosphorylation" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_darpp-32_phosphorylation"> DARPP-32 Phosphorylation </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_dopamine_d1-like_receptor_family_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/dopamine-d1-receptor-family-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/dopamine-d1-receptor-family-signaling-pathways" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_dopamine_d1-like_receptor_family_signaling_pathways"> Dopamine D1-Like Receptor Family Signaling Pathways </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_dopamine_d2-like_receptor_family_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/dopamine-d2-receptor-family-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/dopamine-d2-receptor-family-signaling-pathways" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_dopamine_d2-like_receptor_family_signaling_pathways"> Dopamine D2-Like Receptor Family Signaling Pathways </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__microglia_activation" action="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-microglia-activation" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-microglia-activation" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__microglia_activation"> Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Activation </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__microglia_polarization" action="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-microglia-polarization" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-microglia-polarization" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__microglia_polarization"> Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Polarization </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__overview" action="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-overview" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-overview" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__overview"> Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Overview </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__steady-state_microglia" action="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-steady-state-microglia" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-steady-state-microglia" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__steady-state_microglia"> Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Steady-State Microglia </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_synaptic_neurotransmission_pathways__gabaergic_inhibition" action="/pathways/synaptic-neurotransmission-pathways-gabaergic-inhibition" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/synaptic-neurotransmission-pathways-gabaergic-inhibition" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_synaptic_neurotransmission_pathways__gabaergic_inhibition"> Synaptic Neurotransmission Pathways: GABAergic Inhibition </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> <form id="pathways_synaptic_neurotransmission_pathways__glutamatergic_excitation" action="/pathways/synaptic-neurotransmission-pathways-glutamatergic-excitation" method="post"> <li class=""> <a href="/pathways/synaptic-neurotransmission-pathways-glutamatergic-excitation" class="pathway_link" data-form="pathways_synaptic_neurotransmission_pathways__glutamatergic_excitation"> Synaptic Neurotransmission Pathways: Glutamatergic Excitation </a> </li> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </ul> </li> <li class="pathways-li "> <form id="pathways_proteases__other_enzymes_pathways" action="/pathways/proteases" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/proteases" data-form="pathways_proteases__other_enzymes_pathways" class="pathway_link"> <span class="icon-"> Proteases & Other Enzymes Pathways </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="proteases"> </form> </li> <li class="pathways-li "> <form id="pathways_signal_transduction_pathways" action="/pathways/signal-transduction" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/signal-transduction" data-form="pathways_signal_transduction_pathways" class="pathway_link"> <span class="icon-"> Signal Transduction Pathways </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="signal-transduction"> </form> </li> <li class="pathways-li "> <form id="pathways_stem_cell_pathways" action="/pathways/stem-cells" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/stem-cells" data-form="pathways_stem_cell_pathways" class="pathway_link"> <span class="icon-"> Stem Cell Pathways </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="stem-cells"> </form> </li> <li class="pathways-li "> <form id="pathways_ubiquitin_related_modifiers__pathways" action="/pathways/ubiquitin-related-modifiers-and-pathways" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/ubiquitin-related-modifiers-and-pathways" data-form="pathways_ubiquitin_related_modifiers__pathways" class="pathway_link"> <span class="icon-"> Ubiquitin, Related Modifiers, & Pathways </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="ubiquitin-related-modifiers-and-pathways"> </form> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pw_right col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-9"> <div class="search_mobile_buttons"> <div class="pw_menu_toggle btn btn-tertiary">Show Categories</div> </div> <div class="pw_header"> <h1>Neuroscience Pathways</h1> <div class="pathway_description"> <p><p>The field of neuroscience is one of the most fascinating and complex branches of biological science. Understanding nervous system development, homeostasis, and what causes nervous system dysfunction are some of the fundamental questions being addressed by neuroscientists today. The illustrations found in this section highlight pathways that regulate these processes or mechanisms that may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.</p> </p> </div> </div> <div class="pw_categories"> <h2>Interactive Pathways by Category</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="pw_categories"> <div class="row PathwayViewCon"> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_a_beta_pathways__plaque_formation___app_metabolism" action="/pathways/a-beta-pathways-plaque-formation-app-metabolism" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/a-beta-pathways-plaque-formation-app-metabolism" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/A-beta-plaque-app-metabolism.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_a_beta_pathways__plaque_formation___app_metabolism"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">A-beta Pathways: Plaque Formation & APP Metabolism</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_a_beta_pathways__uptake___degradation" action="/pathways/a-beta-pathways-uptake-degradation" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/a-beta-pathways-uptake-degradation" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/a-beta-update-degradation.png?v=2" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_a_beta_pathways__uptake___degradation"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">A-beta Pathways: Uptake & Degradation</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_a_beta_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/a-beta-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/a-beta-signaling-pathways" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/a-beta-signaling.