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The larger top electrode of the asymmetric" /> <title>(PDF) AC electro-osmotic micromixer using a face-to-face, asymmetric pair of planar electrodes | Jhih-Lin Chen - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/32257415/AC_electro_osmotic_micromixer_using_a_face_to_face_asymmetric_pair_of_planar_electrodes" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '39314d9bcf4522f48eeb027cf31da0a13496d2ce'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733906284000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733906284000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This paper is the first to report the mixing performance of an AC electro-osmotic (AC-EO) micromixer based on the two sets of vortices generated by a face-to-face, asymmetric pair of planar electrodes. The larger top electrode of the asymmetric electrode pair was rectangular (30 × 60 mm2) and the much smaller bottom electrode was also rectangular (500 × 700 μm2) and featured two protrusions. Due to the highly three-dimensional flow pattern generated by the unique shape of the face-to-face electrode pair, the mixing enhancement factor (mixing time by diffusion/mixing time by the micromixer) exhibited by the reported micromixer ranged from 290 to 360 and the mixing performance values were uniform across the entire height of the fluid cavity. The usefulness of the mixer in hybridizing single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acids and mixing Escherichia coli with RNA stains was also demonstrated experimentally. A numerical investigation was conducted to study the three-dimensional AC-EO flow patterns induced by the face-to-face, asymmetric electrode pair. This analysis made it possible to identify a detailed flow pattern and the formation mechanism of the vortices. The confluence of inward AC-EO flows from the edges of the bottom-electrode protrusion locally induced a large inward-pumping force and was responsible for the formation of the four vortices at the four corners of the bottom electrode. The numerical and experimental results of this research provide information that will be useful in future applications and research in the area of microfluidic manipulation.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Jhih-Lin Chen"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2017-04-04","dateModified":"2019-01-16","datePublished":"2013-01-01","headline":"AC electro-osmotic micromixer using a face-to-face, asymmetric pair of planar electrodes","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"DOI","value":"10.1016/j.snb.2013.07.012"},"image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53893082/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Materials Engineering","Analytical Chemistry"],"publication":"Sensors and Actuators B: 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= false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":32257415,"created_at":"2017-04-04T14:59:37.053-07:00","from_world_paper_id":161673067,"updated_at":"2021-01-16T16:46:25.927-08:00","_data":{"doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2013.07.012","volume":"188","abstract":"This paper is the first to report the mixing performance of an AC electro-osmotic (AC-EO) micromixer based on the two sets of vortices generated by a face-to-face, asymmetric pair of planar electrodes. The larger top electrode of the asymmetric electrode pair was rectangular (30 × 60 mm2) and the much smaller bottom electrode was also rectangular (500 × 700 μm2) and featured two protrusions. Due to the highly three-dimensional flow pattern generated by the unique shape of the face-to-face electrode pair, the mixing enhancement factor (mixing time by diffusion/mixing time by the micromixer) exhibited by the reported micromixer ranged from 290 to 360 and the mixing performance values were uniform across the entire height of the fluid cavity. The usefulness of the mixer in hybridizing single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acids and mixing Escherichia coli with RNA stains was also demonstrated experimentally. A numerical investigation was conducted to study the three-dimensional AC-EO flow patterns induced by the face-to-face, asymmetric electrode pair. This analysis made it possible to identify a detailed flow pattern and the formation mechanism of the vortices. The confluence of inward AC-EO flows from the edges of the bottom-electrode protrusion locally induced a large inward-pumping force and was responsible for the formation of the four vortices at the four corners of the bottom electrode. The numerical and experimental results of this research provide information that will be useful in future applications and research in the area of microfluidic manipulation.","page_numbers":"11-21","publication_date":"2013,,","publication_name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"AC electro-osmotic micromixer using a face-to-face, asymmetric pair of planar electrodes","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [4341848]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":53893082,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “AC electro-osmotic micromixer using a face-to-face, asymmetric pair of planar electrodes”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/53893082/mini_magick20220702-597-t6447s.png?1656809371" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">AC electro-osmotic micromixer using a face-to-face, asymmetric pair of planar electrodes</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4341848" href="https://ccu-tw.academia.edu/JhihLinChen"><img alt="Profile image of Jhih-Lin Chen" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4341848/1745530/2088349/s65_jhih-lin.chen.jpg" />Jhih-Lin