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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surface_broaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Surface broaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surface_broaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_broaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_broaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Internal broaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_broaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broaching_machines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broaching_machines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Broaching machines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broaching_machines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotary_broaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotary_broaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rotary broaching</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotary_broaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="تقوير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقوير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartma" title="Dartma – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dartma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protahov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Protahování – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Protahování" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4umen" title="Räumen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Räumen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamml%C3%B5ikamine" title="Kammlõikamine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kammlõikamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brochadora" title="Brochadora – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brochadora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brotxatzeko_makina" title="Brotxatzeko makina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brotxatzeko makina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="خانکشی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خانکشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brochage" title="Brochage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brochage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provla%C4%8Denje" title="Provlačenje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Provlačenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brocciatrice" title="Brocciatrice – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brocciatrice" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83" title="Тартып жонуу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тартып жонуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caurvilk%C5%A1ana" title="Caurvilkšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Caurvilkšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cregel%C3%A9s" title="Üregelés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Üregelés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trekfrezen" title="Trekfrezen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Trekfrezen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81_(%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7)" title="ブローチ (工具) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブローチ (工具)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przeci%C4%85ganie" title="Przeciąganie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przeciąganie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brochamento" title="Brochamento – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brochamento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro%C8%99are" title="Broșare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Broșare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Протягивание – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Протягивание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provla%C4%8Denje" title="Provlačenje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Provlačenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aventaminen" title="Aventaminen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aventaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro%C5%9Flama" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BroachPushChipBreakers-CN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/BroachPushChipBreakers-CN.jpg/300px-BroachPushChipBreakers-CN.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/BroachPushChipBreakers-CN.jpg/450px-BroachPushChipBreakers-CN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/BroachPushChipBreakers-CN.jpg/600px-BroachPushChipBreakers-CN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1839" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>A push style <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> inch (8 mm) keyway broach; note how the teeth are larger on the left end.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adjustable_wrench_keyway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Adjustable_wrench_keyway.jpg/100px-Adjustable_wrench_keyway.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Adjustable_wrench_keyway.jpg/150px-Adjustable_wrench_keyway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Adjustable_wrench_keyway.jpg/200px-Adjustable_wrench_keyway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption>A broached keyway in the end of an adjustable wrench.</figcaption></figure> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tool with teeth used to cut metal</div> <p><b>Broaching</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Machining" title="Machining">machining</a> process that uses a toothed tool, called a <b>broach</b>, to remove material. There are two main types of broaching: <i>linear</i> and <i>rotary</i>. In linear broaching, which is the more common process, the broach is run linearly against a surface of the workpiece to produce the cut. Linear broaches are used in a <b>broaching machine</b>, which is also sometimes shortened to <i>broach</i>. In rotary broaching, the broach is rotated and pressed into the workpiece to cut an axisymmetric shape. A rotary broach is used in a <a href="/wiki/Lathe_(metal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lathe (metal)">lathe</a> or <a href="/wiki/Screw_machine_(automatic_lathe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Screw machine (automatic lathe)">screw machine</a>. In both processes the cut is performed in one pass of the broach, which makes it very efficient. </p><p>Broaching is used when precision machining is required, especially for odd shapes. Commonly machined surfaces include circular and non-circular holes, <a href="/wiki/Spline_(mechanical)" title="Spline (mechanical)">splines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Key_(engineering)" title="Key (engineering)">keyways</a>, and flat surfaces. Typical workpieces include small to medium-sized <a href="/wiki/Casting" title="Casting">castings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forging" title="Forging">forgings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Screw_machine_(automatic_lathe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Screw machine (automatic lathe)">screw machine</a> parts, and <a href="/wiki/Stamping_(metalworking)" title="Stamping (metalworking)">stampings</a>. Even though broaches can be expensive, broaching is usually favored over other processes when used for high-quantity production runs.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Broaches are shaped similar to a saw, except the height of the teeth increases over the length of the tool. Moreover, the broach contains three distinct sections: one for roughing, another for semi-finishing, and the final one for finishing. Broaching is an unusual machining process because it has the <a href="/wiki/Speeds_and_feeds" title="Speeds and feeds">feed</a> built into the tool. The profile of the machined surface is always the inverse of the profile of the broach. The rise per tooth (RPT), also known as the <i>step</i> or feed per tooth, determines the amount of material removed and the size of the chip. The broach can be moved relative to the workpiece or vice versa. Because all of the features are built into the broach, no complex motion or skilled labor is required to use it.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A broach is effectively a collection of <a href="/wiki/Tool_bit" title="Tool bit">single-point cutting tools</a> arrayed in sequence, cutting one after the other; its cut is analogous to multiple passes of a <a href="/wiki/Shaper" title="Shaper">shaper</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of broaching can be traced back to the early 1850s, with the first applications used for cutting keyways in <a href="/wiki/Pulley" title="Pulley">pulleys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gear" title="Gear">gears</a>. