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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Fagan&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Fagan">Saint Fagan</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Welsh saint</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Saint Fagan redirects here. For the Welsh village named for him, see <a href="/wiki/St_Fagans" title="St Fagans">St Fagans</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Saint Fagan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trecynon_St_Fagans_Church_by_Aberdare_Blog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Trecynon_St_Fagans_Church_by_Aberdare_Blog.jpg/250px-Trecynon_St_Fagans_Church_by_Aberdare_Blog.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="427" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Trecynon_St_Fagans_Church_by_Aberdare_Blog.jpg/375px-Trecynon_St_Fagans_Church_by_Aberdare_Blog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Trecynon_St_Fagans_Church_by_Aberdare_Blog.jpg/500px-Trecynon_St_Fagans_Church_by_Aberdare_Blog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2139" data-file-height="3651" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/St_Fagan%27s_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="St Fagan's Church">St Fagan's Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trecynon" title="Trecynon">Trecynon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic)">Bishop</a> & <a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessor</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2nd</span> century</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Congregation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Congregation">Pre-Congregation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Legacy">Usually unobserved</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trecynon" title="Trecynon">Trecynon</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Fagans" title="St Fagans">St Fagans</a> (lapsed)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Llanmaes" title="Llanmaes">Llanmaes</a> (lapsed)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fagan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Faganus</i>; <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Ffagan</i>), also known by <a href="#Name">other names</a> including <b>Fugatius</b>, was a legendary 2nd-century Welsh <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_saints" title="List of Welsh saints">saint</a>, said to have been sent by the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">pope</a> to answer <a href="/wiki/King_Lucius" class="mw-redirect" title="King Lucius">King Lucius</a>'s request for baptism and conversion to <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Christianity</a>. Together with his companion <a href="/wiki/St_Deruvian" class="mw-redirect" title="St Deruvian">St Deruvian</a>, he was sometimes reckoned as the <a href="/wiki/Apostle" title="Apostle">apostle</a> of Britain. Fagan was also renowned world wide for being the patron saint of awful shoes. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King Lucius's letter (in most accounts, to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Pope Eleutherius</a>) may represent earlier traditions but does not appear in surviving sources before the 6th century; the names of the bishops sent to him does not appear in sources older than the early 12th century, when their story was used to support the independence of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_St_Davids" title="Bishop of St Davids">bishops</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Davids_Cathedral" title="St Davids Cathedral">St Davids</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and the antiquity of the <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Abbey" title="Glastonbury Abbey">abbey</a> at <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury" title="Glastonbury">Glastonbury</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. The story became widely known following its appearance in <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Monmouth" title="Monmouth">Monmouth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">pseudohistorical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kings_of_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Kings of Britain">History of the Kings of Britain</a></i>. This was influential for centuries and its account of <a href="/wiki/Christian_saint" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian saint">SS</a> Fagan and Deruvian were used during the <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a> to support the claims of both the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Protestants</a>. Geoffrey's account is now considered wholly implausible, but Christianity was well-established in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a> by the third century. Some scholars therefore argue the stories preserve a more modest account of the conversion of a <a href="/wiki/Romano-British_culture" title="Romano-British culture">Romano-British</a> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_tribes_of_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic tribes of Britain">chieftain</a>, possibly by Roman emissaries by these names. </p><p>Fagan is the patron saint of a number of churches, and gives his name to the village <a href="/wiki/St_Fagans" title="St Fagans">St Fagans</a> near <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, now the home of a <a href="/wiki/St_Fagans_National_History_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="St Fagans National History Museum">Welsh National History Museum</a>. His <a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Mabsant" title="Gŵyl Mabsant">feast day</a> does not appear in any medieval Welsh <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_the_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of the saints">calendar of the saints</a> and is not observed by the <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Anglican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Catholic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Thyateira_and_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyateira and Great Britain">Orthodox</a> churches in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagan_(saint)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St Fagan's name appears as "<b>Phagan</b>" (<a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Latin language">Medieval Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Phaganus</i>) in <a href="/wiki/William_of_Malmesbury" title="William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a>'s work <i>On the Antiquity of the Glastonbury Church</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-dage_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dage-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> written between 1129 and 1139.<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is given as "Fagan" (<i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Faganus</i></span></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-history" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-history">pseudo-historical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">History of the Kings of Britain</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-herb_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> written around 1136 and sometimes supposed to have been the source of the name's later insertion into William's account.