CINXE.COM

Qi (État) — Wikipédia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Qi (État) — Wikipédia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )frwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janvier","février","mars","avril","mai","juin","juillet","août","septembre","octobre","novembre","décembre"],"wgRequestId":"12d02bd3-dfaf-4fb0-959e-62ecf6f02d30","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Qi_(État)","wgTitle":"Qi (État)","wgCurRevisionId":218372952,"wgRevisionId":218372952,"wgArticleId":265546,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Page utilisant des données de Wikidata à traduire de l'anglais","Article utilisant une Infobox","Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais","Article contenant un appel à traduction en chinois","Portail:Civilisations asiatiques/Articles liés","Portail:Histoire/Articles liés","Portail:Asie/Articles liés","Portail:Histoire de la Chine/Articles liés","Ancien État en Chine","État de la période des Printemps et Automnes", "État de la période des Royaumes combattants","Shandong","Âge du bronze en Chine","Ancien royaume en Asie","État fondé au XIe siècle av. J.-C.","État disparu au IIIe siècle av. J.-C."],"wgPageViewLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Qi_(État)","wgRelevantArticleId":265546,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"fr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"fr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q837855","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready" ,"mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.gadget.Wdsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/1200px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1104"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/800px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="736"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/640px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="589"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Qi (État) — Wikipédia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(%C3%89tat)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifier" href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (fr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//fr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(%C3%89tat)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Qi_État rootpage-Qi_État skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Aller au contenu</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" title="Accueil général [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Accueil</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Accueil"><span>Portails thématiques</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Page_au_hasard" title="Affiche un article au hasard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article au hasard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contact"><span>Contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuer" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:D%C3%A9buter"><span>Débuter sur Wikipédia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Accueil" title="Accès à l’aide"><span>Aide</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_de_la_communaut%C3%A9" title="À propos du projet, ce que vous pouvez faire, où trouver les informations"><span>Communauté</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes" title="Liste des modifications récentes sur le wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Modifications récentes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l&#039;encyclopédie libre" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-fr.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Recherche" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rechercher</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Outils personnels"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l&#039;apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Apparence" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apparence</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=fr" class=""><span>Faire un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&amp;returnto=Qi+%28%C3%89tat%29" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire." class=""><span>Créer un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=Qi+%28%C3%89tat%29" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connecter</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plus d’options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils personnels" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils personnels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utilisateur" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=fr"><span>Faire un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&amp;returnto=Qi+%28%C3%89tat%29" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Créer un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=Qi+%28%C3%89tat%29" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Premiers_pas" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Histoire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Histoire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fondation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fondation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Fondation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fondation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apogée" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apogée"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Apogée</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apogée-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Décadence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Décadence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Décadence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Décadence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_reddition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_reddition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>La reddition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_reddition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Souverains_de_Qi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Souverains_de_Qi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Souverains de Qi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Souverains_de_Qi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clan_Jiang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clan_Jiang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Clan Jiang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clan_Jiang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clan_Tian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clan_Tian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>Clan Tian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clan_Tian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Qi (État)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 30 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="ولاية تشي – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ولاية تشي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouantelezh_Qi" title="Rouantelezh Qi – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rouantelezh Qi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(Shandong)" title="Qi (Shandong) – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Qi (Shandong)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C" title="ویلایەتی چی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلایەتی چی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(Staat)" title="Qi (Staat) – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Qi (Staat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state) – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Qi (state)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Qi" title="Estado Qi – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado Qi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%A8-koet" title="Chhè-koet – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhè-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(negara_bagian)" title="Qi (negara bagian) – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Qi (negara bagian)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(stato)" title="Qi (stato) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Qi (stato)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%89%E5%9B%BD" title="斉国 