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id="toc-Royal_Academy_of_Åbo_1640–1828" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Academy_of_Åbo_1640–1828"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Royal Academy of Åbo 1640–1828</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Academy_of_Åbo_1640–1828-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_Alexander_University_in_Finland_1828–1919" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_Alexander_University_in_Finland_1828–1919"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Imperial Alexander University in Finland 1828–1919</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_Alexander_University_in_Finland_1828–1919-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_of_Helsinki_1919–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_Helsinki_1919–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>University of Helsinki 1919–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_Helsinki_1919–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Faculties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Faculties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Academics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Academics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University_rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>University rankings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Master's_Degree_Programmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Master's_Degree_Programmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>International Master's Degree Programmes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Master's_Degree_Programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Campuses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Campuses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_Centre_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_Centre_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>City Centre Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_Centre_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kumpula_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kumpula_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Kumpula Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kumpula_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meilahti_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meilahti_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Meilahti Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meilahti_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viikki_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viikki_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Viikki Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viikki_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Libraries and museums</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Libraries_and_museums-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Libraries and museums subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Libraries_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_National_Library_of_Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_National_Library_of_Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>The National Library of Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_National_Library_of_Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Helsinki_University_Main_Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Helsinki_University_Main_Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>The Helsinki University Main Library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Helsinki_University_Main_Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Helsinki_University_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Helsinki_University_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>The Helsinki University Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Helsinki_University_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finnish_Museum_of_Natural_History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finnish_Museum_of_Natural_History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Finnish Museum of Natural History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finnish_Museum_of_Natural_History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Student life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Student life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Student_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Student Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Student nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_alumni,_faculty,_and_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_alumni,_faculty,_and_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable alumni, faculty, and staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_alumni,_faculty,_and_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chancellors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chancellors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Chancellors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chancellors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Rectors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Helsinki</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsig_oll%C3%A2op%C3%A2tt%C3%A2h" title="Helsig ollâopâttâh – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Helsig ollâopâttâh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%87%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A" title="جامعة هلسنكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة هلسنكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հելսինքիի համալսարան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հելսինքիի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Universiteti" title="Helsinki Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Helsinki Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="هلسینکی بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هلسینکی بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univ%C3%A9rsitas_Helsinki" title="Univérsitas Helsinki – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Univérsitas Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Хельсінкскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хельсінкскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Хэльсынскі ўнівэрсытэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хэльсынскі ўнівэрсытэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Хелзинкски университет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хелзинкски университет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_H%C3%A8lsinki" title="Universitat de Hèlsinki – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat de Hèlsinki" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Helsinská univerzita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Helsinská univerzita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Universitet" title="Helsinki Universitet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Helsinki Universitet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helssega_universitehta" title="Helssega universitehta – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Helssega universitehta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Helsinki" title="Universität Helsinki – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Universität Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsingi_%C3%9Clikool" title="Helsingi Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Helsingi Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%95%CE%BB%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Ελσίνκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Ελσίνκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Helsinki" title="Universidad de Helsinki – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Helsinko" title="Universitato de Helsinko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Helsinko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinkiko_Unibertsitatea" title="Helsinkiko Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Helsinkiko Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="دانشگاه هلسینکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه هلسینکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27Helsinki" title="Université d'Helsinki – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université d'Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_fan_Helsinki" title="Universiteit fan Helsinki – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Universiteit fan Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilthigh_Helsinki" title="Oilthigh Helsinki – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Oilthigh Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Helsinqui" title="Universidade de Helsinqui – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Universidade de Helsinqui" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EC%8B%B1%ED%82%A4_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="헬싱키 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헬싱키 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հելսինկիի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հելսինկիի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_di_Helsinki" title="Universitato di Helsinki – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Universitato di Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Helsinki" title="Universitas Helsinki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Helsinki" title="Università di Helsinki – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università di Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99" title="אוניברסיטת הלסינקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת הלסינקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iniv%C3%A8site_%C3%88lsinki" title="Inivèsite Èlsinki – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Inivèsite Èlsinki" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Helsingiensis" title="Universitas Helsingiensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Helsingiensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinku_Universit%C4%81te" title="Helsinku Universitāte – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Helsinku Universitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinkio_universitetas" title="Helsinkio universitetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Helsinkio universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Egyetem" title="Helsinki Egyetem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Helsinki Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D9%89" title="جامعة هيلسينكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة هيلسينكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Helsinki" title="Universiti Helsinki – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universiti Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Хельсинкийн Их сургууль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хельсинкийн Их сургууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Helsinki" title="Universiteit van Helsinki – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ヘルシンキ大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘルシンキ大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsingfors_universitet" title="Helsingfors universitet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helsingfors universitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsingfors_universitet" title="Helsingfors universitet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Helsingfors universitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xelsinki_universiteti" title="Xelsinki universiteti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xelsinki universiteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਆਫ਼ ਹੈਲਸਿੰਕੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਆਫ਼ ਹੈਲਸਿੰਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81_%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="یونیورسٹی آف ہیلسنکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یونیورسٹی آف ہیلسنکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_Helsi%C5%84ski" title="Uniwersytet Helsiński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet Helsiński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Helsinque" title="Universidade de Helsinque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Helsinque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_din_Helsinki" title="Universitatea din Helsinki – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea din Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Университет Хельсинки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Университет Хельсинки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Helsinská univerzita – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Helsinská univerzita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="زانکۆی ھێلسنکی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانکۆی ھێلسنکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83" title="Универзитет у Хелсинкију – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет у Хелсинкију" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Helsinkiju" title="Univerzitet u Helsinkiju – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet u Helsinkiju" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsingin_yliopisto" title="Helsingin yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Helsingin yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsingfors_universitet" title="Helsingfors universitet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Helsingfors universitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Helsinki" title="Unibersidad ng Helsinki – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கெல்சிங்கிப் பல்கலைக்கழகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கெல்சிங்கிப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4" title="มหาวิทยาลัยเฮลซิงกิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยเฮลซิงกิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Helsinki Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Helsinki Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Гельсінський університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гельсінський університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Helsinki" title="Đại học Helsinki – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Helsinki" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsingi_%C3%9Clikuul" title="Helsingi Ülikuul – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Helsingi Ülikuul" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="赫尔辛基大学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="赫尔辛基大学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22University+of+Helsinki%22">"University of Helsinki"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22University+of+Helsinki%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22University+of+Helsinki%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22University+of+Helsinki%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22University+of+Helsinki%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Helsinki</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="fin"><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Helsingin yliopisto</i></span> <br /> <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Helsingfors universitet</i></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Helsinki.