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href="https://yrise.yale.edu/evidence-aggregation-and-external-validity/">Evidence Aggregation and External Validity</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1255"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/spillover-network-and-equilibrium-effects/">Spillover, Network, and Equilibrium Effects of Policy Interventions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1254"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/macro-growth-and-welfare-effects/">Macro, Growth and Welfare Effects of Policy Interventions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-1735"><a href="#">Research</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1739"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/featured-projects/">Featured Projects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-1618 current_page_item menu-item-1738"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/affiliate-research/">Affiliate Research</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1737"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/policy-briefs/">Policy Briefs</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2300"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/covid-19/">Covid-19</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2306"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/covid-19/policy-briefs/">Policy Briefs</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2420"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/covid-19/policy-response/">Policy Response</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2303"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/covid-19/resources-for-researchers/">Resources for Researchers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2301"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/covid-19/events/">Events</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2302"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/covid-19/media/">Media</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1993"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/people/">People</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1732"><a href="#">Partners</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2736"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/steg/">STEG</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2996"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/brac/">BRAC</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1733"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/innovations-for-poverty-action-bangladesh/">Innovations for Poverty Action</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1903"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/abdul-latif-jameel-poverty-action-lab/">Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2829"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/media/">Media</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2962"><a href="https://yrise.yale.edu/careers/">Careers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </header> </div>  <div id="yrise-content-container"> <div id="yrise-content"> <article id="post-1618"> <div class="elementor elementor-1618"> <div class="elementor-inner"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section data-id="789890b" class="elementor-element elementor-element-789890b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="576a3d2" class="elementor-element elementor-element-576a3d2 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="976ecb6" class="elementor-element elementor-element-976ecb6 yrise-no-bottom-margin yrise-research-intro-text elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p>Here are some publicly available research papers, briefs and datasets relevant to the science of scaling produced by members of our research networks.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="0e39f96" class="elementor-element elementor-element-0e39f96 yrise-mallory-text yrise-mobile-tap-text elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p>Tap Icon for Details</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-id="23547a4" class="elementor-element elementor-element-23547a4 yrise-research-icon-column-section elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" id="yrise-research-menu" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="2d49cb5" class="elementor-element elementor-element-2d49cb5 yrise-research-icon-column elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="1461566" class="elementor-element elementor-element-1461566 yrise-no-bottom-margin elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-element_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <img src="https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/featured-projects-icon-oq71ey25g9j29j18qplsfpu9tj8nmc1scso1ydldra.png" title="featured-projects-icon" alt="featured-projects-icon" /> </div> </div> </div> <div data-id="fcd589b" class="elementor-element elementor-element-fcd589b yrise-no-bottom-margin elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-element_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="/featured-projects">Featured Projects</a></h4> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-id="b40bbaa" class="elementor-element elementor-element-b40bbaa yrise-research-icon-column yrise-research-icon-two elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="b41353d" class="elementor-element elementor-element-b41353d yrise-no-bottom-margin elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-element_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <img src="https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/affiliate-research-icon-crp-oq71ey25g9ir0ehvuvbxqt4rlx3cf3gmxdn8u905oe.png" title="affiliate-research-icon-crp" alt="affiliate-research-icon-crp" /> </div> </div> </div> <div data-id="5db9f01" class="elementor-element elementor-element-5db9f01 yrise-no-bottom-margin elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-element_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Affiliate Research</h4> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-id="babccb5" class="elementor-element elementor-element-babccb5 yrise-research-icon-column yrise-research-icon-three elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="7c9e021" class="elementor-element elementor-element-7c9e021 