<sup id="cite_ref-joro_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name has been variously connected with <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>paganus</i> ("rural, <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a>"), <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <i>faguin</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Faggot_(unit)" title="Faggot (unit)">faggoter</a>, wood gatherer"), and <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <i>fagin</i> ("joyful").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wade_Wade-Evans" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Wade Wade-Evans">Wade-Evans</a> proposed that the name was a confusion with the Italo-British <a href="/wiki/Rhetorician" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhetorician">rhetorician</a> <b>Bachan</b> or <b>Pachan</b> who appears in the <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">life</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Cadoc" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Cadoc">Saint Cadoc</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The entry on <a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Pope Eleutherius</a> in <a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Natalibus" title="Petrus de Natalibus">Petrus de Natalibus</a>'s late 14th-century collection of <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">saints' lives</a> gives Fagan's name as "<b>Fugatius</b>",<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an emendation subsequently copied by <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Platina" title="Bartolomeo Platina">Platina</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-ushush_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushush-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These names were further misspelled in later sources in a variety of ways.<sup id="cite_ref-ushush_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushush-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagan_(saint)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The story of <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleutherius</a>'s late-2nd-century <a href="/wiki/Mission_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (Christianity)">mission</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha#Spurious_writings" title="Apocrypha">apocryphal</a> <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Britons" title="King of the Britons">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Britain" title="Lucius of Britain">Lucius</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britain</a> (Welsh: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lles_ap_Coel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lles ap Coel (page does not exist)">Lles ap Coel</a>) dates to at least the 6th-century <a href="/wiki/Recension" title="Recension">recension</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Pontificalis" title="Liber Pontificalis">The Book of Popes</a></i> known as the "Felician Catalog" but the names of the missionaries themselves don't seem to have appeared before the 12th century. They aren't given by <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>'s 8th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Ecclesiastica_Gentis_Anglorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum">Ecclesiastical History of the English People</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by the 9th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">History of the Britons</a></i> traditionally credited to <a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_of_Malmesbury" title="William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a>'s 'third edition' of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Regum_Anglorum" title="Gesta Regum Anglorum">Deeds of the Kings of the English</a></i> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1140</span>) records of the priests sent to Lucius that "the rust of antiquity may have obliterated their names".<sup id="cite_ref-gesta1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gesta1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gesta2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gesta2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the work <i>On the Antiquity of the Glastonbury Church</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-dage_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dage-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> initially written by <a href="/wiki/William_of_Malmesbury" title="William of Malmesbury">William</a> between 1129 and 1139,<sup id="cite_ref-joro_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newman_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newman-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">History of the Kings of Britain</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-herb_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-herb2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herb2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both include the names of Fagan and his companion. A contemporaneous or even earlier source is the letter of the convent of <a href="/wiki/St_David%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St David's Cathedral">St David's</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Honorius_II" title="Pope Honorius II">Pope Honorius II</a> preserved in <a href="/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales" title="Gerald of Wales">Gerald of Wales</a>'s <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1203</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Invectionibus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Invectionibus (page does not exist)">Book of Invectives</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-letter_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-letter2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which appears to date from the 1120s.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geoffrey claimed to have derived his own account from a 6th-century treatise by <a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">St Gildas</a> on "the victory of <a href="/wiki/Aurelius_Ambrosius" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurelius Ambrosius">Aurelius Ambrosius</a>";<sup id="cite_ref-herb_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-herb2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herb2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> given the content of his story, the claim is generally discounted.<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After these, the story began to be broadly repeated. Further details appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Iolo_Manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Iolo Manuscripts">Iolo Manuscripts</a> collected by <a href="/wiki/Iolo_Morganwg" title="Iolo Morganwg">Edward Williams</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although his many alterations and forgeries render their historicity suspect.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The discrepancy in William's accounts led <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Armitage_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Armitage Robinson">Robinson</a> to conclude that the appearance of the missionaries' names in the earlier book was a spurious addition by the abbey's scribes, of a piece with the passages in the present text that include a patently fraudulent "Charter of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">St Patrick</a>", that describe Abbot <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Blois" title="Henry of Blois">Henry of Blois</a> (<abbr title="Died">d.</abbr> 1171) as "of blessed memory", and that mention a fire which occurred at the abbey in 1184.<sup id="cite_ref-joro_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robinson and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bartrum" title="Peter Bartrum">Bartrum</a> proceed to treat Fagan as an invention of Geoffrey subsequently taken up by others.