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="斉国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ცის სამეფო – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცის სამეფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="제나라 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제나라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Чи ванлиг – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чи ванлиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(negeri)" title="Qi (negeri) – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Qi (negeri)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(staat)" title="Qi (staat) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Qi (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi" title="Qi – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Qi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(Shandong)" title="Qi (Shandong) – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Qi (Shandong)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(okres_Zhou)" title="Qi (okres Zhou) – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Qi (okres Zhou)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Chi" title="Reino de Chi – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino de Chi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8_(%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD)" title="Ци (Шаньдун) – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ци (Шаньдун)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(dr%C5%BEava)" title="Qi (država) – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Qi (država)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(stat)" title="Qi (stat) – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Qi (stat)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B5" title="รัฐฉี – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐฉี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(devlet)" title="Qi (devlet) – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Qi (devlet)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Ці (держава) – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ці (держава)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C_(%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="چی (ریاست) – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چی (ریاست)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%81_(n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc)" title="Tề (nước) – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tề (nước)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%9B%BD" title="齐国 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="齐国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AA_(Chiu)" title="Chê (Chiu) – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chê (Chiu)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q837855#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Qi_(%C3%89tat)" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Qi_(%C3%89tat)" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Qi_(%C3%89tat)"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Qi_(%C3%89tat)"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Qi_(%C3%89tat)" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Qi_(%C3%89tat)" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;oldid=218372952" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&amp;page=Qi_%28%C3%89tat%29&amp;id=218372952&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FQi_%28%25C3%2589tat%29"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FQi_%28%25C3%2589tat%29"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Qi+%28%C3%89tat%29"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Qi_%28%C3%89tat%29&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Qi_(state)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q837855" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Qi" class="mw-disambig" title="Qi">Qi</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #EBEBEB;"> <div>Qi<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Langues_chinoises" title="Langues chinoises">zh</a>)&#x20;齊</small></div> </div><p class="center"><a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="XIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="11ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle&#160;<abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a>&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/221_av._J.-C." title="221 av. J.-C.">221 av. J.-C.</a></p><table style="width:100%"> </table><table><caption class="hidden" style=""> </caption></table><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/220px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/330px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/440px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="4348" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Les <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_des_Royaumes_combattants" title="Période des Royaumes combattants">Royaumes combattants</a> vers <a href="/wiki/260_av._J.-C." title="260 av. J.-C.">260 av. J.-C.</a>&#160;; le Qi est en jaune</div><table><caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;">Informations générales</caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Capitale" title="Capitale">Capitale</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Linzi</a></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Monnaie" title="Monnaie">Monnaie</a></th> <td> Knife money <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knife_money" class="extiw" title="en:Knife money"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;">Histoire et événements</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="XIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="11ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle&#160;<abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a></th> <td> Naissance de l'État</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/384_av._J.-C." title="384 av. J.-C.">384 av. J.-C.</a></th> <td> Prise de pouvoir par la famille Tian</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/288_av._J.-C." title="288 av. J.-C.">288 av. J.-C.</a></th> <td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Min_Wang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Min Wang (page inexistante)">Min Wang</a> est déclaré <i>Empereur de l'Est</i></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/221_av._J.-C." title="221 av. J.-C.">221 av. J.-C.</a></th> <td> Le Qi est conquis par le <a href="/wiki/Qin_(%C3%89tat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin (État)">Qin</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table><div class="hr" style="background-color:#aaa; height:1px;"></div><div style="float:left;width:45%;"> <p>Entités précédentes&#160;:</p> <ul style="text-align:left"> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_Zhou" title="Dynastie Zhou">Dynastie Zhou</a></li></ul></div><div style="float:right;width:45%;"> <p>Entités suivantes&#160;:</p> <ul style="text-align:left"> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_(%C3%89tat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin (État)">Qin</a></li></ul></div><div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#EBEBEB;"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/frwiki/Qi_(%C3%89tat)" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/frwiki/Qi (État)">voir Wikidata</a> <a href="/wiki/Aide:Infobox_Wikidata" title="Aide:Infobox Wikidata">(aide)</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Ancienne_entit%C3%A9_territoriale" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:QiZhuan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/QiZhuan.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="161" /></a><figcaption>État du Qi (calligraphie chinoise ancienne, <a href="/wiki/220_av._J.-C." title="220 av. J.-C.">220 av. J.-C.</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Qi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sinogramme_traditionnel" title="Sinogramme traditionnel">chinois traditionnel</a> 齊; <a href="/wiki/Chinois_simplifi%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinois simplifié">chinois simplifié</a> 齐; <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">pinyin</a> qí) était un État relativement puissant des périodes des <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_des_Printemps_et_Automnes" title="Période des Printemps et Automnes">Printemps et Automnes</a> et des <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_des_Royaumes_combattants" title="Période des Royaumes combattants">Royaumes combattants</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Articles connexes&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%89tat_de_Qi_de_860_av._J.