yrise-no-bottom-margin elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-element_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <img src="https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/policy-briefs-icon-oq71ey25hkvtquf625lhya0tff9kfvedfbtgri4fd0.png" title="policy-briefs-icon" alt="policy-briefs-icon" /> </div> </div> </div> <div data-id="327f273" class="elementor-element elementor-element-327f273 yrise-no-bottom-margin elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-element_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="/policy-briefs">Policy Briefs</a></h4> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-id="cfb8a1c" class="elementor-element elementor-element-cfb8a1c yrise-research-icon-column yrise-research-icon-four elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="e00b22a" class="elementor-element elementor-element-e00b22a yrise-no-bottom-margin elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-element_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <img src="https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/datasets-crp-oq71ey25knec4jktv5jt3pflo9o35ol397jz93eds8.png" title="datasets-crp" alt="datasets-crp" /> </div> </div> </div> <div data-id="6ade68f" class="elementor-element elementor-element-6ade68f yrise-no-bottom-margin elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-element_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="/datasets">Datasets</a></h4> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-id="fb560fe" class="elementor-element elementor-element-fb560fe yrise-fixed-research-section elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" id="yrise-affiliate-research-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="3742de2" class="elementor-element elementor-element-3742de2 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <section data-id="d81e03b" class="elementor-element elementor-element-d81e03b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-inner-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="cb6802b" class="elementor-element elementor-element-cb6802b elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="5c61067" class="elementor-element elementor-element-5c61067 yrise-page-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-element_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Affiliate Research</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-id="da4fa74" class="elementor-element elementor-element-da4fa74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-inner-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="a0f3f99" class="elementor-element elementor-element-a0f3f99 yrise-research-theme-icon-column elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="2af54ad" class="elementor-element elementor-element-2af54ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-element_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <img src="https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/political_economy_icon_rp_crp-oq71ey25mucj089awjqgr4o0z4vef3j58kctvl5yrg.png" title="political_economy_icon_rp_crp" alt="political_economy_icon_rp_crp" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-id="661a5b1" class="elementor-element elementor-element-661a5b1 yrise-research-theme-name-column elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="382cd44" class="elementor-element elementor-element-382cd44 yrise-mallory-text yrise-no-bottom-margin yrise-research-theme-name elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><a href="/political-economy-effects/"><strong>Political Economy Effects</strong></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-id="f0e6cff" class="elementor-element elementor-element-f0e6cff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-inner-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="fdb00af" class="elementor-element elementor-element-fdb00af elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="289d3ee" class="elementor-element elementor-element-289d3ee yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>De Janvry, A., Finan, F., and Sadoulet, E., 2012.</strong> <a href="https://eml.berkeley.edu/~ffinan/Finan_Bolsa.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Local Electoral Incentives and Decentralized Program Performance.</a> , The Review of Economics and Statistics. 94(3): 672-685.</p><p>The impacts of a conditional cash transfer program in Brazil was 36% larger in reducing school drop-out rates in municipalities governed by mayors who faced reelection possibilities, compared to those with lame-duck mayors.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="fa2d02d" class="elementor-element elementor-element-fa2d02d yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Guiteras, R., Mobarak, A., 2016.</strong> <a href="https://spinup-000d1a-wp-offload-media.s3.amazonaws.com/faculty/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2019/06/Sanitation_politics.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Does Development Aid Undermine Political Accountability? Leader and Constituent Responses to a Large-Scale Interventin”,</a> Working Paper.</p><p>When a village leader’s role in providing an externally-funded, randomly assigned, sanitation program is not clear to constituents, treated constituents attribute credit for the program to their leader. Leaders attempt to both claim credit, and signal their ability by exerting more effort.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="ea943b9" class="elementor-element elementor-element-ea943b9 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Padro i Miquel, G., Qian,N., Yao,Y. 2012.</strong> <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w18633.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Social Fragmentation, Public Goods and Elections: Evidence from China.</a> Working Paper.</p><p>Religious fractionalization in villages leads to less public good expenditures when elections are introduced — indicating that voter heterogeneity can affect the implementation of programs.