<sup id="cite_ref-joro_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ffa_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffa-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sabine_Baring-Gould" title="Sabine Baring-Gould">Baring-Gould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice_Rees" title="Rice Rees">Rees</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Mullins" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel J. Mullins">Mullins</a> modify this somewhat: while admitting the general falsehood of the account in Geoffrey, they suggest that the <i>names</i> of Fagan and his companions were probably genuine but that—in the absence of more detailed surviving records—they had been taken up and added to the legendary accounts of King Lucius.<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EWS_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWS-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rice_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rice-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legend">Legend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagan_(saint)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Britain" title="Lucius of Britain">Lucius of Britain</a></div> <p>Accounts of St Fagan and his companion <a href="/wiki/Deruvian" title="Deruvian">Deruvian</a> joined a long-standing narrative concerning <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Britain">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Britain" title="Lucius of Britain">Lucius</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britain</a> and his conversion to <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Christianity</a> around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperors</a> <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a>, a time of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_policies_in_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Christian policies in the Roman Empire">general tolerance towards the religion</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">St Gildas</a> had described the first <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a> as arriving during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William of Malmesbury's cautious account in the <i>Deeds of the Kings of the English</i> allows that <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">St Philip</a> may have reached the island but quickly leaves such "vain imaginations" in favor of praising the ancient <a href="/wiki/Wattle_(construction)" title="Wattle (construction)">wattle</a> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Chapel_(Glastonbury)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Chapel (Glastonbury)">chapel of St Mary</a> erected by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Pope Eleutherius</a>'s nameless missionaries, which he called "the oldest I am acquainted with in England".<sup id="cite_ref-gesta1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gesta1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gesta2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gesta2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The precise antiquity of the church was part of a bitter dispute over seniority between the abbey and <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster</a> over the primacy of their foundations.)<sup id="cite_ref-joro_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current text of <i>On the Antiquity of the Glastonbury Church</i> is rather more florid: Philip is not said to have come himself but to have sent <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a> in precisely AD 63. His initial community died out and the area left to "wild beasts" but "Phagan" and <a href="/wiki/Deruvian" title="Deruvian">Deruvian</a> found it miraculously preserved, merely reviving its community in AD 166, directed by the <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Gabriel" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Gabriel">Archangel Gabriel</a> and joining their names to the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles_(genre)" title="Acts of the Apostles (genre)">Acts of the Apostles</a>. They were said to have provided <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">pilgrims</a> with 40 years of <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgences</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-dage_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dage-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-joro_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a wildly anachronistic detail, but one quite profitable for the abbey.<sup id="cite_ref-joro_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The accounts in Geoffrey and Gerald make no special mention of Glastonbury. Instead, Gerald's letter from the clerics at St David's says that Fagan and "Duvian" were the first apostles of all Britain, baptising its king Lucius and then converting all his subjects after their arrival in 140. It says 27 pagan leaders were replaced by the same number of bishops and 3 archbishops placed over them, including one at <a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a>. It advances these points in favor of its independence from <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, a particular project of <a href="/wiki/Bernard_(bishop_of_St_David%27s)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard (bishop of St David's)">Bishop Bernard</a> (<abbr title="Reigned">r.</abbr> 1115–<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1147</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-letter_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-letter2_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geoffrey also treats Fagan and "Duvian" as the first apostles to Britain, noting their conversion of Lucius's petty kings and success at "almost" removing paganism from the whole island until the <a href="/wiki/Great_Persecution" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Persecution">Great Persecution</a> under <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>. He states that the pagan temples were remade into churches and 2<u>8</u> "<a href="/wiki/Flamen" title="Flamen">flamens</a>" and 3 "<a href="/wiki/Flamen#Flamines_maiores" title="Flamen">archflamens</a>" were replaced by 28 bishops under the 3 archbishops of <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">London</a> (over <a href="/wiki/Loegria" class="mw-redirect" title="Loegria">Loegria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of York">York</a> (over <a href="/wiki/Deira" title="Deira">Deira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Albania</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Llandaff" title="Bishop of Llandaff">Caerleon</a> (over <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>). Fagan and "Duvian" were then said to have personally returned to Rome for confirmation of their work, returning again with still more clerics. This all supposedly occurred before the death of Lucius in 156.<sup id="cite_ref-herb_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-herb2_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herb2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gerald elsewhere concedes that the archbishop was initially at Caerleon but claims it was eventually moved to <a href="/wiki/Menevia" class="mw-redirect" title="Menevia">Menevia</a> (St Davids). He states the early archbishops administered twelve <a href="/wiki/Suffragan_bishop" title="Suffragan bishop">suffragans</a> each and each oversaw one of the five Roman provinces of Britain: <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Prima" title="Britannia Prima">Britannia Prima</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>), <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Secunda" title="Britannia Secunda">Britannia Secunda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>), <a href="/wiki/Valentia_(Roman_Britain)" title="Valentia (Roman Britain)">Valentia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>), Flavia (<a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>), and Maxima (<a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>). He further concedes, however, his knowledge of the time was mostly based on "common report" and not certain history.