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/University_of_Helsinki.svg/150px-University_of_Helsinki.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/University_of_Helsinki.svg/225px-University_of_Helsinki.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/University_of_Helsinki.svg/300px-University_of_Helsinki.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Universitas Helsingiensis<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><div lang="fin">Opiskelu ja opettaminen – yliopiston sydän<sup id="cite_ref-Helsingin_yliopiston_opetuksen_ja_opintojen_eettiset_periaatteet_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helsingin_yliopiston_opetuksen_ja_opintojen_eettiset_periaatteet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Studying and teaching - The heart of a university</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1640<span class="noprint">; 384 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1640</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">€ c. 2 billion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kaarle Hämeri</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sari Lindblom<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,717 (2020<sup id="cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-university-in-numbers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Total staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,120 (2020<sup id="cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-university-in-numbers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">31,600 (total, 2020<sup id="cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-university-in-numbers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16,090 (2020<sup id="cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-university-in-numbers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10,673 (2020<sup id="cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-university-in-numbers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctoral students</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,548 (2020<sup id="cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-university-in-numbers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">Finland</div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Helsinki&params=60_10_10_N_024_57_00_E_region:FI-ES_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">60°10′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">024°57′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">60.16944°N 24.95000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">60.16944; 24.95000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Urban</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#222; color:white;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fff; color:black;"> </span> Black and white<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europaeum" title="Europaeum">Europaeum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/LERU" class="mw-redirect" title="LERU">LERU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/UArctic" class="mw-redirect" title="UArctic">UArctic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Una_Europa" title="Una Europa">Una Europa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_Network_of_the_Universities_from_the_Capitals_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutional Network of the Universities from the Capitals of Europe">Unica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Network" title="Utrecht Network">Utrecht Network</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helsinki.fi/en">www<wbr />.helsinki<wbr />.fi<wbr />/en</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>University of Helsinki</b> (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: <i lang="fi">Helsingin yliopisto</i>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Helsingfors universitet</i>; <b>UH</b>) is a public university in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. The university was founded in <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a> in 1640 as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_%C3%85bo" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy of Åbo">Royal Academy of Åbo</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a>, and moved to Helsinki in 1828 under the sponsorship of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Tsar Alexander I</a>. The University of Helsinki is the oldest and largest university in Finland with the widest range of disciplines available. In 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> around 31,000 students were enrolled in the degree programs of the university spread across 11 faculties and 11 research institutes.<sup id="cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-university-in-numbers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 1 August 2005, the university complies with the harmonized structure of the Europe-wide <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a> and offers bachelor, master, <a href="/wiki/Licenciate" class="mw-redirect" title="Licenciate">licenciate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctoral degrees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Admission to degree programmes is usually determined by entrance examinations, in the case of bachelor's degrees, and by prior degree results, in the case of master and postgraduate degrees. </p><p>The university is bilingual, with teaching by law provided both in Finnish and Swedish. Since Swedish, albeit an official language of Finland, is a minority language, Finnish is by far the dominating language at the university. Teaching in English is extensive throughout the university at master, licentiate, and doctoral levels, making it a <i>de facto</i> third language of instruction. </p><p>It is a member of various prominent international university networks, such as <a href="/wiki/Europaeum" title="Europaeum">Europaeum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institutional_Network_of_the_Universities_from_the_Capitals_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutional Network of the Universities from the Capitals of Europe">UNICA</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Network" title="Utrecht Network">Utrecht Network</a>, and is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_European_Research_Universities" title="League of European Research Universities">League of European Research Universities</a>. The university has also received international financial support for global welfare; for example, in September 2021, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> provided the university with more than four million euros in funding for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/MYC" title="MYC">MYC genes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cristina_de_Suecia_a_caballo_(Bourdon).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cristina_de_Suecia_a_caballo_%28Bourdon%29.jpg/150px-Cristina_de_Suecia_a_caballo_%28Bourdon%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cristina_de_Suecia_a_caballo_%28Bourdon%29.jpg/225px-Cristina_de_Suecia_a_caballo_%28Bourdon%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cristina_de_Suecia_a_caballo_%28Bourdon%29.jpg/300px-Cristina_de_Suecia_a_caballo_%28Bourdon%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1684" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queen_Christina_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Christina of Sweden">Queen Christina of Sweden</a>, University Founder and Patron</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the early history (1640-1809), see <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Turku" title="Royal Academy of Turku">Royal Academy of Turku</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Academy_of_Åbo_1640–1828"><span id="Royal_Academy_of_.C3.85bo_1640.E2.80.931828"></span>Royal Academy of Åbo 1640–1828</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Royal Academy of Åbo 1640–1828"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turun_hovioikeus_talvella.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Turun_hovioikeus_talvella.jpg/330px-Turun_hovioikeus_talvella.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Turun_hovioikeus_talvella.jpg/495px-Turun_hovioikeus_talvella.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Turun_hovioikeus_talvella.jpg/660px-Turun_hovioikeus_talvella.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5415" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>The Royal Academy of Åbo</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Turku" title="Royal Academy of Turku">Royal Academy of Turku</a></div> <p>The first predecessor of the university, <a href="/wiki/Katedralskolan_i_%C3%85bo" title="Katedralskolan i Åbo">The Cathedral School of Åbo</a>, was presumably founded in 1276 for education of boys to become servants of the Church. As the university was founded in 1640 by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Christina_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Christina of Sweden">Queen Christina of Sweden</a> (1626–1689) in <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a> (Sw. Åbo), as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Turku" title="Royal Academy of Turku">Åbo Kungliga Akademi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Regia Academia Aboensis</i>), the senior part of the school formed the core of the new university, while the junior year courses formed a grammar school. It was the third <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> founded in the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a>, following <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Academia_Gustaviana" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia Gustaviana">Academia Gustaviana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Dorpat</a> (predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_Alexander_University_in_Finland_1828–1919"><span id="Imperial_Alexander_University_in_Finland_1828.E2.80.931919"></span>Imperial Alexander University in Finland 1828–1919</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Imperial Alexander University in Finland 1828–1919"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Helsinki.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Helsinki.png/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Helsinki.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Helsinki.png 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the University of Helsinki</figcaption></figure> <p>The second period of the university's history covers the period when Finland was a Grand Duchy, a state ruled by the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1917. When <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a> was established in 1809, the Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I</a> expanded the university and allocated substantial funds to it. Following the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Turku" title="Great Fire of Turku">Great Fire of Turku</a> in 1827, higher education within the country was moved to Helsinki, the new administrative heart and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland, in 1828, and renamed the <i>Imperial Alexander University in Finland</i> in honour of the late benefactor of the university. In the capital the primary task of the university was to educate the Grand Duchy's civil servants. </p><p>The university became a community subscribing to the new <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Humboldtian</a> ideals of science and culture, studying humanity and its living environment by means of scientific methods. The new statutes of the university enacted in 1828 defined the task of the university as promoting the development of "the Sciences and Humanities within Finland and, furthermore, educating the youth for the service of the Emperor and the Fatherland". </p><p>The Alexander University was a centre of national life that promoted the birth of a fully independent Finnish State and the development of Finnish identity. The great men of 19th century Finland, <a href="/wiki/Johan_Vilhelm_Snellman" title="Johan Vilhelm Snellman">Johan Vilhelm Snellman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johan_Ludvig_Runeberg" title="Johan Ludvig Runeberg">Johan Ludvig Runeberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elias_L%C3%B6nnrot" title="Elias Lönnrot">Elias Lönnrot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zachris_Topelius" title="Zachris Topelius">Zachris Topelius</a>, were all involved in the activities of the university. The university became a major center of Finnish cultural, political, and legal life in 19th century Finland, and became a remarkable <i>primum mobile</i> of the nationalist and liberal cultural movements, political parties, and student organisations. </p><p>In the 19th century university research changed from being collection-centred to being experimental, empirical, and analytical. The more scientific approach of the university led to specialisation and created new disciplines. As the scientific disciplines developed, Finland received ever more scholarly knowledge and highly educated people, some of whom entered rapidly evolving industry or the government. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kansalliskirjasto_-_National_Library_of_Finland,_Helsinki_(52890137262).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kansalliskirjasto_-_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_Helsinki_%2852890137262%29.jpg/280px-Kansalliskirjasto_-_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_Helsinki_%2852890137262%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kansalliskirjasto_-_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_Helsinki_%2852890137262%29.jpg/420px-Kansalliskirjasto_-_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_Helsinki_%2852890137262%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kansalliskirjasto_-_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_Helsinki_%2852890137262%29.jpg/560px-Kansalliskirjasto_-_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_Helsinki_%2852890137262%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>National Library of Finland/Kansalliskirjasto</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_of_Helsinki_1919–present"><span id="University_of_Helsinki_1919.E2.80.93present"></span>University of Helsinki 1919–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: University of Helsinki 1919–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Helsinki,_Main_Building_(52890870759).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/University_of_Helsinki%2C_Main_Building_%2852890870759%29.jpg/330px-University_of_Helsinki%2C_Main_Building_%2852890870759%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/University_of_Helsinki%2C_Main_Building_%2852890870759%29.jpg/495px-University_of_Helsinki%2C_Main_Building_%2852890870759%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/University_of_Helsinki%2C_Main_Building_%2852890870759%29.jpg/660px-University_of_Helsinki%2C_Main_Building_%2852890870759%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>University of Helsinki (Main Building)</figcaption></figure> <p>The third period of the university's history began with the creation of a fully independent Republic of Finland in 1917, and with the renaming of the university as the <i>University of Helsinki</i>. Once Finland declared its full independence in 1917, the university was given a crucial role in building the nation state and, after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the welfare state. Members of the academic community promoted the international relations of the new state and the development of its economic life. Furthermore, they were actively involved in national politics and the struggle for equality. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> the university was the scene of a conflict between those who wanted to advance the usage of Finnish language in the university, to the detriment of Swedish and those who opposed such move.<sup id="cite_ref-UppslagsFiUniv_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UppslagsFiUniv-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geographer <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Tanner_(geographer)" title="Väinö Tanner (geographer)">Väinö Tanner</a> was one of the most vocal defenders of Swedish language usage.<sup id="cite_ref-UppslagsverketFi_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UppslagsverketFi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_of_Finland" title="Swedish People's Party of Finland">Swedish People's Party of Finland</a> initiated a campaign collecting 153 914 signatures in defense of the Swedish language that were handed to the parliament and government in October 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-UppslagsFiUniv_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UppslagsFiUniv-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On an international front academics from Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Iceland sent letters to the diplomatic representations of Finland in their respective countries warning about a weakening of the Nordic unity that would result from diminishing the role of Swedish in the University of Helsinki.<sup id="cite_ref-UppslagsFiUniv_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UppslagsFiUniv-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 20th century, scholarly research at the University of Helsinki reached the level of the European elite in many disciplines. This was manifested, among other things, by international recognitions granted to its professors, such as the <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> received by the mathematician <a href="/wiki/Lars_Ahlfors" title="Lars Ahlfors">Lars Ahlfors</a> (1936), the Nobel Prize in Chemistry granted to Professor <a href="/wiki/A.I._Virtanen" class="mw-redirect" title="A.I. Virtanen">A.I. Virtanen</a> (1945) and the Nobel Prize in Medicine shared by Professor <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a> (1967). In the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Helsinki_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Helsinki in World War II">Continuation War</a> the university was heavily damaged by bombs during a soviet air raid on 27 February 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After World War II, university research focused on improving Finnish living conditions and supporting major changes in the structure of society and business. The university also contributed to the breakthrough of modern technology.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (December 2011)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (December 2011)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The progress of scientific development created many new disciplines and faculties at the University of Helsinki. At present the university comprises 11 faculties, 500 professors and almost 40,000 students. The university has established as its goal to further its position as one of Europe's top multidisciplinary research universities.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2014, two people were arrested and in June 2014 sentenced to prison for three years for plotting a <a href="/wiki/2014_Helsinki_University_massacre_plan" title="2014 Helsinki University massacre plan">mass murder</a> at the university.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_building_Unioninkatu_33b_by_Unioninkatu_in_Kruununhaka,_Helsinki,_Finland,_2022_April.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/University_building_Unioninkatu_33b_by_Unioninkatu_in_Kruununhaka%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland%2C_2022_April.jpg/220px-University_building_Unioninkatu_33b_by_Unioninkatu_in_Kruununhaka%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland%2C_2022_April.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/University_building_Unioninkatu_33b_by_Unioninkatu_in_Kruununhaka%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland%2C_2022_April.jpg/330px-University_building_Unioninkatu_33b_by_Unioninkatu_in_Kruununhaka%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland%2C_2022_April.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/University_building_Unioninkatu_33b_by_Unioninkatu_in_Kruununhaka%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland%2C_2022_April.jpg/440px-University_building_Unioninkatu_33b_by_Unioninkatu_in_Kruununhaka%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland%2C_2022_April.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3334" /></a><figcaption>Aleksanteri Institute, University of Helsinki</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vanha_fysiologian_laitosrakennus_-_Marit_Henriksson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vanha_fysiologian_laitosrakennus_-_Marit_Henriksson.jpg/220px-Vanha_fysiologian_laitosrakennus_-_Marit_Henriksson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vanha_fysiologian_laitosrakennus_-_Marit_Henriksson.jpg/330px-Vanha_fysiologian_laitosrakennus_-_Marit_Henriksson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vanha_fysiologian_laitosrakennus_-_Marit_Henriksson.jpg/440px-Vanha_fysiologian_laitosrakennus_-_Marit_Henriksson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3237" data-file-height="2511" /></a><figcaption>Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculties">Faculties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Faculties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The university is divided into eleven faculties. They are listed below in the official order used by the university, reflecting both the history of the university and the hierarchy of disciplines at the time when the university was established: </p> <ul><li>Faculty of Theology (established 1640)</li> <li>Faculty of Law (established 1640)</li> <li>Faculty of Medicine (established 1640)</li> <li>Faculty of Arts (Faculty of Philosophy established 1640 and split 1852, independent Arts section 1863, independent faculty 1992)</li> <li>Faculty of Science (Faculty of Philosophy established 1640 and split 1852, independent Science section 1863, independent faculty 1992)</li> <li>Faculty of Pharmacy (Faculty of Philosophy established 1640, split from the Faculty of Science 2004)</li> <li>Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Faculty of Philosophy established 1640, split from the Faculty of Science 2004)</li> <li>Faculty of Educational Sciences (independent section 1974, independent faculty 1992, reorganized and renamed 2004, reorganized and renamed 2017)</li> <li>Faculty of Social Sciences (established 1945)</li> <li>Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry (established 1898, independent faculty 1924)</li> <li>Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (established as an independent college in 1945, incorporated into the University of Helsinki in 1995)</li></ul> <p>The university also has several independent institutes, such as research centres and libraries, the most notable of which are perhaps the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Finland" title="National Library of Finland">National Library of Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_University_Library" title="Helsinki University Library">Helsinki University Library</a>. Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies is another independent institute within the University of Helsinki, <a href="/wiki/Some_Institutes_for_Advanced_Study" title="Some Institutes for Advanced Study">an Institute for Advanced Study</a>, which is modeled upon the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a> in <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton, New Jersey</a>. Previous directors include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raimo_V%C3%A4yrynen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raimo Väyrynen (page does not exist)">Raimo Väyrynen</a> (2002–2004) and <a href="/wiki/Juha_Sihvola" title="Juha Sihvola">Juha Sihvola</a> (2004–2009).<sup id="cite_ref-HS14062012_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HS14062012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">University rankings</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Global – Overall</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">101–150 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">115 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">121 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">USNWR</a></i> Global<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">99 (2023)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_rankings">University rankings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: University rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>University of Helsinki is ranked at 101-150st in the world by the 2023 <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a><sup id="cite_ref-arwu_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arwu-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published by <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for 2023, the University of Helsinki is ranked at 121st overall in the world. In 2024 <a href="/wiki/THE%E2%80%93QS_World_University_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="THE–QS World University Rankings">THE–QS World University Rankings</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> list, the University of Helsinki was ranked 115th. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Master's_Degree_Programmes"><span id="International_Master.27s_Degree_Programmes"></span>International Master's Degree Programmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: International Master's Degree Programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The University of Helsinki offers a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> programmes, taught entirely in English.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scope of the programmes is 120 <a href="/wiki/European_Credit_Transfer_and_Accumulation_System" title="European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System">ECTS credits</a>, completed with two years of full-time study. Some programmes are organised by the University of Helsinki along with other Finnish and foreign universities. All programmes comply with the national legislation governing university education and are, therefore, recognised globally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsinki_July_2013-14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Helsinki_July_2013-14.jpg/250px-Helsinki_July_2013-14.