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, broaching was used to rifle gun barrels. In the 1920s and 30s the tolerances were tightened and the cost reduced thanks to advances in <a href="/wiki/Form_grinding" class="mw-redirect" title="Form grinding">form grinding</a> and broaching machines.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process">Process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The process depends on the type of broaching being performed. Surface broaching is very simple as either the workpiece is moved against a stationary surface broach, or the workpiece is held stationary while the broach is moved against it. </p><p>Internal broaching is more involved. The process begins by clamping the workpiece into a special holding <a href="/wiki/Fixture_(tool)" title="Fixture (tool)">fixture</a>, called a <i>workholder</i>, which mounts in the broaching machine. The broaching machine <i>elevator</i>, which is the part of the machine that moves the broach above the workholder, then lowers the broach through the workpiece. Once through, the broaching machine's <i>puller</i>, essentially a hook, grabs the <i>pilot</i> of the broach. The elevator then releases the top of the follower and the puller pulls the broach through the workpiece completely. The workpiece is then removed from the machine and the broach is raised back up to reengage with the elevator.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The broach usually only moves linearly, but sometimes it is also rotated to create a spiral spline or gun-barrel <a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">rifling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo641_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo641-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cutting_fluid" title="Cutting fluid">Cutting fluids</a> are used for three reasons: </p> <ol><li>to cool the workpiece and broach</li> <li>to lubricate cutting surfaces</li> <li>to flush the chips from the teeth.</li></ol> <p>Fortified petroleum cutting fluids are the most common. However, heavy-duty water-soluble cutting fluids are being used because of their superior cooling, cleanliness, and non-flammability.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ger%C3%A4umte-Kerbverzahnung2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ger%C3%A4umte-Kerbverzahnung2.JPG/220px-Ger%C3%A4umte-Kerbverzahnung2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ger%C3%A4umte-Kerbverzahnung2.JPG/330px-Ger%C3%A4umte-Kerbverzahnung2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ger%C3%A4umte-Kerbverzahnung2.JPG/440px-Ger%C3%A4umte-Kerbverzahnung2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1705" data-file-height="1838" /></a><figcaption>An example of a broached workpiece. Here the broaching profile is a spline.</figcaption></figure> <p>Broaching was originally developed for machining internal keyways. However, it was soon discovered that broaching is very useful for machining other surfaces and shapes for high volume workpieces. Because each broach is specialized to cut just one shape, either the broach must be specially designed for the geometry of the workpiece or the workpiece must be designed around a standard broach geometry. A customized broach is usually only viable with high volume workpieces, because the broach can cost US$15,000 to US$30,000 to produce.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo640_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo640-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Broaching speeds vary from 20 to 120 <a href="/wiki/Surface_feet_per_minute" title="Surface feet per minute">surface feet per minute</a> (SFPM). This results in a complete cycle time of 5 to 30 seconds. Most of the time is consumed by the return stroke, broach handling, and workpiece loading and unloading.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo642_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo642-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only limitations on broaching are that there are no obstructions over the length of the surface to be machined, the geometry to be cut does not have curves in multiple planes,<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the workpiece is strong enough to withstand the forces involved. Specifically for internal broaching a hole must first exist in the workpiece so the broach can enter.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, there are limits on the size of internal cuts. Common internal holes can range from 0.125 to 6 in (3.2 to 152.4 mm) in diameter but it is possible to achieve a range of 0.05 to 13 in (1.3 to 330.2 mm). Surface broaches' range is usually 0.075 to 10 in (1.9 to 254.0 mm), although the feasible range is 0.02 to 20 in (0.51 to 508.00 mm).<sup id="cite_ref-todd17_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-todd17-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Engineering_tolerance" title="Engineering tolerance">Tolerances</a> are usually ±0.002 in (±0.05 mm), but in precise applications a tolerance of ±0.0005 in (±0.01 mm) can be held. <a href="/wiki/Surface_finish" title="Surface finish">Surface finishes</a> are usually between 16 and 63 microinches (μin), but can range from 8 to 125 μin.<sup id="cite_ref-todd17_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-todd17-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There may be small <a href="/wiki/Burr_(edge)" title="Burr (edge)">burrs</a> on the exit side of the cut.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo642_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo642-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Broaching works best on softer materials, such as <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper_alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper alloy">copper alloys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a>, hard <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Composite_material" title="Composite material">composites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a>. However, it still has a good <a href="/wiki/Machinability" title="Machinability">machinability</a> rating on <a href="/wiki/Mild_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mild steel">mild steels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_machining_steel" title="Free machining steel">free machining steels</a>. When broaching, the machinability rating is closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Hardness" title="Hardness">hardness</a> of the material. For steels the ideal hardness range is between 16 and 24 <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_scale" title="Rockwell scale">Rockwell C</a> (HRC); a hardness greater than HRC 35 will dull the broach quickly. Broaching is more difficult on harder materials, <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is still possible.<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-todd18_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-todd18-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Broach_types_and_examples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Broach_types_and_examples.jpg/400px-Broach_types_and_examples.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="409" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Broach_types_and_examples.jpg/600px-Broach_types_and_examples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Broach_types_and_examples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Broaches can be categorized by many means:<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo641_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo641-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Use:<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> internal, or surface</li> <li>Purpose: single, or combination</li> <li>Motion: push, pull, or stationary</li> <li>Construction: solid, built-up, hollow or shell</li> <li>Function: roughing, sizing, or burnishing</li></ul> <p>If the broach is large enough the costs can be reduced by using a <i>built-up</i> or <i>modular</i> construction. This involves producing the broach in pieces and assembling it. If any portion wears out only that section has to be replaced, instead of the entire broach.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo643_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo643-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most broaches are made from <a href="/wiki/High_speed_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="High speed steel">high speed steel</a> (HSS) or an <a href="/wiki/Alloy_steel" title="Alloy steel">alloy steel</a>; <a href="/wiki/Titanium_nitride" title="Titanium nitride">titanium nitride</a> (TiN) coatings are common on HSS to prolong life. Except when broaching <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tungsten_carbide" title="Tungsten carbide">tungsten carbide</a> is rarely used as a tooth material because the cutting edge will crack on the first pass.