Chen</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2013, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This paper is the first to report the mixing performance of an AC electro-osmotic (AC-EO) micromixer based on the two sets of vortices generated by a face-to-face, asymmetric pair of planar electrodes. The larger top electrode of the asymmetric electrode pair was rectangular (30 × 60 mm2) and the much smaller bottom electrode was also rectangular (500 × 700 μm2) and featured two protrusions. Due to the highly three-dimensional flow pattern generated by the unique shape of the face-to-face electrode pair, the mixing enhancement factor (mixing time by diffusion/mixing time by the micromixer) exhibited by the reported micromixer ranged from 290 to 360 and the mixing performance values were uniform across the entire height of the fluid cavity. The usefulness of the mixer in hybridizing single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acids and mixing Escherichia coli with RNA stains was also demonstrated experimentally. A numerical investigation was conducted to study the three-dimensional AC-EO flow patterns induced by the face-to-face, asymmetric electrode pair. This analysis made it possible to identify a detailed flow pattern and the formation mechanism of the vortices. The confluence of inward AC-EO flows from the edges of the bottom-electrode protrusion locally induced a large inward-pumping force and was responsible for the formation of the four vortices at the four corners of the bottom electrode. The numerical and experimental results of this research provide information that will be useful in future applications and research in the area of microfluidic manipulation.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":53893082,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/32257415/AC_electro_osmotic_micromixer_using_a_face_to_face_asymmetric_pair_of_planar_electrodes"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":53893082,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/32257415/AC_electro_osmotic_micromixer_using_a_face_to_face_asymmetric_pair_of_planar_electrodes"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="53893082" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/32257415/AC_electro_osmotic_micromixer_using_a_face_to_face_asymmetric_pair_of_planar_electrodes" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="24001368" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24001368/A_Survey_of_Microchannel_Geometries_for_Mixing_of_Species_in_Biomicrofluidics">A Survey of Microchannel Geometries for Mixing of Species in Biomicrofluidics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3041764" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrancescoMastrangelo">Francesco Mastrangelo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Microfluidics is changing the way modern biology is performed and is becoming a key technology in the field of micro arrays, DNA sequencing, and Lab on a Chip applications. Microsystems, being compact in size, disposable, and ensuring high speed of analysis using decreased sample volumes, allow to replace large-scale conventional laboratory instrumentation with miniaturized devices, reducing hardware costs, and assuring low reagent consumption and faster analysis. At the microscale mixing of species becomes crucial to i) improve the effectiveness of and ii) speed up chemical reactions, but it is often critical to be achieved, since microfluidics is characterized mainly by very low Reynolds flows, and cannot take advantage of turbulence in order to enhance mixing. Hence, given that diffusiondriven mixing in very low Reynolds number flow regimes is characterized by long time scales, methods for enhancing the rate of the mixing process are essential in microfluidics. In order to enhance mixing, several techniques have been developed. In general, mixing strategies can be classified as either active or passive, according to the operational mechanism. Active mixers employ external forces in order to perform mixing, so that actuation system must be embedded into the microchips. On the contrary, passive mixers avoid resorting to external electrical or mechanical sources by exploiting characteristics of specific flow fields in microchannel geometries to mix species, offering the advantage to be easy to be produced and integrated. In this work, a survey of the passive micromixing solutions currently adopted is presented. In detail, the most widely used microchannel geometries and the metrics used to quantify mixing effectiveness in microfluidic applications are discussed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Survey of Microchannel Geometries for Mixing of Species in Biomicrofluidics","attachmentId":44386300,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24001368/A_Survey_of_Microchannel_Geometries_for_Mixing_of_Species_in_Biomicrofluidics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24001368/A_Survey_of_Microchannel_Geometries_for_Mixing_of_Species_in_Biomicrofluidics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="3161401" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3161401/Fundamentals_and_applications_of_microfluidics">Fundamentals and applications of microfluidics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3611560" href="https://maricopa.academia.edu/NamNguyen">Nam Nguyen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fundamentals and applications of microfluidics","attachmentId":31061058,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3161401/Fundamentals_and_applications_of_microfluidics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3161401/Fundamentals_and_applications_of_microfluidics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="77679077" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77679077/ORIGINAL_ARTICLES_Numerical_Simulation_of_Microfluidic_Devices">ORIGINAL