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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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href="#Plena_kaj_parta_brulado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Plena kaj parta brulado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plena_kaj_parta_brulado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologia_brulado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologia_brulado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Biologia brulado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biologia_brulado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proverbo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proverbo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Proverbo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proverbo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referencoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidu_ankaŭ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vidu ankaŭ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brulo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 89 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbranding" title="Verbranding — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verbranding" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraf" title="Coraf — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Coraf" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanma" title="Yanma — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yanma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Гарэнне — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гарэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penambusan_(kimia)" title="Penambusan (kimia) — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Penambusan (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Горене — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Горене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8" title="দহন — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দহন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorijevanje" title="Sagorijevanje — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sagorijevanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3" title="Combustió — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Combustió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سووتان — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سووتان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%99en%C3%AD" title="Hoření — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hoření" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Çуну — ĉuvaŝa" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çуну" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ĉuvaŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylosgiad" title="Hylosgiad — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hylosgiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbr%C3%A6nding" title="Forbrænding — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forbrænding" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbrennung_(Chemie)" title="Verbrennung (Chemie) — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verbrennung (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Καύση — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καύση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5lemine" title="Põlemine — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põlemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errekuntza" title="Errekuntza — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errekuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaminen" title="Palaminen — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3_(imoibri%C3%BA)" title="Dó (imoibriú) — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dó (imoibriú)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="בעירה — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בעירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8" title="दहन — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दहन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorenje" title="Gorenje — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gorenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyaksyon_konbistyon" title="Reyaksyon konbistyon — haitia kreola" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Reyaksyon konbistyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitia kreola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89g%C3%A9s_(t%C5%B1zv%C3%A9delem)" title="Égés (tűzvédelem) — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Égés (tűzvédelem)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9)" title="Այրում (երևույթ) — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Այրում (երևույթ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembakaran_(kimia)" title="Pembakaran (kimia) — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembakaran (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81)" title="Дагар (физика-химе процесс) — inguŝa" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дагар (физика-химе процесс)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombusto" title="Kombusto — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kombusto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruni" title="Bruni — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bruni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustione" title="Combustione — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Combustione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%84%BC" title="燃焼 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="燃焼" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="აალება — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აალება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%E1%B9%9B%C9%A3iwt" title="Timeṛɣiwt — kabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timeṛɣiwt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Жану — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8" title="ಉಷ್ಣ ವಿಕಸನ — kanara" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಷ್ಣ ವಿಕಸನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EC%86%8C" title="연소 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B9%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Күйүү — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Күйүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbrenning" title="Verbrenning — limburga" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Verbrenning" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degimo_reakcija" title="Degimo reakcija — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Degimo reakcija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deg%C5%A1ana" title="Degšana — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Degšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembakaran" title="Pembakaran — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembakaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="ज्वलति — nevara" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्वलति" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbranding" title="Verbranding — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verbranding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbrenning" title="Forbrenning — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forbrenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbrenning" title="Forbrenning — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forbrenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਦਹਿਨ — panĝaba" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਹਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panĝaba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalanie" title="Spalanie — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spalanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combust%C3%A3o" title="Combustão — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Combustão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawray" title="Rawray — keĉua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rawray" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keĉua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardere" title="Ardere — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ardere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Горение — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%8B" title="Умайыы — jakuta" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Умайыы" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cummustioni" title="Cummustioni — sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cummustioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boaldin" title="Boaldin — nord-samea" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Boaldin" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nord-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorijevanje" title="Sagorijevanje — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sagorijevanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horenie" title="Horenie — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Horenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorenje_(kemija)" title="Gorenje (kemija) — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gorenje (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djegia" title="Djegia — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Djegia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorevanje" title="Sagorevanje — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Sagorevanje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rbr%C3%A4nning" title="Förbränning — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förbränning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எரிதல் — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எரிதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/pcyana_puniq" title="pcyana puniq — Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="pcyana puniq" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="การเผาไหม้ — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเผาไหม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombustiyon" title="Kombustiyon — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kombustiyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanma" title="Yanma — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yanma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Горіння — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Горіння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1y" title="Cháy — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cháy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglarab" title="Paglarab — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paglarab" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawara" title="Sawara — volofa" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sawara" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volofa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7" title="燃烧 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="燃烧" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="פארברענונג — jida" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארברענונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jida" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cgban%C3%A1" title="Ìgbaná — joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìgbaná" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7" title="燃烧 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="燃烧" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="燃燒 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="燃燒" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C3%A2n-sio" title="Jiân-sio — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jiân-sio" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="燃燒 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="燃燒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukushisa" title="Ukushisa — zulua" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukushisa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133235#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brulo"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&action=history"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ĝenerale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kio_ligas_%C4%89i_tien%3F/Brulo" title="Listo