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo643_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo643-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surface_broaches">Surface broaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Surface broaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>slab broach</i> is the simplest surface broach. It is a general purpose tool for cutting flat surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Slot broaches</i> (G & H) are for cutting slots of various dimensions at high production rates. Slot broaching is much quicker than <a href="/wiki/Milling_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Milling machine">milling</a> when more than one slot needs to be machined, because multiple broaches can be run through the part at the same time on the same broaching machine.<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Contour broaches</i> are designed to cut concave, convex, cam, contoured, and irregular shaped surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Pot broaches</i> are cut the inverse of an internal broach; they cut the outside diameter of a cylindrical workpiece. They are named after the pot looking fixture in which the broaches are mounted; the fixture is often referred to as a "pot". The pot is designed to hold multiple broaching tools concentrically over its entire length. The broach is held stationary while the workpiece is pushed or pulled through it.<sup id="cite_ref-vw_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vw-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has replaced <a href="/wiki/Hobbing" title="Hobbing">hobbing</a> for some <a href="/wiki/Involute_gear" title="Involute gear">involute gears</a> and cutting external splines and slots.<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Straddle broaches</i> use two slab broaches to cut parallel surfaces on opposite sides of a workpiece in one pass. This type of broaching holds closer tolerances than if the two cuts were done independently.<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is named after the fact that the broaches "straddle" the workpiece on multiple sides.<sup id="cite_ref-vw_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vw-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_broaches">Internal broaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Internal broaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modular_broach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Modular_broach.jpg/220px-Modular_broach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Modular_broach.jpg/330px-Modular_broach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Modular_broach.jpg/440px-Modular_broach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>A modular broach</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Solid</i> broaches are the most common type; they are made from one solid piece of material. For broaches that wear out quickly <i>shell</i> broaches are used; these broaches are similar to a solid broach, except there is a hole through the center where it mounts on an <a href="/wiki/Arbor_(tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbor (tool)">arbor</a>. Shell broaches cost more initially, but save the cost overall if the broach must be replaced often because the pilots are on the mandrel and do not have to be reproduced with each replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo643_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo643-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Modular</i> broaches are commonly used for large internal broaching applications. They are similar to shell broaches in that they are a multi-piece construction. This design is used because it is cheaper to build and resharpen and is more flexible than a solid design.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo643_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo643-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A common type of internal broach is the <i>keyway</i> broach (C & D). It uses a special fixture called a <i>horn</i> to support the broach and properly locate the part with relation to the broach.<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <i>concentricity broach</i> is a special type of spline cutting broach which cuts both the <a href="/wiki/Minor_diameter" title="Minor diameter">minor diameter</a> and the spline form to ensure precise concentricity.<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>cut-and-recut broach</i> is used to cut thin-walled workpieces. Thin-walled workpieces have a tendency to expand during cutting and then shrink afterward. This broach overcomes that problem by first broaching with the standard roughing teeth, followed by a "breathing" section, which serves as a pilot as the workpiece shrinks. The teeth after the "breathing" section then include roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing teeth.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 789px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raeumnadel1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="An internal broach for cutting splines"><img alt="An internal broach for cutting splines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Raeumnadel1.JPG/220px-Raeumnadel1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Raeumnadel1.JPG/330px-Raeumnadel1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Raeumnadel1.JPG/440px-Raeumnadel1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2915" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An internal broach for cutting splines</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raeumnadel-letzte_Zahnreihen.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The finishing teeth"><img alt="The finishing teeth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Raeumnadel-letzte_Zahnreihen.JPG/160px-Raeumnadel-letzte_Zahnreihen.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Raeumnadel-letzte_Zahnreihen.JPG/240px-Raeumnadel-letzte_Zahnreihen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Raeumnadel-letzte_Zahnreihen.JPG/320px-Raeumnadel-letzte_Zahnreihen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The finishing teeth</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raeumnadel-mittlere_Zahnreihen.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The semi-finishing teeth"><img alt="The semi-finishing teeth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Raeumnadel-mittlere_Zahnreihen.JPG/160px-Raeumnadel-mittlere_Zahnreihen.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Raeumnadel-mittlere_Zahnreihen.JPG/240px-Raeumnadel-mittlere_Zahnreihen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Raeumnadel-mittlere_Zahnreihen.JPG/320px-Raeumnadel-mittlere_Zahnreihen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The semi-finishing teeth</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raeumnadel-erste_Zahnreihen.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The roughing teeth"><img alt="The roughing teeth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Raeumnadel-erste_Zahnreihen.JPG/160px-Raeumnadel-erste_Zahnreihen.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Raeumnadel-erste_Zahnreihen.JPG/240px-Raeumnadel-erste_Zahnreihen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Raeumnadel-erste_Zahnreihen.JPG/320px-Raeumnadel-erste_Zahnreihen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The roughing teeth</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raeumnadel-Fuehrungsteil.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The front pilot"><img alt="The front pilot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Raeumnadel-Fuehrungsteil.JPG/220px-Raeumnadel-Fuehrungsteil.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Raeumnadel-Fuehrungsteil.JPG/330px-Raeumnadel-Fuehrungsteil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Raeumnadel-Fuehrungsteil.JPG/440px-Raeumnadel-Fuehrungsteil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="389" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The front pilot</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raemnadelschaft.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The slot in the tip of the broach where the broaching machine latches on to the broach to pull it through the workpiece"><img alt="The slot in the tip of the broach where the broaching machine latches on to the broach to pull it through the workpiece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Raemnadelschaft.JPG/160px-Raemnadelschaft.