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-id="349cbf8" class="elementor-element elementor-element-349cbf8 yrise-fixed-research-section elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="37caf38" class="elementor-element elementor-element-37caf38 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <section data-id="e37106c" class="elementor-element elementor-element-e37106c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-inner-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="52f0cbe" class="elementor-element elementor-element-52f0cbe yrise-research-theme-icon-column elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="d2a90e6" class="elementor-element elementor-element-d2a90e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-element_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <img src="https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/evidence_action_rp_icon_crp-oq71ey25mucj089awjqgr4o0z4vef3j58kctvl5yrg.png" title="evidence_action_rp_icon_crp" alt="evidence_action_rp_icon_crp" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-id="72cacba" class="elementor-element elementor-element-72cacba yrise-research-theme-name-column elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="45889fd" class="elementor-element elementor-element-45889fd yrise-mallory-text yrise-no-bottom-margin yrise-research-theme-name yrise-theme-two elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><strong><a href="/evidence-aggregation-and-external-validity/">Evidence Aggregation and External Validity</a> </strong></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-id="aad704c" class="elementor-element elementor-element-aad704c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-inner-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="539bc29" class="elementor-element elementor-element-539bc29 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="10d0031" class="elementor-element elementor-element-10d0031 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Chassang, S., i Miquel,G., and Snowberg, E., 2012</strong>. <a href="http://personal.lse.ac.uk/padro/published-papers/selectiveTrials_final.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Selective Trials: A Principal-Agent Approach to Randomized Controlled Experiments.</a> American Economic Review, 102 (4): 1279-1309.</p><p>Selective trials can disentangle the effects of treatment, and unobserved effort decisions taken by experimental subjects — which helps improve external validity.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="0e3d582" class="elementor-element elementor-element-0e3d582 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Heckman, J., Vytlacil, E., 2005</strong>. <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w11259.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Structural Equations, Treatment Effects, and Econometric Policy Evaluation.</a> Econometrica, 73(3): 669-738</p><p>Authors use the marginal treatment effect (MTE) to unify different treatment parameters and constructs and compares alternative policy relevant treatment effects, thus providing a bridge between structural and treatment effect parameters.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="856f2c1" class="elementor-element elementor-element-856f2c1 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Rosenzweig, M., Udry, C., 2016.</strong> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/restud/article-abstract/87/1/343/5419862" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Evidence Validity in a Stochastic World.</a> The Review of Economic Studies, 87 (1): 343–381.</p><p>The returns to investments in agriculture and enterprises have significant inter-temporal variability due to exogenous macro-level shocks. The lower-bound confidence intervals of this variability are substantially wider than those solely on sampling error from single-year samples.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-id="168641b" class="elementor-element elementor-element-168641b yrise-fixed-research-section elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="58230b0" class="elementor-element elementor-element-58230b0 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <section data-id="17948f5" class="elementor-element elementor-element-17948f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-inner-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="4944c7f" class="elementor-element elementor-element-4944c7f yrise-research-theme-icon-column elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="855a263" class="elementor-element elementor-element-855a263 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-element_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <img src="https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/spillover_icon_rp_crp-oq71ey25mucj089awjqgr4o0z4vef3j58kctvl5yrg.png" title="spillover_icon_rp_crp" alt="spillover_icon_rp_crp" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-id="442d390" class="elementor-element elementor-element-442d390 yrise-research-theme-name-column elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="2b15157" class="elementor-element elementor-element-2b15157 yrise-mallory-text yrise-no-bottom-margin yrise-research-theme-name yrise-theme-three elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><strong><a href="/spillover-network-and-equilibrium-effects/">Spillover, Network, and Equilibrium Effects</a> </strong></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-id="51146d3" class="elementor-element elementor-element-51146d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-inner-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="ea2e727" class="elementor-element elementor-element-ea2e727 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="fda89d6" class="elementor-element elementor-element-fda89d6 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Akram, A., Chowdhury, S., and Mobarak, A., 2017.</strong> <a href="http://faculty.som.yale.edu/mushfiqmobarak/papers/MigrationGE.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Effects of Emigration on Rural Labor Markets”</a>, Working Paper.</p><p>Emigration increases rural employment and wages for non-migrants. Unsubsidized households are more likely to migrate if more people in their village receive migration subsidies.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="586dd59" class="elementor-element elementor-element-586dd59 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Beaman, BenYishay, A. , Magruder, and Mobarak, A., 2015.</strong> <a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20200295" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Can Network Theory based Targeting Increase Technology Adoption?”