CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Typha - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"66f248e6-e029-488b-9b12-38db40e40d5e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Typha","wgTitle":"Typha","wgCurRevisionId":1244056533,"wgRevisionId":1244056533,"wgArticleId":66962,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with 'species' microformats","Pages using infobox nutritional value with unknown parameters","Articles containing Japanese-language text","All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases","Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2017","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022", "Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021","Commons category link from Wikidata","Taxonbars with 30–34 taxon IDs","Typha","Aquatic plants","Inflorescence vegetables","Poales genera","Root vegetables","Cretaceous plants"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Typha","wgRelevantArticleId":66962,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Cattail","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000, "wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Typha","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q145707","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Typha_latifolia.jpg/1200px-Typha_latifolia.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Typha_latifolia.jpg/800px-Typha_latifolia.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Typha_latifolia.jpg/640px-Typha_latifolia.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Typha - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Typha rootpage-Typha skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Typha" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Typha" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Typha" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Typha" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>General ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accepted_species_and_natural_hybrids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accepted_species_and_natural_hybrids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Accepted species and natural hybrids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accepted_species_and_natural_hybrids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_material" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_material"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Building material</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_material-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Paper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Fiber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biofuel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biofuel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Biofuel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biofuel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Typha</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD_(%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7)" title="Арджэн (удз) – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Арджэн (удз)" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Јеекен – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Јеекен" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7" title="بوط – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Екән – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Екән" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Рагоз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рагоз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Папур – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Папур" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boga" title="Boga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Boga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Чакан – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чакан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orobinec" title="Orobinec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Orobinec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhammer" title="Dunhammer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dunhammer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohrkolben" title="Rohrkolben – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rohrkolben" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tee%C5%82" title="Teeł – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Teeł" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogo%C5%BE" title="Rogož – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rogož" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundinui" title="Hundinui – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hundinui" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_(T%C3%BDpha)" title="Сандей (Týpha) – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Сандей (Týpha)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifeo_(planto)" title="Tifeo (planto) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tifeo (planto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezka" title="Lezka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lezka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="لوئی (سرده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوئی (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuorrebout" title="Tuorrebout – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tuorrebout" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%93%A4%EC%86%8D" title="부들속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="부들속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Կեռոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կեռոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohod%C5%BA" title="Rohodź – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Rohodź" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogoz" title="Rogoz – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rogoz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A3" title="סוף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="ლაქაში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლაქაში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0" title="Қоға – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қоға" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жекен – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жекен" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%93%D0%B3%D3%93%D0%BD" title="Цӓгӓн – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Цӓгӓн" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilkv%C4%81l%C4%ABtes" title="Vilkvālītes – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vilkvālītes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0vendras" title="Švendras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Švendras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifa" title="Tifa – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tifa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gy%C3%A9k%C3%A9ny" title="Gyékény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyékény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7" title="بوط – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوط" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dlli" title="Tōlli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tōlli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisdodde" title="Lisdodde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lisdodde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolnpeetr" title="Bolnpeetr – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bolnpeetr" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qo%CA%BBg%CA%BBa" title="Qoʻgʻa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qoʻgʻa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%82ka" title="Pałka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pałka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Рогоз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рогоз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86_(%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%87)" title="پن (گاهه) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پن (گاهه)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шевар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шевар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0evar" title="Ševar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ševar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmank%C3%A4%C3%A4mit" title="Osmankäämit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Osmankäämit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaveldunssl%C3%A4ktet" title="Kaveldunssläktet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaveldunssläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabuda_(Im%C9%A3i)" title="Tabuda (Imɣi) – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tabuda (Imɣi)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Has%C4%B1r_otu" title="Hasır otu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hasır otu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Рогіз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рогіз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbezjur%27" title="Umbezjur' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Umbezjur'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_b%E1%BB%93" title="Chi Hương bồ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Hương bồ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27liichi" title="Ma'liichi – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Ma'liichi" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha" title="Typha – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Typha" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%92%B2%E5%B1%9E" title="香蒲属 