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Raemnadelschaft.JPG/240px-Raemnadelschaft.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Raemnadelschaft.JPG/320px-Raemnadelschaft.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The slot in the tip of the broach where the broaching machine latches on to the broach to pull it through the workpiece</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For defining the geometry of a broach an internal type is shown below. Note that the geometries of other broaches are similar. </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Broach_geometry.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Broach_geometry.png/1000px-Broach_geometry.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Broach_geometry.png/1500px-Broach_geometry.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Broach_geometry.png 2x" data-file-width="1627" data-file-height="598" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Broach_tooth_geometry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Broach_tooth_geometry.svg/400px-Broach_tooth_geometry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Broach_tooth_geometry.svg/600px-Broach_tooth_geometry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Broach_tooth_geometry.svg/800px-Broach_tooth_geometry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </p><p>where: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i>P</i> = pitch</li> <li><i>RPT</i> = rise per tooth</li> <li><i>n</i><sub>r</sub> = number of roughing teeth</li> <li><i>n</i><sub>s</sub> = number of semi-finishing teeth</li> <li><i>n</i><sub>f</sub> = number of finishing teeth</li> <li><i>t</i><sub>r</sub> = RPT for the roughing teeth</li> <li><i>t</i><sub>s</sub> = RPT for the semi-finishing teeth</li> <li><i>t</i><sub>f</sub> = RPT for the finishing teeth</li> <li><i>L</i><sub>s</sub> = Shank length</li> <li><i>L</i><sub>RP</sub> = Rear pilot length</li> <li><i>D</i><sub>1</sub> = Diameter of the tooth tip</li> <li><i>D</i><sub>2</sub> = Diameter of the tooth root</li> <li><i>D</i> = Depth of a tooth (0.4P)</li> <li><i>L</i> = Land (behind the cutting edge) (0.25P)</li> <li><i>R</i> = Radius of the gullet (0.25P)</li> <li><i>α</i> = Hook angle or <a href="/wiki/Rake_angle" title="Rake angle">rake angle</a></li> <li><i>γ</i> = Back-off angle or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clearance_angle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clearance angle (page does not exist)">clearance angle</a></li> <li><i>L</i><sub>w</sub> = Length of the workpiece (not shown)</li></ul> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Progressive_surface_broach.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Progressive_surface_broach.png/220px-Progressive_surface_broach.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Progressive_surface_broach.png/330px-Progressive_surface_broach.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Progressive_surface_broach.png/440px-Progressive_surface_broach.png 2x" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>A progressive surface broach</figcaption></figure> <p>The most important characteristic of a broach is the rise per tooth (RPT), which is how much material is removed by each tooth. The RPT varies for each section of the broach, which are the roughing section (<i>t</i><sub>r</sub>), semi-finishing section (<i>t</i><sub>s</sub>), and finishing section (<i>t</i><sub>f</sub>). The roughing teeth remove most of the material so the number of roughing teeth required dictates how long the broach is.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo638-9_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo638-9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The semi-finishing teeth provide surface finish and the finishing teeth provide the final finishing. The finishing section's RPT (t<sub>f</sub>) is usually zero so that as the first finishing teeth wear the later ones continue the sizing function. For <a href="/wiki/Free-machining_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-machining steel">free-machining steels</a> the RPT ranges from 0.006 to 0.001 in (0.152 to 0.025 mm). For surface broaching the RPT is usually between 0.003 to 0.006 in (0.076 to 0.152 mm) and for diameter broaching is usually between 0.0012 to 0.0025 in (0.030 to 0.064 mm). The exact value depends on many factors. If the cut is too big it will impart too much stress into the teeth and the workpiece; if the cut is too small the teeth rub instead of cutting. One way to increase the RPT while keeping the stresses down is with <i>chip breakers</i>. They are notches in the teeth designed to break the chip and decrease the overall amount of material being removed by any given tooth (see the drawing above).<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo641_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo641-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For broaching to be effective, the workpiece should have 0.020 to 0.025 in (0.51 to 0.64 mm) more material than the final dimension of the cut.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo642_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo642-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>hook</i> (<i>α</i>) angle is a parameter of the material being cut. For steel, it is between 15 and 20° and for cast iron it is between 6 and 8°. The <i>back-off</i> (<i>γ</i>) provides clearance for the teeth so that they don't rub on the workpiece; it is usually between 1 and 3°.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo641_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo641-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When radially broaching workpieces that require a deep cut per tooth, such as forgings or <a href="/wiki/Casting_(metalworking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Casting (metalworking)">castings</a>, a <i>rotor-cut</i> or <i>jump-cut</i> design can be used; these broaches are also known as <i>free egress</i> or <i>nibbling</i> broaches.<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this design the RPT is designated to two or three rows of teeth. For the broach to work the first tooth of that cluster has a wide notch, or undercut, and then the next tooth has a smaller notch (in a three tooth design) and the final tooth has no notch. This allows for a deep cut while keeping stresses, forces, and power requirements low.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo641_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo641-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two different options for achieving the same goal when broaching a flat surface. The first is similar to the rotor-cut design, which is known as a <i>double-cut</i> design. Here four teeth in a row have the same RPT, but each progressive tooth takes only a portion of the cut due to notches in the teeth (see the image gallery below). The other option is known as a <i>progressive</i> broach, which completely machines the center of the workpiece and then the rest of the broach machines outward from there. All of these designs require a broach that is longer than if a standard design were used.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo641_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo641-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For some circular broaches, <i>burnishing teeth</i> are provided instead of finishing teeth. They are not really teeth, as they are just rounded discs that are 0.001 to 0.003 in (0.025 to 0.076 mm) oversized. This results in <a href="/wiki/Burnishing_(metal)" title="Burnishing (metal)">burnishing</a> the hole to the proper size. This is primarily used on non-ferrous and cast iron workpieces.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo642_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo642-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pitch defines the tooth construction, strength, and number of teeth in contact with the workpiece. The pitch is usually calculated from workpiece length, so that the broach can be designed to have at least two teeth in contact with the workpiece at any time; the pitch remains constant for all teeth of the broach. One way to calculate the pitch is:<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo638-9_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo638-9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P\cong 0.35{\sqrt {L_{\mathrm {w} }}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>≅</mo> <mn>0.35</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">w</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P\cong 0.35{\sqrt {L_{\mathrm {w} }}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aebabd2a4864fb81d5cda7737a0927b57016aaad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:14.304ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P\cong 0.35{\sqrt {L_{\mathrm {w} }}}}"></span></dd></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double-cut_surface_broach.