<sup id="cite_ref-letter2_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Liber_Landavensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Landavensis">Book of Llandaff</a> composed around 1125 names neither emissary <i>from</i> Rome but gives "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Elvan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Elvan (page does not exist)">Elvan</a>" (<i>Elvanus</i>) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Medwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Medwin (page does not exist)">Medwin</a> (<i>Medwinus</i>) as the names of Lucius's messengers bearing his letter <i>to</i> the pope.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two accounts were later combined, so that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Elfan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Elfan (page does not exist)">Elfan</a> and "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Medwy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Medwy (page does not exist)">Medwy</a>" are sent off and honored in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and then return with Fagan and Deruvian. Fagan and Dyfan were also sometimes credited with the initial establishment at <a href="/wiki/Congresbury" title="Congresbury">Congresbury</a>, which was removed in 721 to <a href="/wiki/Tydenton" class="mw-redirect" title="Tydenton">Tydenton</a> (present-day Wells).<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Iolo_Manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Iolo Manuscripts">Iolo Manuscripts</a>, Fagan was called an <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a> who came to Britain as a <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Roman Catholic)">bishop</a> and enthroned himself at "Llansantffagan".<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A separate manuscript credits him with the foundation of the churches at "Llanffagan Fawr" (present-day <a href="/wiki/St_Fagans" title="St Fagans">St Fagans</a> near <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>) and at "Llanffagan Fach" (present-day <a href="/wiki/Llanmaes" title="Llanmaes">Llanmaes</a> near <a href="/wiki/Llantwit_Major" title="Llantwit Major">Llantwit Major</a>). Their <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish churches</a> are now dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Mother_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary, Mother of Jesus">Saint Mary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Cadoc" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Cadoc">Saint Cadoc</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third manuscript conflates Deruvian with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Dyfan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Dyfan">Dyfan</a>—wrongly, in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bartrum" title="Peter Bartrum">Bartrum</a>'s estimation.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Dyfan" is then made the first <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Llandaff" title="Bishop of Llandaff">bishop of Llandaff</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyr of the Faith">martyr</a> at <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Dyfan" title="Merthyr Dyfan">Merthyr Dyfan</a>. Fagan is then made his successor at Llandaff.<sup id="cite_ref-yolo_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yolo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Sabine_Baring-Gould" title="Sabine Baring-Gould">Baring-Gould</a> refers to the pair as <a href="/wiki/Chorepiscopi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorepiscopi">chorepiscopi</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fourth lists the following triplet among the "Sayings of the Wise":<sup id="cite_ref-yolo_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yolo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Didst thou hear the saying of Fagan</dd> <dd>when he had produced his argument?</dd> <dd>'Where God is silent, it is wise not to speak.'<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagan_(saint)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arguing in favor of a partial historicity to these figures, <a href="/wiki/Rice_Rees" title="Rice Rees">Rees</a> noted that all but Elfan had long-standing associations with <a href="/wiki/Llan_(placename)" title="Llan (placename)">parish churches</a> in the area around <a href="/wiki/Llandaff" title="Llandaff">Llandaff</a>, though he admitted none seemed as grand or preëminent as one might expect were they actually the <a href="/wiki/Apostle" title="Apostle">apostles</a> of Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-rice_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rice-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bartrum" title="Peter Bartrum">Bartrum</a> replied such dedications must be assumed to post-date Geoffrey's popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-ffa_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffa-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagan_(saint)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/St_Fagans" title="St Fagans">St Fagans</a>, a village near <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, continues to bear his name,<sup id="cite_ref-EWS_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWS-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although following the <a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Wales" title="Norman invasion of Wales">Norman invasion of Wales</a> a new parish church was erected east of the old chapel and dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Mother_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary, Mother of Jesus">St Mary the Blessed Virgin</a> in 1180.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (This is now a <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Cardiff#Grade_II.2A_listed_buildings" title="Listed buildings in Cardiff">Grade II*</a> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 16th-century antiquarian <a href="/wiki/John_Leland_(antiquary)" title="John Leland (antiquary)">John Leland</a> recorded in his travel notebooks that a nearby chapel remained dedicated to Fagan and was sometimes also used as the parish church,<sup id="cite_ref-BOB_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOB-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this was in ruins by the time of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> a century later.<sup id="cite_ref-ree_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ree-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St Fagan's <a href="/wiki/Holy_well" title="Holy well">Well</a> was nearby and considered particularly restorative for "<a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">the falling sickness</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-ree_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ree-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/St_Fagan%27s_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="St Fagan's Church">St Fagan's Church</a> in the village of <a href="/wiki/Trecynon" title="Trecynon">Trecynon</a> near <a href="/wiki/Aberdare" title="Aberdare">Aberdare</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan" title="Glamorgan">Glamorgan</a> was a new foundation erected from 1851 to 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-coflein_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coflein-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was destroyed by fire in 1856.