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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Name </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose_and_strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose_and_strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Purpose and strategy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Purpose_and_strategy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Purpose and strategy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Purpose_and_strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Ideology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_eschatology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_eschatology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Islamic eschatology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_eschatology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Goals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Strategy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Organisation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organisation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leadership_and_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_and_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Leadership and governance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership_and_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilians_in_Islamic_State-controlled_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilians_in_Islamic_State-controlled_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Civilians in Islamic State-controlled areas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilians_in_Islamic_State-controlled_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Number_of_combatants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_combatants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Number of combatants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_combatants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conventional_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conventional_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Conventional weapons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conventional_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-conventional_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-conventional_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 Non-conventional weapons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-conventional_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Women </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Communications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Finances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monetary_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monetary_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.1 Monetary system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monetary_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.2 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_control_and_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_control_and_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Territorial control and claims </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_control_and_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 International reaction </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_reaction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International reaction subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_reaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 International criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Islamic criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religious_leaders_and_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_leaders_and_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Religious leaders and organisations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_leaders_and_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_jihadist_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_jihadist_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Other jihadist groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_jihadist_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_commentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_commentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Other commentaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_commentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Designation_as_a_terrorist_organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Designation_as_a_terrorist_organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.1 Designation as a terrorist organisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Designation_as_a_terrorist_organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militia,_cult,_territorial_authority,_and_other_classifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militia,_cult,_territorial_authority,_and_other_classifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.2 Militia, cult, territorial authority, and other classifications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militia,_cult,_territorial_authority,_and_other_classifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supporters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supporters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Supporters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supporters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countries_and_groups_at_war_with_IS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countries_and_groups_at_war_with_IS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Countries and groups at war with IS </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Countries_and_groups_at_war_with_IS-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Countries and groups at war with IS subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Countries_and_groups_at_war_with_IS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Global_Coalition_to_Counter_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_Coalition_to_Counter_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Global Coalition to Counter the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_Coalition_to_Counter_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_state_opponents_not_part_of_the_Counter-ISIL_Coalition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_state_opponents_not_part_of_the_Counter-ISIL_Coalition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.1 Other state opponents not part of the Counter-ISIL Coalition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_state_opponents_not_part_of_the_Counter-ISIL_Coalition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_non-state_opponents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_non-state_opponents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2 Other non-state opponents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_non-state_opponents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Al-Qaeda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al-Qaeda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.3 Al-Qaeda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al-Qaeda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights_abuse_and_war_crime_findings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights_abuse_and_war_crime_findings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Human rights abuse and war crime findings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights_abuse_and_war_crime_findings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 General and cited references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Islamic State</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 134 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" > 134 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamitiese_Staat" title="Islamitiese Staat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Islamitiese Staat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamischer_Staat_(Terrororganisation)" title="Islamischer Staat (Terrororganisation) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Islamischer Staat (Terrororganisation)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8B%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%8A%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A5%E1%89%B5" title="እስላማዊው መንግሥት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እስላማዊው መንግሥት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4)" title="تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية (داعش) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية (داعش)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estau_Islamico" title="Estau Islamico – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estau Islamico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%27%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%B1_%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ইছলামিক ষ্টে'ট অৱ ইৰাক এণ্ড দ্য লেভাণ্ট – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইছলামিক ষ্টে'ট অৱ ইৰাক এণ্ড দ্য লেভাণ্ট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1u_Isl%C3%A1micu" title="Estáu Islámicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estáu Islámicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8A" title="Исламияб Пачалихъ – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Исламияб Пачалихъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9E%C4%B0D" title="İŞİD – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İŞİD" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIS" title="ISIS – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="ISIS" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="ইসলামিক স্টেট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইসলামিক স্টেট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Kok_(cho%CD%98-chit)" title="Islam Kok (cho͘-chit) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Islam Kok (cho͘-chit)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісламская дзяржава – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ісламская дзяржава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісламская дзяржава – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ісламская дзяржава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadong_Islamiko" title="Estadong Islamiko – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Estadong Islamiko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ислямска държава – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ислямска държава" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamska_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Islamska Država – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Islamska Država" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad_Islamek" title="Stad Islamek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stad Islamek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_Isl%C3%A0mic" title="Estat Islàmic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat Islàmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A1msk%C3%BD_st%C3%A1t" title="Islámský stát – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Islámský stát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwladwriaeth_Islamaidd" title="Gwladwriaeth Islamaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwladwriaeth Islamaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisk_Stat" title="Islamisk Stat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Islamisk Stat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamischer_Staat_(Terrororganisation)" title="Islamischer Staat (Terrororganisation) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Islamischer Staat (Terrororganisation)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraagi_ja_Levandi_Islamiriik" title="Iraagi ja Levandi Islamiriik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iraagi ja Levandi Islamiriik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ισλαμικό Κράτος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισλαμικό Κράτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Isl%C3%A1mico" title="Estado Islámico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado Islámico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islama_%C5%9Ctato" title="Islama Ŝtato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Islama Ŝtato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatu_Islamikoa" title="Estatu Islamikoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatu Islamikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamiskur_Statur" title="Islamiskur Statur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Islamiskur Statur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_islamique_(organisation)" title="État islamique (organisation) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État islamique (organisation)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamityske_Steat" title="Islamityske Steat – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Islamityske Steat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_St%C3%A1t_Ioslamach" title="An Stát Ioslamach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Stát Ioslamach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Isl%C3%A1mico" title="Estado Islámico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estado Islámico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AE-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82-l%C3%A0n-koet_(ch%C3%BB-ch%E1%B9%B3t)" title="Yî-sṳ̂-làn-koet (chû-chṳt) – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yî-sṳ̂-làn-koet (chû-chṳt)" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%81%AC_%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%98%ED%8A%B8_%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80" title="이라크 레반트 이슬람 국가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이라크 레반트 이슬람 국가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daular_Musulunci_ta_Ira%C6%99i" title="Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB_%D6%87_%D4%BC%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Իրաքի և Լևանտի իսլամական պետություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրաքի և Լևանտի իսլամական պետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8" title="आईएसआईएस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आईएसआईएस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamska_dr%C5%BEava" title="Islamska država – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Islamska država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamala_Stato" title="Islamala Stato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Islamala Stato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Islamic State" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A6%D0%BC%C3%A6_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ирак æмæ Леванты Пысылмон паддзахад – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ирак æмæ Леванты Пысылмон паддзахад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslamska_r%C3%ADki%C3%B0" title="Íslamska ríkið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íslamska ríkið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_Islamico_(organizzazione)" title="Stato Islamico (organizzazione) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stato Islamico (organizzazione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="המדינה האסלאמית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המדינה האסלאמית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagara_Islam_Irak_lan_Syam" title="Nagara Islam Irak lan Syam – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nagara Islam Irak lan Syam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಸ್ಲಾಮಿಕ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಸ್ಲಾಮಿಕ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ისლამური სახელმწიფო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისლამური სახელმწიფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Ирак және Шам Ислам мемлекеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ирак және Шам Ислам мемлекеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daish" title="Daish – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Daish" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewleta_%C3%8Eslam%C3%AE_ya_Iraq_%C3%BB_%C5%9Eam%C3%AA" title="Dewleta Îslamî ya Iraq û Şamê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dewleta Îslamî ya Iraq û Şamê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%8C" title="ລັດອິດສະລາມອີຣັກແລະເຣເວນທ໌ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລັດອິດສະລາມອີຣັກແລະເຣເວນທ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitas_Islamica_(regimen)" title="Civitas Islamica (regimen) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Civitas Islamica (regimen)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C4%81ma_valsts" title="Islāma valsts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Islāma valsts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamesche_Staat" title="Islamesche Staat – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Islamesche Staat" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamo_valstyb%C4%97" title="Islamo valstybė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Islamo valstybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamitische_Staot" title="Islamitische