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Example of a double-cut surface broach"><img alt="Example of a double-cut surface broach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Double-cut_surface_broach.png/220px-Double-cut_surface_broach.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Double-cut_surface_broach.png/330px-Double-cut_surface_broach.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Double-cut_surface_broach.png/440px-Double-cut_surface_broach.png 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="993" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Example of a double-cut surface broach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double-cut_surface_broach_top.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Top view of a double-cut surface broach"><img alt="Top view of a double-cut surface broach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Double-cut_surface_broach_top.png/220px-Double-cut_surface_broach_top.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Double-cut_surface_broach_top.png/330px-Double-cut_surface_broach_top.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Double-cut_surface_broach_top.png/440px-Double-cut_surface_broach_top.png 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="994" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Top view of a double-cut surface broach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double-cut_surface_broach_side.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Side view of a double-cut surface broach"><img alt="Side view of a double-cut surface broach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Double-cut_surface_broach_side.png/220px-Double-cut_surface_broach_side.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Double-cut_surface_broach_side.png/330px-Double-cut_surface_broach_side.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Double-cut_surface_broach_side.png/440px-Double-cut_surface_broach_side.png 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="610" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Side view of a double-cut surface broach</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broaching_machines">Broaching machines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Broaching machines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raeummaschine_Hydraulikzylinder.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Raeummaschine_Hydraulikzylinder.JPG/220px-Raeummaschine_Hydraulikzylinder.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Raeummaschine_Hydraulikzylinder.JPG/330px-Raeummaschine_Hydraulikzylinder.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Raeummaschine_Hydraulikzylinder.JPG/440px-Raeummaschine_Hydraulikzylinder.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The hydraulic cylinder of a horizontal broaching machine.</figcaption></figure> <p>Broaching machines are relatively simple as they only have to move the broach in a linear motion at a predetermined speed and provide a means for handling the broach automatically. Most machines are <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery" title="Hydraulic machinery">hydraulic</a>, but a few specialty machines are mechanically driven. The machines are distinguished by whether their motion is horizontal or vertical. The choice of machine is primarily dictated by the stroke required. Vertical broaching machines rarely have a stroke longer than 60 in (1.5 m).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vertical broaching machines can be designed for push broaching, pull-down broaching, pull-up broaching, or surface broaching. Push broaching machines are similar to an <a href="/wiki/Arbor_press" title="Arbor press">arbor press</a> with a guided ram; typical capacities are 5 to 50 tons. The two ram pull-down machine is the most common type of broaching machine. This style machine has the rams under the table. Pull-up machines have the ram above the table; they usually have more than one ram.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo644_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo644-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most surface broaching is done on a vertical machine.<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Horizontal broaching machines are designed for pull broaching, surface broaching, continuous broaching, and rotary broaching. Pull style machines are basically vertical machines laid on the side with a longer stroke. Surface style machines hold the broach stationary while the workpieces are clamped into fixtures that are mounted on a conveyor system. Continuous style machines are similar to the surface style machines except adapted for internal broaching.<sup id="cite_ref-degarmo644_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-degarmo644-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Horizontal machines used to be much more common than vertical machines; however, today they represent just 10% of all broaching machines purchased. Vertical machines are more popular because they take up less space.<sup id="cite_ref-basics_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Broaching is often impossible without the specific broaching or keyway machines unless you have a system that can be used in conjunction with a modern machining centre or driven tooling lathe; these extra bits of equipment open up the possibility of producing keyways, splines and <a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">Torx</a> through one-hit machining.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rotary_broaching">Rotary broaching</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rotary broaching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotary_Broaching.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rotary_Broaching.svg/220px-Rotary_Broaching.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rotary_Broaching.svg/330px-Rotary_Broaching.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rotary_Broaching.svg/440px-Rotary_Broaching.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="140" /></a><figcaption>Schematic of a rotary broach starting a cut. <table> <tbody><tr> <td>θ</td> <td>Off-axis (wobble) angle </td></tr> <tr> <td>θ<sub>r</sub></td> <td>Rake </td></tr> <tr> <td>θ<sub>f</sub></td> <td>Front relief </td></tr> <tr> <td>d<sub>p</sub></td> <td>Pilot diameter </td></tr> <tr> <td>w</td> <td>Width across corners (AC) </td></tr></tbody></table></figcaption></figure> <p>A somewhat different design of cutting tool that can achieve the irregular hole or outer profile of a broach is called a <i>rotary broach</i> or <i>wobble broach</i>. One of the biggest advantages to this type of broaching is that it does not require a broaching machine, but instead is used on lathes, milling machines,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> screw machines or <a href="/wiki/Swiss_lathe" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss lathe">Swiss lathes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cte_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cte-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rotary broaching requires two tooling components: a tool holder and a broach. The leading (cutting) edge of the broach has a contour matching the desired final shape. The broach is mounted in a special tool holder that allows it to freely rotate. The tool holder is special because it holds the tool so that its axis of rotation is inclined slightly to the axis of rotation of the work. A typical value for this misalignment is 1°. This angle is what produces a rotating edge for the broach to cut the workpiece. Either the workpiece or the tool holder is rotated. If the tool holder is rotated, the misalignment causes the broach to appear as though it is "wobbling", which is the origin of the term <i>wobble broach</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-cte_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cte-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For internal broaching the sides of the broach are <a href="/wiki/Draft_(engineering)" title="Draft (engineering)">drafted</a> inward so it becomes thinner; for external broaching the sides are drafted outward, to make the pocket bigger. This draft keeps the broach from jamming; the draft must be larger than the angle of misalignment. If the work piece rotates, the broach is pressed against it, is driven by it, and rotates synchronously with it. If the tool holder rotates, the broach is pressed against the workpiece, but is driven by the tool holder.