<sup id="cite_ref-coflein_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coflein-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rebuilt by 1856, <a href="/wiki/John_Griffith_(Anglican_priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Griffith (Anglican priest)">John Griffith</a> established it as a separate parish from Aberdare's ancient one,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had been dedicated to <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">St John the Baptist</a> prior to the completion of <a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Elvan%27s_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Elvan's Church (page does not exist)">St Elvan's</a> in 1852.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gwyl_mabsant" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwyl mabsant">festival</a> of St Fagan does not appear in any surviving medieval Welsh <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_the_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of the saints">calendar of the saints</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he had some importance following his description as an apostle: the Blessed <a href="/wiki/John_Sugar" title="John Sugar">John Sugar</a>, martyred in 1604, invoked "Fugatius" and "Damianus" from the gallows as authorities for the antiquity of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in England">British Catholicism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Late sources place it on 3 January (with St Dyfan) at <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury" title="Glastonbury">Glastonbury</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-EWS_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWS-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chally_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chally-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 10 February<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Llandaff" title="Llandaff">Llandaff</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-EWS_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWS-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chally_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chally-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 8 August;<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and (with St Dyfan) on 24 or 26 May.<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/May_26_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)" title="May 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)">This last date</a>—the traditional day of the baptism of King Lucius by the missionaries<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—is sometimes given as an observance of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> diocese of <a href="/wiki/Thyateira_and_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyateira and Great Britain">Thyateira and Great Britain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-orth_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orth-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although in fact St Fagan's Day is currently unobserved by any of the major <a href="/wiki/Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian denominations">denominations</a> of Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-angie_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-angie-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cats_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cats-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ortho_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ortho-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His feast day is listed, with a link, under Wikipedia's Eastern Orthodox Liturgics for May 26. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagan_(saint)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://museum.wales/stfagans">St Fagans National Museum of History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dage-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dage_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dage_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dage_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gulielmus Malmesburiensis [William of Malmesbury]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlat.uzh.ch/MLS/xfromcc.php?tabelle=Willelmus_Malmesburiensis_cps2&rumpfid=Willelmus_Malmesburiensis_cps2,%20De%20antiquitate%20ecclesiae%20Glastoniensis,%20%20%20%20p46&id=Willelmus_Malmesburiensis_cps2,%20De%20antiquitate%20ecclesiae%20Glastoniensis,%20%20%20%20p46&level=&corpus=2&current_title=De%20antiquitate%20ecclesiae%20Glastoniensis"><i>De Antiquitate Glastoniensis Ecclesiæ</i>.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203140845/http://mlat.uzh.ch/MLS/xfromcc.php?tabelle=Willelmus_Malmesburiensis_cps2&rumpfid=Willelmus_Malmesburiensis_cps2%2C%20De%20antiquitate%20ecclesiae%20Glastoniensis%2C%20%20%20%20p46&id=Willelmus_Malmesburiensis_cps2%2C%20De%20antiquitate%20ecclesiae%20Glastoniensis%2C%20%20%20%20p46&level=&corpus=2&current_title=De%20antiquitate%20ecclesiae%20Glastoniensis">Archived</a> 3 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1129–1139. Hosted at the University of Zurich's <i>Corpus Corporum</i>. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabi_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baring-Gould, Sabine & al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/livesofbritishsa03bariuoft#page/8/mode/2up"><i>The Lives of the British Saints: The Saints of Wales and Cornwall and Such Irish Saints as Have Dedications in Britain</i>, Vol. III, pp. 9–10.</a> Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (London), 1911.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-herb-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-herb_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-herb_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-herb_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-herb_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Galfridus Monemutensis [Geoffrey of Monmouth]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LBw2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA58"><i>Historia Regnum Britanniae</i> [<i>History of the Kings of Britain</i>], Vol. IV, Ch. xix–xx.</a> <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1136</span>. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-joro-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-joro_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joro_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joro_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joro_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joro_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joro_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joro_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, Joseph Armitage. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Somerset_Historical_Essays/William_of_Malmesbury_%27On_the_Antiquity_of_Glastonbury%27" class="extiw" title="s:Somerset Historical Essays/William of Malmesbury 'On the Antiquity of Glastonbury'">"William of Malmesbury 'On the Antiquity of Glastonbury'"</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Somerset_Historical_Essays" class="extiw" title="s:Somerset Historical Essays">Somerset Historical Essays</a></i>. Oxford University Press (London), 1921. Hosted at <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="s:Main Page">Wikisource</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gold, David L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l015C5vm1XkC&pg=PA767">"Jewish Dickensiana, Part One: Despite Popular Belief, the Name <i>Fagin</i> in Charles Dickens's <i>Oliver Twist</i> Has No Jewish Connection" in <i>Studies in Etymology and Etiology</i>, p. 767.