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="香蒲属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%97ndros" title="Šėndros – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šėndros" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%92%B2%E5%B1%9E" title="香蒲属 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="香蒲属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q145707#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Typha" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Typha" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Typha"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Typha"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Typha" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Typha" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&oldid=1244056533" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Typha&id=1244056533&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTypha"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTypha"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Typha&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Typha" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Typha" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q145707" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattail&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattail">Cattail</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of flowering plants in the family Typhaceae</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cattail" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Catstail" class="mw-redirect" title="Catstail">Catstail</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Typha</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Typha_latifolia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Typha_latifolia.jpg/220px-Typha_latifolia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Typha_latifolia.jpg/330px-Typha_latifolia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Typha_latifolia.jpg/440px-Typha_latifolia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_latifolia" title="Typha latifolia">Typha latifolia</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Typha" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Typhaceae" title="Typhaceae">Typhaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Typha</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Massula</i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dulac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dulac (page does not exist)">Dulac</a></small></li> <li><i>Rohrbachia</i> <small>(Kronf. ex Riedl) Mavrodiev</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Cattail, narrow leaf shoots</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">106 kJ (25 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">5.14 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.22 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">4.5 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.00 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">1.18 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">beta-Carotene</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 1 μg<div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div>6 μg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.023 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.025 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.440 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.234 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 0.123 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 3 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 23.7 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.7 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">19%</div> 22.8 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 54 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Copper_in_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper in health">Copper</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.041 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.91 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 63 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">33%</div> 0.760 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 45 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">10%</div> 309 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium_in_biology" title="Selenium in biology">Selenium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.6 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 109 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.24 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">92.65 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Typha</b></i> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of about 30 <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">monocotyledonous</a> <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Typhaceae" title="Typhaceae">Typhaceae</a>. These plants have a variety of common names, in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> as <b>bulrush</b><sup id="cite_ref-Streeter_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Streeter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or (mainly historically) <b>reedmace</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> as <b>cattail</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>punks</b>, in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> as <b>cumbungi</b> or <b>bulrush</b>, in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> as <b>bulrush</b> or <b>cattail</b>, and in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> as <b>reed</b>, <b>cattail</b>, <b>bulrush</b> or <b>raupo</b>. Other taxa of plants may be known as <a href="/wiki/Bulrush" title="Bulrush">bulrush</a>, including some <a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">sedges</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Scirpus" title="Scirpus">Scirpus</a></i> and related genera. </p><p>The genus is largely distributed in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>, where it is found in a variety of <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetland</a> habitats. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">rhizomes</a> are edible, though at least some species are known to accumulate toxins and so must first undergo treatment before being eaten.<sup id="cite_ref-State_of_Victoria_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_of_Victoria-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence of preserved <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a> grains on <a href="/wiki/Grinding_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Grinding stone">grinding stones</a> suggests they were already eaten in Europe 30,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Revedin_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Revedin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Typha</i> are aquatic or semi-aquatic, rhizomatous, herbaceous <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial plants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stace_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stace-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 925">: 925 </span></sup> The leaves are <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms#glabrous" title="Glossary of botanical terms">glabrous</a> (hairless), linear, alternate and mostly basal on a simple, jointless stem that bears the flowering spikes. The plants are <a href="/wiki/Monoecious" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoecious">monoecious</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Unisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Unisexual">unisexual</a> flowers that develop in dense <a href="/wiki/Raceme" title="Raceme">racemes</a>. The numerous male flowers form a narrow spike at the top of the vertical stem. Each male (staminate) flower is reduced to a pair of <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamens</a> and hairs, and withers once the <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a> is shed. Large numbers of tiny female flowers form a dense, <a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">sausage</a>-shaped spike on the stem below the male spike. In larger species this can be up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 1 to 4 centimetres (0.4 to 2 in) thick. The seeds are minute, 0.2 millimetres (0.008 in) long, and attached to fine hairs. When ripe, the heads disintegrate into a cottony fluff from which the seeds <a href="/wiki/Wind_dispersal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind dispersal">disperse by wind</a>. </p><p>Fruits of <i>Typha</i> have been found as long ago as 69 mya in modern Central Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_ecology">General ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%A4lvi%C3%A4.vaakuna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/K%C3%A4lvi%C3%A4.vaakuna.svg/170px-K%C3%A4lvi%C3%A4.vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/K%C3%A4lvi%C3%A4.vaakuna.svg/255px-K%C3%A4lvi%C3%A4.vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/K%C3%A4lvi%C3%A4.vaakuna.svg/340px-K%C3%A4lvi%C3%A4.vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption><i>Typhas</i> pictured in the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4lvi%C3%A4" title="Kälviä">Kälviä</a>, a former municipality located on the shores of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Typha</i> are often among the first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud, with their abundant wind-dispersed seeds. Buried seeds can survive in the soil for long periods of time.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They <a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">germinate</a> best with sunlight and fluctuating temperatures, which is typical of many wetland plants that regenerate on mud flats.