-C." title="Coup d&#39;État de Qi de 860 av. J.-C.">Coup d'État de Qi de 860 av. J.-C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Loulin" title="Bataille de Loulin">Bataille de Loulin</a> et <a href="/wiki/Guerre_de_succession_de_Qi" title="Guerre de succession de Qi">Guerre de succession de Qi</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fondation">Fondation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Fondation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Fondation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Qi est fondé vers 1046 av. J.-C., peu de temps après l’avènement de la <a href="/wiki/Dynastie_Zhou" title="Dynastie Zhou">dynastie Zhou</a>. Sa capitale était <a href="/wiki/Linzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Linzi">Linzi</a>, qui correspond aujourd'hui à la ville de <a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a> au <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>. Le premier duc est <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Ziya" title="Jiang Ziya">Jiang Shang</a>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/384_av._J.-C." title="384 av. J.-C.">384 av. J.-C.</a>, un coup d’État de la famille Tian met fin au règne de plusieurs siècles de la famille <a href="/wiki/Jiang_(famille)" title="Jiang (famille)">Jiang</a>. Sa capacité à venir à bout d’ennemis de taille plus importante, comme le <a href="/wiki/Chu_(%C3%89tat)" title="Chu (État)">Chu</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Qin_(%C3%89tat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin (État)">Qin</a> en fait une force avec laquelle il faut composer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apogée"><span id="Apog.C3.A9e"></span>Apogée</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Apogée" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Apogée"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le roi Wei (<a href="/wiki/356_av._J.-C." title="356 av. J.-C.">356</a>-<a href="/wiki/320_av._J.-C." title="320 av. J.-C.">320 av. J.-C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-LüShi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LüShi-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) lance un programme de réformes pour renforcer le royaume<sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Plusieurs mesures sont adoptées pendant son règne pour encourager l’agriculture et le défrichement de nouvelles terres. Des récompenses sont prévues, d’autre part, pour quiconque est capable d’adresser au prince des remontrances. L’antique coutume de la remontrance, jusqu’alors un devoir des conseillers nobles, est ainsi étendue à l’ensemble de la population. </p><p>Qi affronte victorieusement l’État de <a href="/wiki/Wei_(%C3%89tat)" title="Wei (État)">Wei</a> à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Guiling" title="Bataille de Guiling">bataille de Guiling</a> vers <a href="/wiki/353_av._J.-C." title="353 av. J.-C.">353 av. J.-C.</a> et à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Maling" title="Bataille de Maling">bataille de Maling</a> en <a href="/wiki/342_av._J.-C." title="342 av. J.-C.">342 av. J.-C.</a>, et devient pour un temps la puissance hégémonique en Chine<sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Vers 350 av. J.-C., le royaume reconstruit et prolonge la muraille défensive construite au <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle&#160;<abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Linzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Linzi">Linzi</a>, capitale des Qi, aurait atteint 350&#160;000&#160;habitants<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La ville s’est enrichie par le commerce du bronze, des tissus, du sel et du poisson. La présence d’une classe urbaine d’artisans libres, de petits marchands et d’artistes est bien attestée. Les métiers sont regroupés par quartiers. </p><p>Sous le règne du roi Xuan (319-301 av. J.-C.), Linzi accueille un millier de lettrés. La célèbre <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Jixia" title="Académie Jixia">Académie Jixia</a>, où s’affrontent moralistes et théoriciens de la politique, est de la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle&#160;<abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> à <a href="/wiki/-221" class="mw-redirect" title="-221">221</a> <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> le principal centre intellectuel de la période des <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_des_Royaumes_combattants" title="Période des Royaumes combattants">Royaumes combattants</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Décadence"><span id="D.C3.A9cadence"></span>Décadence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Décadence" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décadence"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/288_av._J.-C." title="288 av. J.-C.">288 av. J.-C.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Min_Wang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Min Wang (page inexistante)">Min Wang</a> est déclaré Empereur de l’Est, tandis que le dirigeant de <a href="/wiki/Qin_(%C3%89tat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin (État)">Qin</a> est considéré comme l’Empereur de l’Ouest. L'année suivante, le roi Min décida d'un commun accord avec le roi de Qin, d'abandonner le titre d'Empereur, puisque tous les autres États s'en étaient fortement offusqués. Puis en <a href="/wiki/286_av._J.-C." title="286 av. J.-C.">286 av. J.-C.</a>, Qi se coalisa avec Chu et Wei pour envahir et annexer le pays de Song. Mais le pays de Song était un État allié à Qin et le roi de Qin se mit très en colère. Deux ans plus tard, la rumeur circula que le roi Min de Qi, voulait remplacer la maison royale des Zhou comme Fils du Ciel. Le roi de Qin s'enragea et organisa une coalition pour détruire Qi, qui comprenait; <a href="/wiki/Zhao" title="Zhao">Zhao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yan" title="Yan">Yan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_(%C3%89tat)" title="Han (État)">Han</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wei_(%C3%89tat)" title="Wei (État)">Wei</a> et <a href="/wiki/Chu_(%C3%89tat)" title="Chu (État)">Chu</a>. L'armée de Qi fut totalement détruite. Le roi Min s'enfuit à Wei, mais dut à nouveau s'enfuir, cette fois à Zou, son arrogance l'ayant isolé. L'armée de Yan eut même l'occasion d'assiéger <a href="/wiki/Linzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Linzi">Linzi</a>. Finalement, le roi Min est assassiné par un général de Chu, Nao Chi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_reddition">La reddition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : La reddition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : La reddition"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Qi se rend sans résistance en <a href="/wiki/221_av._J.-C." title="221 av. J.-C.">221 av. J.-C.</a> à <a href="/wiki/Qin_(%C3%89tat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin (État)">Qin</a>. Qi était épuisé. Sa reddition achève l’unification complète de la Chine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Souverains_de_Qi">Souverains de Qi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Souverains de Qi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Souverains de Qi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Clan_Jiang">Clan Jiang</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Clan Jiang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Clan Jiang"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Ziya" title="Jiang Ziya">Jiang Ziya</a> (姜子牙), régna de <a href="/wiki/860_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="860 av. J.-C.">860 av. J.-C.</a> à <a href="/wiki/858_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="858 av. J.-C.">858 av. J.-C.