</a> University of Alicante Press (San Vicente), 2009. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788479085179" title="Special:BookSources/9788479085179">9788479085179</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bartrum, Peter C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llgc.org.uk/fileadmin/fileadmin/docs_gwefan/casgliadau/Drych_Digidol/Deunydd_print/Welsh_Classical_Dictionary/02_A-B.pdf">"Bachan" in <i>A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend up to about A. D. 1000</i>, p. 38.</a> National Library of Wales, 1993. Emended 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Natalibus" title="Petrus de Natalibus">Petrus de Natalibus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zjg8AAAAcAAJ&pg=PT194">"Eleutherius Papa" ["Pope Eleutherius"] in <i>Catalogus Sanctorum</i> [<i>Catalog of the Saints</i>], Vol. V, Ch. xlvi.</a> <abbr title="Before">a.</abbr> 1406, 1st printed (Vicenza), 1493. Reprinted Giacomo Giunta (Lyon), 1543. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Platina" title="Bartolomeo Platina">Platina</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ORxNAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT25"><i>Vitæ Pontificum Platinæ Historici Liber de Vita Christi ac Omnium Pontificum qui Hactenus Ducenti Fuere et XX</i> [<i>Platina the Historian's Lives of the Popes: A Book on the Life of Christ and All the Popes Since who Are Two Hundred and 20</i>], p. 25.</a> Johann von Koln & Johann Manthen von Gerresheim (Venice), 1479. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platina. Translated by Paul Rycant as <i>Lives of the Popes, from the Time of Our Saviour Jesus Christ to the Reign of Sixtus V</i>. (London), 1685. Edited and reprinted as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elfinspell.com/ChurchHistory/Platina/LivesOfThePopes-Vol-1/14-StEleutherius.html"><i>The Lives of the Popes from the Time of Our Saviour Jesus Christ to the Accession of Gregory VII</i>, Vol. I, pp. 33–34.</a> by Griffith, Farran, Okeden, & Welsh (London), 1888.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ushush-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ushush_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushush_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobus Usserius [James Ussher]. <i>Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates, Quibus Inserta Est Pestiferæ Adversus Dei Gratiam a Pelagio Britanno in Ecclesiam Inductæ Hæreseos Historia</i> [<i>Antiquities of the Britannic Churches, into Which Is Inserted a History of the Pestilent Heretics Introduced against the Grace of God by Pelagius the Briton into the Church</i>], Ch. IV. (Dublin), 1639. Reprinted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924024758850#page/n87/mode/2up"><i>The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, D. D. Lord Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland</i>, Vol. V, pp. 74 f.</a> Hodges, Smith, & Co. (Dublin), 1864. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Beda_Venerabilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Beda Venerabilis">Beda Venerabilis</a> [The Venerable Bede]. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Historia_Ecclesiastica_gentis_Anglorum_-_Liber_Primus#4" class="extiw" title="s:la:Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum - Liber Primus"><i>Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum</i> [The Ecclesiastical History of the English People], Vol. I, Ch. IV</a>, & <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Historia_Ecclesiastica_gentis_Anglorum_-_Liber_Quintus#24" class="extiw" title="s:la:Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum - Liber Quintus">Vol. V, Ch. XXIIII</a>. 731. Hosted at <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Main_Page" class="extiw" title="s:la:Main Page">Latin Wikisource</a>. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bede. Translated by Lionel Cecil Jane as <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical_History_of_the_English_People/Book_1#4" class="extiw" title="s:Ecclesiastical History of the English People/Book 1"><i>The Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation</i>, Vol. 1, Ch. 4</a>, & <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical_History_of_the_English_People/Book_5#24" class="extiw" title="s:Ecclesiastical History of the English People/Book 5">Vol. 5, Ch. 24</a>. J.M. Dent & Co. (London), 1903. Hosted at <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="s:Main Page">Wikisource</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a>". Edited by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a>. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Historia_Brittonum#II._HISTORIA_BRITTONUM" class="extiw" title="s:la:Historia Brittonum"><i>Historia Brittonum</i>, Vol. II</a>, Ch. xxii. <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 830</span>. Hosted at <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Main_Page" class="extiw" title="s:la:Main Page">Latin Wikisource</a>. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a>". Translated by <a href="/wiki/J.A._Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="J.A. Giles">J.A. Giles</a> & al. as <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_the_Britons#1:22" class="extiw" title="s:History of the Britons"><i>Nennius's History of the Britons</i>, §22</a>, from <i>Six Old English Chronicles of Which Two Are Now First Translated from the Monkish Latin Originals: Ethelwerd's Chronicle, Asser's Life of Alfred, Geoffrey of Monmouth's British History, Gildas, Nennius, and Richard of Cirencester</i>. Henry G. Bohn (London), 1848. Hosted at <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="s:Main Page">Wikisource</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gesta1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gesta1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gesta1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gulielmus Malmesburiensis [William of Malmesbury]. <i>Gesta Regum Anglorum</i>. <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1140</span>. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gesta2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gesta2_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gesta2_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_of_Malmesbury" title="William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/J.A._Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="J.A. Giles">J.A. Giles</a> as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/williamofmalmesb1847will#page/20/mode/2up"><i>William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England from the Earliest Period to the Reign of King Stephen</i>, p. 21.</a> Henry G. Bohn (London), 1847.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newman-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newman_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newell, William Wells. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/jstor-456546/456546#page/n1/mode/2up">"William of Malmesbury on the Antiquity of Glastonbury, with Especial Reference to the Equation of Glastonbury and Avalon" in <i>Publications of the Modern Language Association of America</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 4.</a> 1903.