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Helsinki_July_2013-14.jpg/375px-Helsinki_July_2013-14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Helsinki_July_2013-14.jpg/500px-Helsinki_July_2013-14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14064" data-file-height="5364" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki_Botanical_Garden" title="University of Helsinki Botanical Garden">University of Helsinki Botanical Garden</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Research institutes within the university include the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksanteri_Institute" title="Aleksanteri Institute">Aleksanteri Institute</a> – A national centre of research, study and expertise pertaining to Russia and <a href="/wiki/East_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="East Europe">East Europe</a></li> <li>Christina Institute for Gender Studies</li> <li>Environmental Change Research Unit</li> <li>Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights</li> <li>Helsinki Center of Economic Research (HECER) – A joint initiative of the University of Helsinki, the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_School_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki School of Economics">Helsinki School of Economics</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hanken_School_of_Economics" title="Hanken School of Economics">Hanken School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Institute_for_Information_Technology" title="Helsinki Institute for Information Technology">Helsinki Institute for Information Technology</a> (HIIT) – A joint research institute of the University of Helsinki and the <a href="/wiki/Aalto_University" title="Aalto University">Aalto University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helsinki.fi/en/helsinki-institute-of-life-science">Helsinki Institute of Life Science</a> (HiLIFE) - supports and coordinates life science research across the university. HiLIFE oversees three operative units: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helsinki.fi/en/hilife-institute-of-biotechnology">Institute of Biotechnology</a> (BI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Institute_for_Molecular_Medicine" title="Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine">Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine</a> (FIMM)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helsinki.fi/en/hilife-neuroscience-center">Neuroscience Center</a> (NC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Institute_of_Physics" title="Helsinki Institute of Physics">Helsinki Institute of Physics</a></li> <li>Rolf Nevanlinna Institute – Research institute of <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campuses">Campuses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Campuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Auditorium,_Helsinki_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Main_Auditorium%2C_Helsinki_University.jpg/160px-Main_Auditorium%2C_Helsinki_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Main_Auditorium%2C_Helsinki_University.jpg/240px-Main_Auditorium%2C_Helsinki_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Main_Auditorium%2C_Helsinki_University.jpg/320px-Main_Auditorium%2C_Helsinki_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Main Auditorium, University of Helsinki</figcaption></figure> <p>The university is located on four main <a href="/wiki/Campus" title="Campus">campuses</a>. Originally, the entire university was located in the very centre of Helsinki, but due to the rapid growth of the university since the 1930s, premises have been built and acquired in other areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_Centre_Campus">City Centre Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: City Centre Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historical <a href="/wiki/City_Centre_Campus" title="City Centre Campus">City Centre Campus</a> has been the hub of activity ever since the university moved from Turku to Helsinki in the early 19th century. The campus has a central location and reflects the architectural style of this part of the city. The university buildings in the city center house the Faculties of Theology, Law, Arts, Behavioural Sciences and Social Sciences plus administrative functions. Most of the buildings on the campus have a major architectural significance ranging from the dominating Neo-Classical, through the Jugendstil, to 20th century Modernism. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsinki--Psyc_Department.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Helsinki--Psyc_Department.jpg/220px-Helsinki--Psyc_Department.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Helsinki--Psyc_Department.jpg/330px-Helsinki--Psyc_Department.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Helsinki--Psyc_Department.jpg/440px-Helsinki--Psyc_Department.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3537" data-file-height="2168" /></a><figcaption>Minerva, Department of Teacher Education</figcaption></figure> <p>The City Centre Campus, extending around the historical centre of Helsinki, Senate Square, and Kruununhaka city district, is the administrative heart of the University of Helsinki and has the largest concentration of faculties in Helsinki. </p><p>After the Great Fire of Turku in 1827, Emperor Nicholas I ordered the Royal Academy of Turku be moved to the new capital city of the Grand Duchy of Finland, Helsinki, where the Imperial Alexander University in Finland began to operate the next year. Helsinki was to become Finland's window to the world; a European city to which the university belonged as an integral part. <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ludvig_Engel" title="Carl Ludvig Engel">Carl Ludvig Engel</a>, architect, was given the assignment of designing an Empire-style main building next to Senate Square, facing the Imperial Senate. The main building was completed in 1832. Thanks to the lessons learnt from the fire of Turku, the library was built separate from other premises. The library and several faculty buildings in the campus were also designed by Engel. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HU-main-building-1944b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/HU-main-building-1944b.jpg/220px-HU-main-building-1944b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/HU-main-building-1944b.jpg/330px-HU-main-building-1944b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/HU-main-building-1944b.jpg/440px-HU-main-building-1944b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>University Main Building on fire after Soviet bombings in 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>The main building as well as other buildings of the campus were badly damaged during the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Helsinki_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Helsinki in World War II">Soviet bombings in World War II</a> but rebuilt after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plan concerning the concentration of university facilities dating back to the 1980s, aimed to achieve a closer unity between facilities. The City Centre Campus does not stand out from the rest of the urban environment but is a part of the city, in line with the old university tradition. The university facilities still form a functional and coherent whole, consisting not only of historically valuable buildings, but also of facilities for 20,000 students and 3,000 teachers and other staff. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kumpula_Campus">Kumpula Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Kumpula Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kumpula_Campus" title="Kumpula Campus">Kumpula Campus</a>, housing the Faculty of Science, is located four kilometers north from the centre of Helsinki near tram lines 6 and 8. The campus houses the Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Statistics, Computer Science, and Geosciences and Geography. </p><p>The university departments were located in Kumpula for the first time in 1978 when the City of Helsinki leased the area for the university. A planning competition for the city plan for the area was held a year earlier. In the 1980s, the Accelerator Laboratory of the Department of Physics was quarried into Kumpula rock and the construction of Kumpula Botanical Garden began in 1987. It was not, however, until the 1990s when the construction work proper began, transforming the area into a significant campus. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kumpula_Campus_Physicum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kumpula_Campus_Physicum.jpg/220px-Kumpula_Campus_Physicum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kumpula_Campus_Physicum.jpg/330px-Kumpula_Campus_Physicum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kumpula_Campus_Physicum.jpg/440px-Kumpula_Campus_Physicum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2882" data-file-height="1819" /></a><figcaption>Kumpula Campus Physicum</figcaption></figure> <p>The Chemicum, the building housing the Department of Chemistry and VERIFIN (Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention), and the Physicum, which provides facilities for physics, geology and geography are located on Kumpula campus surrounding a square named after the Finnish Nobel prize winner, A. I. Virtanen. Kumpula Campus Library is also located in the Physicum. The Kumpula Sports Centre is planned for the recreational use of both university staff and students and citizens of Helsinki alike. Completed in 2004, the Exactum provides facilities for seismology, computer science and mathematical subjects, as well as administrative services. </p><p>The campus comprises two main parts: the Botanical Garden, surrounding the old building stock of Kumpula manor and the modern new building stock located a couple of hundred metres north of the manor. The greenness of the area makes the dynamic campus stand out as a unique, distinctive complex. The campus offers study and research facilities for 6,000 students and 1,000 teachers. The Finnish Meteorological Institute moved to the area in 2005. That building is known as Dynamicum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meilahti_Campus">Meilahti Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Meilahti Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Meilahti_Campus" title="Meilahti Campus">Meilahti Campus</a>, with the Faculty of Medicine, is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Meilahti" title="Meilahti">Meilahti</a> Hospital District on the edge of the city centre. Just a few kilometres from the City Centre Campus, the Meilahti area has been transformed into a cradle of top research on medicine, 'Medilahti'. Established in the 1930s, the Women's Clinic was accompanied by Finland's leading hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH) in 1966. The same year saw the completion of facilities for theoretical subject departments on Haartmaninkatu street. The building is now being renovated and extended. </p><p>The latest completed facilities in the campus include the National Library of Health Sciences (Terkko) and the research and teaching centre Biomedicum that houses several research institutes including the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Neuroscience Center (NC), and Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research. </p><p>The Ruskeasuo premises, including the Department of Dentistry, Institute for Oral Health, Department of Public Health and Department of Forensic Medicine, also belong to the Meilahti campus. The Meilahti and Ruskeasuo areas form a close-knit complex providing a meeting place for medical education, international top-level research and nursing. The campus is a workplace for 2,000 students and 1,500 teachers. </p><p>Thanks to the years-long project to combine the teaching facilities of the Faculty of Medicine, Meilahti is now a functional unity of medicine and health care. The atmosphere in the campus inspires people in their studies, research and international co-operation. </p><p>Although the Meilahti campus is intertwined with the rest of Meilahti district, it succeeds in forming a clear-cut campus area with its hospital-type building stock. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viikki_Campus">Viikki Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Viikki Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Viikki_Campus" title="Viikki Campus">Viikki Campus</a> is located in the semi-suburban greenspace of the <a href="/wiki/Viikki" title="Viikki">Viikki</a> area, some 8 kilometres north-east of the city centre. It houses the Faculties of Agriculture and Forestry, Biosciences, Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy. It is an important concentration in the field of biosciences, even by European standards. Indeed, it is often called the bioscience campus or the "green campus". </p><p>In addition to biosciences, the campus is home to a wide range of other life science researchers and students in such fields as environmental science, veterinary medicine, food research and economics. Numerous international research groups also work on the Viikki Campus. The Viikki Campus is the location of four faculties, three independent research institutes (Institute of Biotechnology (BI), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE) and Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE)) and the Viikki Science Library. </p><p>It also attracts an increasing number of businesses to the Helsinki Business and Science Park. The Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute and the Finnish Food Safety Authority, Evira, have also moved to Viikki and negotiations are under way to relocate MTT Agrifood Research Finland to Viikki to complement the Department of Economics and Management. </p><p>The Viikki Campus unites a multidisciplinary science community of more than 6,500 students and 1,600 teachers, a residential area emphasising ecological values and the natural surroundings, including recreational areas and nature reserves, and forms a unique whole. The campus also has the Viikinlahti conservation area, which is particularly popular among bird watchers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libraries_and_museums">Libraries and museums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Libraries and museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_National_Library_of_Finland">The National Library of Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The National Library of Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior,_National_Library_of_Finland,_2019_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Interior%2C_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/170px-Interior%2C_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Interior%2C_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/255px-Interior%2C_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Interior%2C_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/340px-Interior%2C_National_Library_of_Finland%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3796" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the National Library of Finland</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Finland" title="National Library of Finland">National Library of Finland</a> is the foremost research library in Finland and the main branch of the University of Helsinki's library system. The National Library of Finland is the oldest and largest scholarly library in Finland as well as one of the largest independent institutes at the University of Helsinki. It is responsible for the collection, description, preservation and accessibility of Finland's printed national heritage and the unique collections under its care. The National Library also serves as a national service and development centre for the library sector and promotes national and international cooperation in the field. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Helsinki_University_Main_Library">The Helsinki University Main Library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: The Helsinki University Main Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaisa-talo3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kaisa-talo3.jpg/150px-Kaisa-talo3.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kaisa-talo3.jpg/225px-Kaisa-talo3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kaisa-talo3.jpg/300px-Kaisa-talo3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The new Main Library in Kaisa House</figcaption></figure> <p>The Main Library of the university is used by students for research and studying. Located a few blocks down the street from the university's main building in the city center, the new Main Library was opened in 2012 in the Kaisa House. The new library merged the undergraduate library and four dispersed faculty libraries of the city center campus to a collection of approximately 1.5 million books.<sup id="cite_ref-ht-kaisa-library_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ht-kaisa-library-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The architecture of the new building, designed by Anttinen Oiva Architects, has been praised<sup id="cite_ref-ht-kaisa-library_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ht-kaisa-library-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and received several awards.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Helsinki_University_Museum">The Helsinki University Museum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The Helsinki University Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_University_Museum" title="Helsinki University Museum">Helsinki University Museum</a> is the museum of the University of Helsinki and was located until June 2014 on <i>Snellmanninkatu</i> off the north-east corner of Senate Square. Museums main exhibition moved to the University Main Building in 2015. </p><p>Helsinki University Museum was established in 2003 by merging the former University Museum specialising in the history of the University of Helsinki, the Museum of Medical History, the Museum of the History of Veterinary Medicine, the Museum of the History of Dentistry and the Collections of Craft Science. To complement the new conglomeration of museums, the Mineral Cabinet, which today belongs to the Finnish Museum of Natural History, returned to its original location in the Arppeanum building. Each year the museum also holds one or two temporary exhibitions in a specially designed area. Museums exhibition in Arppeanum Building was closed in June 2014. New main exhibition was opened in the Main Building in March 2015. </p><p>The University Museum is in charge of the preservation and conservation of the university's valuable museum collections and property: old tuition and research equipment, furniture and works of art. The museum maintains an index register of all valuables that are kept in the facilities of the university. The museum also provides library, archive and photographic services pertaining to the history of the university and the history of medical science. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finnish_Museum_of_Natural_History">Finnish Museum of Natural History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Finnish Museum of Natural History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsingin_Luonnontieteellinen_museo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Helsingin_Luonnontieteellinen_museo.JPG/200px-Helsingin_Luonnontieteellinen_museo.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Helsingin_Luonnontieteellinen_museo.JPG/300px-Helsingin_Luonnontieteellinen_museo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Helsingin_Luonnontieteellinen_museo.JPG/400px-Helsingin_Luonnontieteellinen_museo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1716" data-file-height="1308" /></a><figcaption>Museum of Natural History</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Finnish Museum of Natural History">Finnish Museum of Natural History</a> is a research institution under the University of Helsinki. It is responsible for the national botanical, zoological, geological and paleontological collections consisting of samples from around the world. The collections serve scientific, public informational and educational purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Student life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_Union">Student Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Student Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsinki_Old_Student_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Helsinki_Old_Student_House.jpg/180px-Helsinki_Old_Student_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Helsinki_Old_Student_House.jpg/270px-Helsinki_Old_Student_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Helsinki_Old_Student_House.jpg/360px-Helsinki_Old_Student_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vanha_Ylioppilastalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanha Ylioppilastalo">The Old Student House</a> (Student Union), Aleksanterinkatu</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Student_Union_of_the_University_of_Helsinki" title="Student Union of the University of Helsinki">Student Union of the University of Helsinki</a> (<i>Helsingin yliopiston ylioppilaskunta</i>, HYY) was founded in 1868. It currently has 32,000 members and is one of the world's wealthiest student organizations, with assets of several hundred million <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euros</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other things, it owns a good deal of property in the city centre of Helsinki. The union has been at the centre of student politics from the 19th Century nationalist movements, through the actions of the New Left in the 1960s, up to the present. Its governing assembly consists of parties which are connected to faculty organisations, the <a href="/wiki/Nations_at_Finnish_universities#Student_nations_at_Helsinki_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Nations at Finnish universities">Student Nations</a>, and the mainstream <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Finland" title="List of political parties in Finland">political parties</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_nations">Student nations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Student nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nations_in_Finnish_universities#Student_nations_at_Helsinki_University" title="Nations in Finnish universities">student nations</a> are student organisations that provide extra-curricular activities to students. Along with the faculty-based organisations, the nations provide one of the main nodes of student social life. The nations at University of Helsinki have a special legal status in the Universities Act. There are 15 nations at the university, each one representing a historic region or province of Finland, with four of these representing <a href="/wiki/Swedish-speaking_Finns" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish-speaking Finns">Swedish-speaking</a> regions. Membership is optional. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nylands_Nations_hus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nylands Nation"><img alt="Nylands Nation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Nylands_Nations_hus.jpg/120px-Nylands_Nations_hus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Nylands_Nations_hus.jpg/180px-Nylands_Nations_hus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Nylands_Nations_hus.jpg/240px-Nylands_Nations_hus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1074" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nylands_Nation" title="Nylands Nation">Nylands Nation</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostrobotnia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="North Ostrobothnian Nation"><img alt="North Ostrobothnian Nation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ostrobotnia.jpg/120px-Ostrobotnia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ostrobotnia.jpg/180px-Ostrobotnia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ostrobotnia.jpg/240px-Ostrobotnia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pohjois-Pohjalainen_Osakunta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pohjois-Pohjalainen Osakunta">North Ostrobothnian Nation</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1087px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_Square_-_Senaatintori_-_Senatstorget,_Helsinki,_Finland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of the Senate Square. University main building on left."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Senate_Square_-_Senaatintori_-_Senatstorget%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland.jpg/1079px-Senate_Square_-_Senaatintori_-_Senatstorget%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland.jpg" decoding="async" width="1079" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Senate_Square_-_Senaatintori_-_Senatstorget%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland.jpg/1619px-Senate_Square_-_Senaatintori_-_Senatstorget%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Senate_Square_-_Senaatintori_-_Senatstorget%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland.jpg/2158px-Senate_Square_-_Senaatintori_-_Senatstorget%2C_Helsinki%2C_Finland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12336" data-file-height="2973" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_Square_-_Senaatintori_-_Senatstorget,_Helsinki,_Finland.jpg" title="File:Senate Square - Senaatintori - Senatstorget, Helsinki, Finland.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Senate_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Senate Square">Senate Square</a>. University main building on left.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_alumni,_faculty,_and_staff"><span id="Notable_alumni.2C_faculty.2C_and_staff"></span>Notable alumni, faculty, and staff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable alumni, faculty, and staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Life </th> <th>Details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elli_Saurio" title="Elli Saurio">Elli Saurio</a> </td> <td>(1899–1966) </td> <td>Professor of household economics </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jukka_Nevakivi" title="Jukka Nevakivi">Jukka Nevakivi</a> </td> <td>(1931-) </td> <td>Professor of political history </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Derek_Fewster" title="Derek Fewster">Derek Fewster</a> </td> <td>(1962-) </td> <td>Historian </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joy_Wolfram" title="Joy Wolfram">Joy Wolfram</a> </td> <td>(1989-) </td> <td>Nanoscientist, BS and MS </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a> </td> <td>(1949–) </td> <td>Nobel Laureate (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Economics_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Economics Prize">Economics</a>, 2016) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liisa_Ahtee" title="Liisa Ahtee">Liisa Ahtee</a> </td> <td>(1937—) </td> <td>Pharmacology, pioneer developer of pharmacological research in Finland. Albert Wuokko Award recipient in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Finnish_Pharmacological_newsletter_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finnish_Pharmacological_newsletter-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pauli_Kettunen" title="Pauli Kettunen">Pauli Kettunen</a> </td> <td>(1953-) </td> <td>professor of political history </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lars_Ahlfors" title="Lars Ahlfors">Lars Ahlfors</a> </td> <td>(1907–1996) </td> <td>Mathematician, one of two first to be awarded the <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> in 1936 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helmi_Arneberg-Pentti" title="Helmi Arneberg-Pentti">Helmi Arneberg-Pentti</a> </td> <td>(1889-1981) </td> <td>Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Lotta_Sv%C3%A4rd" title="Lotta Svärd">Lotta Svärd</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finnish</a> auxiliary organisation for women, from 1921 to 1922 and 1925 to 1929. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emma_Irene_%C3%85str%C3%B6m" title="Emma Irene Åström">Emma Irene Åström</a> </td> <td>(1847–1934) </td> <td>First female university graduate in Finland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tancred_Borenius" title="Tancred Borenius">Tancred Borenius</a> </td> <td>(1885–1948) </td> <td>Art historian and diplomat </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anders_Chydenius" title="Anders Chydenius">Anders Chydenius</a> </td> <td>(1729–1803) </td> <td>Priest, economist, and politician </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anders_Donner" title="Anders Donner">Anders Donner</a> </td> <td>(1854–1938) </td> <td>Astronomer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Elfving" title="Fredrik Elfving">Fredrik Elfving</a> </td> <td>(1854–1942) </td> <td>Botanist and plant physiologist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Elfving" title="Gustav Elfving">Gustav Elfving</a> </td> <td>(1908–1984) </td> <td>Mathematician and statistician. Pioneer in the <a href="/wiki/Optimal_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Optimal design">optimal design</a> of <a href="/wiki/Design_of_experiments" title="Design of experiments">experiments</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elsa_En%C3%A4j%C3%A4rvi-Haavio" title="Elsa Enäjärvi-Haavio">Elsa Enäjärvi-Haavio</a> </td> <td>(1918–1951) </td> <td>PhD (1932), docent, writer, politician. Chairwoman in many institutions. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elin_Kallio" title="Elin Kallio">Elin Kallio</a> </td> <td>(1859–1927) </td> <td>Considered the founder of the women's gymnastic movement in Finland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a> </td> <td>(1900–1991) </td> <td>Nobel Laureate (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Medicine</a>, 1967) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Gyld%C3%A9n" title="Hugo Gyldén">Hugo Gyldén</a> </td> <td>(1841–1896) </td> <td>Astronomer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarja_Halonen" title="Tarja Halonen">Tarja Halonen</a> </td> <td>(1943–) </td> <td>Lawyer (<a href="/wiki/LL.M." class="mw-redirect" title="LL.M.">LL.M.</a>) and the former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> (2000–2012) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosina_Heikel" title="Rosina Heikel">Rosina Heikel</a> </td> <td>(1842–1929) </td> <td>First Finnish female physician, feminist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaakko_Hintikka" title="Jaakko Hintikka">Jaakko Hintikka</a> </td> <td>(1929–2015) </td> <td>Philosopher and logician </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harri_Holkeri" title="Harri Holkeri">Harri Holkeri</a> </td> <td>(1937–2011) </td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Finland">Prime minister of Finland</a> (1987–1991) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Riitta_Jallinoja" title="Riitta Jallinoja">Riitta Jallinoja</a> </td> <td>(1943–) </td> <td>Sociologist, academic </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jukka_Jernvall" title="Jukka Jernvall">Jukka Jernvall</a> </td> <td>(1963–) </td> <td>Evolutionary developmental biologist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vesa_Kanniainen" title="Vesa Kanniainen">Vesa Kanniainen</a> </td> <td>(1948–) </td> <td>Economist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kari_Karhunen" title="Kari Karhunen">Kari Karhunen</a> </td> <td>(1915–1992) </td> <td>Mathematician </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urho_Kaleva_Kekkonen" class="mw-redirect" title="Urho Kaleva Kekkonen">Urho Kaleva Kekkonen</a> </td> <td>(1900–1986) </td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Prime Minister of Finland</a> (1950–1953, 1954–1956) and former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> (1956–1982) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elina_Kahla" title="Elina Kahla">Elina Kahla</a> </td> <td>(1960) </td> <td>Academic, writer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleksis_Kivi" title="Aleksis Kivi">Aleksis Kivi</a> </td> <td>(1834–1872) </td> <td>Writer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nils_Kock" title="Nils Kock">Nils Kock</a> </td> <td>(1924–2011) </td> <td>Surgeon and developer of the <a href="/wiki/Kock_pouch" title="Kock pouch">Kock pouch</a> procedure for <a href="/wiki/Ileostomy" title="Ileostomy">ileostomits</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Kurt%C3%A9n" title="Björn Kurtén">Björn Kurtén</a> </td> <td>(1924–1988) </td> <td>Palaeontologist </td></tr> <tr> <td>Werner Krieglstein </td> <td>(1941–) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> fellow and <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright Scholar</a>, as well as being a philosopher, author, and actor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jarl_Lindeberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarl Lindeberg">Jarl Lindeberg</a> </td> <td>(1876–1932) </td> <td>Mathematician </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lindel%C3%B6f" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernst Lindelöf">Ernst Lindelöf</a> </td> <td>(1870–1946) </td> <td>Mathematician </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elias_L%C3%B6nnrot" title="Elias Lönnrot">Elias Lönnrot</a> </td> <td>(1802–1884) </td> <td>Collector of <a href="/wiki/Kalevala" title="Kalevala">Kalevala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Nevanlinna" title="Rolf Nevanlinna">Rolf Nevanlinna</a> </td> <td>(1895–1980) </td> <td>Mathematician </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld</a> </td> <td>(1832–1901) </td> <td>Geologist and Arctic explorer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Gustaf Nordenskiöld">Gustaf Nordenskiöld</a> </td> <td>(1868–1895) </td> <td>Donor of the <a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park#Gustaf_Nordenskiöld" title="Mesa Verde National Park">Mesa Verde</a> artifacts to the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Finland" title="National Museum of Finland">National Museum of Finland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jorma_Ollila" title="Jorma Ollila">Jorma Ollila</a> </td> <td>(1950–) </td> <td>Former chairman of <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> and non-executive chairman of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Shell">Royal Dutch Shell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juho_Kusti_Paasikivi" title="Juho Kusti Paasikivi">Juho Kusti Paasikivi</a> </td> <td>(1870–1956) </td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Prime Minister of Finland</a> (1918 & 1944–1946) and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> (1946–1956) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lauri_Kristian_Relander" title="Lauri Kristian Relander">Lauri Kristian Relander</a> </td> <td>(1883–1942) </td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> (1925–1931) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Risto_Ryti" title="Risto Ryti">Risto Ryti</a> </td> <td>(1889–1956) </td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Prime Minister of Finland</a> (1939–1940) and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> (1940–1944) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esa_Saarinen" title="Esa Saarinen">Esa Saarinen</a> </td> <td>(1953–) </td> <td>Philosopher </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ivi_Set%C3%A4l%C3%A4" title="Päivi Setälä">Päivi Setälä</a> </td> <td>(1943–2014) </td> <td>Historian and professor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Jean Sibelius</a> </td> <td>(1865–1957) </td> <td>Composer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juha_Sihvola" title="Juha Sihvola">Juha Sihvola</a> </td> <td>(1957–2012) </td> <td>Philosopher and historian </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frans_Emil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Frans Emil Sillanpää">Frans Emil Sillanpää</a> </td> <td>(1888–1964) </td> <td>Nobel Laureate (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a>, 1939) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg">Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg</a> </td> <td>(1865–1952) </td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> (1919–1925) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Fritiof_Sundman" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Fritiof Sundman">Karl Fritiof Sundman</a> </td> <td>(1873–1949) </td> <td>Astronomer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pehr_Evind_Svinhufvud" title="Pehr Evind Svinhufvud">Pehr Evind Svinhufvud</a> </td> <td>(1861–1944) </td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Prime Minister of Finland</a> (1930–1931) and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> (1931–1937) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teivo_Teivainen" title="Teivo Teivainen">Teivo Teivainen</a> </td> <td>(1970–) </td> <td>Professor of world politics </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaana_Toivari-Viitala" title="Jaana Toivari-Viitala">Jaana Toivari-Viitala</a> </td> <td>(1964-2017) </td> <td>Chair of the Finnish Egyptology Society </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Topelius" class="mw-redirect" title="Zacharias Topelius">Zacharias Topelius</a> </td> <td>(1818–1898) </td> <td>Writer and historian </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a> </td> <td>(1969–) </td> <td>Creator of <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Git" title="Git">Git</a>, and the main developer of the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Ilmari Virtanen</a> </td> <td>(1895–1973) </td> <td>Nobel Laureate (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, 1945) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jussi V. Koivisto </td> <td>(1965–) </td> <td>Economist and educator </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edvard_August_Vainio" title="Edvard August Vainio">Edvard August Vainio</a> </td> <td>(1853–1929) </td> <td>Lichenologist; student from 1870 to 1880; associate professor of botany 1880–1906 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bror-Erik_Wallenius" title="Bror-Erik Wallenius">Bror-Erik Wallenius</a> </td> <td>(1943–) </td> <td>Sports commentator </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mika_Waltari" title="Mika Waltari">Mika Waltari</a> </td> <td>(1908–1979) </td> <td>Novelist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georg_Henrik_von_Wright" title="Georg Henrik von Wright">Georg Henrik von Wright</a> </td> <td>(1916–2003) </td> <td>Philosopher and president of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Finland">Academy of Finland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Erato_Kozakou-Marcoullis" title="Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis">Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis</a> </td> <td>(1949–) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus">Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juha_Hernesniemi" title="Juha Hernesniemi">Juha Hernesniemi</a> </td> <td>(1947–2023) </td> <td>Neurosurgeon </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helvi_Poutasuo" class="mw-redirect" title="Helvi Poutasuo">Helvi Poutasuo</a> </td> <td>(1943–2017) </td> <td>Teacher, translator, editor, politician </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eeva-Kaarina_Aronen" title="Eeva-Kaarina Aronen">Eeva-Kaarina Aronen</a> </td> <td>(1948–2015) </td> <td>Author, journalist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pigga_Keskitalo" title="Pigga Keskitalo">Pigga Keskitalo</a> </td> <td>(1972-) </td> <td>Sámi politician and academic </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaakko_Suolahti" title="Jaakko Suolahti">Jaakko Suolahti</a> </td> <td>(1918–1987) </td> <td>Classicists scholar and Professor in History </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Rossi" title="Derrick Rossi">Derrick Rossi</a> </td> <td>(1966–) </td> <td>Stem cell biologist and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Moderna_Therapeutics" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderna Therapeutics">Moderna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Suomela" title="Klaus Suomela">Klaus Suomela</a> </td> <td>(1888–1962) </td> <td>Dramatic arts and gymnastics (Olympic gymnastics silver medallist 1912) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laura_Maria_Harmaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Laura Maria Harmaja">Laura Maria Harmaja</a> </td> <td>(1881–1954) </td> <td>Economist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaana_B%C3%A4ck" title="Jaana Bäck">Jaana Bäck</a> </td> <td>(b. 1961) </td> <td>Finnish plant ecologist and professor of forest-atmosphere interactions at the University of Helsinki </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chancellors">Chancellors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Chancellors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chancellor is the highest representative of the University of Helsinki. He is elected by the college, the highest body of staff representation at the university. According to the University Act, the chancellor's task is to promote the sciences and monitor the interests of the university. The chancellor has the right to attend meetings of the Government of Finland on matters concerning the University of Helsinki. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Chancellors</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Hjelt" title="Edvard Hjelt">Edvard Hjelt</a> </td> <td>1917–1921 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anders_Donner" title="Anders Donner">Anders Donner</a> </td> <td>1921–1926 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Suolahti" title="Hugo Suolahti">Hugo Suolahti</a> </td> <td>1926–1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antti_Tulenheimo" title="Antti Tulenheimo">Antti Tulenheimo</a> </td> <td>1944–1952 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pekka_Myrberg" title="Pekka Myrberg">Pekka Myrberg</a> </td> <td>1952–1962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Linkomies" title="Edwin Linkomies">Edwin Linkomies</a> </td> <td>1962–1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paavo_Ravila" title="Paavo Ravila">Paavo Ravila</a> </td> <td>1963–1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentti_Renvall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentti Renvall (page does not exist)">Pentti Renvall</a> </td> <td>1968–1973 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mikko_Juva" title="Mikko Juva">Mikko Juva</a> </td> <td>1973–1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Palm%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Palmén (page does not exist)">Ernst Palmén</a> </td> <td>1978–1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nils_Oker-Blom" title="Nils Oker-Blom">Nils Oker-Blom</a> </td> <td>1983–1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olli_Lehto" title="Olli Lehto">Olli Lehto</a> </td> <td>1988–1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lauri_Sax%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lauri Saxén (page does not exist)">Lauri Saxén</a> </td> <td>1993–1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Risto_Ihamuotila" title="Risto Ihamuotila">Risto Ihamuotila</a> </td> <td>1996–2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kari_Raivio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kari Raivio (page does not exist)">Kari Raivio</a> </td> <td>2003–2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilkka_Niiniluoto" title="Ilkka Niiniluoto">Ilkka Niiniluoto</a> </td> <td>2008–2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Wilhelmsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Wilhelmsson (page does not exist)">Thomas Wilhelmsson</a> </td> <td>2013–2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarle_H%C3%A4meri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaarle Hämeri (page does not exist)">Kaarle