<sup id="cite_ref-cte_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cte-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ideally the tool advances at the same rate that it cuts. The ideal rate of cut is defined as:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>Rate of cut [inches per rotation (IPR)] = (diameter of tool [inches]) × sin(Angle of misalignment [degrees])</dd></dl> <p>If it advances much faster, then the tool becomes choked; conversely, if it advances much slower, then an interrupted or zig-zag cut occurs. In practice the rate of cut is slightly less than the ideal rate so that the load is released on the non-cutting edge of the tool. </p><p>There is some spiraling of the tool as it cuts, so the form at the bottom of the workpiece may be rotated with respect to the form at the top of the hole or profile. Spiraling may be undesirable because it binds the body of the tool and prevents it from cutting sharply. One solution to this is to reverse the rotation in mid cut, causing the tool to spiral in the opposite direction. If reversing the machine is not practical, then interrupting the cut is another possible solution. </p><p>In general, a rotary broach will not cut as accurately as a push or pull broach. However, the ability to use this type of cutting tool on common <a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine tools</a> is highly advantageous. In addition, push or pull broaches cannot be used in a blind hole, while a rotary broach can, as long as there is sufficient space for chips at the bottom of the hole. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reamer" title="Reamer">Reamer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span 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0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120713020139/http://its.foxvalleytech.com/MachShop3/broach/BroachingIS.htm"><i>Milling Operations – Broaching</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" 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pp. 7‐32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-degarmo638-9-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-degarmo638-9_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-degarmo638-9_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDegarmoBlackKohser2003">Degarmo, Black & Kohser 2003</a>, pp. 638–639.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDegarmoBlackKohser2003">Degarmo, Black & Kohser 2003</a>, pp. 643–644.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-degarmo644-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-degarmo644_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-degarmo644_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDegarmoBlackKohser2003">Degarmo, Black & Kohser 2003</a>, p. 644.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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Cutwel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cutwel.co.uk&rft.atitle=Linear+Broaching+Made+Simple+With+Benz+LinA%2FLinS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cutwel.co.uk%2Flinear-broaching-made-simple-with-benz-linalins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroaching+%28metalworking%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTsPXFy7Xx0">"Rotary Broaching on a Bridgeport"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Video)</span>. Polygon Solutions Inc. 15 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211116/uTsPXFy7Xx0">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rotary+Broaching+on+a+Bridgeport&rft.pub=Polygon+Solutions+Inc&rft.date=2010-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DuTsPXFy7Xx0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroaching+%28metalworking%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cte-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cte_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cte_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cte_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagwellTryles2006" class="citation cs2">Bagwell, Peter; Tryles, Jeff (March 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708212634/http://www.ctemag.com/pdf/2006/0603-Broaching.pdf">"One-Pass Polygons"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Cutting Tool Engineering</i>, <b>58</b> (3), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctemag.com/pdf/2006/0603-Broaching.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-08</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cutting+Tool+Engineering&rft.atitle=One-Pass+Polygons&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2006-03&rft.aulast=Bagwell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Tryles%2C+Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctemag.com%2Fpdf%2F2006%2F0603-Broaching.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroaching+%28metalworking%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716103653/http://www.sommatool.com/manuscripts/broaching.asp"><i>Somma: Offset Rotating Broach</i></a>, Somma Tool Company, Inc., archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sommatool.com/manuscripts/broaching.asp">the original</a> on 2011-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Somma%3A+Offset+Rotating+Broach&rft.pub=Somma+Tool+Company%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sommatool.com%2Fmanuscripts%2Fbroaching.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroaching+%28metalworking%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDegarmoBlackKohser2003" class="citation cs2">Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003), <i>Materials and Processes in Manufacturing</i> (9th ed.), Wiley, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-65653-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-65653-4"><bdi>0-471-65653-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Materials+and+Processes+in+Manufacturing&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-471-65653-4&rft.aulast=Degarmo&rft.aufirst=E.+Paul&rft.au=Black%2C+J+T.&rft.au=Kohser%2C+Ronald+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroaching+%28metalworking%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrozda1983" class="citation cs2">Drozda, Tom; Wick, Charles; Benedict, John T.; Veilleux, Raymond F.; Society of Manufacturing Engineers; Bakerjian, Ramon (1983), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uiM56pDFdqsC"><i>Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook: Machining</i></a>, vol. 1 (4th, illustrated ed.), Society of Manufacturing Engineers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87263-085-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87263-085-7"><bdi>978-0-87263-085-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tool+and+Manufacturing+Engineers+Handbook%3A+Machining&rft.edition=4th%2C+illustrated&rft.pub=Society+of+Manufacturing+Engineers&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-87263-085-7&rft.aulast=Drozda&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Wick%2C+Charles&rft.au=Benedict%2C+John+T.&rft.au=Veilleux%2C+Raymond+F.&rft.au=Society+of+Manufacturing+Engineers&rft.au=Bakerjian%2C+Ramon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuiM56pDFdqsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroaching+%28metalworking%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToddAllenAlting1994" class="citation cs2">Todd, Robert H.; Allen, Dell K.; Alting, Leo (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6x1smAf_PAcC"><i>Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide</i></a>, Industrial Press Inc., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8311-3049-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8311-3049-0"><bdi>0-8311-3049-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manufacturing+Processes+Reference+Guide&rft.pub=Industrial+Press+Inc.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8311-3049-0&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft.au=Allen%2C+Dell+K.