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-herb2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-herb2_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-herb2_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-herb2_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>. Translated by J.A. Giles & al. as <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_the_Kings_of_Britain/Book_4#19" class="extiw" title="s:History of the Kings of Britain/Book 4"><i>Geoffrey of Monmouth's British History</i>, Vol. IV, Ch. XIX–XX</a>, in <i>Six Old English Chronicles of Which Two Are Now First Translated from the Monkish Latin Originals: Ethelwerd's Chronicle, Asser's Life of Alfred, Geoffrey of Monmouth's British History, Gildas, Nennius, and Richard of Cirencester</i>. Henry G. Bohn (London), 1848. Hosted at <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="s:Main Page">Wikisource</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-letter-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-letter_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-letter_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giraldus Cambriensis [Gerald of Wales]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ycymmrodor30cymmuoft#page/142/mode/2up"><i>De Inuectionibus</i> [On Invectives], Vol. II, Ch. X, in <i>Y Cymmrodor: The Magazine of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion</i>, Vol. XXX, pp. 143–6.</a> George Simpson & Co. (Devizes), 1920. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-letter2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-letter2_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-letter2_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-letter2_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales" title="Gerald of Wales">Gerald of Wales</a>. Translated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=W.S._Davies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W.S. Davies (page does not exist)">W.S. Davies</a> as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ycymmrodor30cymmuoft#page/16/mode/2up"><i>The Book of Invectives of Giraldus Cambrensis</i> in <i>Y Cymmrodor: The Magazine of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion</i>, Vol. XXX, pp. 17–8.</a> George Simpson & Co. (Devizes), 1920.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies (1920), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ycymmrodor30cymmuoft#page/19/mode/2up">pp. 19–38.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jwyn-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jwyn_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jwyn_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans, J. Wyn <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LN9DSKZfItcC&pg=PA35">"Transition and Survival: St David and St Davids Cathedral" in <i>St David of Wales: Cult, Church, and Nation</i> pp. 35 f.</a> Boydell Press (Woodbridge), 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843833222" title="Special:BookSources/9781843833222">9781843833222</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrow, Julia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LN9DSKZfItcC&pg=PA319">"The Statutes of St Davids Cathedral 1224–1259" in <i>St David of Wales: Cult, Church, and Nation</i>, pp. 317 ff.</a> Boydell Press (Woodbridge), 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843833222" title="Special:BookSources/9781843833222">9781843833222</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerald actively employed the story of King Lucius in defense of the antiquity and status of <a href="/wiki/St_David%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St David's Cathedral">St David's</a> but several factors point to the letter's composition under <a href="/wiki/Bernard_(bishop_of_St_David%27s)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard (bishop of St David's)">Bishop Bernard</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jwyn_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jwyn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the local clerics' identification with the Normans<sup id="cite_ref-jwyn_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jwyn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and description of themselves as a convent instead of a <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_chapter" title="Cathedral chapter">chapter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ffa-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ffa_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ffa_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bartrum (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llgc.org.uk/fileadmin/fileadmin/docs_gwefan/casgliadau/Drych_Digidol/Deunydd_print/Welsh_Classical_Dictionary/05_D-E-F.pdf">"Ffagan", p. 298.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EWS-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EWS_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWS_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWS_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWS_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mullins, Daniel J. <i>Early Welsh Saints</i>, p. 30. Carreg-Gwalch Press, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rice-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rice_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rice_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rees,_Rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Rees, Rice">Rees, Rice</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H8IclDShLSYC&pg=PA82"><i>An Essay on the Welsh Saints or the Primitive Christians Usually Considered to Have Been the Founders of Churches in Wales</i>, pp. 82 ff.</a> Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman (London), 1836.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">Gildas</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/De_Excidio_et_Conquestu_Britanniae" title="De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae">De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae</a></i> [<i>On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain</i>]. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Habington" title="Thomas Habington">Thomas Habington</a> as <i>The Epistle of Gildas the most ancient British Author: who flourished in the yeere of our Lord, 546. And who by his great erudition, sanctitie, and wisdome, acquired the name of</i> Sapiens. in 8 vols. T. Cotes for William Cooke (London), 1638. Edited and reprinted by <a href="/wiki/John_Allen_Giles" title="John Allen Giles">John Allen Giles</a> as <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Ruin_of_Britain#8" class="extiw" title="s:The Ruin of Britain">"The Works of Gildas, Surnamed 'Sapiens,' or the Wise", §VIII, in <i>Six Old English Chronicles of Which Two Are Now First Translated from the Monkish Latin Originals: Ethelwerd's Chronicle, Asser's Life of Alfred, Geoffrey of Monmouth's British History, Gildas, Nennius, and Richard of Cirencester</i></a>. Henry G. Bohn (London), 1848. Hosted at <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="s:Main Page">Wikisource</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/liberlandavensi00manugoog#page/n117/mode/2up"><i>"De Primo Statu Landavensis Ecclesiæ, et Vita Archiepiscopi Dubricii"</i> [<i>On the First State of the Llandaffan Church and the Life of its Archbishop Dubric"] in </i>The Liber Landavensis, Llyfr Teilo, or the Ancient Register of the Cathedral Church of Llandaff: From MSS. in the Libraries of Hengwrt, and of Jesus College, Oxford<i>, p. 65.</i></a><i> William Rees (Llandovery), 1840. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Translated by <a href="/wiki/William_Jenkins_Rees" title="William Jenkins Rees">William Jenkins Rees</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/liberlandavensi00manugoog#page/n369/mode/2up">"On the First State of the Church of Llandaff" in <i>The Liber Landavensis, Llyfr Teilo, or the Ancient Register of the Cathedral Church of Llandaff: From MSS. in the Libraries of Hengwrt, and of Jesus College, Oxford</i>, Ch. II, §1, pp. 309 ff.