Hämeri</a> </td> <td>2017– </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rectors">Rectors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Rectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rectors</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waldemar_Ruin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waldemar Ruin (page does not exist)">Waldemar Ruin</a></td> <td>1915–1920 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivar_August_Heikel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivar August Heikel">Ivar August Heikel</a></td> <td>1920–1922 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Suolahti" title="Hugo Suolahti">Hugo Suolahti</a></td> <td>1923–1926 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antti_Tulenheimo" title="Antti Tulenheimo">Antti Tulenheimo</a></td> <td>1926–1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Brotherus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Brotherus (page does not exist)">Robert Brotherus</a></td> <td>1931–1938 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaarlo_Linkola" title="Kaarlo Linkola">Kaarlo Linkola</a></td> <td>1938–1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Nevanlinna" title="Rolf Nevanlinna">Rolf Nevanlinna</a></td> <td>1941–1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_L%C3%A5ngfors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Långfors (page does not exist)">Arthur Långfors</a></td> <td>1945–1950 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erik_L%C3%B6nnroth_(Finnish_professor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erik Lönnroth (Finnish professor) (page does not exist)">Erik Lönnroth</a></td> <td>1950–1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paavo_Ravila" title="Paavo Ravila">Paavo Ravila</a></td> <td>1953–1956 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Linkomies" title="Edwin Linkomies">Edwin Linkomies</a></td> <td>1956–1962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erkki_Kivinen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erkki Kivinen (page does not exist)">Erkki Kivinen</a></td> <td>1962–1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mikko_Juva" title="Mikko Juva">Mikko Juva</a></td> <td>1971–1973 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Philip_Palm%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Philip Palmén (page does not exist)">Ernst Palmén</a></td> <td>1973–1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nils_Oker-Blom" title="Nils Oker-Blom">Nils Oker-Blom</a></td> <td>1978–1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olli_Lehto" title="Olli Lehto">Olli Lehto</a></td> <td>1983–1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ivi%C3%B6_Tommila" title="Päiviö Tommila">Päiviö Tommila</a></td> <td>1988–1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Risto_Ihamuotila" title="Risto Ihamuotila">Risto Ihamuotila</a></td> <td>1992–1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kari_Raivio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kari Raivio (page does not exist)">Kari Raivio</a></td> <td>1996–2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilkka_Niiniluoto" title="Ilkka Niiniluoto">Ilkka Niiniluoto</a></td> <td>2003–2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Wilhelmsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Wilhelmsson (page does not exist)">Thomas Wilhelmsson</a></td> <td>2008–2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jukka_Kola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jukka Kola (page does not exist)">Jukka Kola</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2013–2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jari_Niemel%C3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jari Niemelä (page does not exist)">Jari Niemelä</a></td> <td>2018-2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sari_Lindblom" title="Sari Lindblom">Sari Lindblom</a></td> <td>2022– </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Finland" title="History of Finland">History of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Senate_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Senate Square">Helsinki Senate Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Finland" title="List of universities in Finland">List of universities in Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Finland" title="Education in Finland">Education in Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_University_of_Technology" title="Helsinki University of Technology">Helsinki University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europaeum" title="Europaeum">Europaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Helsinki&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search?query=%22Universitas+Helsingiensis%22&sin=TXT">"Search"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3D%2522Universitas%2BHelsingiensis%2522%26sin%3DTXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Helsinki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Helsingin_yliopiston_opetuksen_ja_opintojen_eettiset_periaatteet-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Helsingin_yliopiston_opetuksen_ja_opintojen_eettiset_periaatteet_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109094542/https://www2.helsinki.fi/sites/default/files/atoms/files/hy_eettiset_periaatteet.pdf">"Helsingin yliopiston opetuksen ja opintojen eettiset periaatteet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.helsinki.fi/sites/default/files/atoms/files/hy_eettiset_periaatteet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helsingin+yliopiston+opetuksen+ja+opintojen+eettiset+periaatteet&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.helsinki.fi%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2Fhy_eettiset_periaatteet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Helsinki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/higher-education-policy/sari-lindblom-appointed-rector-university-helsinki">"University Management, University of Helsinki"</a>. 28 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+Management%2C+University+of+Helsinki&rft.date=2022-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fhigher-education-policy%2Fsari-lindblom-appointed-rector-university-helsinki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Helsinki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-university-in-numbers-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-university-in-numbers_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helsinki.fi/en/about-us/basic-information/university-numbers">"The University of Helsinki in numbers"</a>. 22 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Helsinki+in+numbers&rft.date=2021-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fbasic-information%2Funiversity-numbers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Helsinki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://universityofhelsinki.github.io/Styleguide/">"Styleguide"</a>. <i>universityofhelsinki.github.io</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=universityofhelsinki.github.io&rft.atitle=Styleguide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funiversityofhelsinki.github.io%2FStyleguide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Helsinki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helsinki.fi/fi/tutustu-meihin/tama-helsingin-yliopisto/yliopisto-numeroina">"Yliopisto numeroina | Helsingin yliopisto"</a>. <i>www.helsinki.fi</i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.helsinki.fi&rft.atitle=Yliopisto+numeroina+%7C+Helsingin+yliopisto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2Ffi%2Ftutustu-meihin%2Ftama-helsingin-yliopisto%2Fyliopisto-numeroina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Helsinki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172641/http://www.helsinki.fi/tutkinnonuudistus/materiaalit/raportit/Bologna_review_20041122.pdf">"Bologna Process at the University of Helsinki"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsinki.fi/tutkinnonuudistus/materiaalit/raportit/Bologna_review_20041122.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bologna+Process+at+the+University+of+Helsinki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2Ftutkinnonuudistus%2Fmateriaalit%2Fraportit%2FBologna_review_20041122.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Helsinki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UNICA = "Institutional Network of the Universities from the Capitals of Europe".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.is.fi/kotimaa/art-2000008286183.html">Pentagonilta jättirahoitus Helsingin yliopiston johtamaan syöpätutkimushankkeeseen</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Ilta-Sanomat" title="Ilta-Sanomat">Ilta-Sanomat</a></i> (in Finnish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UppslagsFiUniv-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UppslagsFiUniv_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UppslagsFiUniv_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UppslagsFiUniv_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundman2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sundman, Lasse (24 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uppslagsverket.fi/sv/sok/view-103684-Universitetsadresserna">"Universitetsadresserna"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Uppslagsverket_Finland" title="Uppslagsverket Finland">Uppslagsverket Finland</a></i> (in Swedish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uppslagsverket+Finland&rft.atitle=Universitetsadresserna&rft.date=2011-04-24&rft.aulast=Sundman&rft.aufirst=Lasse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuppslagsverket.fi%2Fsv%2Fsok%2Fview-103684-Universitetsadresserna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Helsinki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UppslagsverketFi-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UppslagsverketFi_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindberg2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lindberg, Johan (5 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uppslagsverket.fi/sv/sok/view-103684-TannerVaeinoe">"Tanner, Väinö"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Uppslagsverket_Finland" title="Uppslagsverket Finland">Uppslagsverket Finland</a></i> (in Swedish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uppslagsverket+Finland&rft.atitle=Tanner%2C+V%C3%A4in%C3%B6&rft.date=2011-08-05&rft.aulast=Lindberg&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuppslagsverket.fi%2Fsv%2Fsok%2Fview-103684-TannerVaeinoe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Helsinki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gamla.hbl.fi/feature/2014-02-02/562831/natten-nar-helsingfors-skulle-forintas">"Natten när Helsingfors skulle förintas"</a>. <i>Hbl.fi | Finlands ledande nyhetssajt på svenska</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Helsinki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2Fyliopistonhistoria%2Fenglish%2Fimperal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Helsinki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hänninen, Jyri: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/Toinen+ep%C3%A4illyist%C3%A4+Iskua+yliopistoon+ei+oikeasti+aiottu+tehd%C3%A4/a1401077980271">Toinen epäillyistä: Iskua yliopistoon ei oikeasti aiottu tehdä</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helsingin_Sanomat" title="Helsingin Sanomat">Helsingin Sanomat</a>, 26 May 2014. Accessed on 26 May 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAleksi2014" class="citation web cs1">Aleksi (29 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/finland-news/domestic/11028-duo-jailed-for-plotting-killing-spree-at-university-of-helsinki.html">"Duo jailed for plotting killing spree at University of Helsinki"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timeshighereducation.com&rft.atitle=World+University+Rankings&rft.date=2023-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Helsinki" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/finland">"U.S. News Education: Best Global Universities 2022-23"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Berlin">FU Berlin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_Institute_of_International_and_Development_Studies" title="Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies">Geneva Graduate Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KU_Leuven" title="KU Leuven">KU Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Luxembourg" title="University of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit%C3%A4t_M%C3%BCnchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München">Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeu_Fabra_University" title="Pompeu Fabra University">Pompeu Fabra</a></li> <li><a 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Dublin (TCD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruprecht_Karl_University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Milan" title="University of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">LMU Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris-Saclay_University" title="Paris-Saclay University">Paris-Saclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_University" title="Sorbonne University">Sorbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">UCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">Zurich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Una_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#3B38EB;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Una_Europa" title="Template:Una Europa"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Una_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Una Europa (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Una_Europa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Una Europa"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Una_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Una_Europa" title="Una Europa"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Una Europa</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">FU Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Kraków (Jagiellonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KU_Leuven" title="KU Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Madrid (Complutense)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_1_Panth%C3%A9on-Sorbonne_University" title="Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University">Paris