CINXE.COM

EarthScape – Page 3 – An Online Resource for the Global Enviroment

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <title>EarthScape &#8211; Page 3 &#8211; An Online Resource for the Global Enviroment</title> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="EarthScape &raquo; Feed" href="http://www.earthscape.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="EarthScape &raquo; Comments Feed" href="http://www.earthscape.org/comments/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"http:\/\/www.earthscape.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-block-site-logo-inline-css'> .wp-block-site-logo{box-sizing:border-box;line-height:0}.wp-block-site-logo a{display:inline-block;line-height:0}.wp-block-site-logo.is-default-size img{height:auto;width:120px}.wp-block-site-logo img{height:auto;max-width:100%}.wp-block-site-logo a,.wp-block-site-logo img{border-radius:inherit}.wp-block-site-logo.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align:center}:root :where(.wp-block-site-logo.is-style-rounded){border-radius:9999px} </style> <style id='wp-block-site-title-inline-css'> .wp-block-site-title{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-site-title :where(a){color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;text-decoration:inherit} </style> <style id='wp-block-group-inline-css'> .wp-block-group{box-sizing:border-box}:where(.wp-block-group.wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained){position:relative} </style> <style id='wp-block-group-theme-inline-css'> :where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='wp-block-page-list-inline-css'> .wp-block-navigation .wp-block-page-list{align-items:var(--navigation-layout-align,initial);background-color:inherit;display:flex;flex-direction:var(--navigation-layout-direction,initial);flex-wrap:var(--navigation-layout-wrap,wrap);justify-content:var(--navigation-layout-justify,initial)}.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation-item{background-color:inherit} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-navigation-css' href='http://www.earthscape.org/wp-includes/blocks/navigation/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-template-part-theme-inline-css'> :root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='wp-block-image-inline-css'> .wp-block-image a{display:inline-block}.wp-block-image img{box-sizing:border-box;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.wp-block-image img.hide{visibility:hidden}.wp-block-image img.show{animation:show-content-image .4s}}.wp-block-image[style*=border-radius] img,.wp-block-image[style*=border-radius]>a{border-radius:inherit}.wp-block-image.has-custom-border img{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-image.aligncenter{text-align:center}.wp-block-image.alignfull a,.wp-block-image.alignwide a{width:100%}.wp-block-image.alignfull img,.wp-block-image.alignwide img{height:auto;width:100%}.wp-block-image .aligncenter,.wp-block-image .alignleft,.wp-block-image .alignright,.wp-block-image.aligncenter,.wp-block-image.alignleft,.wp-block-image.alignright{display:table}.wp-block-image .aligncenter>figcaption,.wp-block-image .alignleft>figcaption,.wp-block-image .alignright>figcaption,.wp-block-image.aligncenter>figcaption,.wp-block-image.alignleft>figcaption,.wp-block-image.alignright>figcaption{caption-side:bottom;display:table-caption}.wp-block-image .alignleft{float:left;margin:.5em 1em .5em 0}.wp-block-image .alignright{float:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em}.wp-block-image .aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-image :where(figcaption){margin-bottom:1em;margin-top:.5em}.wp-block-image.is-style-circle-mask img{border-radius:9999px}@supports ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)) or (-webkit-mask-image:none){.wp-block-image.is-style-circle-mask img{border-radius:0;-webkit-mask-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="50"/></svg>');mask-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="50"/></svg>');mask-mode:alpha;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain}}:root :where(.wp-block-image.is-style-rounded img,.wp-block-image .is-style-rounded img){border-radius:9999px}.wp-block-image figure{margin:0}.wp-lightbox-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:relative}.wp-lightbox-container img{cursor:zoom-in}.wp-lightbox-container img:hover+button{opacity:1}.wp-lightbox-container button{align-items:center;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(16px) saturate(180%);backdrop-filter:blur(16px) saturate(180%);background-color:#5a5a5a40;border:none;border-radius:4px;cursor:zoom-in;display:flex;height:20px;justify-content:center;opacity:0;padding:0;position:absolute;right:16px;text-align:center;top:16px;transition:opacity .2s ease;width:20px;z-index:100}.wp-lightbox-container button:focus-visible{outline:3px auto #5a5a5a40;outline:3px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;outline-offset:3px}.wp-lightbox-container button:hover{cursor:pointer;opacity:1}.wp-lightbox-container button:focus{opacity:1}.wp-lightbox-container button:focus,.wp-lightbox-container button:hover,.wp-lightbox-container button:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background){background-color:#5a5a5a40;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay{box-sizing:border-box;cursor:zoom-out;height:100vh;left:0;overflow:hidden;position:fixed;top:0;visibility:hidden;width:100%;z-index:100000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .close-button{align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:center;min-height:40px;min-width:40px;padding:0;position:absolute;right:calc(env(safe-area-inset-right) + 16px);top:calc(env(safe-area-inset-top) + 16px);z-index:5000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .close-button:focus,.wp-lightbox-overlay .close-button:hover,.wp-lightbox-overlay .close-button:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background){background:none;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay .lightbox-image-container{height:var(--wp--lightbox-container-height);left:50%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform-origin:top