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href="/2001/sw/wiki/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=RDF" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site" role="navigation"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">RDF</span></h1> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/RDF" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Talk:RDF" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change 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You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/RDF/history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/RDF"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/RDF/edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/RDF/history"><span>View history</span></a></li><li id="ca-purge" class="is-disabled mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/RDF/purge"><span>Refresh</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/RDF" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/RDF" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/index.php?title=RDF&oldid=4387" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/RDF/info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-smwbrowselink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:Browse/:RDF" rel="search"><span>Browse properties</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-client-prefs-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-smw-entity-examiner" class="mw-indicator"><div class="smw-entity-examiner smw-indicator-vertical-bar-loader" data-subject="RDF#0##" data-dir="ltr" data-uselang="" title="Running an examiner in the background"></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Semantic Web Standards</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><table style="background: #eeeeee; margin-bottom:2em; margin-right:1em; float:right"> <tbody><tr> <td><span style="float:right"><img src="https://www.w3.org/Icons/SW/Buttons/sw-rdf-blue.png" alt="sw-rdf-blue.png" /></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li>Publication date: 2014-02-25 (with a previous version published at: 2004-02-10)</li> <li>Created by: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2001/sw/#rdf">RDF Working Group</a></li> <li>List of documents at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/standards/techs/rdf">http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/rdf</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h1><span id="Resource_Description_Framework_.28RDF.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Resource_Description_Framework_(RDF)">Resource Description Framework (RDF)</span></h1> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</span></h2> <p>RDF is a standard model for data interchange on the Web. RDF has features that facilitate data merging even if the underlying schemas differ, and it specifically supports the evolution of schemas over time without requiring all the data consumers to be changed. </p><p>RDF extends the linking structure of the Web to use URIs to name the relationship between things as well as the two ends of the link (this is usually referred to as a “triple”). Using this simple model, it allows structured and semi-structured data to be mixed, exposed, and shared across different applications. </p><p>This linking structure forms a directed, labeled graph, where the edges represent the named link between two resources, represented by the graph nodes. This <i>graph view</i> is the easiest possible mental model for RDF and is often used in easy-to-understand visual explanations. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Recommended_Reading">Recommended Reading</span></h2> <p>The RDF 1.1 specification consists of a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/standards/techs/rdf">suite of W3C Recommendations</a> and Working Group Notes, published in 2014. This suite also includes an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">RDF Primer</a>. See also Tim Berners-Lee’s writings on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/">Web Design Issues</a>, including <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Metadata">Metadata Architecture</a>. Other technologies, like <a href="/2001/sw/wiki/OWL" title="OWL">OWL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/wiki/Main_Page">SKOS</a>, build on RDF and provide language for defining structured, Web-based ontologies which enable richer integration and interoperability of data among descriptive communities. </p><p>A number of textbooks have been published on RDF and on Semantic Web in general. Please, refer to a <a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Books" title="Books">separate page</a> listing some of those, as maintained by the community. That list also includes references to conference proceedings and article collections that might be of general interest. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Discussions_on_a_possible_next_version_of_RDF">Discussions on a possible next version of RDF</span></h2> <p>W3C has recently set up a new <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/wiki/Main_Page">RDF Working Group</a>, whose charter is to make a minor revision of RDF. </p> <h1><span class="mw-headline" id="Tools_that_are_listed_as_relevant_to_RDF">Tools that are listed as relevant to RDF</span></h1> <p>(Note that you can browse tools per <a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Category:Tool" title="Category:Tool">tool categories</a> or <a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Category:Programming_Language" title="Category:Programming Language">programming languages</a>, too.) </p> <h2><span id="Last_modified_and.2For_added"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Last_modified_and/or_added">Last modified and/or added</span></h2> <p>The description of the following tools have been added and/or modified most recently. </p> <ul class="smw-format ul-format"><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/RDFLib" title="RDFLib">RDFLib</a> (last modified: 23 September 2023)</li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Ontopic_Studio" title="Ontopic Studio">Ontopic Studio</a> (last modified: 23 June 2022)</li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Ontop" title="Ontop">Ontop</a> (last modified: 23 June 2022)</li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/XMP" title="XMP">XMP (ISO 16684)</a> (last modified: 16 June 2022)</li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Cowl" title="Cowl">Cowl</a> (last modified: 3 May 2022)</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="All_relevant_tools">All relevant tools</span></h2> <p>This is a list of all tools listed on this wiki, and that are marked as relevant to RDF. </p> <ul class="smw-format ul-format"><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/4store" title="4store">4store</a> (triple store). </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/ARC" title="ARC">outdated-ARC RDF Store</a> (triple store). Directly usable from PHP </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/AllegroGraph" title="AllegroGraph">AllegroGraph RDF Store</a> (programming environment, reasoner, triple store, development environment, rdfs reasoner). Directly usable from Java, LISP, Python, Prolog, C, Ruby, Perl </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Apache_Jena" title="Apache Jena">Apache Jena</a> (programming environment, reasoner, triple store, rdfs reasoner, rule reasoner, owl reasoner, parser). Directly usable from Java </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Cowl" title="Cowl">Cowl</a> (programming environment, parser). Directly usable from C, C++ </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Dojo.Data" title="Dojo.Data">Dojo.data</a> (programming environment, triple store). Directly usable from Javascript </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/EasyRdf" title="EasyRdf">EasyRdf</a> (programming environment). Directly usable from PHP </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/FOAF-o-matic" title="FOAF-o-matic">FOAF-o-matic</a> (rdf generator). </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/FRED" title="FRED">FRED</a> (rdf generator, tagging, knowledge graph extractor). </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Mobi" title="Mobi">Mobi</a> (programming environment, development environment). Directly usable from Java, Javascript </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Mulgara" title="Mulgara">Mulgara Semantic Store</a> (triple store). Directly usable from Java </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Ontop" title="Ontop">Ontop</a> (reasoner, rdfs reasoner, owl reasoner, rdf generator, sparql endpoint, rdb2rdf, converter). Directly usable from Java </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Ontopic_Studio" title="Ontopic Studio">Ontopic Studio</a> (reasoner, rdfs reasoner, owl reasoner, rdf generator, sparql endpoint, rdb2rdf, converter). </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/OpenLink_Virtuoso" title="OpenLink Virtuoso">OpenLink Virtuoso</a> (reasoner, triple store, rdfs reasoner, owl reasoner, rdf generator, sparql endpoint, rdb2rdf). Directly usable from Java, Python, C, Ruby, Perl, PHP, Javascript, C++, ActionScript, Tcl, Obj-C </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle Spatial and Graph 19c</a> (reasoner, triple store, owl reasoner). Directly usable from Java </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/RDFLib" title="RDFLib">RDFLib</a> (programming environment, triple store). Directly usable from Python </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/RDFox" title="RDFox">RDFox</a> (reasoner, triple store, rdfs reasoner, rule reasoner, owl reasoner). Directly usable from Java, C++ </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Redland" title="Redland">Redland RDF Application Framework</a> (programming environment). Directly usable from Java, Python, C, Ruby, Perl, PHP, Tcl, Obj-C, C-sharp </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/SemanticWorks" title="SemanticWorks">Altova's SemanticWorks</a> (editor, development environment). </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a> (programming environment, reasoner, triple store, rdfs reasoner, parser). Directly usable from Java, Python, PHP </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Spyder" title="Spyder">Spyder</a> (sparql endpoint, rdb2rdf). </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/TalisPlatform" title="TalisPlatform">Talis Platform</a> (triple store, sparql endpoint). </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/XDA" title="XDA">Experiment Design Automation (XDA)</a> (development environment). </li><li class="smw-row"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/XMP" title="XMP">XMP (ISO 16684)</a> (editor, development environment). </li></ul>    </div> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://www.w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/index.php?title=RDF&oldid=4387">https://www.w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/index.php?title=RDF&oldid=4387</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Category:Work" title="Category:Work">Work</a></li><li><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Category:Recommendation" title="Category:Recommendation">Recommendation</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="smw-tabs smw-factbox"><input id="tab-facts-list" class="nav-tab" type="radio" name="tabs" checked=""><label id="tab-label-facts-list" for="tab-facts-list" class="nav-label" title="Shows statements and facts that have been created by a user">Facts</label><section id="tab-content-facts-list"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="smwfact" style="display:block;"><div class="smwfactboxhead">... more about "<span class=""><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:Browse/:RDF" title="Special:Browse/:RDF">RDF</a></span>"</div><div class="smwrdflink"><span class="rdflink"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:ExportRDF/RDF" title="Special:ExportRDF/RDF">RDF feed</a></span></div><div class="smw-table smwfacttable"><div class="smw-table-row"><div class="smw-table-cell smwpropname"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Property:Creator" title="Property:Creator">Creator</a></div><div class="smw-table-cell smwprops"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2001/sw/#rdf">http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/#rdf</a> <span class="smwsearch"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:SearchByProperty/:Creator/http:-2F-2Fwww.w3.org-2F2001-2Fsw-2F-23rdf" title="Special:SearchByProperty/:Creator/http:-2F-2Fwww.w3.org-2F2001-2Fsw-2F-23rdf">+</a></span></div></div><div class="smw-table-row"><div class="smw-table-cell smwpropname"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Property:Description" title="Property:Description">Description</a></div><div class="smw-table-cell smwprops">RDF is a standard model for data interchange on the Web. <span class="smwsearch"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:SearchByProperty/:Description/RDF-20is-20a-20standard-20model-20for-20data-20interchange-20on-20the-20Web." title="Special:SearchByProperty/:Description/RDF-20is-20a-20standard-20model-20for-20data-20interchange-20on-20the-20Web.">+</a></span></div></div><div class="smw-table-row"><div class="smw-table-cell smwpropname"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Property:SameAs" title="Property:SameAs">SameAs</a></div><div class="smw-table-cell smwprops"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2002/01/tr-automation/techs#rdf">http://www.w3.org/2002/01/tr-automation/techs#rdf</a> <span class="smwsearch"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:SearchByProperty/:SameAs/http:-2F-2Fwww.w3.org-2F2002-2F01-2Ftr-2Dautomation-2Ftechs-23rdf" title="Special:SearchByProperty/:SameAs/http:-2F-2Fwww.w3.org-2F2002-2F01-2Ftr-2Dautomation-2Ftechs-23rdf">+</a></span></div></div><div class="smw-table-row"><div class="smw-table-cell smwpropname"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Property:SeeAlso" title="Property:SeeAlso">SeeAlso</a></div><div class="smw-table-cell smwprops"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/standards/techs/rdf">http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/rdf</a> <span class="smwsearch"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:SearchByProperty/:SeeAlso/http:-2F-2Fwww.w3.org-2Fstandards-2Ftechs-2Frdf" title="Special:SearchByProperty/:SeeAlso/http:-2F-2Fwww.w3.org-2Fstandards-2Ftechs-2Frdf">+</a></span></div></div><div class="smw-table-row"><div class="smw-table-cell smwspecname"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title=""Date" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent date values."><span class="smwbuiltin"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Property:Date" title="Property:Date">Date</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">"Date" is a <a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:Types/Date" title="Special:Types/Date">type</a> and predefined property provided by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Special_properties">Semantic MediaWiki</a> to represent date values.</span></span></div><div class="smw-table-cell smwspecs">February 25, 2014 <span class="smwsearch"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Special:SearchByProperty/:Date/25-20February-202014" title="Special:SearchByProperty/:Date/25-20February-202014">+</a></span></div></div></div></div></div></section></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 18:36.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Semantic_Web_Standards:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Semantic_Web_Standards:About">About Semantic Web Standards</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/2001/sw/wiki/Semantic_Web_Standards:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a 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