ARTICLES Numerical Simulation of Microfluidic Devices</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6382388" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TijjaniAdam">Tijjani Adam</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Because of the sizes and the capabilities, the Microfluidic devices has got the spectacular attention with a number of significant advantages. Microfluidics devices refer to a set of technologies that control the flow of liquids or gases typically measured in a miniaturized system. This review aims at summarizing three important components in Microfluidic devices that are Micromixer, Microchannel and Microchamber in fluid handling capabilities. Investigations in recent five years using Micromixer either using active or passive mechanisms of fluid manipulation for mixing will were elaborated. The Microchannel mixing either with laminar flow and turbulent flow experiment were also elaborated. Lastly, the applications of Microchamber as a component part in Microfluidic devices also reviewed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ORIGINAL ARTICLES Numerical Simulation of Microfluidic Devices","attachmentId":84983915,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77679077/ORIGINAL_ARTICLES_Numerical_Simulation_of_Microfluidic_Devices","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77679077/ORIGINAL_ARTICLES_Numerical_Simulation_of_Microfluidic_Devices"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="19008728" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19008728/Microfluidic_mixing_via_transverse_electrokinetic_effects_in_a_planar_microchannel">Microfluidic mixing via transverse electrokinetic effects in a planar microchannel</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39159188" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidDandy">David Dandy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A new micromixer incorporating integrated electrodes deposited on the bottom surface of a glass/ PDMS microchannel is used to induce a localized, perpendicular electric field within pressure driven axial flow. The presence of the electric field drives electro-osmotic flow in the transverse direction along the channel walls, creating helical motion that serves to mix the fluid. A numerical model is used to describe the three-dimensional flow field, where characterization is performed via particle tracking of passive tracer particles, and the conditional entropy (S lc ) is utilized to approximate the extent of mixing along cross-sectional planes. The geometrical parameters and operating conditions of the numerical model are used to fabricate an experimental device, and fluorescence microscopy measurements are used to verify mixing of rhodamine B across the width of the microchannel for a wide range of fluid flow rates. The results demonstrate that under certain operating conditions and selective placement of the electrode gaps along the width of the microchannel, efficient mixing can be achieved within 6 mm of the inlet.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Microfluidic mixing via transverse electrokinetic effects in a planar microchannel","attachmentId":40379310,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19008728/Microfluidic_mixing_via_transverse_electrokinetic_effects_in_a_planar_microchannel","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19008728/Microfluidic_mixing_via_transverse_electrokinetic_effects_in_a_planar_microchannel"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="117239379" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117239379/An_Enhanced_Electroosmotic_Micromixer_with_an_Efficient_Asymmetric_Lateral_Structure">An Enhanced Electroosmotic Micromixer with an Efficient Asymmetric Lateral Structure</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42451119" href="https://pledco.academia.edu/TengZhou">Teng Zhou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Micromachines, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Homogeneous and rapid mixing in microfluidic devices is difficult to accomplish, owing to the low Reynolds number associated with most flows in microfluidic channels. Here, an efficient electroosmotic micromixer based on a carefully designed lateral structure is demonstrated. The electroosmotic flow in this mixer with an asymmetrical structure induces enhanced disturbance in the micro channel, helping the fluid streams' folding and stretching, thereby enabling appreciable mixing. Quantitative analysis of the mixing efficiency with respect to the potential applied and the flow rate suggests that the electroosmotic microfluidic mixer developed in the present work can achieve efficient mixing with low applied potential.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Enhanced Electroosmotic Micromixer with an Efficient Asymmetric Lateral Structure","attachmentId":113148620,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117239379/An_Enhanced_Electroosmotic_Micromixer_with_an_Efficient_Asymmetric_Lateral_Structure","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117239379/An_Enhanced_Electroosmotic_Micromixer_with_an_Efficient_Asymmetric_Lateral_Structure"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="117239376" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117239376/A_Novel_Electroosmotic_Micromixer_with_Asymmetric_Lateral_Structures_and_DC_Electrode_Arrays">A Novel Electroosmotic Micromixer with Asymmetric Lateral Structures and DC Electrode Arrays</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42451119" href="https://pledco.academia.edu/TengZhou">Teng Zhou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Micromachines, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We