left;width:var(--wp--lightbox-container-width);z-index:9999999999}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center;margin:0;position:relative;transform-origin:0 0;width:100%;z-index:3000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image img{height:var(--wp--lightbox-image-height);min-height:var(--wp--lightbox-image-height);min-width:var(--wp--lightbox-image-width);width:var(--wp--lightbox-image-width)}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image figcaption{display:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay button{background:none;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay .scrim{background-color:#fff;height:100%;opacity:.9;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:2000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay.active{animation:turn-on-visibility .25s both;visibility:visible}.wp-lightbox-overlay.active img{animation:turn-on-visibility .35s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.show-closing-animation:not(.active){animation:turn-off-visibility .35s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.show-closing-animation:not(.active) img{animation:turn-off-visibility .25s both}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active{animation:none;opacity:1;visibility:visible}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .lightbox-image-container{animation:lightbox-zoom-in .4s}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .lightbox-image-container img{animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .scrim{animation:turn-on-visibility .4s forwards}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active){animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .lightbox-image-container{animation:lightbox-zoom-out .4s}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .lightbox-image-container img{animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .scrim{animation:turn-off-visibility .4s forwards}}@keyframes show-content-image{0%{visibility:hidden}99%{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@keyframes turn-on-visibility{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes turn-off-visibility{0%{opacity:1;visibility:visible}99%{opacity:0;visibility:visible}to{opacity:0;visibility:hidden}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-in{0%{transform:translate(calc((-100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width))/2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale))}to{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1)}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-out{0%{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1);visibility:visible}99%{visibility:visible}to{transform:translate(calc((-100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width))/2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale));visibility:hidden}} </style> <style id='wp-block-image-theme-inline-css'> :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em} </style> <style id='wp-block-spacer-inline-css'> .wp-block-spacer{clear:both} </style> <style id='wp-block-post-title-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-title{box-sizing:border-box;word-break:break-word}.wp-block-post-title :where(a){display:inline-block;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;text-decoration:inherit} </style> <style id='wp-block-post-featured-image-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-featured-image{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.wp-block-post-featured-image a{display:block;height:100%}.wp-block-post-featured-image :where(img){box-sizing:border-box;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom;width:100%}.wp-block-post-featured-image.alignfull img,.wp-block-post-featured-image.alignwide img{width:100%}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim{background-color:#000;inset:0;position:absolute}.wp-block-post-featured-image{position:relative}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-gradient{background-color:initial}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-0{opacity:0}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-10{opacity:.1}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-20{opacity:.2}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-30{opacity:.3}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-40{opacity:.4}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-50{opacity:.5}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-60{opacity:.6}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-70{opacity:.7}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-80{opacity:.8}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-90{opacity:.9}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-100{opacity:1}.wp-block-post-featured-image:where(.alignleft,.alignright){width:100%} </style> <style id='wp-block-post-excerpt-inline-css'> :where(.wp-block-post-excerpt){box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:var(--wp--style--block-gap);margin-top:var(--wp--style--block-gap)}.wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}.wp-block-post-excerpt__more-text{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:var(--wp--style--block-gap)}.wp-block-post-excerpt__more-link{display:inline-block} </style> <style id='wp-block-post-date-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-date{box-sizing:border-box} </style> <style id='wp-block-columns-inline-css'> .wp-block-columns{align-items:normal!important;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap!important}@media (min-width:782px){.wp-block-columns{flex-wrap:nowrap!important}}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-top{align-items:flex-start}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-center{align-items:center}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-bottom{align-items:flex-end}@media (max-width:781px){.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:100%!important}}@media (min-width:782px){.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1}.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column[style*=flex-basis]{flex-grow:0}}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile{flex-wrap:nowrap!important}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile>.wp-block-column[style*=flex-basis]{flex-grow:0}:where(.wp-block-columns){margin-bottom:1.75em}:where(.wp-block-columns.