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plants also spread by <a href="/wiki/Rhizomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhizomes">rhizomes</a>, forming large, interconnected stands. </p><p><i>Typha</i> are considered to be dominant competitors in wetlands in many areas, and they often exclude other plants with their dense canopy.<sup id="cite_ref-Keddy_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keddy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the bays of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, for example, they are among the most abundant wetland plants. Different species of cattails are adapted to different water depths.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Well-developed <a href="/wiki/Aerenchyma" title="Aerenchyma">aerenchyma</a> make the plants tolerant of submersion. Even the dead stalks are capable of transmitting oxygen to the rooting zone. </p><p>Although <i>Typha</i> are native wetland plants, they can be aggressive in their competition with other native species.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have been problematic in many regions in North America, from the Great Lakes to the <a href="/wiki/Everglades" title="Everglades">Everglades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Keddy_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keddy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Native sedges are displaced and wet meadows shrink, likely as a response to altered hydrology of the wetlands and increased nutrient levels. An <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced</a> or hybrid species may be contributing to the problem.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Control_(management)" title="Control (management)">Control</a> is difficult. The most successful strategy appears to be mowing or burning to remove the aerenchymous stalks, followed by prolonged flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may be more important to prevent invasion by preserving water level fluctuations, including periods of drought, and to maintain infertile conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Keddy_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keddy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Typha</i> are frequently eaten by wetland mammals such as <a href="/wiki/Muskrat" title="Muskrat">muskrats</a>, which also use them to construct feeding platforms and dens, thereby also providing nesting and resting places for waterfowl.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accepted_species_and_natural_hybrids">Accepted species and natural hybrids</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Accepted species and natural hybrids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following species and hybrids are currently accepted:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_albida" title="Typha albida">Typha albida</a></i> – (Afghanistan)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_alekseevii" title="Typha alekseevii">Typha alekseevii</a></i> – (<a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_angustifolia" title="Typha angustifolia">Typha angustifolia</a></i> – lesser bulrush, narrow leaf cattail (America), or <i>jambu</i> (India)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_%C3%97_argoviensis" title="Typha × argoviensis">Typha × argoviensis</a></i> – (Germany and Switzerland)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_austro-orientalis" title="Typha austro-orientalis">Typha austro-orientalis</a></i> – (European Russia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_azerbaijanensis" title="Typha azerbaijanensis">Typha azerbaijanensis</a></i> – (Iran)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_%C3%97_bavarica" title="Typha × bavarica">Typha × bavarica</a></i> – (Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_capensis" title="Typha capensis">Typha capensis</a></i> – (tropical and southern Africa)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_caspica" title="Typha caspica">Typha caspica</a></i> – (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_changbaiensis" title="Typha changbaiensis">Typha changbaiensis</a></i> – (northeastern China)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_davidiana" title="Typha davidiana">Typha davidiana</a></i> – (China)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_domingensis" title="Typha domingensis">Typha domingensis</a></i> – bulrush, southern cattail (America), narrow-leaved cumbungi<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Australia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_elephantina" title="Typha elephantina">Typha elephantina</a></i> – (from Algeria to southern China)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_%C3%97_gezei" title="Typha × gezei">Typha × gezei</a></i> – (France)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_%C3%97_glauca" title="Typha × glauca">Typha × glauca</a></i> (<i>T. angustifolia</i> × <i>T. latifolia</i>) – hybrid cattail, white cattail (a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">sterile hybrid</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_grossheimii" title="Typha grossheimii">Typha grossheimii</a></i> – (Central Asia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_incana" title="Typha incana">Typha incana</a></i> – (central Russia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_joannis" title="Typha joannis">Typha joannis</a></i> – (Mongolia, <a href="/wiki/Amur_Oblast" title="Amur Oblast">Amur Oblast</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_kalatensis" title="Typha kalatensis">Typha kalatensis</a></i> – (Iran)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_latifolia" title="Typha latifolia">Typha latifolia</a></i> – bulrush, common cattail – (very widespread)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_laxmannii" title="Typha laxmannii">Typha laxmannii</a></i> – Laxman's bulrush – (southern Europe and much of Asia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_lugdunensis" title="Typha lugdunensis">Typha lugdunensis</a></i> – (western Europe, southwest Asia, China)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_minima" title="Typha minima">Typha minima</a></i> – dwarf bulrush – (Europe, Asia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_orientalis" title="Typha orientalis">Typha orientalis</a></i> – (East Asia), raupō<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (New Zealand), broad-leaved cumbungi<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Australia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_pallida" class="mw-redirect" title="Typha pallida">Typha pallida</a></i> – (Central Asia, China)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_%C3%97_provincialis" title="Typha × provincialis">Typha × provincialis</a></i> – (France)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_przewalskii" title="Typha przewalskii">Typha przewalskii</a></i> – (China, Russian Far East)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_shuttleworthii" title="Typha shuttleworthii">Typha shuttleworthii</a></i> – (Europe, Iran, Turkey)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_sistanica" title="Typha sistanica">Typha sistanica</a></i> – (Iran)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_%C3%97_smirnovii" title="Typha × smirnovii">Typha × smirnovii</a></i> – (European Russia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_subulata" title="Typha subulata">Typha subulata</a></i> – (Argentina, Uruguay)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_%C3%97_suwensis" title="Typha × suwensis">Typha × suwensis</a></i> – (Japan)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_tichomirovii" title="Typha tichomirovii">Typha tichomirovii</a></i> – (European Russia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_turcomanica" title="Typha turcomanica">Typha turcomanica</a></i> – (<a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_tzvelevii" title="Typha tzvelevii">Typha tzvelevii</a></i> – (<a href="/wiki/Primorye" class="mw-redirect" title="Primorye">Primorye</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_valentinii" title="Typha valentinii">Typha valentinii</a></i> – (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_varsobica" title="Typha varsobica">Typha varsobica</a></i> – (<a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>)</li></ul></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typha-cattails-in-indiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Typha-cattails-in-indiana.jpg/170px-Typha-cattails-in-indiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Typha-cattails-in-indiana.jpg/255px-Typha-cattails-in-indiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Typha-cattails-in-indiana.jpg/340px-Typha-cattails-in-indiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption><i>Typha</i> at the edge of a small wetland in <a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Indiana" title="Marshall County, Indiana">Marshall County, Indiana</a>, United States</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typha_with-without_cotton_like_seeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Typha_with-without_cotton_like_seeds.jpg/170px-Typha_with-without_cotton_like_seeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Typha_with-without_cotton_like_seeds.jpg/255px-Typha_with-without_cotton_like_seeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Typha_with-without_cotton_like_seeds.jpg/340px-Typha_with-without_cotton_like_seeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2088" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption><i>Typha latifolia</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B2" class="extiw" title="ja:蒲">蒲</a></span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">gama</i></span>)</span>, in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. The seeds are embedded in fluff and are soon dispersed by the wind</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribnjak_Jegerseg_-_rogoz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ribnjak_Jegerseg_-_rogoz.jpg/170px-Ribnjak_Jegerseg_-_rogoz.