</a>. American Economic Review, 111(6): 1918-43. </p><p>Introducing technologies to optimal households based on network theory increases technology diffusion. Both reduced form and structural estimates suggest most farmers need to learn about a technology from multiple people before they adopt.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="ef02f35" class="elementor-element elementor-element-ef02f35 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>BenYishay, A., Mobarak, A, 2018</strong>, <a href="https://academic.oup.com/restud/article-abstract/86/3/976/5061309" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Social Learning and Incentives for Experimentation and Communication,”</a> Review of Economic Studies, 86(3): 976-1009.<br />Farmers are most convinced to adopt new technology by other farmers with whom they share a group identity, or who face similar agricultural conditions.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="3d364b6" class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d364b6 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Guiteras, R., Levinsohn, J., and Mobarak, A. 2018</strong>, <a href="http://faculty.som.yale.edu/mushfiqmobarak/papers/Sanitation%20Strategic%20Complementarities.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Demand Estimation with Strategic <em>Co</em>mplementarities: Sanitation in Bangladesh.</a> Working Paper.</p><p>Latrine adoption by households in rural villages are strategic complements, and this effect appears to be driven by changing social norms. Simulations from a structural model predict the the optimal subsidy policies for encouraging adoption.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="c96f1e3" class="elementor-element elementor-element-c96f1e3 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Kaboski, Joseph P., and Robert M. Townsend. 2012.</strong><a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.4.2.98" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> “The Impact of Credit on Village Economies.”</a> American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 4 (2): 98-133.<br />Thailand’s ‘Million Baht Village Fund’ increased consumption, agricultural investment, income growth, and wages, while decreasing asset growth.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="fe79ae4" class="elementor-element elementor-element-fe79ae4 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Mobarak, A., Rosenzweig, M., 2013.</strong> <a href="http://faculty.som.yale.edu/mushfiqmobarak/papers/insuranceAER.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Informal Risk Sharing, Index Insurance, and Risk-Taking in Developing Countries,”</a> AER: Papers and Proceedings<br />When formal insurance carries basis risk it is a complement to informal insurance. Weather insurance to cultivators increases high-risk high-yield production decisions, which increases wage volatility for laborers.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="6e31cfd" class="elementor-element elementor-element-6e31cfd yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Munshi, K., & Rosenzweig, M. (2016).</strong> <a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20131365" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Networks and misallocation: Insurance, migration, and the rural-urban wage gap.</a> American Economic Review, 106(1): 46-98.<br />Caste-based rural insurance networks can disincentivize migration and contribute to urban-rural productivity differences. Structural estimates show that small improvements in formal insurance decrease the spatial misallocation of labor by substantially increasing migration.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-id="25a7c43" class="elementor-element elementor-element-25a7c43 yrise-fixed-research-section elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="673c1b4" class="elementor-element elementor-element-673c1b4 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <section data-id="dc528d4" class="elementor-element elementor-element-dc528d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-inner-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="8eaaf7f" class="elementor-element elementor-element-8eaaf7f yrise-research-theme-icon-column elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="4e1c0db" class="elementor-element elementor-element-4e1c0db elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-element_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <img src="https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/macro_icon_rp_crp-oq71ey25mucj089awjqgr4o0z4vef3j58kctvl5yrg.png" title="macro_icon_rp_crp" alt="macro_icon_rp_crp" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-id="bd90f30" class="elementor-element elementor-element-bd90f30 yrise-research-theme-name-column elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="117a3c0" class="elementor-element elementor-element-117a3c0 yrise-mallory-text yrise-no-bottom-margin yrise-research-theme-name yrise-theme-four elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><strong><a href="/macro-growth-and-welfare-effects/">Macro, Growth, and Welfare Effects</a> </strong></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-id="d07b8b1" class="elementor-element elementor-element-d07b8b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-inner-section" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-id="c3421b1" class="elementor-element elementor-element-c3421b1 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div data-id="62457d8" class="elementor-element elementor-element-62457d8 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Buera, F., Kaboski, J., Shin, Y., 2017.</strong> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/restud/article-abstract/88/1/126/5891672?redirectedFrom=fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“The Macroeconomics of Microfinance”.</a> <em>The Review of Economic Studies</em>, 88(1): 126–161.</p><p>A macroeconomic model, validated using the results of randomized evaluations, shows different partial and general equilibrium effects of microcredit. In the long-run, economy-wide microcredit lowers savings which raises interest rates, and increases welfare particularly for the poor and marginal entrepreneurs.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="8006110" class="elementor-element elementor-element-8006110 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Buera, F. J., Kaboski, J. P., & Shin, Y. (2017).