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-column{flex-grow:1;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-top{align-self:flex-start}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-center{align-self:center}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-bottom{align-self:flex-end}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-stretch{align-self:stretch}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-bottom,.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-center,.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-top{width:100%} </style> <style id='wp-block-post-template-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-template{list-style:none;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;max-width:100%;padding:0}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1.25em}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container>li{margin:0;width:100%}@media (min-width:600px){.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container.is-flex-container.columns-2>li{width:calc(50% - .625em)}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container.is-flex-container.columns-3>li{width:calc(33.33333% - .83333em)}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container.is-flex-container.columns-4>li{width:calc(25% - .9375em)}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container.is-flex-container.columns-5>li{width:calc(20% - 1em)}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container.is-flex-container.columns-6>li{width:calc(16.66667% - 1.04167em)}}@media (max-width:600px){.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-constrained>li>.alignright,.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow>li>.alignright{float:right;margin-inline-end:0;margin-inline-start:2em}.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-constrained>li>.alignleft,.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow>li>.alignleft{float:left;margin-inline-end:2em;margin-inline-start:0}.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-constrained>li>.aligncenter,.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow>li>.aligncenter{margin-inline-end:auto;margin-inline-start:auto} </style> <style id='wp-block-query-pagination-inline-css'> .wp-block-query-pagination.is-content-justification-space-between>.wp-block-query-pagination-next:last-of-type{margin-inline-start:auto}.wp-block-query-pagination.is-content-justification-space-between>.wp-block-query-pagination-previous:first-child{margin-inline-end:auto}.wp-block-query-pagination .wp-block-query-pagination-previous-arrow{display:inline-block;margin-right:1ch}.wp-block-query-pagination .wp-block-query-pagination-previous-arrow:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1)}.wp-block-query-pagination .wp-block-query-pagination-next-arrow{display:inline-block;margin-left:1ch}.wp-block-query-pagination .wp-block-query-pagination-next-arrow:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1)}.wp-block-query-pagination.aligncenter{justify-content:center} </style> <style id='wp-block-paragraph-inline-css'> .is-small-text{font-size:.875em}.is-regular-text{font-size:1em}.is-large-text{font-size:2.25em}.is-larger-text{font-size:3em}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;line-height:.68;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase}body.rtl .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:none;margin-left:.1em}p.has-drop-cap.has-background{overflow:hidden}:root :where(p.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}p.has-text-align-left[style*="writing-mode:vertical-lr"],p.has-text-align-right[style*="writing-mode:vertical-rl"]{rotate:180deg} </style> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> :root{--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,161;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px;--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color)}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}.has-text-align-center{text-align:center}.has-text-align-left{text-align:left}.has-text-align-right{text-align:right}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-wrap:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip:auto!important;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--foreground: #000000;--wp--preset--color--background: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--primary: #1a4548;--wp--preset--color--secondary: #ffe2c7;--wp--preset--color--tertiary: #F6F6F6;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--vertical-secondary-to-tertiary: linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) 0%,var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--vertical-secondary-to-background: linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) 0%,var(--wp--preset--color--background) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--vertical-tertiary-to-background: linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) 0%,var(--wp--preset--color--background) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--diagonal-primary-to-foreground: linear-gradient(to bottom right,var(--wp--preset--color--primary) 0%,var(--wp--preset--color--foreground) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--diagonal-secondary-to-background: linear-gradient(to bottom right,var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) 50%,var(--wp--preset--color--background) 50%);--wp--preset--gradient--diagonal-background-to-secondary: linear-gradient(to bottom right,var(--wp--preset--color--background) 50%,var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) 50%);--wp--preset--gradient--diagonal-tertiary-to-background: linear-gradient(to bottom right,var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) 50%,var(--wp--preset--color--background) 50%);--wp--preset--gradient--diagonal-background-to-tertiary: linear-gradient(to bottom right,var(--wp--preset--color--background) 50%,var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) 50%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 1rem;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 1.125rem;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 