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ribnjak_Jegerseg_-_rogoz.jpg/255px-Ribnjak_Jegerseg_-_rogoz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ribnjak_Jegerseg_-_rogoz.jpg/340px-Ribnjak_Jegerseg_-_rogoz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Typha_angustifolia" title="Typha angustifolia">Typha angustifolia</a></i> at the edge of a reservoir in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The most widespread species is <i>Typha latifolia</i>, which is distributed across the entire temperate northern hemisphere. It has also been introduced to Australia. <i>T. angustifolia</i> is nearly as widespread, but does not extend as far north; it may be introduced and <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. <i>T. domingensis</i> has a more southern <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">American</a> distribution, and it occurs in Australia. <i>T. orientalis</i> is widespread in Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. <i>T. laxmannii</i>, <i>T. minima</i>, and <i>T. shuttleworthii</i> are largely restricted to <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culinary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many parts of the <i>Typha</i> plant are edible to humans. Before the plant flowers, the tender inside of the <a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">shoots</a> can be squeezed out and eaten raw or cooked.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The starchy <a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">rhizomes</a> are nutritious with a protein content comparable to that of maize or rice.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can be processed into a <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a> with 266 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">kcal</a> per 100 grams,<sup id="cite_ref-Revedin_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Revedin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are most often harvested from late autumn to early spring. They are fibrous, and the starch must be scraped or sucked from the tough fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-nova_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nova-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baby shoots emerging from the rhizomes, which are sometimes subterranean, can be picked and eaten raw. Also underground is a <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrate</a> lump which can be peeled and eaten raw or cooked like a <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nyerges40_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nyerges40-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant is one championed by survival experts because various parts can be eaten throughout the year. Plants growing in polluted water can accumulate <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticide</a> residues in their rhizomes, and these should not be eaten.<sup id="cite_ref-nova_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nova-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rind of young stems can be peeled off, and the tender white heart inside can be eaten raw or boiled and eaten like <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">asparagus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This food has been popular among the <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a> in Russia, and has been called "Cossack asparagus".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaf bases can be eaten raw or cooked, especially in late spring when they are young and tender. In early summer the sheath can be removed from the developing green flower spike, which can then be boiled and eaten like <a href="/wiki/Corn_on_the_cob" title="Corn on the cob">corn on the cob</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-summer when the male flowers are mature, the <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a> can be collected and used as a flour supplement or thickener.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The seeds have a high <a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">linoleic acid</a> content and can be used to feed cattle and chickens.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can also be found in African countries like Ghana. </p><p>Harvesting cattail removes nutrients from the wetland that would otherwise return via the decomposition of decaying plant matter.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Floating mats of cattails remove nutrients from <a href="/wiki/Eutrophication" title="Eutrophication">eutrophied bodies of freshwater</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_material">Building material</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Building material"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For local native tribes around <a href="/wiki/Lake_Titicaca" title="Lake Titicaca">Lake Titicaca</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <i>Typha</i> were among the most important plants and every part of the plant had multiple uses. For example, they were used to construct <a href="/wiki/Raft" title="Raft">rafts</a> and other boats.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During World War II, the United States Navy used the down of <i>Typha</i> as a substitute for <a href="/wiki/Ceiba_pentandra" title="Ceiba pentandra">kapok</a> in <a href="/wiki/Personal_flotation_device" title="Personal flotation device">life vests</a> and aviation jackets. Tests showed that even after 100 hours of submersion, the buoyancy was still effective.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Typha</i> are used as <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">thermal insulation</a> in buildings<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an organic alternative to conventional insulating materials such as <a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">glass wool</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stone_wool" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone wool">stone wool</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paper">Paper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Paper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Typha</i> stems and leaves can be used to make <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>. It is strong with a heavy texture and it is hard to bleach, so it is not suitable for industrial production of graphical paper. In 1853, considerable amounts of cattail paper were produced in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, due to a shortage of raw materials.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, French scientists tested methods for annual harvesting of the leaves. Because of the high cost, these methods were abandoned and no further research was done.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today <i>Typha</i> is used to make decorative paper.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiber">Fiber</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fiber"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fibers up to 4 meters long can be obtained from the stems when they are treated mechanically or chemically with <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">sodium hydroxide</a>. The stem fibers resemble <a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">jute</a> and can be used to produce raw textiles. The leaf fibers can be used as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a> in clothing. The yield of leaf fiber is 30 to 40 percent and <i>Typha glauca</i> can produce 7 to 10 tons per hectare annually.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biofuel">Biofuel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Biofuel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Typha</i> can be used as a source of starch to produce <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>. Because of their high productivity in northern latitudes, <i>Typha</i> are considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Energy_crop" title="Energy crop">bioenergy crop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The seed hairs were used by some <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous peoples of the Americas</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2017)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> as <a href="/wiki/Tinder" title="Tinder">tinder</a> for starting fires. Some tribes also used <i>Typha</i> down to line <a href="/wiki/Moccasins" class="mw-redirect" title="Moccasins">moccasins</a>, and for bedding, diapers, baby powder, and <a href="/wiki/Cradleboard" title="Cradleboard">cradleboards</a>. One Native American word for <i>Typha</i> meant "fruit for papoose's bed".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>Typha</i> down is still used in some areas to stuff clothing items and pillows. <i>Typha</i> can be dipped in wax or fat and then lit as a candle, the stem serving as a wick. Without the use of wax or fat it will smolder slowly, somewhat like <a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a>, and may repel insects. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The flower stalks can be made into <a href="/wiki/Chopsticks" title="Chopsticks">chopsticks</a>. The leaves can be treated to weave into baskets, mats, or sandals.