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Ding_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Ding de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Ding</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Ding_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Ding of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Ding of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊丁公), son fils</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Yi_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Yi de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Yi</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Y%C7%90_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Yǐ of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Yǐ of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊乙公), son fils</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Gui_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Gui de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Gui</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Gui_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Gui of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Gui of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊癸公), son fils</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Ai_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Ai de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Ai</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Ai_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Ai of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Ai of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊哀公), son fils</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Hu_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Hu de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Hu</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Hu_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Hu of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Hu of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊胡公), son frère</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Xian_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Xian de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Xian</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Xian_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Xian of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Xian of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊獻公), son frère, régna de vers <a href="/wiki/859_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="859 av. J.-C.">859 av. J.-C.</a> à <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_850_av._J.-C." title="Années 850 av. J.-C.">851 av. J.-C.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Wu_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Wu de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Wu</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Wu_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Wu of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Wu of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊武公), son fils, régna de <a href="/wiki/850_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="850 av. J.-C.">850 av. J.-C.</a> à <a href="/wiki/825_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="825 av. J.-C.">825 av. J.-C.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Li_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Li de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Li</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Li_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Li of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Li of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊厲公), son fils, régna de <a href="/wiki/824_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="824 av. J.-C.">824 av. J.-C.</a> à <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_810_av._J.-C." title="Années 810 av. J.-C.">816 av. J.-C.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Wen_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Wen de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Wen</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Wen_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Wen of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Wen of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊文公), son fils, régna de <a href="/wiki/815_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="815 av. J.-C.">815 av. J.-C.</a> à <a href="/wiki/804_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="804 av. J.-C.">804 av. J.-C.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Cheng_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Cheng de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Cheng</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Cheng_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Cheng of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Cheng of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊成公), son fils, régna de <a href="/wiki/804_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="804 av. J.-C.">804 av. J.-C.</a> à <a href="/wiki/795_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="795 av. J.-C.">795 av. J.-C.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Zhuang_Ier_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Zhuang Ier de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Zhuang Ier</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Zhuang_I_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Zhuang I of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Zhuang I of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊前莊公), son fils, régna de 794 av. J.-C. à 731 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Xi_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Xi de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Xi</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Xi_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Xi of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Xi of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊僖公), son fils, régna de 730 av. J.-C. à 698 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Xiang_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Xiang de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Xiang</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Xiang_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Xiang of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Xiang of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊襄公), son fils, régna de 697 av. J.-C. à 686 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wuzhi_(Qi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wuzhi (Qi) (page inexistante)">Wuzhi</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuzhi_(Qi)" class="extiw" title="en:Wuzhi (Qi)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Wuzhi (Qi)&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (無知), son cousin, régna en 685 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duc_Huan_de_Qi" class="mw-redirect" title="Duc Huan de Qi">Duc Huan</a> (齊桓公), frère cadet du duc Xiang, régna de 685 av. J.-C. à 643 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wukui&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wukui (page inexistante)">Wukui</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wukui" class="extiw" title="en:Wukui"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Wukui&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (無虧), son fils, régna en 642 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Xiao_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Xiao de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Xiao</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Xiao_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Xiao of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Xiao of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊孝公), son frère, régna de 642 av. J.-C. à 633 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Zhao_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Zhao de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Zhao</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Zhao_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Zhao of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Zhao of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊昭公), son frère, régna de 632 av. J.-C. à 613 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=She_(Qi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="She (Qi) (page inexistante)">She</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She_(Qi)" class="extiw" title="en:She (Qi)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;She (Qi)&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (舍), son fils, régna en 613 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Y%C3%AC_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Yì de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Yì</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Y%C3%AC_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Yì of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Yì of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊懿公), son oncle, régna de 612 av. J.