de ĉiuj vikiaj paĝoj kiuj ligas ĉi tien [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ligiloj ĉi tien</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Rilataj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj/Brulo" rel="nofollow" title="Lastaj ŝanĝoj en paĝoj kiuj ligas al ĉi tiu paĝo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Rilataj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eo" title="Alŝuti dosierojn [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Alŝuti dosieron</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Specialaj_pa%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de ĉiuj specialaj paĝoj [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&oldid=7871988" title="Porĉiama ligilo al ĉi versio de la paĝo"><span>Konstanta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&action=info" title="Pli da informo pri ĉi tiu paĝo"><span>Informoj pri la paĝo</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Citi&page=Brulo&id=7871988&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informoj pri kiel citi ĉi tiun paĝon"><span>Citi ĉi tiun artikolon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrulo"><span>Akiri mallongigitan URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrulo"><span>Elŝutu QR-kodon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Presi/elporti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Brulo"><span>Krei libron</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:DownloadAsPdf&page=Brulo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Elŝuti kiel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&printable=yes" title="Presebla versio de tiu ĉi paĝo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Presebla versio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En aliaj projektoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Combustion" hreflang="en"><span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikiquote.org/wiki/Brulo" hreflang="eo"><span>Vikicitaro</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133235" title="Ligilo al konektita datuma ero [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ero en Vikidatumoj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Combustion_du_bois.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Combustion_du_bois.png/366px-Combustion_du_bois.png" decoding="async" width="366" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Combustion_du_bois.png/549px-Combustion_du_bois.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Combustion_du_bois.png/732px-Combustion_du_bois.png 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Bruligado de ligno: vigla kun flamoj kaj malrapida kun ardantaj ardaĵoj.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kutime la vorto <b>bruli</b> priskribas la efikon de <a href="/wiki/Fajro" title="Fajro">fajro</a> sur <a href="/wiki/Brula%C4%B5o" title="Brulaĵo">bruligmaterio</a>: tiu <a href="/wiki/Materio" title="Materio">materio</a> malaperas sub <a href="/wiki/Flamo" title="Flamo">flamoj</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Fumo" title="Fumo">fumoj</a> kaj postrestas nur <a href="/wiki/Cindro" title="Cindro">cindro</a>. Tiu transformo disradias multe da <a href="/wiki/Varmo" title="Varmo">varmo</a>. </p><p>Kiam tiu transformado estas rigardata je la atomskalo, brulado konsistas nur el reariĝo de <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomoj</a> alien. </p><p>(Mis)kutimo estas klarigi kio okazas interne de <a href="/wiki/Stelo" title="Stelo">stelo</a> per "brulado" de <a href="/wiki/Materio" title="Materio">materio</a>, sed tio estas vera fuŝbildo. Kiam tiu vorto uzatas en tiu kazo, estas nur laŭ la varmaspekto. Sed la <a href="/wiki/Fuzio" class="mw-disambig" title="Fuzio">fuzio</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomkernero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomkernero (paĝo ne ekzistas)">atomkerneroj</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nuklea_fiziko" title="Nuklea fiziko">nuklea fiziko</a>) neniel similas al atom-reariĝoj (<a href="/wiki/%C4%A4emio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĥemio">ĥemio</a>) nek laŭ la disvolviĝo, nek laŭ la skalo. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kemia_procezo">Kemia procezo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Kemia procezo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Kemia procezo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/15._%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB.webm/236px--15._%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="236" height="133" data-durationhint="11" data-mwtitle="15._Ослободување_на_големо_количество_енергија_при_согоровуање_етанол.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Dosiero:15._%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/15._%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB.webm/15._%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><center>Eksperimento, kiu montras la grandan kvanton de energio liberigita dum la bruligado de etanolo. 2016</center></figcaption></figure><p>Brulado estas <a href="/wiki/Kemia_procezo" title="Kemia procezo">kemia procezo</a>, en kiu substanco (<a href="/wiki/Elemento" class="mw-disambig" title="Elemento">elemento</a> aŭ <a href="/wiki/Kemia_kombina%C4%B5o" title="Kemia kombinaĵo">Kemia kombinaĵo</a>) reagas kun <a href="/wiki/Oksidanto" title="Oksidanto">oksidanta substanco</a>, dum kiu <a href="/wiki/Energio" title="Energio">energio</a> liberiĝas. </p><p>En multaj <a href="/wiki/Motoro" title="Motoro">motoroj</a> la transformo de kemia al mova <a href="/wiki/Energio" title="Energio">energio</a> okazas per brulado; tiuj nomiĝas <a href="/wiki/Brulmotoro" title="Brulmotoro">brulmotoroj</a>. </p><p>La substanco kun kiu reagas la oksidanto nomiĝas brulaĵo. Ĉiu el la <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomoj</a> en la brulaĵo formas apartan komponaĵon kun la oksidanto. La plej konata brulado estas tiu, en kiu la oksidiga substanco estas <a href="/wiki/Oksigeno" title="Oksigeno">oksigeno</a> (O2). Ĉiuj <a href="/wiki/Organika_kombina%C4%B5o" title="Organika kombinaĵo">organikaj