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周晓虹教授在《中国社会科学》发文探讨"改革开放与中国社会学重构的话语叙事"

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</title> </head> <style> </style> <body onselectstart="return false"> <div class="warp"> <!--hd --> <script src="/DFS//template/1945/images//hd.js"></script> <!-- lm-lb --> <div class="lm-lb"> <div class="lm-lb-center"> <div class="lm-lb-center-h3"> <h3></h3> </div> </div> </div> <!-- lm-byzhj--> <div class="wz"> <div class="wz-center"> <div class=" wz-right"> <!-- --> <div class="wz-right-top"> <div class="wz-left f-fl"> <h3>相关媒体报道</h3> </div> <ul class="f-fr"> <img class="home f-fl" src="/DFS//template/1945/images/home.png" alt=""> <li class="f-fl"><a href="/">首页</a></li> <li class="f-fl"><span>></span><a href="http://historymuseum.nju.edu.cn/xgmtbd/index.html">相关媒体报道</a></li> <div class="f-cb"></div> </ul> </div> <!-- --> <div class="wz-right-content"> <div class="wzy-h3"> <h3> 周晓虹教授在《中国社会科学》发文探讨&quot;改革开放与中国社会学重构的话语叙事&quot; </h3> <p> <span>发布于:2023-02-24   </span> <span>来源:https://news.nju.edu.cn/kjdt/20230213/i111802.html  </span> <span>文章阅读数:<script type="text/javascript" src="/njdx/front/ui/visit/pv.js?s=121&c=10370"></script></span> </p> </div> <div class="content" style="margin-top:20px;"> <p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">南京大学人文社科资深教授周晓虹在《中国社会科学》</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">2022</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">年第</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">12</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">期发表了《改革开放与中国社会学重建的话语叙事———以40位社会学人的生命历程为例》一文。文章</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">以社会学的重建为例,讨论了&quot;知青&quot;一代社会学人如何投身改革开放</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">的社会</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">变革</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">实践中</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,依赖他们早年的底层经验和后来的学术训练,以实现现代化为叙事主轴,建构了中国社会学</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">重建</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">的话语体系;进一步,凭借社会转型的客观基础和文化自觉的主观意识,尝试在知识建构过程中彰显学术主体性。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">中国改革开放从根本上改变了中国生产力相对落后的状况</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">推动了中国社会向现代化的快速迈进</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">如此巨大的社会转型使中国人民的物质生活条件</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">个人际遇和生命历程发生了前所未有的改变</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">。中国社会学的重建与改革开放同步,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">促成了</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">通过社会学家个人生命历程回顾中国社会当代进步的独特视角。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">除此之外</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">理解人与时代的互嵌互构关系还有一条路径</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">那就是反过来考察研究者如何投身历史之中</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">回应时代挑战</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">并以自己的方式参与某一学科乃至整个社会的话语实践。这一路径不仅能够揭示社会科学研究对现实的社会生活实践的依赖关系</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">而且能够表明改革开放的伟大进程或社会转型对提升包括社会科学创新和主体性确立在内的中国人精神世界的重要意义</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">本文重点论述的</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">是</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">社会学重建后的&quot;知青&quot;社会学家或</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">者说是</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">第三代</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">社会</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">学人。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">他们有着十分相似的生命历程和个人体验</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">——</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">在以不甚正规的方式完成中学教育后</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">大部分学者年轻时代到农村务农或做工、当兵</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">少数没有上山下乡经历的学者也因为在频繁的&quot;学农&quot;活动中熟悉了农村生活</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">他们经历了底层生活的艰难</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">共享这段集体经历与集体记忆</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">为其社会学想象力的形成提供了某种机缘</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">但是,单有这种经验及相似的体验形成的共情</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">还不足以产生抽象反思和理论提升的能力</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">社会学人之所以成为社会生活的解释者</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">还与他们所受的学术训练相关</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">第三代社会学人的学术训练庞杂而多元</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,除了改革开放前阅读马列著作</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">外,费孝通等老一辈社会学人还借助中国社会学会等机构在杨庆堃等海外学者的帮助下</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">举办了一系列社会学短训班和专业班</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">南开大学、北京大学和社会学研究所等机构还展开了研究生教育</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">同时</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">一批青年学人也在前辈的推荐下考入海外一流大学攻读博士学位</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">除此之外</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">良师益友以及学术共同体的建立也帮助这一批青年学人在繁杂的学科知识来源中完成了学术训练</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">改革开放之后</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">实现社会主义或中国式现代化成为国家话语体系的最强音</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">而改革与开放自然成为这一话语体系的表征双翼。在随后的</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">40</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">年里</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">社会学人的学术探索和话语实践</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">也以现代化为宗旨</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">沿改革和开放两个面向铺陈开来,并在如下四个方面取得了进步:</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">首先,中国社会学话语体系建设,一开始就集中在实现社会主义现代化及与此相关的社会转型实践之上。其次,中国社会学话语体系建设,以城乡社会调查与研究为切入点,使得社会学的学术研究几近成为一场以实现现代化为目标的富民实践。再次,中国社会学话语体系建设,在完成阶段性的富民实践后,配合国家治理能力的提升开始着力研究现代国家的社会建设与运作机制。最后,中国社会学话语体系建设,并未忽略中国人精神世界的现代性塑造,亦因费孝通对&quot;心态&quot;研究的提倡而扩大了本身的研究疆域。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">除了对现代化进程中的各类现实问题作出回应和挑战外,面对中国社会转型和心态变迁的现实状况</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">知青社会学家因独特的生命体验与学科背景</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">也为理解中国社会的转型提供了独特的视角。而客观的社会转型实践和主观的文化自觉意识</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">共同孕育了这一代学人在中国社会学的重建中日渐清晰的摆脱理论依附</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">构建主体性的学术心态</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">在上述讨论的基础上</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">作者最后讨论了这样两个问题</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">:其一,如何从知识社会学的角度,探讨以知青为主体的社会学人在变革时代的集体经历对他们知识生产过程的影响?进一步,他们在转型时代形成的集体心态又在何种程度上参与了社会学话语体系主体性的建构?其二,从共时态的人类文明扩展或传播的角度,既然因改革开放而生的中国社会学的话语体系是当代中国社会转型实践的产物,那么我们应该如何提高其在世界范围内的影响力?或者说,如何使中国这场大变革的特殊场景,成为人类文明史普遍叙事中不可或缺的常规内容?</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">作者针对第一个问题</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">成功地将集体心态的讨论带入了知识社会学的疆域之中</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">围绕第二个问题</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">则在已有讨论的基础上</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">强调要加强社会学研究人才队伍的建设以及不同代际之间社会学人的学术传承</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 2.2em !important;">。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; 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