<sup id="cite_ref-Nyerges40_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nyerges40-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rushes are harvested and the leaves often dried for later use in chair seats. Re-wetted, the leaves are twisted and wrapped around the chair rungs to form a densely woven seat that is then stuffed (usually with the left over rush). </p><p>Small-scale experiments have indicated that <i>Typha</i> are able to remove <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> from drinking water.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boiled rootstocks have been used as a <a href="/wiki/Diuretic" title="Diuretic">diuretic</a> for increasing urination, or mashed to make a jelly-like paste for sores, boils, wounds, burns, scabs, and smallpox pustules.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cattail pollen is used as a banker source of food for predatory insects and mites (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Amblyseius_swirskii" class="mw-redirect" title="Amblyseius swirskii">Amblyseius swirskii</a></i>) in greenhouses.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cattail, or, as it is commonly referred to in the American Midwest, the sausage tail, has been the subject of multiple artist renditions, gaining popularity in the mid-twentieth century. The term, sausage tail, derives from the similarity that cattails have with sausages, a name given to the plant by the Midwest Polish community who had noticed a striking similarity between the plant and a common Polish dish, <a href="/wiki/Kielbasa" title="Kielbasa">kiełbasa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=270918">"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"</a>. <i>kew.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kew.org&rft.atitle=World+Checklist+of+Selected+Plant+Families%3A+Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.kew.org%2Fwcsp%2Fsynonomy.do%3Fname_id%3D270918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_MedicineHealth_and_Medicine_DivisionFood_and_Nutrition_BoardCommittee_to_Review_the_Dietary_Reference_Intakes_for_Sodium_and_Potassium2019" class="citation book cs1">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/"><i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i></a>. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509063633/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+National+Academies+Collection%3A+Reports+funded+by+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rft.au=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.au=Health+and+Medicine+Division&rft.au=Food+and+Nutrition+Board&rft.au=Committee+to+Review+the+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK538102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Streeter-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Streeter_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Streeter D, Hart-Davies C, Hardcastle A, Cole F, Harper L. 2009. <i>Collins Flower Guide</i>. Harper Collins <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-78-000718389-0" title="Special:BookSources/9-78-000718389-0">9-78-000718389-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clegg, J. (1986). <i>Observer's Book of Pond Life</i>. Frederick Warne, London. 460 p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNRCS" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">NRCS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/TYPHA">"<i>Typha</i>"</a>. <i>PLANTS Database</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PLANTS+Database&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3ETypha%3C%2Fi%3E&rft.au=NRCS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplants.sc.egov.usda.gov%2Fplant-profile%2FTYPHA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-State_of_Victoria-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-State_of_Victoria_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFState_of_Victoria_(Agriculture_Victoria)" class="citation web cs1">State of Victoria (Agriculture Victoria). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324200612/https://vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/sip_common_cumbungi">"Cumbungi"</a>. <i>Victorian Resources Online</i>. Agriculture Victoria. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/sip_common_cumbungi">the original</a> on 24 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Resources+Online&rft.atitle=Cumbungi&rft.au=State+of+Victoria+%28Agriculture+Victoria%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvro.agriculture.vic.gov.au%2Fdpi%2Fvro%2Fvrosite.nsf%2Fpages%2Fsip_common_cumbungi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Revedin-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Revedin_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Revedin_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRevedin2010" class="citation journal cs1">Revedin, A.; et al. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2973873">"Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing"</a>. <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</i>. <b>107</b> (44): 18815–18819. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PNAS..10718815R">2010PNAS..10718815R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1006993107">10.1073/pnas.1006993107</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2973873">2973873</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20956317">20956317</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A&rft.atitle=Thirty+thousand-year-old+evidence+of+plant+food+processing&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=44&rft.pages=18815-18819&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2973873%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20956317&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1006993107&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010PNAS..10718815R&rft.aulast=Revedin&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2973873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stace-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stace_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStace2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stace,_C._A." class="mw-redirect" title="Stace, C. A.">Stace, C. A.</a> (2010). <i>New Flora of the British Isles</i> (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521707725" title="Special:BookSources/9780521707725"><bdi>9780521707725</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Flora+of+the+British+Isles&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+U.K.&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780521707725&rft.aulast=Stace&rft.aufirst=C.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBremer2000" class="citation journal cs1">Bremer, Kåre (2000-04-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC18297">"Early Cretaceous lineages of monocot flowering plants"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>97</b> (9): 4707–4711. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PNAS...97.4707B">2000PNAS...97.4707B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.080421597">10.1073/pnas.080421597</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC18297">18297</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10759567">10759567</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Early+Cretaceous+lineages+of+monocot+flowering+plants&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=4707-4711&rft.date=2000-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC18297%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000PNAS...97.4707B&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10759567&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.080421597&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.aulast=Bremer&rft.aufirst=K%C3%A5re&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC18297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van der Valk, A. G., and Davis, C. B. (1976). The seed banks of prairie glacial marshes. <i>Canadian Journal of Botany</i> 54, 1832–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shipley, B., et al. (1989). Regeneration and establishment strategies of emergent macrophytes. <i>Journal of Ecology</i> 77, 1093–1110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keddy-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keddy_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keddy_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keddy_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeddy2010" class="citation book cs1">Keddy, P. A. (2010). <i>Wetland Ecology: Principals and Conservation</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 497. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51940-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51940-3"><bdi>978-0-521-51940-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wetland+Ecology%3A+Principals+and+Conservation&rft.pages=497&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-51940-3&rft.aulast=Keddy&rft.aufirst=P.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grace, J. B. and Wetzel, R. G. (1981). Habitat partitioning and competitive displacement in cattails (<i>Typha</i>): experimental field studies. <i>The American Naturalist</i> 118: 463–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oudhia, P. (1999). Allelopathic TEMPeffects of Typha angustata on germination and seedling vigour of winter maize and rice. <i>Agric. Sci. Digest</i> 19(4): 285-286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boers, A. M., et al. (2007). <i>Typha</i> × <i>glauca</i> dominance and extended hydroperiod constrain restoration of wetland diversity. <i>Ecological Engineering</i> 29, 232–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaminski, R. M., et al. (1985). Control of cattail and bulrush by cutting and flooding. In: <i>Coastal Wetlands</i>, eds. H. H. Prince and F. M. D’Itri, pp. 253–62. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=895">Global Invasive Species Database: "Uses"</a>- Retrieved 2017-03-20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do">"Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, genus <i>Typha</i>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kew+World+Checklist+of+Selected+Plant+Families%2C+genus+Typha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.kew.org%2Fwcsp%2Fqsearch.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs2020" class="citation web cs1">Briggs, B.G. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Typha%20domingensis">"Typha domingensis"</a>. <i>Flora of Australia</i>. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flora+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Typha+domingensis&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=B.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprofiles.ala.org.au%2Fopus%2Ffoa%2Fprofile%2FTypha%2520domingensis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelboSnow2004" class="citation journal cs1">Selbo, S. M.; Snow, A. A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~asnowlab/SelboSnowAqBot04.pdf">"The potential for hybridization between <i>Typha angustifolia</i> and <i>Typha latifolia</i> in a constructed wetland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Aquatic Botany</i>. <b>78</b> (4): 361–369. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AqBot..78..361S">2004AqBot..78..361S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aquabot.2004.01.003">10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.01.003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=The+potential+for+hybridization+between+Typha+angustifolia+and+Typha+latifolia+in+a+constructed+wetland&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=361-369&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aquabot.2004.01.003&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004AqBot..78..361S&rft.aulast=Selbo&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rft.au=Snow%2C+A.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biosci.ohio-state.edu%2F~asnowlab%2FSelboSnowAqBot04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/wetlands/page-4">"Wetlands - Reeds, rushes, sedges and low growers"</a>. <i>Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara+-+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Wetlands+-+Reeds%2C+rushes%2C+sedges+and+low+growers&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.TeAra.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fwetlands%2Fpage-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs2020" class="citation web cs1">Briggs, B.G. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Typha%20orientalis">"Typha orientalis"</a>. <i>Flora of Australia</i>. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flora+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Typha+orientalis&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=B.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprofiles.ala.org.au%2Fopus%2Ffoa%2Fprofile%2FTypha%2520orientalis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyerges2016" class="citation book cs1">Nyerges, Christopher (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RwDHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP38"><i>Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North America: More than 150 Delicious Recipes Using Nature's Edibles</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-1499-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-1499-6"><bdi>978-1-4930-1499-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foraging+Wild+Edible+Plants+of+North+America%3A+More+than+150+Delicious+Recipes+Using+Nature%27s+Edibles&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4930-1499-6&rft.aulast=Nyerges&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRwDHCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morton-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton1975" class="citation journal cs1">Morton, J. F. (January–March 1975). "Cattails (<i>Typha</i> spp.) – Weed Problem or Potential Crop?". <i>Economic Botany</i>. <b>29</b> (1): 7–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf02861252">10.1007/bf02861252</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20072085">20072085</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Botany&rft.atitle=Cattails+%28Typha+spp.%29+%E2%80%93+Weed+Problem+or+Potential+Crop%3F&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-29&rft.date=1975-01%2F1975-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf02861252&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A20072085%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=J.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nova-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nova_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nova_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGore2007" class="citation book cs1">Gore, A. B. (2007). <i>Environmental Research at the Leading Edge</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Nova_Science_Publishers,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Nova Science Publishers, Inc.">Nova Science Publishers, Inc.</a> p. 106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environmental+Research+at+the+Leading+Edge&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Nova+Science+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Gore&rft.aufirst=A.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nyerges40-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nyerges40_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nyerges40_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyerges2016" class="citation book cs1">Nyerges, Christopher (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RwDHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP40"><i>Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North America: More than 150 Delicious Recipes Using Nature's Edibles</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-1499-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-1499-6"><bdi>978-1-4930-1499-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foraging+Wild+Edible+Plants+of+North+America%3A+More+than+150+Delicious+Recipes+Using+Nature%27s+Edibles&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4930-1499-6&rft.aulast=Nyerges&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRwDHCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngier1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Angier" title="Bradford Angier">Angier, Bradford</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetoedib00angi/page/50/mode/2up"><i>Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants</i></a>. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8117-0616-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8117-0616-8"><bdi>0-8117-0616-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/799792">799792</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Field+Guide+to+Edible+Wild+Plants&rft.place=Harrisburg%2C+PA&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F799792&rft.isbn=0-8117-0616-8&rft.aulast=Angier&rft.aufirst=Bradford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffieldguidetoedib00angi%2Fpage%2F50%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh1959" class="citation journal cs1">Marsh, L. C. (1959). "The Cattail Story". <i>The Garden Journal</i>. <b>5</b>: 114–129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Garden+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Cattail+Story&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=114-129&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=L.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEliasDykeman2009" class="citation book cs1">Elias, T. S.; Dykeman, P. A. (2009) [1982]. <i>Edible Wild Plants</i>. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 69–70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-6715-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-6715-9"><bdi>978-1-4027-6715-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edible+Wild+Plants&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=69-70&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Co.%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-6715-9&rft.aulast=Elias&rft.aufirst=T.+S.&rft.au=Dykeman%2C+P.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tpo.tepapa.govt.nz/mainmenu_english.asp">Raupo or Bulrush (<i>Typha orientalis</i>).</a> Tai Awatea. Accessed 15 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReedMarsh,_L._C.1955" class="citation journal cs1">Reed, E.; Marsh, L. C. (1955). "The Cattail Potential". <i>Chemurgic Digest</i>. 3. <b>14</b>: 9, 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemurgic+Digest&rft.atitle=The+Cattail+Potential&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=9%2C+18&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Marsh%2C+L.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCicekLambertVenemaSnelgrove2006" class="citation journal cs1">Cicek, N.; Lambert, S.; Venema, H.D.; Snelgrove, K.R.; Bibeau, E.L.; Grosshans, R. (June 2006). "Nutrient removal and bio-energy production from Netley-Libau Marsh at Lake Winnipeg through annual biomass harvesting". <i>Biomass and Bioenergy</i>. <b>30</b> (6): 529–536. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006BmBe...30..529C">2006BmBe...30..529C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biombioe.2005.12.009">10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.12.