kombinaĵoj</a> kapablas bruli en ĉeesto de oksigeno. Kiel menciite, ĉiu el la atomoj de la organika komponaĵo formas <a href="/wiki/Kunmetado" title="Kunmetado">kunmetaĵon</a> kun oksigeno: la karbonaj atomoj formas <a href="/wiki/Karbona_dioksido" title="Karbona dioksido">karbonan dioksidon</a> (CO2) aŭ <a href="/wiki/Karbona_monooksido" title="Karbona monooksido">karbonan monoksidon</a> (CO), dum la hidrogenaj atomoj formas <a href="/wiki/Akvo" title="Akvo">akvon</a> (H2O). Ekzemple, la <a href="/wiki/Formulo" title="Formulo">formulo</a> de la kompleta brula reago de <a href="/wiki/Propano" title="Propano">propano</a>, ĉefa ero en <a href="/wiki/Kuirado" title="Kuirado">kuirado de gaso</a>, estas: </p><p> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ \mathrm {C_{3}H_{8(g)}+5O_{2(g)}\rightarrow 3CO_{2(g)}+4H_{2}O_{(g)}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ \mathrm {C_{3}H_{8(g)}+5O_{2(g)}\rightarrow 3CO_{2(g)}+4H_{2}O_{(g)}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/80db2abe03602b04601abe9bfb6489e4640104e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:39.538ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ \mathrm {C_{3}H_{8(g)}+5O_{2(g)}\rightarrow 3CO_{2(g)}+4H_{2}O_{(g)}} }"></span></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville,_Quebec,_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/220px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/330px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/440px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1682" /></a><figcaption>Rapida brulado liberigas multan energion en la formo de varmo kaj lumo, fenomeno konata kiel fajro</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Deerfire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Deerfire.jpg/220px-Deerfire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Deerfire.jpg/330px-Deerfire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Deerfire.jpg/440px-Deerfire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Brulantaj arbaroj ilustras la kapablon de fajro rapide disvastiĝi</figcaption></figure> <p>Kiam la brulprocezo okazas rapide, energio liberiĝas en la formo de <a href="/wiki/Varmo" title="Varmo">varmo</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Lumo" title="Lumo">lumo</a>; La kombinaĵo de la du estas konata kiel fajro, kaj ĉi tiu brula procezo nomiĝas brulado. Karbona dioksido kaj akvo (en la formo de <a href="/wiki/Vaporo" title="Vaporo">vaporoj</a>) aperas kiel <a href="/wiki/Gaso" title="Gaso">gasoj</a>, kiuj estas elsenditaj dum brulado. La <a href="/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono">karbono</a>, kiu ne havis tempon kombini kun la oksigeno, restis en la formo de <a href="/wiki/Lignokarbo" title="Lignokarbo">lignokarbo</a> kaj cindro. </p><p>La brula procezo estas nepre <a href="/wiki/Ekzoterma_reakcio" title="Ekzoterma reakcio">ekzoterma reakcio</a> - procezo, kiu liberigas pli da energio ol la energio investita en ĝia aktivigo. Malgraŭ tio, komenca energio (konata kiel aktiviga energio) ofte devas esti investita por komenci la procezon. Plej multaj el la brulaĵoj, kiujn ni konas, bezonas rapidan <a href="/wiki/Hejtado" title="Hejtado">hejtadon</a> por komenci la brulprocezon. </p><p>Bruligado de brulaĵo, ekzemple per <a href="/wiki/Fajrigilo" title="Fajrigilo">fajrigilo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alumeto" title="Alumeto">alumeto</a> aŭ <a href="/wiki/Elektro" title="Elektro">elektra</a> fajrero (en la <a href="/wiki/Motorveturilo" title="Motorveturilo">motorveturilo</a>), provizas la aktivigan energion necesan por bruligado. Post kiam la brulprocezo komenciĝis, la procezo nutras sin. Multe da energio liberigita kaŭzas brulajn kromajn molekulojn, ĝis la brulaĵo aŭ oksidanto elĉerpiĝas. </p><p>La brula procezo ne devas konsumi oksigenon de la <a href="/wiki/Aero" title="Aero">aero</a>: la oksigeno povas esti konsumita de diversaj fontoj, kaj eĉ de la organika molekulo mem subiranta brulan procezon. </p><p>La klarigo por la brula procezo estis malkovrita de la franca kemiisto <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a>. En la 18-a jarcento, sciencistoj kredis, ke kiam substanco brulas, ĝi eligas nevideblan likvaĵon nomatan <a href="/wiki/Flogistono" title="Flogistono">flogistono</a>; Lavoisier pruvis per siaj <a href="/wiki/Eksperimento" title="Eksperimento">eksperimentoj</a>, ke brulado estas nenio alia ol kombinaĵo de la brula substanco kun la oksigeno en la aero. </p><p>Multaj metodoj por produkti energion artefarite baziĝas sur bruligado de diversaj organikaj materialoj - de bruligado de ligno en <a href="/wiki/Kameno" title="Kameno">kameno</a> por hejtado al bruligado de brulaĵo por peli veturilojn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plena_kaj_parta_brulado">Plena kaj parta brulado</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Plena kaj parta brulado" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Plena kaj parta brulado"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ErstickteKerze.ogv/220px--ErstickteKerze.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="149" data-durationhint="16" data-mwtitle="ErstickteKerze.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Dosiero:ErstickteKerze.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/ErstickteKerze.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="624" data-height="422" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/ErstickteKerze.ogv/ErstickteKerze.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="212" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/ErstickteKerze.ogv/ErstickteKerze.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="354" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/ErstickteKerze.ogv/ErstickteKerze.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="532" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/ErstickteKerze.ogv/ErstickteKerze.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="532" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Demonstrado de la neceso de aerprovizado por kontinua forbruligo.