{"title":"Sexual Health and Reproductive Ageing among Rural Women of Marrakech (Morocco)","authors":"R. Lotfi, M. Loukid, M.K. Hilali","volume":81,"journal":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","pagesStart":580,"pagesEnd":584,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/16704","abstract":"<p>The reproductive aging of women is a biological process which is expressed by the loss of ovarian function and therefore the loss of the possibility of procreation. The present work aims to evaluate the effect of menopause on sexual health of rural women and to examine the determinants of female sexuality after menopause. A survey was conducted among 527 women in the rural area of Marrakech. The average age of women was 51.92 ± 7.24 years. It appears from this study that sexual activity in menopausal women decreases with age, 20% of women had no sexual activity after menopause. 72% of respondents reported having sex by obligation, 71% of women say they are not satisfied with their sexuality, while 29 % are very satisfied. The most common sexual complaints are represented by the decreased libido (81%), vaginal dryness (54%), and pain (22,7%). Of the 511 women with sexual dysfunction, only 34 (6, 4%) consulted for this disorder. Many factors may influence sex include menopause and all the biological changes but also the roles of culture, social constructions and perception of sexuality after menopause are complicated.<\/p>\r\n","references":"<p>[1] D. Snowdon, R. Kane, W. Besson, G. Burke, J.Sprafka, J. Potter, H. Iso,\r\nD. Jascobs, R. Phillips, Is early natural menopause a biological marker\r\nof health and ageing? Am. J. Public Health, 79 (6): 709-714, 1989.\r\n[2] C. Bernis, Ecologia del envejecimiento reproductor: una vision global.\r\nConférence au Workshop « Ecologia del envejecimiento reproductor »,\r\nMadrid, 2001.\r\n[3] C. Varea, C. Bernis, P. Montero, S. Arias, A. Barroso , B. Gonzalez,\r\nSecular trend and intrapopulational variation in age at menopause in\r\nSpanish women. J. Biosoc. Sci., 32 (3): 383-393, 2000.\r\n[4] Margaret R.H. Nusbaum, R. Helton Margaret, R. Neepa, The changing\r\nnature of women’s sexual health concerns through the midlife years,\r\nMaturitas 49,283-291, 2004.\r\n[5] M. Lock, Menopause in cultural context, Exp Gerontol; 29: 307–317,\r\n1994.\r\n[6] L, Dennerstein, JL. Alexander & K. Kotz, The menopause and sexual\r\nfunctioning: a review of the population-based studies, Annual Rev Sex\r\nRes 14: 64–82, 2000.\r\n[7] PM. Sarrel. Sexuality and menopause. Obstet Gynecol;75(4):265–\r\n305,1995.\r\n[8] MR. Soules, S. Sherman, E. Parrott, and al., Executive summary: stages\r\nof reproductive aging workshop (STRAW). J Women’s Health Genderbased\r\nMed, vol 10 , 2001.\r\n[9] M. González, G. Viáfara, F. Caba, E. Molina, Sexual function,\r\nmenopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) , Maturitas ,48,\r\n411–420, 2004.\r\n[10] H.B. Yang\u0131n, G. AK Sozer, N. Sengun, K. Kukulu, The relationship\r\nbetween depression and sexual function in menopause period, Maturitas\r\n61 (2008) 233–237.\r\n[11] M .Loukid . Vieillissement reproducteur d’une population feminine de la\r\nville de Marrakech (MAROC) : Approche anthropobiologique, Thèse de\r\ndoctorat d’état es-sciences. 2007.\r\n[12] C. M. Obermeyer, M. Schulein, N. Hajji, M. Azelmat, Menopause in\r\nMorocco: symptomatology and medical management. Maturitas, 41 (2):\r\n87-95, 2002.\r\n[13] JR. Guthrie, L. Dennerstein, JR. Taffe, et al. The menopausal transition:\r\n9 year prospective population-based study. The Melbourne Women’s\r\nMidlife Health Project. Climacteric, 7:375–89, 2004.\r\n[14] Leiblum, R. Sandra, Sexuality and the midlife woman. Psychology of\r\nWomen Quarterly 14:495- 508, 1990.\r\n[15] Morokoff, J. Patricia, Sexuality in perimenopausal and postmenopausal\r\nwomen. Psychology of Women Quarterly 12:489-511, 1988.\r\n[16] Barbach, Lonnie, The pause: A closer look at menopause and sexuality,\r\nS iecus Report 21 (5): 1-5, 1993a,\r\n[17] Deeks, A. Amanda and Marita McCabe, Sexual function and the\r\nmenopausal woman: The importance of age and partner's sexual\r\nfunctioning. Journal of Sex Research 38 (3): 219-25, 2001.\r\n[18] N.E. Avis, X. Zhao, C.B. Johannes, M. Ory, S. Brockwell, G.A.\r\nGreendale Correlates of sexual function among multi-ethnic middleaged\r\nwomen: results from the Study of Women's Health across the\r\nNation (SWAN), Menopause, 12, pp. 385–398, 2005.\r\n[19] R.E. Nappi, F. Veneroni, J. Baldaro Verde et al. Climacteric complaints,\r\nfemale identity, and sexual dysfunctions J Sex Marital Ther, 27, pp.\r\n567–576, 2001.<\/p>\r\n","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 81, 2013"}

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