I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Network_of_Universities_from_the_Capitals_of_Europe_(UNICA)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNICA" title="Template:UNICA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UNICA" title="Template talk:UNICA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UNICA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UNICA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Network_of_Universities_from_the_Capitals_of_Europe_(UNICA)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Network_of_Universities_from_the_Capitals_of_Europe" title="Network of Universities from the Capitals of Europe">Network of Universities from the Capitals of Europe (UNICA)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">Amsterdam (UvA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara_University" title="Ankara University">Ankara (AU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Technical_University" title="Middle East Technical University">Ankara (METU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Belgrade" title="University of Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freie_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Freie Universität Berlin">Berlin (FU Berlin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Berlin (HU Berlin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comenius_University_in_Bratislava" class="mw-redirect" title="Comenius University in Bratislava">Bratislava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_libre_de_Bruxelles" title="Université libre de Bruxelles">Brussels (ULB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit_Brussel" title="Vrije Universiteit Brussel">Brussels (VUB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bucharest" title="University of Bucharest">Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">Dublin (UCD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky_Kyiv_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute">Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lausanne" title="University of Lausanne">Lausanne (UNIL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lisbon" title="University of Lisbon">Lisbon (ULisboa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Nova_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Nova de Lisboa">Lisbon (NOVA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">London (KCL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_University_of_Madrid" title="Charles III University of Madrid">Madrid (UC3M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Madrid (UCM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_School_of_Economics" title="Higher School of Economics">Moscow (HSE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cyprus" title="University of Cyprus">Nicosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Sciences_et_Lettres_University" title="Paris Sciences et Lettres University">Paris (PSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Sorbonne_Nouvelle" title="Université Sorbonne Nouvelle">Paris (USN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iceland" title="University of Iceland">Reykjavík</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Latvia" title="University of Latvia">Riga (Latvia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Tre_University" title="Roma Tre University">Rome III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Rome-La Sapienza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rome_Tor_Vergata" title="University of Rome Tor Vergata">Rome-Tor Vergata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ss._Cyril_and_Methodius_University_of_Skopje" title="Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje">Skopje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_University" title="Sofia University">Sofia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_University" title="Stockholm University">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_University" title="Tallinn University">Tallinn (TU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_University_of_Technology" title="Tallinn University of Technology">Tallinn (TalTech)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tirana" title="University of Tirana">Tirana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warsaw" title="University of Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zagreb" title="University of Zagreb">Zagreb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Utrecht_Network_of_European_inter-university_cooperations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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class="nobold">Belgium</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Antwerp" title="University of Antwerp">University of Antwerp</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Czech Republic</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Masaryk_University" title="Masaryk University">Masaryk University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Denmark</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Estonia</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Finland</span></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Helsinki</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">France</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Lille_Nord_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Lille Nord de France">Université Lille Nord de France</a> - <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lille" title="University of Lille">University of Lille</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">University of Strasbourg</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Germany</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bochum" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Bochum">University of Bochum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_University" title="Leipzig University">Leipzig University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Greece</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aristotle_University_of_Thessaloniki" title="Aristotle University of Thessaloniki">Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Hungary</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Eötvös Loránd University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Ireland</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Italy</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Latvia</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Latvia" title="University of Latvia">University of Latvia</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Lithuania</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Malta</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Malta" title="University of Malta">University of Malta</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Netherlands</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_School_of_the_Arts" title="Utrecht School of the Arts">Utrecht School of the Arts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Norway</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">University of Bergen</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Poland</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Portugal</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Romania</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza_University" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza University">Alexandru Ioan Cuza University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Slovakia</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comenius_University_in_Bratislava" class="mw-redirect" title="Comenius University in Bratislava">Comenius University in Bratislava</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Slovenia</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Spain</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Complutense University of Madrid</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Valencia" title="University of Valencia">Valencia</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Sweden</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lund" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Lund">Lund</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Switzerland</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Basel" title="University of Basel">University of Basel</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Turkey</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fazi%C3%A7i_University" title="Boğaziçi University">Boğaziçi</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">United Kingdom</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's University Belfast</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">University of Hull</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">Networks of European universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERASMUS_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="ERASMUS programme">ERASMUS programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Higher_education_in_Uusimaa,_Finland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Higher_education_in_Uusimaa" title="Template:Higher education in Uusimaa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Higher_education_in_Uusimaa" title="Template talk:Higher education in Uusimaa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Higher_education_in_Uusimaa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Higher education in Uusimaa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Higher_education_in_Uusimaa,_Finland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher education</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uusimaa" title="Uusimaa">Uusimaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Finland" title="List of universities in Finland">List of universities in Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_universities_of_applied_sciences_in_Finland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of universities of applied sciences in Finland (page does not exist)">List of universities of applied sciences in Finland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalto_University" title="Aalto University">Aalto University</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Helsinki</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uusimaa" title="Coat of arms of Uusimaa"><img alt="Coat of arms of Uusimaa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Uusimaa.vaakuna.svg/50px-Uusimaa.vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Uusimaa.vaakuna.svg/75px-Uusimaa.vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Uusimaa.vaakuna.svg/100px-Uusimaa.vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="588" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialised universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_Helsinki" title="University of the Arts Helsinki">University of the Arts Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanken_School_of_Economics" title="Hanken School of Economics">Hanken School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_University_(Finland)" title="National Defence University (Finland)">National Defence University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcada_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Arcada University of Applied Sciences">Arcada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaconia_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Diaconia University of Applied Sciences">Diaconia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haaga%E2%80%93Helia_University_of_Applied_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Haaga–Helia University of Applied Sciences">Haaga–Helia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HUMAK_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="HUMAK University of Applied Sciences">HUMAK</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurea_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Laurea University of Applied Sciences">Laurea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Metropolia_University_of_Applied_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences">Metropolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novia_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Novia University of Applied Sciences">Novia</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>1</sup> Has at least one campus outside Uusimaa.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28695#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28695#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28695#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404102071">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/136043487">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/37372-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80126090">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118816367">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118816367">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35709837">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Helsingin yliopisto"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20020322333&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX125580">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90086760">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000075354&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000470136&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=126698">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/vs68bvgd4z47kx4">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810659300705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/22113">Vatican</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/22108">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262417705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000038390">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058507804206706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/aba53044-09e7-417b-a549-9a458705b794">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA18858142?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500300314">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1052376">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026599775">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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