CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.oecd.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e9a91ed9f62eb9d',cH: '3Xj5Siwig0URCJ3nqjOWVCiNhl5rLl7R7n0FGjQULvA-1732799131-1.2.1.1-WTo3.7Wu14mzXVsizUGyYVmYkf1wyyJE2QkepjlJ.RjllqKn1n36QaHj2D3KL0p3',cUPMDTk: "\/en\/topics\/trust-and-democracy.html?__cf_chl_tk=bPnyQrVXpsdgWoDyEqNSYyRLbfLIGfUgKaXew98fGGk-1732799131-1.0.1.1-ZejiZpYsg3kzOcEbgaPXpwxY.7U_erZ9Tas8tGxs6_g",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732799131',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/en\/topics\/trust-and-democracy.html?__cf_chl_f_tk=bPnyQrVXpsdgWoDyEqNSYyRLbfLIGfUgKaXew98fGGk-1732799131-1.0.1.1-ZejiZpYsg3kzOcEbgaPXpwxY.7U_erZ9Tas8tGxs6_g",md: "VxEyoavMLWzP5M5k44nJbKXsraEWZZgZjzk410DOn8Y-1732799131-1.2.1.1-LsJs.g21QztJgnfSa7n1.12k6xhoKw7Egtpw5kmlBAoXpAvqKA1T.tywmM0ZFLfnbTxqHyxO_pHhb9ebp1iZ4gbawJx24qa5VSuDQ2V7LP2a8Kh6gHQD6DxnwdO5pahWXo0shnf9gdT28h_J7dxMMpoQjj3TDAkNSWW6vzrno58awfw._uuNbSqhNRhbcawtCpKPzLM6xikgrBNa8x98tU94tbAYWRWYY1qH.ETbXV1TU.0bowZuo044U.yYGNJ_eb1AleUjkzpxaenI2VaO9ZdILJdv6RGZuL57fDAtEdEWS_cvclsxBxLVZwvsPtBKO135BoOcj2WetFcDjmLo3Y3szqMInbun7BnWUmiJ3xJnIUnz5X5g7p6maFuX8rKRrFO5tbn7DJf4354aSNbbNM75MihYafG0QGw2S2egTTghRgqf5CfUuoZEaeIzbU4E2lte9eC5W.SmD04gQ_0afUGyj9Ut9cNadnLhYNEbtbEwNb4QtRQugoeR05v1Mmqg.Yh6kDoLPWOIADuBcc5TqaLG8fD5Iz4z5K3B0zZZfj0QuTRfLGs1mksWmGsJCQm4htk2TIC4pZ.bnWBYN6RqlUlOjTpPQRh1HLPOZe37CXIOs54hGp53TL_diI1313HqjBVzRKv7npA.qP6I.3txeMfke4xcPJIFcZx4hYfBXNnkcYl0nhDKbBc.Xfcoiq7Y3fLmSK3FtXJ0WyFU3j7uMSY0N1tqBwjwphhP.sH74x8Aqc1XUzilDuOBx3j4WihMfuENLAhVeHO2HbtuyF8VKj6mLHaTPWn001uXd8xz_gicP46oAO9R8QVS9BvmYgJ9Dj0NU.rmo87P7YvKESrIOa6cdfAntkX7N1OaH5sXpaAmM0ZA5yiCDsqHbFfBjtZIhmp501TGIxNVURcVqOXHrOW6.Fn4VqumGDux_sQV938ri1MJQy7VNfNu66mC4wvo_l6ALyvofGtod_A3Vf9q3k0xsK2CBiGTxG6_fDF1Rm4OQmVIeSgV48FnonTq5uzDjmvXYP94k2YviNN6h05uxpHAScPKq4q7uj37imv36JZSKvapXYr4jvd9Y3eGqBw3UIM_MtAkV2yeTj4gQM6Z8LV3D8c4ms5TQWUmTpMHVtF9QEBep5JLqoFt40VJSRBHllj5f.GqmyhxUF1JWlYU6Oe4KRMsyeOK_XCs6JbnHJoSknRHays682uNmXh_kTEqMiSClOnZza4aU3GvGHcc5LlCERxrW1m.UTPgL