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_a_beta_signaling_pathways"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">A-beta Signaling Pathways</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__ccl2_mcp_1_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-ccl2-mcp-1-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-ccl2-mcp-1-signaling-pathways" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-ccl2-mcp-1.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__ccl2_mcp_1_signaling_pathways"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: CCL2/MCP-1 Signaling Pathways</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__icam_1_cd54_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-icam-1-cd54-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-icam-1-cd54-signaling-pathways" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-icam-1.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__icam_1_cd54_signaling_pathways"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: ICAM-1/CD54 Signaling Pathways</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__pathways_overview" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-pathways-overview" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-pathways-overview" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-overview.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__pathways_overview"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: Pathways Overview</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__vcam_1_cd106_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-vcam-1-cd106-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-vcam-1-cd106-signaling-pathways" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-vcam-1.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__vcam_1_cd106_signaling_pathways"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: VCAM-1/CD106 Signaling Pathways</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__vegf_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-vegf-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-immune-cell-transmigration-vegf-signaling-pathways" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-vegf.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_and_immune_cell_transmigration__vegf_signaling_pathways"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: VEGF Signaling Pathways</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_pathway__anatomy" action="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-pathway-anatomy" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-pathway-anatomy" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/blood-brain-barrier-anatamy.jpg" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_blood_brain_barrier_pathway__anatomy"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Blood-Brain Barrier Pathway: Anatomy</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_darpp_32_phosphorylation" action="/pathways/darpp-32-phosphorylation" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/darpp-32-phosphorylation" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/darpp32-phosphorylation-tn.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_darpp_32_phosphorylation"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">DARPP-32 Phosphorylation</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_dopamine_d1_like_receptor_family_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/dopamine-d1-receptor-family-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/dopamine-d1-receptor-family-signaling-pathways" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/d1r-family-signaling-pathways-tn.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_dopamine_d1_like_receptor_family_signaling_pathways"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Dopamine D1-Like Receptor Family Signaling Pathways</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_dopamine_d2_like_receptor_family_signaling_pathways" action="/pathways/dopamine-d2-receptor-family-signaling-pathways" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/dopamine-d2-receptor-family-signaling-pathways" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/d2r-family-signaling-pathways-tnv2.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_dopamine_d2_like_receptor_family_signaling_pathways"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Dopamine D2-Like Receptor Family Signaling Pathways</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__microglia_activation" action="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-microglia-activation" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-microglia-activation" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/microglia-activation-tn.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__microglia_activation"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Activation</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__microglia_polarization" action="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-microglia-polarization" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-microglia-polarization" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/microglia-polarization-tn.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__microglia_polarization"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Polarization</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__overview" action="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-overview" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-overview" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/microglia-overview-tn.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__overview"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Overview</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__steady_state_microglia" action="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-steady-state-microglia" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/microglia-activation-during-neuroinflammation-steady-state-microglia" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/microglia-steadystate-tn.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_microglia_activation_during_neuroinflammation__steady_state_microglia"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Steady-State Microglia</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_synaptic_neurotransmission_pathways__gabaergic_inhibition" action="/pathways/synaptic-neurotransmission-pathways-gabaergic-inhibition" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/synaptic-neurotransmission-pathways-gabaergic-inhibition" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/synaptic-neurotransmission-gaba-inhibition.