-C. à 609 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Hui_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Hui de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Hui</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Hui_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Hui of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Hui of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊惠公), son frère, régna de 608 v. J.-C. à 599 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Qing_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Qing de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Qing</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Qing_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Qing of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Qing of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊頃公), son fils, régna de 598 v. J.-C. à 582 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Ling_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Ling de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Ling</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Ling_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Ling of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Ling of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊頃公), son fils, régna de 581 v. J.-C. à 554 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Zhuang_II_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Zhuang II de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Zhuang II</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Zhuang_II_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Zhuang II of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Zhuang II of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊後莊公), son fils, régna de 553 av. J.-C. à 548 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Jing_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Jing de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Jing</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Jing_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Jing of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Jing of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊景公), son fils, régna de 547 av. J.-C. à 490 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Dao_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Dao de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Dao</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Dao_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Dao of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Dao of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊悼公), son frère, régna de 488 v. J.-C. à 485 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Jian_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Jian de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Jian</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Jian_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Jian of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Jian of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊簡公), son fils, régna de 484 v. J.-C. à 481 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Ping_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Ping de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Ping</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Ping_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Ping of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Ping of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊平公), son frère, régna de 480 v. J.-C. à 456 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Xuan_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Xuan de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Xuan</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Xuan_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Xuan of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Xuan of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊宣公), son fils, régna de 455 v. J.-C. à 405 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Kang_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Kang de Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Kang</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Kang_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Kang of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Kang of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊宣公), son fils, régna de 404 v. J.-C. à 386 av. J.-C.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Clan_Tian">Clan Tian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Clan Tian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Clan Tian"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Tai_de_Tian_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Tai de Tian Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Tai</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Tai_of_Tian_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Tai of Tian Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Tai of Tian Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (田齊太公), renverse Kang en 386 v. J.-C., régna de 386 v. J.-C. à 384 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_de_Tian_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan de Tian Qi (page inexistante)">Yan</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan,_Marquis_of_Tian" class="extiw" title="en:Yan, Marquis of Tian"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Yan, Marquis of Tian&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (田侯剡), son fils, régna de 383 v. J.-C. à 375 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_Huan_de_Tian_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc Huan de Tian Qi (page inexistante)">Duc Huan</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Huan_of_Tian_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Duke Huan of Tian Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Duke Huan of Tian Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (田齊桓公), son frère, régna de 374 v. J.-C. à 357 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roi_Wei_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roi Wei de Qi (page inexistante)">Roi Wei</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Wei_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:King Wei of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;King Wei of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊威王), son fils, régna de 356 v. J.-C. à 320 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roi_Xuan_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roi Xuan de Qi (page inexistante)">Roi Xuan</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Xuan_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:King Xuan of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;King Xuan of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊宣王), son fils, régna de 319 v. J.-C. à 301 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roi_Min_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roi Min de Qi (page inexistante)">Roi Min</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Min_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:King Min of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;King Min of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊湣王), son fils, régna de 300 v. J.-C. à 284 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roi_Xiang_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roi Xiang de Qi (page inexistante)">Roi Xiang</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Xiang_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:King Xiang of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;King Xiang of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊襄王), son fils, régna de 283 v. J.-C. à 265 av. J.-C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roi_Jian_de_Qi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roi Jian de Qi (page inexistante)">Roi Jian</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jian_of_Qi" class="extiw" title="en:Jian of Qi"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Jian of Qi&#160;»">(en)</span></a> (齊王建), son fils, régna de 264 v. J.