&rft.au=Alting%2C+Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6x1smAf_PAcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroaching+%28metalworking%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zEz9CSoA3s">How To Rotary Broach Video</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tAz5YDFtAs">Demonstration using hand operated press</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190715210622/http://www.broachingmachine.com/broach-machine-videos.html">How Broaching Machines Work</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Countersink" title="Countersink">Countersink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_mill" title="End mill">End mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(tool)" title="File (tool)">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_scraper" title="Hand scraper">Hand scraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milling_cutter" title="Milling cutter">Milling cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibbler" title="Nibbler">Nibbler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxy-fuel_welding_and_cutting" title="Oxy-fuel welding and cutting">Oxy-fuel cutting torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reamer" title="Reamer">Reamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shear_(sheet_metal)" title="Shear (sheet metal)">Shears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipped_tool" title="Tipped tool">Tipped tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_bit" title="Tool bit">Tool bit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forming tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brake_(sheet_metal_bending)" title="Brake (sheet metal bending)">Brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_(manufacturing)" title="Die (manufacturing)">Die</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_wheel" title="English wheel">English wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_press" title="Hydraulic press">Hydraulic press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_press" title="Machine press">Machine press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_press" title="Punch press">Punch press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_press" title="Screw press">Screw press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamping_press" title="Stamping press">Stamping press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalworking_hand_tool" title="Metalworking hand tool">Hand tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clamp_(tool)" title="Clamp (tool)">Clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_square" title="Combination square">Combination square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drift_pin" title="Drift pin">Drift pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacksaw" title="Hacksaw">Hacksaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_scraper" title="Hand scraper">Hand scraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machinist_square" title="Machinist square">Machinist square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlegun_scaler" title="Needlegun scaler">Needlegun scaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piercing_saw" title="Piercing saw">Piercing saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliers" title="Pliers">Pliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_(tool)" title="Punch (tool)">Punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scriber" title="Scriber">Scriber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_and_die" title="Tap and die">Tap and die</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongs" title="Tongs">Tongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vise" title="Vise">Vise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workbench" title="Workbench">Workbench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrench" title="Wrench">Wrench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">Machine tooling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angle_plate" title="Angle plate">Angle plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_(engineering)" title="Chuck (engineering)">Chuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collet" title="Collet">Collet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixture_(tool)" title="Fixture (tool)">Fixture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexing_head" title="Indexing head">Indexing head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jig_(tool)" title="Jig (tool)">Jig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lathe_center" title="Lathe center">Lathe center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_taper" title="Machine taper">Machine taper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_switchable_device" title="Magnetic switchable device">Magnetic switchable device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandrel" title="Mandrel">Mandrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_table" title="Rotary table">Rotary table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiggler_(tool)" title="Wiggler (tool)">Wiggler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Metalworking_measuring_instruments" title="Category:Metalworking measuring instruments">Measuring instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bore_gauge" title="Bore gauge">Bore gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calipers" title="Calipers">Caliper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_gauge" title="Center gauge">Center gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indicator_(distance_amplifying_instrument)" title="Indicator (distance amplifying instrument)">Dial indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer%27s_blue" title="Engineer's blue">Engineer's blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer%27s_spirit_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineer's spirit level">Engineer's spirit level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeler_gauge" title="Feeler gauge">Feeler gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(instrument)" title="Gauge (instrument)">Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_block" title="Gauge block">Gauge block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go/no_go_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Go/no go gauge">Go/no go gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_gauge" title="Height gauge">Height gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machinist_square" title="Machinist square">Machinist square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marking_blue" title="Marking blue">Marking blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marking_gauge" title="Marking gauge">Marking gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marking_out" title="Marking out">Marking out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micrometer_(device)" title="Micrometer (device)">Micrometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_comparator" title="Optical comparator">Optical comparator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radius_gauge" title="Radius gauge">Radius gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruler" title="Ruler">Ruler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sine_bar" title="Sine bar">Sine bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straightedge" title="Straightedge">Straightedge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_plate" title="Surface plate">Surface plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_measure" title="Tape measure">Tape measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_pitch_gauge" title="Thread pitch gauge">Thread pitch gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernier_scale" title="Vernier scale">Vernier scale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">Smithing tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anvil" title="Anvil">Anvil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forge" title="Forge">Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuller_(metalworking)" title="Fuller (metalworking)">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardy_tool" title="Hardy tool">Hardy tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritchel" title="Pritchel">Pritchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_hammer" title="Steam hammer">Steam hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swage_block" title="Swage block">Swage block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip_hammer" title="Trip hammer">Trip hammer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casting" title="Casting">Casting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">Fabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forming_processes" title="Forming processes">Forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machining" title="Machining">Machining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">Smithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_metalworking" title="Outline of metalworking">Tools and terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">Welding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cutting_and_abrasive_tools" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cutting_and_abrasive_tools" title="Template:Cutting and abrasive tools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cutting_and_abrasive_tools" title="Template talk:Cutting and abrasive