</strong> <a href="https://www3.nd.edu/~jkaboski/BKS_NBER.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Taking stock of the evidence on micro-financial interventions.</a> In The Economics of Poverty Traps. University of Chicago Press.<br />Micro-financial interventions can help segments of the population increase their income and consumption, but there is little evidence that these interventions can lead to wide-scale, transformative impacts akin to escaping aggregate poverty traps.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="9cb8adc" class="elementor-element elementor-element-9cb8adc yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Buera, F., Kaboski, J., and Shin,Y., 2014.</strong> <a href="https://www3.nd.edu/~jkaboski/AssetGrantProgram_AEAPP.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Macro-perspective on Asset Grants Programs: Occupational and Wealth Mobility.”</a> American Economic Review, 104 (5): 159-64.<br />Provides a simple quantitative general equilibrium model of occupational choice with credit market frictions to analyze the aggregate and distributional effects of asset transfer programs. It finds that the impacts of such programs on the wealth distribution are short-lived.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="eaf9026" class="elementor-element elementor-element-eaf9026 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Kaboski, J., Lipscomb, M, and Midrigan, V., 2014.</strong> <a href="https://www3.nd.edu/~jkaboski/KLM_AEAPP_final.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“The Aggregate Impact of Household Saving and Borrowing Constraints: Designing a Field Experiment in Uganda.”</a> American Economic Review, 104 (5): 171-76.<br />Access to cash loans leads to short-term, transitory increases in output, consumption, and investment that dissipate in the little long-run. Conversely, access to asset-financed loans leads to lower shortrun benefits, but larger increases in investment, consumption, and entrepreneurship in the long-run.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="3999529" class="elementor-element elementor-element-3999529 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Kaboski, J. P., & Townsend, R. M. (2011).</strong> <a href="https://www3.nd.edu/~jkaboski/ECMA_Final.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A structural evaluation of a large-scale quasi-experimental microfinance initiative.</a> Econometrica, 79(5), 1357-1406.<br />Evaluates consumption and welfare impacts of a large-scale, exogenous, microcredit intervention and finds heterogeneous benefits amongst households and that the costs of the program exceed the sum of its benefits.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-id="32396b9" class="elementor-element elementor-element-32396b9 yrise-affiliate-research-item elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-element_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p><strong>Lagakos, D., Mobarak, A., and Waugh, M., 2017.</strong> <a href="http://faculty.som.yale.edu/MushfiqMobarak/papers/LMW%20%28Welfare%20Effects%20of%20Migration%29.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“The Welfare Effects of Encouraging Rural- Urban Migration”.</a> Econometrica, 91(3): 803-837.<br />A structural model that measures the net welfare effects of seasonal migration subsidies shows that the subsidies benefit mostly the extreme poor, and that the welfare gains are larger than those obtained from unconditional cash transfers.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div>  </div>  </div>  <footer id="yrise-footer"> <div class="yrise-container"> <div class="yrise-footer-column-one"> <div id="yrise-footer-logo"> <a href="https://yale.edu" target="_blank"><img src="https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/yrise/images/yale_newlogo_white.png" alt="yale_footer_logo"></a> </div> <div id="yrise-footer-copyright"> <p class="yale-copyright">Copyright © 2024 Yale University • All rights reserved • <a href="https://www.yale.edu/privacy-policy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a></span></p> </div> <div id="yrise-footer-macmillan"> <p>Y-RISE at the <a href="https://macmillan.yale.edu" target="_blank">Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale.</a></p> </div> <div id="yrise-footer-photo-credit-mobile"> <p>Photography by Stephanie Skinner (Evidence Action)</p> </div> </div> <div class="yrise-footer-column-two"> <div id="yrise-footer-photo-credit"> <p>Photography by Stephanie Skinner (Evidence Action)</p> </div> <div id="yrise-subscription-cta"> <p><a href="/contact/#yrise-subscription-form">Sign up for Updates</a></p> </div> <div class="yrise-footer-contact-link"> <p><a href="/contact">Contact Us</a></p> </div> <div id="yrise-footer-twitter"> <p class="yale-twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/YaleRISE" target="_blank"><img src="https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/yrise/images/yrise_twitter_icon.png"/>@YaleRISE</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div>  <script type='text/javascript' src='https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/yrise/js/theme_scripts.js?ver=2.4.2'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/yrise/js/yrise.js?ver=2.4.2'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=4.9.8'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=4.9.8'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/position.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/dialog/dialog.min.js?ver=4.5.0'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/waypoints/waypoints.min.js?ver=4.0.2'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/swiper.jquery.min.js?ver=4.4.3'></script> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var elementorFrontendConfig = {"isEditMode":"","is_rtl":"","breakpoints":{"xs":0,"sm":480,"md":768,"lg":1025,"xl":1440,"xxl":1600},"version":"2.2.7","urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/yrise.yale.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/"},"settings":{"page":[],"general":{"elementor_global_image_lightbox":"yes","elementor_enable_lightbox_in_editor":"yes"}},"post":{"id":1618,"title":"Affiliate Research","excerpt":""}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://yrise.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=2.2.7'></script> </body> </html>