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0961-9534">0961-9534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.atitle=Nutrient+removal+and+bio-energy+production+from+Netley-Libau+Marsh+at+Lake+Winnipeg+through+annual+biomass+harvesting&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=529-536&rft.date=2006-06&rft.issn=0961-9534&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.biombioe.2005.12.009&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006BmBe...30..529C&rft.aulast=Cicek&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Lambert%2C+S.&rft.au=Venema%2C+H.D.&rft.au=Snelgrove%2C+K.R.&rft.au=Bibeau%2C+E.L.&rft.au=Grosshans%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iisd.org/ela/blog/research-highlights/floating-bioplatforms/">"The Floating Bioplatforms of IISD-ELA"</a>. <i>IISD Experimental Lakes Area</i>. 2015-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IISD+Experimental+Lakes+Area&rft.atitle=The+Floating+Bioplatforms+of+IISD-ELA&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iisd.org%2Fela%2Fblog%2Fresearch-highlights%2Ffloating-bioplatforms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1999" class="citation book cs1">Miller, D. T. (1999). <i>Edible and Useful Plants of Texas and the Southwest, Including Recipes, Harmful Plants, Natural Dyes, and Textile Fibers: A Practical Guide</i>. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-78164-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-78164-1"><bdi>978-0-292-78164-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edible+and+Useful+Plants+of+Texas+and+the+Southwest%2C+Including+Recipes%2C+Harmful+Plants%2C+Natural+Dyes%2C+and+Textile+Fibers%3A+A+Practical+Guide&rft.place=Austin&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-292-78164-1&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDieyeSambouFayeThiam2017" class="citation journal cs1">Dieye, Younouss; Sambou, Vincent; Faye, Mactar; Thiam, Ababacar; Adj, Mamadou; Azilinon, Dorothe (2017-01-01). "Thermo-mechanical characterization of a building material based on Typha Australis". <i>Journal of Building Engineering</i>. <b>9</b>: 142–146. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jobe.2016.12.007">10.1016/j.jobe.2016.12.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2352-7102">2352-7102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Building+Engineering&rft.atitle=Thermo-mechanical+characterization+of+a+building+material+based+on+Typha+Australis&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=142-146&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jobe.2016.12.007&rft.issn=2352-7102&rft.aulast=Dieye&rft.aufirst=Younouss&rft.au=Sambou%2C+Vincent&rft.au=Faye%2C+Mactar&rft.au=Thiam%2C+Ababacar&rft.au=Adj%2C+Mamadou&rft.au=Azilinon%2C+Dorothe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Making Aquatic Weeds Useful: Some Perspectives for Developing Countries</i>. Ottawa: National Research Council.: Books for Business. 1976. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89499-180-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89499-180-6"><bdi>978-0-89499-180-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Aquatic+Weeds+Useful%3A+Some+Perspectives+for+Developing+Countries.&rft.place=Ottawa%3A+National+Research+Council.&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Books+for+Business&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-89499-180-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahanIslamChowdhuryMoeiz2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jahan, M. Sarwar; Islam, M. Khalidul; Chowdhury, D.A. Nasima; Moeiz, S.M. Iqbal; Arman, U. (October 2007). "Pulping and papermaking properties of pati (Typha)". <i>Industrial Crops and Products</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 259–264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.indcrop.2007.03.014">10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.03.014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+Crops+and+Products&rft.atitle=Pulping+and+papermaking+properties+of+pati+%28Typha%29&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=259-264&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.indcrop.2007.03.014&rft.aulast=Jahan&rft.aufirst=M.+Sarwar&rft.au=Islam%2C+M.+Khalidul&rft.au=Chowdhury%2C+D.A.+Nasima&rft.au=Moeiz%2C+S.M.+Iqbal&rft.au=Arman%2C+U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBidinZakariaBujangAbdul_Aziz2015" class="citation journal cs1">Bidin, Nordiah; Zakaria, Muta Harah; Bujang, Japar Sidik; Abdul Aziz, Nur Aznadia (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2015%2F165868">"Suitability of Aquatic Plant Fibers for Handmade Papermaking"</a>. <i>International Journal of Polymer Science</i>. <b>2015</b>: 1–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2015%2F165868">10.1155/2015/165868</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1687-9422">1687-9422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Polymer+Science&rft.atitle=Suitability+of+Aquatic+Plant+Fibers+for+Handmade+Papermaking&rft.volume=2015&rft.pages=1-9&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2F2015%2F165868&rft.issn=1687-9422&rft.aulast=Bidin&rft.aufirst=Nordiah&rft.au=Zakaria%2C+Muta+Harah&rft.au=Bujang%2C+Japar+Sidik&rft.au=Abdul+Aziz%2C+Nur+Aznadia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1155%252F2015%252F165868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubbeGarverPratt1988" class="citation journal cs1">Dubbe, D.R.; Garver, E.G.; Pratt, D.C. (1988). "Production of cattail (<i>Typha</i> spp.) biomass in Minnesota, USA". <i>Biomass</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 79–104. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0144-4565%2888%2990073-X">10.1016/0144-4565(88)90073-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomass&rft.atitle=Production+of+cattail+%28Typha+spp.%29+biomass+in+Minnesota%2C+USA&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=79-104&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0144-4565%2888%2990073-X&rft.aulast=Dubbe&rft.aufirst=D.R.&rft.au=Garver%2C+E.G.&rft.au=Pratt%2C+D.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, Jeremiah (April 2007). "Removing Arsenic Sustainably". <i>Civil Engineering</i>: 45–55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Civil+Engineering&rft.atitle=Removing+Arsenic+Sustainably&rft.pages=45-55&rft.date=2007-04&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Jeremiah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2006" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, Jeremiah (December 18–20, 2006). "Treatment of Arsenic Contaminated Water Using Aquatic Macrophytes". <i>An International Perspective on Environment and Water Resources</i>. American Society of Civil Engineers, Environment and Water Resources. New Delhi, India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=An+International+Perspective+on+Environment+and+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+Arsenic+Contaminated+Water+Using+Aquatic+Macrophytes&rft.pages=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.date=2006-12-18%2F2006-12-20&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Jeremiah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaiden1889" class="citation book cs1">Maiden, J. H. (1889). <i>Useful Native Plants of Australia (incl. Tasmania)</i>. Sydney: Technological Mus. New South Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Useful+Native+Plants+of+Australia+%28incl.+Tasmania%29&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Technological+Mus.+New+South+Wales&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Maiden&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeidi_Wollaeger2015" class="citation web cs1">Heidi Wollaeger (January 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/applying_pollen_over_a_crop_as_an_alternative_food_source_for_predatory_mit">"Applying pollen over a crop as an alternative food source for predatory mites"</a>. Michigan State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Applying+pollen+over+a+crop+as+an+alternative+food+source+for+predatory+mites&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.au=Heidi+Wollaeger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsue.anr.msu.edu%2Fnews%2Fapplying_pollen_over_a_crop_as_an_alternative_food_source_for_predatory_mit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typha&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Typha" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Typha">Typha</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/318/can-you-actually-eat-cattails">Can you actually eat cattails?