tools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cutting_and_abrasive_tools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cutting and abrasive tools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cutting_and_abrasive_tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cutting" title="Cutting">Cutting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">abrasive</a> tools</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade" title="Blade">Blade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_cutter" title="Bolt cutter">Bolt cutter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Broach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnisher" title="Burnisher">Burnisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_tile_cutter" title="Ceramic tile cutter">Ceramic tile cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisel" title="Chisel">Chisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countersink" title="Countersink">Countersink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutting_tool_(machining)" title="Cutting tool (machining)">Cutting tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagonal_pliers" title="Diagonal pliers">Diagonal pliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_blade" title="Diamond blade">Diamond blade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_tool" title="Diamond tool">Diamond tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_cutter" title="Disc cutter">Disc cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawknife" title="Drawknife">Drawknife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill_bit" title="Drill bit">Drill bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emery_cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Emery cloth">Emery cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(tool)" title="File (tool)">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froe" title="Froe">Froe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_cutter" title="Glass cutter">Glass cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grater" title="Grater">Grater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_wheel" title="Grinding wheel">Grinding wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honing_steel" title="Honing steel">Honing steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawn_mower" title="Lawn mower">Lawn mower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machete" title="Machete">Machete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_slicer" title="Meat slicer">Meat slicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzaluna" title="Mezzaluna">Mezzaluna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milling_cutter" title="Milling cutter">Milling cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_clipper" title="Nail clipper">Nail clipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibbler" title="Nibbler">Nibbler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxy-fuel_welding_and_cutting" title="Oxy-fuel welding and cutting">Oxy-fuel cutting torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_sharpener" title="Pencil sharpener">Pencil sharpener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipecutter" title="Pipecutter">Pipecutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_cutter" title="Pizza cutter">Pizza cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_cutting" title="Plasma cutting">Plasma cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plane_(tool)" title="Plane (tool)">Plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_knife" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket knife">Pocket knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putty_knife" title="Putty knife">Putty knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasp" title="Rasp">Rasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razor" title="Razor">Razor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razor_strop" title="Razor strop">Razor strop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reamer" title="Reamer">Reamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandpaper" title="Sandpaper">Sandpaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw" title="Saw">Saw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive_saw" title="Abrasive saw">Abrasive saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandsaw" title="Bandsaw">Bandsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw" title="Chainsaw">Chainsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_saw" title="Circular saw">Circular saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_saw" title="Concrete saw">Concrete saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coping_saw" title="Coping saw">Coping saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretsaw" title="Fretsaw">Fretsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacksaw" title="Hacksaw">Hacksaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_saw" title="Hand saw">Hand saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_saw" title="Hole saw">Hole saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miter_saw" title="Miter saw">Miter saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_saw" title="Wire saw">Wire saw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalpel" title="Scalpel">Scalpel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissors" title="Scissors">Scissors</a></li> <li>Scraper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Card_scraper" title="Card scraper">Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_scraper" title="Hand scraper">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_scraper" class="mw-redirect" title="Paint scraper">Paint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharpening_jig" title="Sharpening jig">Sharpening jig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharpening_stone" title="Sharpening stone">Sharpening stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snips" title="Snips">Snips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_wool" title="Steel wool">Steel wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surform" title="Surform">Surform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switchblade" title="Switchblade">Switchblade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_bit" title="Tool bit">Tool bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_knife" title="Utility knife">Utility knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_jet_cutter" title="Water jet cutter">Water jet cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_brush" title="Wire brush">Wire brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_stripper" title="Wire stripper">Wire stripper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_tools" title="Template:Types of tools">Types of tools</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cleaning_tools" title="Template:Cleaning tools">Cleaning</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cutting_and_abrasive_tools" title="Template:Cutting and abrasive tools">Cutting and abrasive</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Forestry_tools" title="Template:Forestry tools">Forestry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Garden_tools" title="Template:Garden tools">Garden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hand_tools" title="Template:Hand tools">Hand</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Kitchen_tools" title="Template:Kitchen tools">Kitchen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Machine_and_metalworking_tools" title="Template:Machine and metalworking tools">Machine and metalworking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Masonry_tools" title="Template:Masonry tools">Masonry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Measuring_and_alignment_tools" title="Template:Measuring and alignment tools">Measuring and alignment</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mining_equipment" title="Template:Mining equipment">Mining</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_tools" title="Template:Power tools">Power</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Textile_tools" title="Template:Textile tools">Textile</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Woodworking" title="Template:Woodworking">Woodworking</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&oldid=1182261775">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broaching_(metalworking)&oldid=1182261775</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cutting_tools" title="Category:Cutting tools">Cutting tools</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metalworking_cutting_tools" title="Category:Metalworking cutting tools">Metalworking cutting 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