1.75rem;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);--wp--preset--font-family--system-font: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-pro: "Source Serif Pro", serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--custom--spacing--small: max(1.25rem, 5vw);--wp--custom--spacing--medium: clamp(2rem, 8vw, calc(4 * var(--wp--style--block-gap)));--wp--custom--spacing--large: clamp(4rem, 10vw, 8rem);--wp--custom--spacing--outer: var(--wp--custom--spacing--small, 1.25rem);--wp--custom--typography--font-size--huge: clamp(2.25rem, 4vw, 2.75rem);--wp--custom--typography--font-size--gigantic: clamp(2.75rem, 6vw, 3.25rem);--wp--custom--typography--font-size--colossal: clamp(3.25rem, 8vw, 6.25rem);--wp--custom--typography--line-height--tiny: 1.15;--wp--custom--typography--line-height--small: 1.2;--wp--custom--typography--line-height--medium: 1.4;--wp--custom--typography--line-height--normal: 1.6;}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 650px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1000px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 1.5rem; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 1.5rem; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 1.5rem;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 1.5rem;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.5rem;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.5rem;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--background);color: var(--wp--preset--color--foreground);font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system-font);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);line-height: var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--normal);padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: var(--wp--preset--color--foreground);text-decoration: underline;}h1{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-pro);font-size: var(--wp--custom--typography--font-size--colossal);font-weight: 300;line-height: var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--tiny);}h2{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-pro);font-size: var(--wp--custom--typography--font-size--gigantic);font-weight: 300;line-height: var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--small);}h3{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-pro);font-size: var(--wp--custom--typography--font-size--huge);font-weight: 300;line-height: var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--tiny);}h4{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-pro);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large);font-weight: 300;line-height: var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--tiny);}h5{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system-font);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);font-weight: 700;line-height: var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--normal);text-transform: uppercase;}h6{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system-font);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);font-weight: 400;line-height: var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--normal);text-transform: uppercase;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-foreground-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--foreground) !important;}.has-background-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--background) !important;}.has-primary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-tertiary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-foreground-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--foreground) !important;}.has-background-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--background) !important;}.has-primary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-tertiary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-foreground-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--foreground) !important;}.has-background-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--background) !important;}.has-primary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-tertiary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-vertical-secondary-to-tertiary-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vertical-secondary-to-tertiary) !important;}.has-vertical-secondary-to-background-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vertical-secondary-to-background) !important;}.has-vertical-tertiary-to-background-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vertical-tertiary-to-background) !important;}.has-diagonal-primary-to-foreground-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--diagonal-primary-to-foreground) !important;}.has-diagonal-secondary-to-background-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--diagonal-secondary-to-background) !important;}.has-diagonal-background-to-secondary-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--diagonal-background-to-secondary) !important;}.has-diagonal-tertiary-to-background-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--diagonal-tertiary-to-background) !important;}.has-diagonal-background-to-tertiary-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--diagonal-background-to-tertiary) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-system-font-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system-font) !important;}.has-source-serif-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-pro) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-post-title){font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-pro);font-size: var(--wp--custom--typography--font-size--gigantic);font-weight: 300;line-height: var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--tiny);} :root :where(.wp-block-site-title){font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system-font);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);font-style: italic;font-weight: normal;line-height: var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--normal);} </style> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'> .wp-elements-c2d3692c067254e99911402d49af8a7d