0JvJHO6eQsjvjISWncPLJhwA2gVEt5z6XyT1o7okpQAc.ELqGbiCMXsdapwgXk5gKqb8EpXtXdrMLuLY.JDKq7af5nfFd5ZHWwpT29U8mEW6n.iVK71BeNIV.6MCCPnC9SaUeWvSCGTKrqzo5qPAETB.6G2wGZYt2Oyc5Lx6_8SNTMx5WJUGedgt91U15MmHmyJfcBs5PIOft1TUGk4EG7v_540zgrsUNZDw._4Qgv3rKWU10O710bzBXABnVzpLkmq1JYZeneabJONg.dLKpORyZBVSm_d6cn8R9Ra5WwreRZoP3QGVTkisI3u8BdQbZ66H8jVvr8KTDb0FSDNXn7LCtLe_OiQfuJY2OZwIbzX_lJFQF3w.pt5aWBrTcrExo41_Otfr8xjDfjzoyldrMNBIpM2smRDfpM6EoWklJOIVXVnTvrrRsgs_9ESA7Ue9LrU6j389KA_jBUNgBClUp9njMRL.RJcDyb3Rr2Kc.Yy7X7CUe8W_wzXKhyyHVLS6NB0njnQ_U_RsZWEuneprFZm7i9ImyA3PMYS37cvWc.pJZ6n0sMpAAY26mrOKePdAmag0ZcfqLlYy3bs4Xw5hlkixqRHKtrsSpwQwXiR2MoKFRd9jKmt5KMSAQI5P8LMZoDbhYOadvyBHKVsxYI8HDeI9.2oVAiI20sXsCFZXHXI7Hcn1ZzIY98TWWJ9mOk1wrsCUr0Is2Y7RC7SurMetLCVswokLjd8eAPU0VRgksz9tBtq12XtZWi83t5u5IMbxhstI5JSjRhedSfuf9dq2RQ4R1WaULSoFHktj7BLeGdFx38kwpM0LhcNJc7s2W.XzYBACGDBSS4IKz5TSQut_v7brqfyxb.uhMXG2gcHPjCNke4fs_CxWujXg4L5Lp7T7NKig58ynnLahs71K5S4ld2N7fq0hI5hqBsYkKGJV.QHHHpBCtOFfWsBNqoh.em4tiKXXeKyc6W6u73RMsm2nhaTXdvXtYrP5J3rfackxXfmx9f7Ygnegd4qNL6zFGduAJHu6LH_al5FZ98OAHupf4jUIj2NyeODQ4PJ1qqEQBCyuB..o8Q_b8YV6Em.Gz6rPu7EJkqKfsNl1zhtnFTWVvoQpybVvNlm74GTrVDoeX.NFayh77xGo.rtvy1fk.3ttRGEp_Eb.utHEVvocA.bp6_SAzkARVbLgUpepj0dLpm83JY.PG37.tfEnAY8rJ423CWSsaWJkzVDFxekUY1olCsWrOfgvkOmzWwgO40YIS4Mlaeu81.3kqfOiE4XPI1OGE4.85mrk4NRmWPgkdvB_UOk1uy9Uuh5octbjBichlxSrvlpLAiCL5tvyXa3F03KyVwaHGbwoADw1goReP1UUoy_PiwMLhsJM5HYa8YC86KKDOMHdZ8x5QRZJi.jiHJhvIwnZyDJ0.mlwcFrnmH1JWLKergbwsACY6CYR2N3h.P.NaG2eX1mQBaToi3YIEojlbn0tcfZsZcvCXkA8G7SkpBNt41nKTLhwewKqA4boUa5Ooh8EiGw4VOY3SZPT52Hbvt_ZZ2cE6fSGtuBvpavSZ8RzN0.Foi.A__uDW0ptjF.xWTwsVwPJScWmYhzVKgXrihrhcEQ0myAat8QX1fM4In3GJt.xdkgr_06jSG2LamKSd.eC6y9upDEI3QBXg7nrBr7r99SGFyOHmKhseOJ8q.mTF6A9CV1aHNN_ynHWd8Ceg816g",mdrd: "nhvIVVhsQA42ABi.ygE4csjR4QJ2fXC0hsAAMUeowcw-1732799131-1.2.1.1-mMfAdU5SgBIAUgwmbAQ9rk881SpqBK50x738WltAtT34zxgebcaGqkG1ZLnpJEOlIyMjTfAgBZwc31O4yA4UR.gkB.hN8fYHqZSWpBOJyMr7hkrlImb0ZrAWHRcYiBEQMXrPIKja1f0VzpXoNbY7tigbw0hEu5ie6Ql9qVVRwZh9Fd4a3gKgwSxIwZoVQIPf.FtUSJ1.KfLm2dvVUAozMwVa_9CeS6oO7Dv9VsvJodFEOcuzXJQtIvzcWgDoAKEeCbaWScj0A25t8f0h1QF19MCN59YQkMPgTC7jFGIyaTDzKpUH2_E35fqjcudB3RTX5DX0zbG0K0OoPww.7m3W2mGVS.OPrGoHBhJ6RgynL4oaQS1cOqhJ84DcwRFKG_ku4T5KjfVT4u6yLI9EqlOSp27njYDTlTmzT0zUSr_MS10Gw738NClZA6IprLwc_zhZQw557tcyCRHQP36LDvF7XvpfHdFzWCh2zb.F.FZ2VwCleOMcjMGGW9jooy92BUlqLBn5aOGiGX74ekgBRLJ_BzdoRHiU1WeAuoHHeL3.j1Rkng5iU6F5ryaXvvQmY1EzHeffpBp7w4OXecgWCZA9tDCN8NC29ss.j1Ni6.d10vtFQR5MJu8ERUJ8LZjH891MUDdKzNo6bEK60rmSz01wCD4o0K8jXk4xkZ2RI1nV6MO1GKoMpGrOq_PX6MRg8S6.NiI.oxEh41gN5qU09pbbct5W2kit7U7Efx4ydyQcNfnPWWwavsJxA289U_b_SsgkgR32wC21.8s3cu.NHdY4wTVducIzqrHfM0Q3r9u52DN93BRZjWuv9.yxDRFYyMth8O2XnKCOfCmaCv3.n2XFJFDSinTYa_iNBZmHH1bR6SLylqj1gt9wymeZhHmQRxIyHs2UklU1E4v65_kAV619tnsTvhg4zmh1cs02RQ5DJpTaJmSJP4kSrxcmGkQdADrERMQIcd3CS6zisZSbscGdBb5t3I_Tq9Occdz5OC5q3qp0YMviN_7FzBr8c_VIG9lDZo.V4eMbJ_N7ZqnVZ7Q85Ser963uWKpe_qf7iydiQTHAl5sYURBULSFW7XTNEkgexoYBvviPqBWKM0qoFhcGiqyrpRzE4_m_XOuwAOUyB9Sd4UBzug8jpG1YAi4KswZOYd8tIgyIW2DHZsIqMaRWU7CiOEjnSV5HZxTwwpA2b0CWsUJzRgyahr22XLpypHGgn9diC.W197RRJ0Rjbu811mMfMqiwy0oPEx9O2.svq_6NmaP9P27TFmQmEcaMl9BoYXy7mQa3d1bDiaWDAe4NQ1XBqEqciUEozVCVK4FY0l0jERXUTp8TehFt2ev6zEQV.u2vK9EGWyS64DzQJlt1cwUuLdyXAkDusinhLYO9ntfRArAHmPMOkNbdADWU1ez9XtxCgAUhmLwtls4RBXL_8Ii4AjM4o0QfDOl4m8bcuowX5qBuOgkN0lvpLjaz3WTBWuOVjE6RGx9.YPDHjesW.mRi1PPSP6OXS1iceLziF2CUkFU.VO_kWnFlcIigWAh9bW.44dLMCtTEkIvolGRbUYMqgnvPcKhWhAQYzNdxhFpBpMsnXP1NnP9PGGFS9KaE.wCaF0BSVnCRaQZkERpfbP4v68shaUHeC2RzFgUW4jxJPAfnwffKFLGZwNDdtr3szYNEV3nAPQtUlRk4wsjAtmO9uQf95CIbzj8TUzUhE2qRSBc340.FWeuKe7sru2hvRFFqgPLBB1VtZ9W6gp.X_WTMyBsKRNpiNZCT_H95oTz59DfyY91vjOBhyTk94kSBXlVLpXDM0.rX_TBCcIYSqmS.h3qwDv8zmKYi2_VQFCTtOd85aEyOSRTgTLUfhoXAr75Uzs1jnGZLQRuBlcqJHyqADIxaC7McV5O6ntSiBmfMEPGu3CsqgNn.myn7nK8oHi4NfQH7b4mc1g5Xy749DA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e9a91ed9f62eb9d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/en\/topics\/trust-and-democracy.html?__cf_chl_rt_tk=bPnyQrVXpsdgWoDyEqNSYyRLbfLIGfUgKaXew98fGGk-1732799131-1.0.1.1-ZejiZpYsg3kzOcEbgaPXpwxY.7U_erZ9Tas8tGxs6_g" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>