-C. à 221 av. J.-C.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LüShi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-LüShi_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lü2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Buwei_Lü2000">Buwei <span class="nom_auteur">Lü</span> (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr>&#160;John Knoblock and Jeffrey Riegel), <cite class="italique">The Annals of Lü Buwei</cite>, Stanford, California, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>, <time>2000</time>, Glossary, 782<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Annals+of+L%C3%BC+Buwei&amp;rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=L%C3%BC&amp;rft.aufirst=Buwei&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.tpages=Glossary%2C+782&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AQi+%28%C3%89tat%29"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaufman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_2-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kaufman,_R._Little,_W._Wohlforth2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="S._Kaufman,_R._Little,_W._Wohlforth2007">S. Kaufman, R. Little, W. Wohlforth, <cite class="italique">Balance of Power in World History</cite>, Springer, <time>2007</time>, 279&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-230-59168-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-230-59168-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-230-59168-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=qpCDDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA138">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Balance+of+Power+in+World+History&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.au=S.+Kaufman%2C+R.+Little%2C+W.+Wohlforth&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.tpages=279&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-230-59168-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AQi+%28%C3%89tat%29"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Xue,_Victor_F._S._Sit2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fengxuan_Xue,_Victor_F._S._Sit2010">Fengxuan Xue, Victor F. S. Sit, <cite class="italique">Chinese City and Urbanism&#160;: Evolution and Development</cite>, <a href="/wiki/World_Scientific" title="World Scientific">World Scientific</a>, <time>2010</time>, 356&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-981-4293-73-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-981-4293-73-0"><span class="nowrap">978-981-4293-73-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=8zD7yhtRLBcC&amp;pg=PA108">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chinese+City+and+Urbanism&amp;rft.pub=World+Scientific&amp;rft.stitle=Evolution+and+Development&amp;rft.au=Fengxuan+Xue%2C+Victor+F.+S.+Sit&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.tpages=356&amp;rft.isbn=978-981-4293-73-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AQi+%28%C3%89tat%29"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="MAS">Henri <span class="nom_auteur">Maspero</span>, <cite class="italique">La Chine antique</cite>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France" title="Presses universitaires de France">PUF</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Dito&#160;», <time>1985</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> 1927)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+Chine+antique&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=PUF&amp;rft.aulast=Maspero&amp;rft.aufirst=Henri&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AQi+%28%C3%89tat%29"></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="LI"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Li Xueqin (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr>&#160;K. C. Chang), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Eastern Zhou &amp; Qin Civilization</cite>, New Haven et Londres, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Early Chinese Civilizations Series&#160;», <time>1985</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Eastern+Zhou+%26+Qin+Civilization&amp;rft.place=New+Haven+et+Londres&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft.au=Li+Xueqin&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AQi+%28%C3%89tat%29"></span></span></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89tat_de_la_dynastie_Zhou_orientale" title="Modèle:Palette État de la dynastie Zhou orientale"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89tat_de_la_dynastie_Zhou_orientale&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">États de la <a href="/wiki/Dynastie_Zhou_de_l%27Est" title="Dynastie Zhou de l&#39;Est">dynastie Zhou orientale</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle-221 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>)</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/14px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/21px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/28px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_des_Printemps_et_Automnes" title="Période des Printemps et Automnes">Printemps et Automnes</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">États principaux</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cai_(%C3%89tat)" title="Cai (État)">Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_(%C3%89tat)" title="Cao (État)">Cao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_(%C3%89tat)" title="Chen (État)">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chu_(%C3%89tat)" title="Chu (État)">Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_(%C3%89tat)" title="Jin (État)">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_(%C3%89tat)" title="Lu (État)">Lu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_Qin" title="État de Qin">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_(%C3%89tat)" title="Song (État)">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_(Printemps_et_Automnes)" title="Wei (Printemps et Automnes)">Wey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_Wu" title="État de Wu">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan" title="Yan">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_(%C3%89tat)" title="Yue (État)">Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng" title="Zheng">Zheng</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">États secondaires</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_(%C3%89tat)" title="Ba (État)">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bei_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bei (État) (page inexistante)">Bei</a>&#160;<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%B6%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:邶國"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en chinois&#160;: «&#160;邶國&#160;»">(zh)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chao_(%C3%89tat)" title="Chao (État)">Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_(%C3%89tat)" title="Dao (État)">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_(p%C3%A9riode_des_Printemps_et_Automnes)" title="Dai (période des Printemps et Automnes)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_(%C3%89tat)" title="Deng (État)">Deng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_(%C3%89tat)" title="E (État)">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Oriental" title="Guo Oriental">Guo Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Occidental" title="Guo Occidental">Guo Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumie" title="Gumie">Gumie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guzhu" title="Guzhu">Guzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_(%C3%89tat)" title="Han (État)">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_(%C3%89tat)" title="Hua (État)">Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_(%C3%89tat)" title="Huang (État)">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_(%C3%89tat)" title="Huo (État)">Huo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_(%C3%89tat)" title="Ji (État)">Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jia_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jia (État) (page inexistante)">Jia</a>&#160;<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:賈國"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en chinois&#160;: «&#160;賈國&#160;»">(zh)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju_(%C3%89tat)" title="Ju (État)">Ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_(%C3%89tat)" title="Lai (État)">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_(%C3%89tat)" title="Liang (État)">Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liao_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liao (État) (page inexistante)">Liao</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Liao (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Liao (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_(%C3%89tat)" title="Lü (État)">Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_(%C3%89tat)" title="Luo (État)">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peng_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peng (État) (page inexistante)">Peng</a>&#160;<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%97%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:倗國"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en chinois&#160;: «&#160;倗國&#160;»">(zh)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pi (État) (page inexistante)">Pi</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Pi (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Pi (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quan_(%C3%89tat)" title="Quan (État)">Quan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rui_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rui (État) (page inexistante)">Rui</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rui_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Rui (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Rui (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruo_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruo (État) (page inexistante)">Ruo</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Ruo (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Ruo (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shen_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shen (État) (page inexistante)">Shen</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Shen (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Shen (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C4%9Bn_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shěn (État) (page inexistante)">Shěn</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C4%9Bn_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Shěn (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Shěn (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sui_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sui (État) (page inexistante)">Sui</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sui_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Sui (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Sui (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_(%C3%89tat)" title="Tan (État)">Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_(%C3%89tat)" title="Jin (État)">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_(%C3%89tat)" title="Xi (État)">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_(%C3%89tat)" title="Xian (État)">Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xing_(%C3%89tat)" title="Xing (État)">Xing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu (État) (page inexistante)">Xu</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Xu (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Xu (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X%C7%94_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Xǔ (État) (page inexistante)">Xǔ</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C7%94_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Xǔ (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Xǔ (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang (État) (page inexistante)">Yang</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Yang (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Yang (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiqu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yiqu (page inexistante)">Yiqu</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiqu" class="extiw" title="en:Yiqu"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Yiqu&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yu (État) (page inexistante)">Yu</a>&#160;<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%84%B6%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:鄶國"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en chinois&#160;: «&#160;鄶國&#160;»">(zh)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeng_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeng (État) (page inexistante)">Zeng</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeng_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Zeng (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Zeng (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongli_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongli (État) (page inexistante)">Zhongli</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhongli_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Zhongli (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Zhongli (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_(%C3%89tat)" title="Zhongshan (État)">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoulai" title="Zhoulai">Zhoulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_(%C3%89tat)" title="Zou (État)">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/14px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/21px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/28px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_des_Royaumes_combattants" title="Période des Royaumes combattants">Royaumes combattants</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Sept_Royaumes_combattants" title="Sept Royaumes combattants">Sept Royaumes</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chu_(%C3%89tat)" title="Chu (État)">Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_(%C3%89tat)" title="Han (État)">Han</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_Qin" title="État de Qin">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_(%C3%89tat)" title="Wei (État)">Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan" title="Yan">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao" title="Zhao">Zhao</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">États secondaires</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_(%C3%89tat)" title="Ba (État)">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_(%C3%89tat)" title="Cai (État)">Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_(p%C3%A9riode_des_Royaumes_combattants)" title="Dai (période des Royaumes combattants)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_(%C3%89tat)" title="Lu (État)">Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancien_royaume_de_Shu" title="Ancien royaume de Shu">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_(%C3%89tat)" title="Song (État)">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teng" title="Teng">Teng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_(Printemps_et_Automnes)" title="Wei (Printemps et Automnes)">Wey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiqu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yiqu (page inexistante)">Yiqu</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiqu" class="extiw" title="en:Yiqu"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Yiqu&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_(%C3%89tat)" title="Yue (État)">Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng" title="Zheng">Zheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_(%C3%89tat)" title="Zhongshan (État)">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Occidental_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Occidental (État) (page inexistante)">Zhou Occidental</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Zhou_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Western Zhou (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Western Zhou (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Oriental_(%C3%89tat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Oriental (État) (page inexistante)">Zhou Oriental</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Zhou_(state)" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Zhou (state)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Eastern Zhou (state)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_(%C3%89tat)" title="Zou (État)">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Civilisations_asiatiques" title="Portail des civilisations asiatiques"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/TerracottaOfficer.jpg/24px-TerracottaOfficer.