a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color:var(--wp--preset--color--background);}.wp-container-core-navigation-is-layout-1{justify-content:flex-end;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2{justify-content:space-between;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-5{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-6{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-10{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-query-pagination-is-layout-1{justify-content:space-between;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-15{justify-content:space-between;} </style> <style id='wp-block-template-skip-link-inline-css'> .skip-link.screen-reader-text { border: 0; clip: rect(1px,1px,1px,1px); clip-path: inset(50%); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute !important; width: 1px; word-wrap: normal !important; } .skip-link.screen-reader-text:focus { background-color: #eee; clip: auto !important; clip-path: none; color: #444; display: block; font-size: 1em; height: auto; left: 5px; line-height: normal; padding: 15px 23px 14px; text-decoration: none; top: 5px; width: auto; z-index: 100000; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='twentytwentytwo-style-css' href='http://www.earthscape.org/wp-content/themes/twentytwentytwo/style.css?ver=1.4' media='all' /> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="http://www.earthscape.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="http://www.earthscape.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <script type="importmap" id="wp-importmap"> {"imports":{"@wordpress\/interactivity":"http:\/\/www.earthscape.org\/wp-includes\/js\/dist\/script-modules\/interactivity\/index.min.js?ver=907ea3b2f317a78b7b9b"}} </script> <script type="module" src="http://www.earthscape.org/wp-includes/js/dist/script-modules/block-library/navigation/view.min.js?ver=8ff192874fc8910a284c" id="@wordpress/block-library/navigation/view-js-module"></script> <link rel="modulepreload" href="http://www.earthscape.org/wp-includes/js/dist/script-modules/interactivity/index.min.js?ver=907ea3b2f317a78b7b9b" id="@wordpress/interactivity-js-modulepreload"><style class='wp-fonts-local'> @font-face{font-family:"Source Serif Pro";font-style:normal;font-weight:200 900;font-display:fallback;src:url('http://www.earthscape.org/wp-content/themes/twentytwentytwo/assets/fonts/source-serif-pro/SourceSerif4Variable-Roman.ttf.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:"Source Serif Pro";font-style:italic;font-weight:200 900;font-display:fallback;src:url('http://www.earthscape.org/wp-content/themes/twentytwentytwo/assets/fonts/source-serif-pro/SourceSerif4Variable-Italic.ttf.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} </style> </head> <body class="home blog paged wp-embed-responsive paged-3"> <div class="wp-site-blocks"><header class="wp-block-template-part"> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull has-background-color has-foreground-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-c2d3692c067254e99911402d49af8a7d is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px"><header class="alignwide wp-block-template-part"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-group alignwide is-content-justification-space-between is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex" style="padding-top:var(--wp--custom--spacing--small, 1.25rem);padding-bottom:var(--wp--custom--spacing--large, 8rem)"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex"> <h1 class="wp-block-site-title"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org" target="_self" rel="home" aria-current="page">EarthScape</a></h1></div> <nav class="is-responsive items-justified-right wp-block-navigation is-content-justification-right is-layout-flex wp-container-core-navigation-is-layout-1 wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flex" aria-label="" data-wp-interactive="core/navigation" data-wp-context='{"overlayOpenedBy":{"click":false,"hover":false,"focus":false},"type":"overlay","roleAttribute":"","ariaLabel":"Menu"}'><button aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Open menu" class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-open " data-wp-on-async--click="actions.openMenuOnClick" data-wp-on--keydown="actions.handleMenuKeydown" ><svg width="24" height="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><rect x="4" y="7.5" width="16" height="1.5" /><rect x="4" y="15" width="16" height="1.5" /></svg></button> <div class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-container " id="modal-1" data-wp-class--has-modal-open="state.isMenuOpen" data-wp-class--is-menu-open="state.isMenuOpen" data-wp-watch="callbacks.initMenu" data-wp-on--keydown="actions.handleMenuKeydown" data-wp-on-async--focusout="actions.handleMenuFocusout" tabindex="-1" > <div class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-close" tabindex="-1"> <div class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-dialog" data-wp-bind--aria-modal="state.ariaModal" data-wp-bind--aria-label="state.ariaLabel" data-wp-bind--role="state.roleAttribute" > <button aria-label="Close menu" class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-close" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.closeMenuOnClick" ><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="m13.06 12 6.47-6.47-1.06-1.06L12 10.94 5.53 4.47 4.47 5.53 10.94 12l-6.47 6.47 1.06 1.06L12 13.06l6.47 6.47 1.06-1.06L13.06 12Z"></path></svg></button> <div class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-content" data-wp-watch="callbacks.focusFirstElement" id="modal-1-content"> <ul class="wp-block-navigation__container is-responsive items-justified-right wp-block-navigation"><ul class="wp-block-page-list"><li class="wp-block-pages-list__item wp-block-navigation-item open-on-hover-click"><a class="wp-block-pages-list__item__link wp-block-navigation-item__content" href="http://www.earthscape.org/about/">About</a></li></ul></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></nav></div> </div> </header> <figure class="wp-block-image alignwide size-full"><img decoding="async" src="http://www.earthscape.org/wp-content/themes/twentytwentytwo/assets/images/flight-path-on-transparent-d.png" alt="Illustration of a bird flying."