</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Straight_Dope" title="The Straight Dope">The Straight Dope</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cereals_and_pseudocereals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cereals" title="Template:Cereals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cereals" title="Template talk:Cereals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cereals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cereals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cereals_and_pseudocereals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">Cereals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pseudocereal" title="Pseudocereal">pseudocereals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">Cereals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">Barley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonio" title="Fonio">Fonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job%27s_tears" title="Job's tears">Job's tears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize (Corn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">Millets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">Oats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">Sorghum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teff" title="Teff">Teff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triticale" title="Triticale">Triticale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_rice" title="Wild rice">Wild rice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wheat_(Triticum)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat <span class="nobold">(Triticum)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_wheat" title="Common wheat">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durum_wheat" title="Durum wheat">Durum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasan_wheat" title="Khorasan wheat">Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Fife_wheat" title="Red Fife wheat">Red Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norin_10_wheat" title="Norin 10 wheat">Norin 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_wheat" title="Winter wheat">Winter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farro" title="Farro">Farro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Einkorn" title="Einkorn">Einkorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmer" title="Emmer">Emmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">Spelt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudocereal" title="Pseudocereal">Pseudocereals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat" title="Buckwheat">Buckwheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagopyrum_tataricum" title="Fagopyrum tataricum">Tartary buckwheat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amaranth" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth">Amaranth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_caudatus" title="Amaranthus caudatus">A. caudatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_cruentus" title="Amaranthus cruentus">A. cruentus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_hypochondriacus" title="Amaranthus hypochondriacus">A. hypochondriacus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celosia" title="Celosia">Celosia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium_berlandieri" title="Chenopodium berlandieri">Pitseed goosefoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium_pallidicaule" title="Chenopodium pallidicaule">Cañihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium_formosanum" title="Chenopodium formosanum">Djulis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_hispanica" title="Salvia hispanica">Chia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emerging grain crops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_grass" title="Canary grass">Canary grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Drinn">Drinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_ricegrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian ricegrass">Indian ricegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_wheatgrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate wheatgrass">Intermediate wheatgrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangaroo grass">Kangaroo grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipa_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipa grass">Nipa grass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oryza_coarctata" title="Oryza coarctata">Oryza coarctata</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Triticeae" title="Triticeae">Triticeae</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abu_Hureyra" title="Tell Abu Hureyra">Tell Abu Hureyra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Aswad" title="Tell Aswad">Tell Aswad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">Genetic engineering</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Selective breeding</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crop_wild_relative" title="Crop wild relative">Crop wild relative</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Typha</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145707" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q145707">Q145707</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Typha" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Typha">Typha</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/195702">195702</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/105627">105627</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=100977">100977</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8W4H8">8W4H8</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/State_Herbarium_of_South_Australia" title="State Herbarium of South Australia">eFloraSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Typha">Typha</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/66364">66364</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1TYHG">1TYHG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/20922">20922</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=134063">134063</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Typha">Typha</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=134063">134063</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">FoIO: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flora.org.il/en/plants/TYPELE">TYPELE</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2702102">2702102</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=12513">12513</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/48686">48686</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/39601-1">39601-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1302023">1302023</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42324">42324</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0000464690">NHMSYS0000464690</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4732">4732</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/421a10af-aef0-4a44-8afa-ae498a1a70dc">421a10af-aef0-4a44-8afa-ae498a1a70dc</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=613197">613197</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=252000">252000</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/TYPHA">TYPHA</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30003823-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30003823-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40021155">40021155</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/1799">1799</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/0db0a449-7b40-4fce-a52c-52d1a5d5fa03">0db0a449-7b40-4fce-a52c-52d1a5d5fa03</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000039672">wfo-4000039672</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1415752">1415752</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145707#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4178364-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85139143">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Typha&oldid=1244056533">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Typha&oldid=1244056533</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Typha" title="Category:Typha">Typha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aquatic_plants" title="Category:Aquatic plants">Aquatic plants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inflorescence_vegetables" title="Category:Inflorescence vegetables">Inflorescence vegetables</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poales_genera" title="Category:Poales genera">Poales genera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Root_vegetables" title="Category:Root vegetables">Root vegetables</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cretaceous_plants" title="Category:Cretaceous plants">Cretaceous plants</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_nutritional_value_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox nutritional value with unknown parameters">Pages using infobox nutritional value with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_April_2017" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2017">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_30%E2%80%9334_taxon_IDs" title="Category:Taxonbars with 30–34 taxon IDs">Taxonbars with 30–34 taxon IDs</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 September 2024, at 20:24<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Typha&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-tpmks","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.262","walltime":"1.643","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8704,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":207095,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13286,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":35,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":159027,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":30,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1486.579 1 -total"," 21.08% 313.314 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.10% 298.775 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 13.98% 207.873 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox"," 11.33% 168.483 7 Template:Infobox"," 8.11% 120.545 9 Template:Cite_web"," 7.93% 117.942 1 Template:Nutritionalvalue"," 7.80% 115.992 6 Template:Navbox"," 7.07% 105.160 1 Template:Nihongo"," 6.80% 101.034 1 Template:Cereals"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.930","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18869672,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-fwjgt","timestamp":"20241129151838","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Typha","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Typha","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q145707","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q145707","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-02T13:41:22Z","dateModified":"2024-09-04T20:24:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/00\/Typha_latifolia.jpg","headline":"genus of plants"}</script> </body> </html>