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ĉe plena brulado, la brula substanco reagas kun oksigeno por formi limigitan nombron da stabilaj oksidoj. Por <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarbonido" title="Hidrokarbonido">hidrokarbido</a> (komponaĵo de karbono kaj hidrogeno), ekzemple, tutaj brulproduktoj estos karbona dioksido kaj akvo. Ĉi tiuj estas la stabilaj oksidoj de la karbona kaj hidrogena atomoj. </p><p>La produktoj ne nepre havos la plej altan eblan <a href="/wiki/Oksidi%C4%9Da_nombro" title="Oksidiĝa nombro">oksidiĝan nombron</a>, kio signifas, ke ili ne nepre havos la plej altan rilaton de oksigenaj atomoj al la atomoj de la brulanta materialo. Ĉi tio estas pro la alta energio necesa por krei iujn el la materialoj. Ekzemple, kvankam la <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">nitrogeno</a> en la aero povas reagi kun oksigeno por formi nitrogajn oksidojn (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogena_monooksido" title="Nitrogena monooksido">nitrogena monooksido</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Nitrogena_dioksido" title="Nitrogena dioksido">nitrogena dioksido</a>), alta <a href="/wiki/Temperaturo" title="Temperaturo">temperaturo</a> necesas por provizi la energion bezonatan por detrui la nitrogenajn molekulojn antaŭ ol ili povas reagi kun oksigeno. </p><p>Parta brulado okazos kiam ne sufiĉas oksigeno en la reago por plene oksigeni la reakciantojn, aŭ kiam la temperaturo estas tro malalta. Ĉi-kaze oni akiras diversajn parte oksigenitajn produktojn, kiel <a href="/wiki/Karbona_monooksido" title="Karbona monooksido">karbonmonooksido</a> por bruligado de <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarbonido" title="Hidrokarbonido">hidrokarbonidoj</a>. En ĉi tiu materialo la <a href="/wiki/Proporcio" title="Proporcio">proporcio</a> de karbono al oksigeno estas 1: 1, anstataŭ 1: 2 (du oksigenaj atomoj por karbona atomo) por karbona dioksido. La formulo de tia parta brula reago por propano menciita antaŭe estas: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ \mathrm {C_{3}H_{8(g)}+3.5O_{2(g)}\rightarrow 3CO_{(g)}+4H_{2}O_{(g)}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3.5</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ \mathrm {C_{3}H_{8(g)}+3.5O_{2(g)}\rightarrow 3CO_{(g)}+4H_{2}O_{(g)}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa55ca2243b92a52dd86e769e8169e4ec5996724" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:40.526ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ \mathrm {C_{3}H_{8(g)}+3.5O_{2(g)}\rightarrow 3CO_{(g)}+4H_{2}O_{(g)}} }"></span> </p><p>Sub pli ekstremaj kondiĉoj de seniĝo de oksigeno, aŭ je tro malaltaj temperaturoj, oni akiras lignokarban fajron - tio estas, fajron, kiu formas <a href="/wiki/Fulgo" title="Fulgo">nigrajn fulgajn erojn</a>, ĉe propano tia parta brula formulado estas: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ \mathrm {C_{3}H_{8(g)}+2O_{2(g)}\rightarrow 3C_{(s)}+4H_{2}O_{(g)}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ \mathrm {C_{3}H_{8(g)}+2O_{2(g)}\rightarrow 3C_{(s)}+4H_{2}O_{(g)}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6203e391d63f2661e1819a01cc88338ca08c9777" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:36.734ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ \mathrm {C_{3}H_{8(g)}+2O_{2(g)}\rightarrow 3C_{(s)}+4H_{2}O_{(g)}} }"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologia_brulado">Biologia brulado</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Biologia brulado" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Biologia brulado"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruligado ne devas okazi rapide. Biologia brulprocezo okazas en multaj <a href="/wiki/Vivo" title="Vivo">vivantaj estaĵoj</a> (ĉiuj <a href="/wiki/Birdoj" title="Birdoj">aeraj estaĵoj</a>, inkluzive homon), kaj nomiĝas <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%88ela_spirado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ĉela spirado (paĝo ne ekzistas)">ĉela spirado</a></b>. En ĉi tiu procezo, la <a href="/wiki/Man%C4%9Da%C4%B5o" title="Manĝaĵo">manĝaĵoj</a>, kiujn ni konsumas (kiu enhavas <a href="/wiki/Glukozo" title="Glukozo">glukozon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grasacido" title="Grasacido">grasajn acidojn</a> ktp), estas kunmetitaj el oksigeno (kiu venas de la aero). La energio ne liberiĝas en formo de fajro, kompreneble, sed estas uzata en la <a href="/wiki/%C4%88elo_(biologio)" title="Ĉelo (biologio)">ĉelo</a> por konstrui energioriĉajn molekulojn (ĉefe <a href="/wiki/Adenozina_trifosfato" title="Adenozina trifosfato">ATP</a>), kiuj poste estas uzataj por komenci biologiajn procezojn, kiuj bezonas energion. Ankaŭ en ĉela spirado pruviĝas la principo kombini ĉiun el la brulaĵoj kun oksigeno: </p> <ul><li>La karbonaj atomoj en manĝaĵoj kombiniĝas kun oksigeno por formi karbonan dioksidon. Ĉi tiu reago okazas kiel prepara paŝo al la <a href="/wiki/Ciklo_de_Krebs" title="Ciklo de Krebs">Krebs-cirklo</a> kaj al la Krebs-cirklo mem. La karbondioksido estas eligita (ĉe evoluintaj bestoj) de la ĉelo en la <a href="/wiki/Kardiovaskula_sistemo" title="Kardiovaskula sistemo">sangocirkuladon</a>, de kie ĝi atingas la pulmojn kaj estas elsendita en la aeron en la procezo de spirado.</li> <li>La hidrogenaj atomoj en manĝaĵoj kombiniĝas kun oksigeno por formi akvon. Ĉi tiu reago okazas ĉe la fino de oksidiga fosforiligo, la lasta etapo en ĉela spirado.