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_synaptic_neurotransmission_pathways__gabaergic_inhibition"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Synaptic Neurotransmission Pathways: GABAergic Inhibition</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pw_category col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="pw_category_wrapper"> <form id="ind_pathways_synaptic_neurotransmission_pathways__glutamatergic_excitation" action="/pathways/synaptic-neurotransmission-pathways-glutamatergic-excitation" method="post"> <a href="/pathways/synaptic-neurotransmission-pathways-glutamatergic-excitation" data-src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/Thumbnails/synaptic-neurotransmission-glutamatergic-excitation.png" class="b-lazy toplevel pw_category_link pw_category_wrapper_single pathway_link" data-form="ind_pathways_synaptic_neurotransmission_pathways__glutamatergic_excitation"> <h2 class="pw_category_title">Synaptic Neurotransmission Pathways: Glutamatergic Excitation</h2> </a> <input type="hidden" name="pw_parent" value="Neuroscience"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <footer id="footer_wrapper" class="container-fluid"> <div id="footer_wrapper_container" class="row"> <div id="footer" class="container"> <div id="footer_container" class="row"> <nav class="footer_column footer_column_1 col-xs-12 col-sm-3"> <div class="region region-footer-column-1"> <section id="block-menu-menu-footer-popular-searches" class="block block-menu clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Popular Products</h2> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/search?category=Proteins%20and%20Enzymes" title="" id="menu-footer-popular-searches-28211">Bioactive Proteins</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/search?category=Luminex%20Assays" title="" id="menu-footer-popular-searches-28216">Luminex Assays</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/search?category=ELISAs" title="" id="menu-footer-popular-searches-28221">ELISA Kits</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/search?category=Small%20Molecules" title="" id="menu-footer-popular-searches-28226">Small Molecules</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/search?category=Primary%20Antibodies" title="" id="menu-footer-popular-searches-28231">Primary Antibodies</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </nav> <nav class="footer_column footer_column_2 col-xs-12 col-sm-3"> <div class="region region-footer-column-2"> <section id="block-menu-menu-footer-company-information" class="block block-menu clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Company Information</h2> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/about-us" title="" id="menu-footer-company-information-63901">About Us</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/about/careers" id="menu-footer-company-information-63911">Careers</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/quality" title="" id="menu-footer-company-information-63916">R&D Systems Quality</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/brands" id="menu-footer-company-information-24546">Bio-Techne Brands</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </nav> <nav class="footer_column footer_column_3 col-xs-12 col-sm-3"> <div class="region region-footer-column-3"> <section id="block-menu-menu-footer-support" class="block block-menu clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Support</h2> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/support/contact-us" title="" id="menu-footer-support-32351">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/customer-service-ordering-info" id="menu-footer-support-63931">Ordering R&D Systems Products</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/distributors" title="" id="menu-footer-support-32366">Distributors</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/protocols-troubleshooting-guides" title="" id="menu-footer-support-32371">Protocols</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/resources/faqs" title="" id="menu-footer-support-24551">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </nav> <div class="footer_column footer_column_4 col-xs-12 col-sm-3"> <div class="region region-footer-column-4"> <section id="block-block-16" class="block block-block clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Stay Connected</h2> <p>Get the latest news, product updates, and promotions:</p> <p><a href="/subscribe" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary" title="Subscribe" target="_blank">Subscribe</a></p> <p>Follow R&D Systems:</p> <p> <a class="social_link" href="https://www.facebook.com/RnDSystems" target="_blank" title="R&D Systems on Facebook"><span class="icon-facebook-square"></span></a> <a class="social_link" href="https://x.com/RnDSystems" target="_blank" title="R&D Systems on Twitter"><span class="icon-twitter-square"></span></a> <a class="social_link" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/RnDSystems" target="_blank" title="R&D Systems on YouTube"><span class="icon-youtube-square"></span></a> <a class="social_link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/r&d-systems" target="_blank" title="R&D Systems on Linkedin"><span class="icon-linkedin-square"></span></a> </p> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="copyright_wrapper" class="container-fluid"> <div id="copyright_wrapper_container" class="row"> <div id="copyright" class="container"> <div id="copyright_container" class="row"> <div id="copyright_content" class="col-xs-12"> <p> <div class="region region-copyright"> <section id="block-block-21" class="block block-block clearfix"> <div class="copy_left"> <a href="/legal-information" title="Legal Information">Legal</a> | <a href="/legal-information#Terms" title="Terms & Conditions">Terms & Conditions</a> | <a href="/legal-information#privacy" title="Privacy and Cookie Policy">Privacy and Cookie Policy</a> | <a href="/sitemap" title="Sitemap">Sitemap</a> </div> <div class="copy_right">© Copyright 2024 R&D Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.</div> </section> </div> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script>var _hmt = _hmt || []; (function() { var hm = document.createElement("script"); hm.async = true; hm.defer = true; hm.src = "//hm.baidu.com/hm.js?9d5a20d7ef7a7e9d0ba4232fd45e5d3f"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s); })();</script> <script src="https://www.rndsystems.com/sites/all/themes/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js?snds8q"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"76fb58fb05","applicationID":"788348530,30870807","transactionName":"YFdbZBFZXxdWAhAMVlkdeFMXUV4KGA8LAVxoQlhXBmdHDVIW","queueTime":14,"applicationTime":262,"atts":"TBBYEllDTBk=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>