present a novel electroosmotic micromixer that consists of arrays of direct current (DC) asymmetric electrode and asymmetric lateral structures. By embedding asymmetric electrode arrays on the top and bottom walls of a rectangular microchannel appropriately, the flow perturbations and vortexes can be induced when a DC electric field is imposed. An efficient lateral structure is then sequentially combined with the rectangular microchannel, which enhances the mixing effect significantly. The effects of operational parameters such as the Reynolds number, the applied potential, and the Peclet number on the mixing performance are analyzed in detail by numerical simulations. The results indicate that an enhanced mixing performance can be achieved with low applied potential. The novel method proposed in this paper provides a simple solution for mixing in the field of micro-total-analysis systems.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Novel Electroosmotic Micromixer with Asymmetric Lateral Structures and DC Electrode Arrays","attachmentId":113148622,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117239376/A_Novel_Electroosmotic_Micromixer_with_Asymmetric_Lateral_Structures_and_DC_Electrode_Arrays","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117239376/A_Novel_Electroosmotic_Micromixer_with_Asymmetric_Lateral_Structures_and_DC_Electrode_Arrays"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="115158042" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115158042/Editorial_for_the_Special_Issue_on_the_Insights_and_Advancements_in_Microfluidics">Editorial for the Special Issue on the Insights and Advancements in Microfluidics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="189707236" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HengXi">Heng Xi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Micromachines, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We present a total of 19 articles in this special issue of Micromachines entitled, "Insights and Advancements in Microfluidics." Among the 19 articles, two perspectives, eight reviews, and nine research articles were solicited from leading researchers, pioneers, and emerging investigators. The topics covered in this issue ranges from biology, chemistry, and physics to the intersection of engineering, optics, and material sciences. As editors for this issue, we are both gratified and extremely thankful for the overwhelming responses and contributions from our fellow colleagues within the field of microfluidics. The special issue is themed to provide both insights and advancements in microfluidics. This well-timed issue touches on a field which has evolved tremendously in the last few decades. Professor Yanyi Huang from Peking University of China provided his unique insight and perspective on digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [1]. In his article, an informative guide was provided on the proper designing rules of digital PCR at the micro-scale. Professor Guoqing Hu from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, provided his astute insights and perspective on particle manipulation based on hydrodynamic effect [2]. His article summarizes both the progress and fundamental mechanisms in particle manipulation using elasto-inertial microfluidics. In the eight reviews articles, different branches and sub-branches of microfluidics were presented and comprehensively reviewed. These include microfluidic sensing, liquid handling, optofluidics, the use of microfluidics in cytotoxicity, Janus micro-motors, single-cell impedance cytometry, droplets, and polymer microfluidics. We were extremely fortunate to receive contributions from both Professor Dongqing Li and Professor Nam-Trung Nguyen. Both are leading pioneers and extraordinary visionary leaders in the field of microfluidics. Professor Li et al. [3] reviewed the basic theories in both microfluidic and nanofluidic resistive pulse sensing (RPS). His article focuses on the latest developments in the last six years. Future research direction and challenges in this area are also outlined in the review. Professor Nguyen et al. [4] discussed the recent advances and future perspective on microfluidic liquid handling. The first part of the review covers two main and opposing applications of liquid handling in continuous-flow microfluidics: mixing and separation. The second part focuses on various digital microfluidic strategies based on both droplets and liquid marbles. The applications of the emerging field of liquid-marble-based digital microfluidics are also highlighted in the article. Song et al. [5] provided an overview on the recent development of optofluidics. They discussed the critical challenges that hamper the transformation of optofluidic technologies from lab-based procedures to practical usages and commercialization. Priest et al. [6] reviewed the different microfluidic chips that can used for toxicity screening. Li et al. [7] discussed the self-propulsion of a platinum-silica (Pt-SiO 2) spherical Janus micro-motor (JM). Their paper reviews</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Editorial for the Special Issue on the Insights and Advancements in Microfluidics","attachmentId":111648359,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115158042/Editorial_for_the_Special_Issue_on_the_Insights_and_Advancements_in_Microfluidics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115158042/Editorial_for_the_Special_Issue_on_the_Insights_and_Advancements_in_Microfluidics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="19008754" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19008754/Active_microfluidic_mixing_based_on_transverse_electro_osmotic_flows">Active microfluidic mixing based on transverse electro-osmotic