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proverbo">Proverbo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakti sekcion: Proverbo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Proverbo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekzistas pluraj <a href="/wiki/Proverbo" title="Proverbo">proverboj</a> pri brulo en la <a href="/wiki/Proverbaro_Esperanta" title="Proverbaro Esperanta">Proverbaro Esperanta</a> de <a href="/wiki/L._L._Zamenhof" title="L. L. Zamenhof">L. L. Zamenhof</a>, inter ili<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><table style="padding:0; margin:0; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td width="40px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Citaĵo"><img alt="Citaĵo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/P_writing.svg/40px-P_writing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/P_writing.svg/60px-P_writing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/P_writing.svg/80px-P_writing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></td><td><table style="padding:0; margin:0; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td><span style="color:#84a3e0; font-size:150%; line-height:75%;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>„</b></span> De malgranda kandelo forbrulis granda kastelo. <span style="color:#84a3e0; font-size:150%; line-height:75%;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif"><b>”</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><table style="padding:0; margin:0; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td width="40px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Citaĵo"><img alt="Citaĵo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/P_writing.svg/40px-P_writing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/P_writing.svg/60px-P_writing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/P_writing.svg/80px-P_writing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></td><td><table style="padding:0; margin:0; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td><span style="color:#84a3e0; font-size:150%; line-height:75%;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>„</b></span> Ne ekzistas fumo sen brulo. <span style="color:#84a3e0; font-size:150%; line-height:75%;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif"><b>”</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><table style="padding:0; margin:0; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td width="40px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Citaĵo"><img alt="Citaĵo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/P_writing.svg/40px-P_writing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/P_writing.svg/60px-P_writing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/P_writing.svg/80px-P_writing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></td><td><table style="padding:0; margin:0; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td><span style="color:#84a3e0; font-size:150%; line-height:75%;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>„</b></span> Ne estingu la fajron, kiu vin ne bruligas. <span style="color:#84a3e0; font-size:150%; line-height:75%;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif"><b>”</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakti sekcion: Referencoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&action=edit&section=5" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Referencoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small" style="padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111225060747/http://eo.lernu.net/biblioteko/proverboj/listo.php">Lernu</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eo.lernu.net/biblioteko/proverboj/listo.php">la originalo</a> je 2011-12-25. Alirita 2009-04-03 .</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brulo&action=edit&section=6" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Vidu ankaŭ"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"><li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Combustion?uselang=eo">Kategorio Brulo en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span></li><li class="quote"><a href="https://eo.wikiquote.org/wiki/Brulo" class="extiw" title="q:Brulo">Brulo en la <span>Vikicitaro</span></a> (Kolekto de citaĵoj) </li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brula%C4%B5o" title="Brulaĵo">Brulaĵo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksplodmotoro" title="Eksplodmotoro">Eksplodmotoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektromotoro" title="Elektromotoro">Elektromotoro</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="clear:both; margin-top:0px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding: 0px; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Norma_datumaro" title="Norma datumaro">Bibliotekoj</a> </td> <td class="plainlinks hlist" style="font-size: 80%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helpo:Bibliotekoj" title="Helpo:Bibliotekoj">PeEnEo</a>: <a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/?curid=29428">29428</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kontrolnumero_de_la_Kongresa_Biblioteko_de_Usono" title="Kontrolnumero de la Kongresa Biblioteko de Usono">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/sh85028831">sh85028831</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Francio" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Francio">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11931715p">11931715p</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Dieto" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Dieto">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568101">00568101</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_la_%C4%88e%C4%A5a_Respubliko" title="Nacia Biblioteko de la Ĉeĥa Respubliko">NKC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph120848">ph120848</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Elŝutita el "<a dir="ltr" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brulo&oldid=7871988">https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brulo&oldid=7871988</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kategorioj" title="Specialaĵo:Kategorioj">Kategorioj</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Brulo" title="Kategorio:Brulo">Brulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Kemio" title="Kategorio:Kemio">Kemio</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorio:Vivprocesoj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorio:Vivprocesoj (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Vivprocesoj</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Energio" title="Kategorio:Energio">Energio</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ĉi tiu paĝo estis lastafoje redaktita je 21:14, 5 jan. 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La teksto disponeblas laŭ la permesilo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo">Krea Komunaĵo Atribuite-Samkondiĉe 4.0 Neadaptita</a>; eble aldonaj kondiĉoj aplikeblas. 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