/></figure> </div> <div style="height:66px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </header> <main class="wp-block-query is-layout-constrained wp-block-query-is-layout-constrained"><ul class="alignwide wp-block-post-template is-layout-flow wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow"><li class="wp-block-post post-6698 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-news"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h2 class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/mealworms-may-turn-infected-wheat-into-cash/" target="_self" >Mealworms may turn infected wheat into cash</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt">The potential solution discovered by University of Saskatchewan researchers for producers stuck with unsellable fusarium-infected wheat may actually put cash in the farmers&rsquo; pockets and open up a new worm-based niche market in the feed industry.&ldquo;We want to help producers by making use of grain that is worth nothing and that no one knows how&hellip; </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2018-01-25T13:21:00+00:00"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/mealworms-may-turn-infected-wheat-into-cash/">January 25, 2018</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-6699 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-news"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h2 class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/record-jump-in-2014-2016-temps-largest-since-1900/" target="_self" >Record Jump in 2014-2016 Temps Largest Since 1900</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt">Global surface temperatures surged by a record amount from 2014 to 2016, boosting the total amount of warming since the start of the last century by more than 25 percent in just three years, according to new University of Arizona-led research. </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2018-01-25T13:10:00+00:00"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/record-jump-in-2014-2016-temps-largest-since-1900/">January 25, 2018</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-6700 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-news"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h2 class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/rise-in-severity-of-hottest-days-outpaces-global-average-temperature-increase/" target="_self" >Rise in severity of hottest days outpaces global average temperature increase</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt">UCI study also finds megacities affected most by uptick in extreme-heat events </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2018-01-24T21:29:00+00:00"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/rise-in-severity-of-hottest-days-outpaces-global-average-temperature-increase/">January 24, 2018</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-6703 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-news"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h2 class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/york-university-research-explains-why-global-responses-to-pandemics-are-too-slow/" target="_self" >York University research explains why global responses to pandemics are too slow</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt">New research out of York University shows that political dilly-dallying delays global responses to emerging pandemics more than poor surveillance capacity.Steven J. Hoffman, professor in the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, Faculty of Health and Osgoode Hall Law School and his colleague Sarah L. Silverberg, conducted an analysis of the three most recent pandemics&hellip; </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2018-01-24T21:27:00+00:00"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/york-university-research-explains-why-global-responses-to-pandemics-are-too-slow/">January 24, 2018</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-6702 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-news"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h2 class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/meat-is-not-the-new-tobacco-and-shouldnt-be-taxed/" target="_self" >Meat is not the &#8220;new tobacco,&#8221; and shouldn&#39;t be taxed</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-5 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt">The idea of having to pay a sin tax for environmentally detrimental foods is gaining more support. For some, eating meat is a sin, and therefore meat products should be taxed like alcohol and tobacco.A new report published recently by a British group called Farm Animal Investment Risk and Return Initiative (FAIRR) argues that a&hellip; </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2018-01-24T21:27:00+00:00"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/meat-is-not-the-new-tobacco-and-shouldnt-be-taxed/">January 24, 2018</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-6701 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-news"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h2 class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/less-predictable-precipitation/" target="_self" >Less predictable precipitation</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-6 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt">Waning influence of once-telling weather patterns altered by global warming skews projections. </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2018-01-24T21:18:00+00:00"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/less-predictable-precipitation/">January 24, 2018</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-6704 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-news"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h2 class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/rare-traces-of-a-volatile-gas/" target="_self" >Rare Traces of a Volatile Gas</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt">Nitrogen oxides &mdash; i.e. nitrogen compounds with varying amounts of oxygen &mdash; have a very bad reputation. They are produced among other things by burning fossil fuels. In regions with heavy traffic and a lot of industry, they occur in high concentrations and are made responsible for a large number of diseases of the