flows</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39159188" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidDandy">David Dandy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A new micromixer incorporating integrated electrodes deposited on the bottom surface of a glass/ PDMS microchannel is used to induce a localized, perpendicular electric field within pressure driven axial flow. The presence of the electric field drives electro-osmotic flow in the transverse direction along the channel walls, creating helical motion that serves to mix the fluid. A numerical model is used to describe the three-dimensional flow field, where characterization is performed via particle tracking of passive tracer particles, and the conditional entropy (S lc ) is utilized to approximate the extent of mixing along cross-sectional planes. The geometrical parameters and operating conditions of the numerical model are used to fabricate an experimental device, and fluorescence microscopy measurements are used to verify mixing of rhodamine B across the width of the microchannel for a wide range of fluid flow rates. The results demonstrate that under certain operating conditions and selective placement of the electrode gaps along the width of the microchannel, efficient mixing can be achieved within 6 mm of the inlet.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Active microfluidic mixing based on transverse electro-osmotic flows","attachmentId":40379319,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19008754/Active_microfluidic_mixing_based_on_transverse_electro_osmotic_flows","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19008754/Active_microfluidic_mixing_based_on_transverse_electro_osmotic_flows"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="2606128" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2606128/An_overview_of_microfluidic_mixing_application">An overview of microfluidic mixing application</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3343113" href="https://dcu.academia.edu/DermotBrabazon">Dermot Brabazon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Advanced Materials Research, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An overview of microfluidic mixing application","attachmentId":30616718,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2606128/An_overview_of_microfluidic_mixing_application","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2606128/An_overview_of_microfluidic_mixing_application"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="76752474" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76752474/Mixing_Mechanism_of_Microfluidic_Mixer_with_Staggered_Virtual_Electrode_Based_on_Light_Actuated_AC_Electroosmosis">Mixing Mechanism of Microfluidic Mixer with Staggered Virtual Electrode Based on Light-Actuated AC Electroosmosis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42451119" href="https://pledco.academia.edu/TengZhou">Teng Zhou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Micromachines, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this paper, we present a novel microfluidic mixer with staggered virtual electrode based on light-actuated AC electroosmosis (LACE). We solve the coupled system of the flow field described by Navier–Stokes equations, the described electric field by a Laplace equation, and the concentration field described by a convection–diffusion equation via a finite-element method (FEM). Moreover, we study the distribution of the flow, electric, and concentration fields in the microchannel, and reveal the generating mechanism of the rotating vortex on the cross-section of the microchannel and the mixing mechanism of the fluid sample. We also explore the influence of several key geometric parameters such as the length, width, and spacing of the virtual electrode, and the height of the microchannel on mixing performance; the relatively optimal mixer structure is thus obtained. The current micromixer provides a favorable fluid-mixing method based on an optical virtual electrode, and could promote...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mixing Mechanism of Microfluidic Mixer with Staggered Virtual Electrode Based on Light-Actuated AC Electroosmosis","attachmentId":84351648,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76752474/Mixing_Mechanism_of_Microfluidic_Mixer_with_Staggered_Virtual_Electrode_Based_on_Light_Actuated_AC_Electroosmosis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76752474/Mixing_Mechanism_of_Microfluidic_Mixer_with_Staggered_Virtual_Electrode_Based_on_Light_Actuated_AC_Electroosmosis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":53893082,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":53893082,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_53893082" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="3185678" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3185678/Application_and_Manufacturing_of_Microfluidic_Devices_Review">Application and Manufacturing of Microfluidic Devices: Review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="914629" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IJMEREditor">IJMER Journal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IJMER</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Bioscience-landmark, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fundamental principles and applications of microfluidic systems","attachmentId":48189254,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8188720/Fundamental_principles_and_applications_of_microfluidic_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8188720/Fundamental_principles_and_applications_of_microfluidic_systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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