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/TerracottaOfficer.jpg/36px-TerracottaOfficer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/TerracottaOfficer.jpg/48px-TerracottaOfficer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Civilisations_asiatiques" title="Portail:Civilisations asiatiques">Portail des civilisations asiatiques</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Histoire_de_la_Chine" title="Portail de l&#39;Histoire de la Chine"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/54px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/72px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Histoire_de_la_Chine" class="mw-redirect" title="Portail:Histoire de la Chine">Portail de l'Histoire de la Chine</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐twlxc Cached time: 20241125034444 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.434 seconds Real time usage: 0.597 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4331/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 119204/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 38736/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 57/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4438/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.157/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5537812/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 486.790 1 -total 35.89% 174.692 1 Modèle:Infobox_Ancienne_entité_territoriale 20.47% 99.627 57 Modèle:Lien 19.12% 93.078 17 Modèle:Wikidata 16.17% 78.711 1 Modèle:Références 14.39% 70.062 1 Modèle:Palette_État_de_la_dynastie_Zhou_orientale 13.80% 67.158 5 Modèle:Ouvrage 13.78% 67.060 1 Modèle:Méta_palette_de_navigation 9.75% 47.446 42 Modèle:Infobox_V3/Tableau_Ligne_mixte 9.14% 44.484 2 Modèle:Méta_palette_de_navigation_sous-groupe --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key frwiki:pcache:idhash:265546-0!canonical and timestamp 20241125034444 and revision id 218372952. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de «&#160;<a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qi_(État)&amp;oldid=218372952">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qi_(État)&amp;oldid=218372952</a>&#160;».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Ancien_%C3%89tat_en_Chine" title="Catégorie:Ancien État en Chine">Ancien État en Chine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89tat_de_la_p%C3%A9riode_des_Printemps_et_Automnes" title="Catégorie:État de la période des Printemps et Automnes">État de la période des Printemps et Automnes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89tat_de_la_p%C3%A9riode_des_Royaumes_combattants" title="Catégorie:État de la période des Royaumes combattants">État de la période des Royaumes combattants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Shandong" title="Catégorie:Shandong">Shandong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%82ge_du_bronze_en_Chine" title="Catégorie:Âge du bronze en Chine">Âge du bronze en Chine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Ancien_royaume_en_Asie" title="Catégorie:Ancien royaume en Asie">Ancien royaume en Asie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89tat_fond%C3%A9_au_XIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="Catégorie:État fondé au XIe siècle av. J.-C.">État fondé au XIe siècle av. J.-C.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89tat_disparu_au_IIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="Catégorie:État disparu au IIIe siècle av. J.-C.">État disparu au IIIe siècle av. J.-C.</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_des_donn%C3%A9es_de_Wikidata_%C3%A0_traduire_de_l%27anglais" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant des données de Wikidata à traduire de l&#039;anglais">Page utilisant des données de Wikidata à traduire de l'anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_%C3%A0_traduction_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais">Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_%C3%A0_traduction_en_chinois" title="Catégorie:Article contenant un appel à traduction en chinois">Article contenant un appel à traduction en chinois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Civilisations_asiatiques/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Civilisations asiatiques/Articles liés">Portail:Civilisations asiatiques/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles liés">Portail:Histoire/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Asie/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Asie/Articles liés">Portail:Asie/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Histoire_de_la_Chine/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Histoire de la Chine/Articles liés">Portail:Histoire de la Chine/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 5 septembre 2024 à 15:11.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a>&#160;: les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a>&#160;; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. Voyez les <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/fr">conditions d’utilisation</a> pour plus de détails, ainsi que les <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cr%C3%A9dits_graphiques" title="Wikipédia:Crédits graphiques">crédits graphiques</a>. En cas de réutilisation des textes de cette page, voyez <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer/Qi_(%C3%89tat)" title="Spécial:Citer/Qi (État)">comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence</a>.<br /> Wikipedia® est une marque déposée de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organisation de bienfaisance régie par le paragraphe <a href="/wiki/501c" title="501c">501(c)(3)</a> du code fiscal des États-Unis.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politique de confidentialité</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%80_propos_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia">À propos de Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux">Avertissements</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code de conduite</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Développeurs</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/fr.wikipedia.org">Statistiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Déclaration sur les témoins (cookies)</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qi_(%C3%89tat)&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Version mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-qq447","wgBackendResponseTime":195,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.434","walltime":"0.597","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4331,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":119204,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":38736,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":57,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4438,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 486.790 1 -total"," 35.89% 174.692 1 Modèle:Infobox_Ancienne_entité_territoriale"," 20.47% 99.627 57 Modèle:Lien"," 19.12% 93.078 17 Modèle:Wikidata"," 16.17% 78.711 1 Modèle:Références"," 14.39% 70.062 1 Modèle:Palette_État_de_la_dynastie_Zhou_orientale"," 13.80% 67.158 5 Modèle:Ouvrage"," 13.78% 67.060 1 Modèle:Méta_palette_de_navigation"," 9.75% 47.446 42 Modèle:Infobox_V3/Tableau_Ligne_mixte"," 9.14% 44.484 2 Modèle:Méta_palette_de_navigation_sous-groupe"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.157","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5537812,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-twlxc","timestamp":"20241125034444","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Qi (\u00c9tat)","url":"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qi_(%C3%89tat)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q837855","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q837855","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-05-18T12:13:02Z","dateModified":"2024-09-05T14:11:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/ca\/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg","headline":"\u9f4a, ancien \u00e9tat chinois"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10