respiratory&hellip; </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2018-01-24T19:56:00+00:00"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/rare-traces-of-a-volatile-gas/">January 24, 2018</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-6691 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-news"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h2 class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/vaccines-not-protecting-farmed-fish-from-disease/" target="_self" >Vaccines not protecting farmed fish from disease</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt">The vaccines used by commercial fish farmers are not protecting fish from disease, according to a new study.The study was compiled by researchers at the University of Waterloo, the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso and Chile&rsquo;s University of Valparaiso. It showed vaccinated fish tend to show more symptoms when contracting diseases, with the health impacts&hellip; </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2018-01-24T16:21:00+00:00"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/vaccines-not-protecting-farmed-fish-from-disease/">January 24, 2018</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-6692 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-news"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h2 class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/cougars-officially-declared-extinct-in-eastern-u-s-removed-from-endangered-species-list/" target="_self" >Cougars Officially Declared Extinct in Eastern U.S., Removed from Endangered Species List</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt">Eastern cougars once roamed every U.S. state east of the Mississippi, but it has been eight decades since the last confirmed sighting of the animal. Now, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has officially declared the subspecies extinct and removed it from the U.S. endangered species list. </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2018-01-24T16:10:00+00:00"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/cougars-officially-declared-extinct-in-eastern-u-s-removed-from-endangered-species-list/">January 24, 2018</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-6693 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-news"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h2 class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/researchers-use-wild-rice-to-predict-health-of-minnesota-lakes-and-streams/" target="_self" >Researchers Use Wild Rice to Predict Health of Minnesota Lakes and Streams</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-10 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt">By studying wild rice in lakes and streams, a team of researchers led by the University of Minnesota has discovered that sulfate in waterways is converted into toxic levels of sulfide and increases other harmful elements. This includes methylmercury, the only form of mercury that contaminates fish. </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2018-01-24T14:49:00+00:00"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org/science/news/researchers-use-wild-rice-to-predict-health-of-minnesota-lakes-and-streams/">January 24, 2018</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div> </li></ul> <nav class="alignwide wp-block-query-pagination is-content-justification-space-between is-layout-flex wp-container-core-query-pagination-is-layout-1 wp-block-query-pagination-is-layout-flex" aria-label="Pagination"> <a href="http://www.earthscape.org/page/2/" class="wp-block-query-pagination-previous has-small-font-size"><span class='wp-block-query-pagination-previous-arrow is-arrow-arrow' aria-hidden='true'>←</span>Previous Page</a> <div class="wp-block-query-pagination-numbers"><a class="page-numbers" href="http://www.earthscape.org/">1</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="http://www.earthscape.org/page/2/">2</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">3</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="http://www.earthscape.org/page/4/">4</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="http://www.earthscape.org/page/5/">5</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="http://www.earthscape.org/page/670/">670</a></div> <a href="http://www.earthscape.org/page/4/" class="wp-block-query-pagination-next has-small-font-size">Next Page<span class='wp-block-query-pagination-next-arrow is-arrow-arrow' aria-hidden='true'>→</span></a> </nav></main> <footer class="wp-block-template-part"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--custom--spacing--large, 8rem)"> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-group alignwide is-content-justification-space-between is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-15 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex" style="padding-top:4rem;padding-bottom:4rem"><p class="wp-block-site-title"><a href="http://www.earthscape.org" target="_self" rel="home" aria-current="page">EarthScape</a></p> <p class="has-text-align-right">Proudly powered by <a href="https://wordpress.org" rel="nofollow">WordPress</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script id="wp-block-template-skip-link-js-after"> ( function() { var skipLinkTarget = document.querySelector( 'main' ), sibling, skipLinkTargetID, skipLink; // Early exit if a skip-link target can't be located. if ( ! skipLinkTarget ) { return; } /* * Get the site wrapper. * The skip-link will be injected in the beginning of it. */ sibling = document.querySelector( '.wp-site-blocks' ); // Early exit if the root element was not found. if ( ! sibling ) { return; } // Get the skip-link target's ID, and generate one if it doesn't exist. skipLinkTargetID = skipLinkTarget.id; if ( ! skipLinkTargetID ) { skipLinkTargetID = 'wp--skip-link--target'; skipLinkTarget.id = skipLinkTargetID; } // Create the skip link. skipLink = document.createElement( 'a' ); skipLink.classList.add( 'skip-link', 'screen-reader-text' ); skipLink.href = '#' + skipLinkTargetID; skipLink.innerHTML = 'Skip to content'; // Inject the skip link. sibling.parentElement.insertBefore( skipLink, sibling ); }() ); </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10