</a> William Rees (Llandovery), 1840.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bartrum (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llgc.org.uk/fileadmin/fileadmin/docs_gwefan/casgliadau/Drych_Digidol/Deunydd_print/Welsh_Classical_Dictionary/05_D-E-F.pdf">"Duvianus (1)", p. 236.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yolo-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yolo_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yolo_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(Ab_Ithel)" title="John Williams (Ab Ithel)">Williams, John</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4hoDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA73"><i>The Ecclesiastical Antiquities of the Cymry: or the Ancient British Church; Its History, Doctrine, and Rites</i>, p. 73.</a> W.J. Cleaver (London), 1844.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Given by Baring-Gould in Welsh as <i>Lle taw Duw nid doeth yngan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sabi_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mortimer, Dic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_pkFBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT291"><i>Cardiff: The Biography</i>, p. 291.</a> Amberley Publishing (Stroud), 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-13871-church-of-st-mary-the-blessed-virgin-st-f">"Church of St Mary the Blessed Virgin, St Fagans"</a>. Cadw, 28 January 1963. Hosted at <i>British Listed Buildings</i>. Accessed 1 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOB-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BOB_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leland, John. Edited by Thomas Hearne as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/itineraryjohnle00heargoog#page/n62/mode/2up"><i>The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary</i>, 2nd ed., Vol. IV, p. 43.</a> James Fletcher (Oxford), 1744.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ree-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ree_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ree_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rees, William. <i>Cardiff: A History of the City</i>, p. 190. 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coflein-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coflein_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coflein_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/54046/details/ST.+FAGAN%27S+CHURCH%2C+WINDSOR+STREET%2C+TRECYNON/">"St. Fagan's Church, Windsor Street, Trecynon".</a> Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales, 20 November 2014. Accessed 1 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Archives Wales:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archiveswales.org.uk/anw/get_collection.php?inst_id=33&coll_id=77596">"Glamorgan Archives: Aberdare, St. Fagans Ecclesiastical Parish Records"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304004019/http://www.archiveswales.org.uk/anw/get_collection.php?inst_id=33&coll_id=77596">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. National Library of Wales, 2013. Accessed 1 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillibrand2014" class="citation web cs1">Gillibrand, Christopher (16 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://englishmartyrs.blogspot.hu/2006/07/venerable-john-sugar-priest-1604.html">"+ Blessed john sugar, Priest, 1604"</a>. The Site of the Tyburn Tree<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%2B+Blessed+john+sugar%2C+Priest%2C+1604&rft.pub=The+Site+of+the+Tyburn+Tree&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft.aulast=Gillibrand&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglishmartyrs.blogspot.hu%2F2006%2F07%2Fvenerable-john-sugar-priest-1604.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFagan+%28saint%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chally-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chally_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chally_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Challoner, Richard. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U3BbAAAAQAAJ">A memorial of ancient British piety: or, a British martyrology</a></i>. W. Needham, 1761. Accessed 14 Mar 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orth-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orth_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/stdmay.htm">"May"</a>. Accessed 17 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-angie-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-angie_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Church in Wales. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinw.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/english.pdf">The Book of Common Prayer for Use in the Church in Wales: The New Calendar and the Collects</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141215000631/http://cinw.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/english.pdf">Archived</a> 15 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". 2003. Accessed 18 Nov 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cats-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cats_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Catholic Church in England and Wales. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liturgyoffice.org.uk/Calendar/index.shtml">Liturgy Office: Liturgical Calendar</a>". Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, 2014. Accessed 1 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ortho-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ortho_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thyateira.org.uk/index.php?option=com_alphacontent&section=14&Itemid=151">"Saints of the British Isles"</a>. Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain (London), 2015. Accessed 1 February 2015.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagan_(saint)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stfagansaberdare.co.uk/">St Fagan's Parish</a>, Aberdare</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fagan_(saint)&oldid=1256294047">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fagan_(saint)&oldid=1256294047</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh_Roman_Catholic_saints" title="Category:Welsh Roman Catholic saints">Welsh Roman Catholic saints</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2nd-century_Christian_saints" title="Category:2nd-century Christian saints">2nd-century Christian saints</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh_Christian_missionaries" title="Category:Welsh Christian missionaries">Welsh Christian missionaries</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Latin-language_sources_(la)" title="Category:Articles with Latin-language sources (la)">Articles with Latin-language sources (la)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_October_2015" title="Category:Use British English from October 2015">Use British English from October 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2015" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2015">Use dmy dates from October 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Welsh-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Welsh-language text">Articles containing Welsh-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Medieval_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Medieval Latin-language text">Articles containing Medieval Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 November 2024, at 05:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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