Staot – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Islamitische Staot" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_Islamiste_de_Irac_e_la_Levante" title="Stato Islamiste de Irac e la Levante – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Stato Islamiste de Irac e la Levante" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/musyjda_gugde_be_raksygu%27e" title="musyjda gugde be raksygu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="musyjda gugde be raksygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iszl%C3%A1m_%C3%81llam" title="Iszlám Állam – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iszlám Állam" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8" title="आईएसआईएस – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आईएसआईएस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Исламска Држава – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Исламска Држава" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇസ്‌ലാമിക്ക് സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ഓഫ് ഇറാഖ് ആൻഡ് ലെവാന്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇസ്‌ലാമിക്ക് സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ഓഫ് ഇറാഖ് ആൻഡ് ലെവാന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_I%C5%BClamiku" title="Stat Iżlamiku – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Stat Iżlamiku" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="इस्लामिक स्टेट्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इस्लामिक स्टेट्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AC%E1%83%B7%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ისლამური სახენწჷფო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ისლამური სახენწჷფო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4)" title="تنظيم الدوله الاسلاميه (داعش) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تنظيم الدوله الاسلاميه (داعش)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="اسلامی دولت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسلامی دولت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_Islam_Iraq_dan_Syam" title="Negara Islam Iraq dan Syam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negara Islam Iraq dan Syam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagari_Islam_Irak_jo_Syam" title="Nagari Islam Irak jo Syam – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Nagari Islam Irak jo Syam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AC-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-l%C3%A0ng-gu%C3%B3k_(c%C5%AB-c%C3%A9k)" title="Ĭ-sṳ̆-làng-guók (cū-cék) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭ-sṳ̆-làng-guók (cū-cék)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Исламын Улс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Исламын Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%A1%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA)" title="အစ္စလာမ္မစ်နိုင်ငံအဖွဲ့ (အိုင်အက်စ်) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစ္စလာမ္မစ်နိုင်ငံအဖွဲ့ (အိုင်အက်စ်)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamitische_Staat_(in_Irak_en_de_Levant)" title="Islamitische Staat (in Irak en de Levant) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Islamitische Staat (in Irak en de Levant)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="इस्लामी राज्य – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इस्लामी राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIL" title="ISIL – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ISIL" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%85" title="Исламан пачхьалкх – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Исламан пачхьалкх" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_islamske_staten_Irak_og_Levanten" title="Den islamske staten Irak og Levanten – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den islamske staten Irak og Levanten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_islamske_staten" title="Den islamske staten – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den islamske staten" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_Islamic" title="Estat Islamic – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estat Islamic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroq_va_Shom_Islom_Davlati" title="Iroq va Shom Islom Davlati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iroq va Shom Islom Davlati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਇਰਾਕ ਅਤੇ ਅਲ ਸ਼ਾਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਸਲਾਮੀ ਰਾਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਰਾਕ ਅਤੇ ਅਲ ਸ਼ਾਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਸਲਾਮੀ ਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="اسلامي دولت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اسلامي دولت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="រដ្ឋឥស្លាមអ៊ីរ៉ាក់និងឡេវ៉ាន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រដ្ឋឥស្លាមអ៊ីរ៉ាក់និងឡេវ៉ាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo_Islamskie" title="Państwo Islamskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Państwo Islamskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Isl%C3%A2mico_do_Iraque_e_do_Levante" title="Estado Islâmico do Iraque e do Levante – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estado Islâmico do Iraque e do Levante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statul_Islamic" title="Statul Islamic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Statul Islamic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Исламское государство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Исламское государство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ислам дойдута – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ислам дойдута" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istadu_Islamicu" title="Istadu Islamicu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istadu Islamicu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_o_Iraq_an_the_Levant" title="Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daeshi" title="Daeshi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Daeshi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statu_islamicu" title="Statu islamicu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Statu islamicu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="ඉස්ලාමීය රාජ්‍යය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉස්ලාමීය රාජ්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamsk%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t_(militantn%C3%A1_organiz%C3%A1cia)" title="Islamský štát (militantná organizácia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Islamský štát (militantná organizácia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamska_dr%C5%BEava" title="Islamska država – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Islamska država" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamske_Pa%C5%84stwo" title="Islamske Państwo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Islamske Państwo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4)" title="دەوڵەتی ئیسلامی (داعش) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەوڵەتی ئیسلامی (داعش)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Исламска држава – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исламска држава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamska_Dr%C5%BEava_Irak_i_Levant" title="Islamska Država Irak i Levant – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Islamska Država Irak i Levant" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagara_Islam_Irak_jeung_Syam" title="Nagara Islam Irak jeung Syam – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nagara Islam Irak jeung Syam" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isis_(j%C3%A4rjest%C3%B6)" title="Isis (järjestö) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Isis (järjestö)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamiska_staten" title="Islamiska staten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Islamiska staten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamikong_Estado" title="Islamikong Estado – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Islamikong Estado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="இசுலாமிய அரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுலாமிய அரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Eiraq_h%C3%A4m_%C5%9Eam_%C4%B0slam_d%C3%A4wl%C3%A4te" title="Ğiraq häm Şam İslam däwläte – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ğiraq häm Şam İslam däwläte" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇస్లామిక్ స్టేట్ ఇన్ ఇరాక్ అండ్ ది లెవంట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇస్లామిక్ స్టేట్ ఇన్ ఇరాక్ అండ్ ది లెవంట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="รัฐอิสลาม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐอิสลาม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamac_Ad%C9%9B%CC%88%C9%9B%CC%88r" title="Pamac Adɛ̈ɛ̈r – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Pamac Adɛ̈ɛ̈r" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%9B%D1%83_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Давлати исломии Ироқу Шом – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Давлати исломии Ироқу Шом" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak_ve_%C5%9Eam_%C4%B0slam_Devleti" title="Irak ve Şam İslam Devleti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Irak ve Şam İslam Devleti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yrak_we_%C5%9Eam_Yslam_D%C3%B6wleti" title="Yrak we Şam Yslam Döwleti – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Yrak we Şam Yslam Döwleti" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%B1tet_Kpaa%CC%B1pyia%CC%B1" title="Si̱tet Kpaa̱pyia̱ – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Si̱tet Kpaa̱pyia̱" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісламська Держава – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісламська Держава" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%DB%8B%DB%95_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="ئىراق ۋە شام ئىسلام دۆلىتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىراق ۋە شام ئىسلام دۆلىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yihswhlanzgoz" title="Yihswhlanzgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yihswhlanzgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_H%E1%BB%93i_gi%C3%A1o_Iraq_v%C3%A0_Levant" title="Nhà nước Hồi giáo Iraq và Levant – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà nước Hồi giáo Iraq và Levant" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tat_slamik" title="Tat slamik – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tat slamik" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayech" title="Dayech – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Dayech" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E4%BC%8A%E6%B2%99" title="達伊沙 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="達伊沙" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="伊斯兰国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊斯兰国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%90%8C%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="伊拉克同黎凡特伊斯蘭國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊拉克同黎凡特伊斯蘭國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewleta_%C4%B0slami_(organizasyon)" title="Dewleta İslami (organizasyon) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dewleta İslami (organizasyon)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamitische_Staete" title="Islamitische Staete – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Islamitische Staete" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="伊斯兰国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊斯兰国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2429253#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the modern Salafi jihadist organisation. For the concept of a state based on Islamic law, see <a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Islamic_state_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Islamic state (disambiguation)">Islamic state (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/ISIL_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="ISIL (disambiguation)">ISIL (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Isis (disambiguation)">Isis (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daesh_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Daesh (disambiguation)">Daesh (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Daish_(surname)" title="Daish (surname)">Daish (surname)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;">Islamic State</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">الدولة الإسلامية ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/200px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/300px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/400px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_flag" title="Jihadist flag">Flag</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also known as</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">ISIS, ISIL, IS, Daesh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leaders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li>Spokesman: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hudhayfah_Al-Ansari" title="Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari">Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari</a></li> <li>Former leaders: <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters_new_chief-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-Kourdi-death-CNN-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li>Deputy leader in Iraq: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Fatima_al-Jaheishi" title="Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi">Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi</a><a href="#cite_note-Al-Tamimi's_Blog-8">[8]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>]</li> <li>Deputy leader in Syria: <a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Agal" title="Maher al-Agal">Maher al-Agal</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li> <li>Deputy leader in Libya: <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qader_al-Najdi" title="Abdul Qader al-Najdi">Abdul Qader al-Najdi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li>Military chief: Abu Saleh al-Obaidi<a href="#cite_note-Al-Tamimi's_Blog-8">[8]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>]</li> <li>Head of the Shura Council: Abu Arkan al-Ameri<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li> <li>Chief of Syrian military operations: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-brookings2014-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li>Minister of War: <a href="/wiki/Gulmurod_Khalimov" title="Gulmurod Khalimov">Gulmurod Khalimov</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li>Minister of Finance: Sami Jasim Muhammad al-Jaburi (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li>Minister of Information: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Furqan" title="Abu Muhammad al-Furqan">Abu Muhammad al-Furqan</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li> <li>Former spokesmen: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-Chulov310816-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-brookings2014-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abul-Hasan_al-Muhajir" title="Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir">Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Muhajir" title="Abu Omar al-Muhajir">Abu Omar al-Muhajir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<a href="#cite_note-reuters_new_chief-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates of operation</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>1999–present</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1999: Established under the name of <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">October 2004: Joined <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">al-Qaeda</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">13 October 2006: Declaration of an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Iraq">Islamic State in Iraq</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">8 April 2013: Renamed to "ISIL" and claim of territory in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">3 February 2014: Separated from <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a><a href="#cite_note-ReutersHolmes_030214-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">29 June 2014: Declaration of <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">13 November 2014: Claim of territory in Libya, Egypt, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">29 January 2015: Claim of territory in South Asia<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">12 March 2015: Claim of territory in Nigeria<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">23 June 2015: Claim of territory in North Caucasus<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">20 July 2017: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–17)">Recapture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> by Iraqi forces</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">17 October 2017: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Capture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> by SDF forces</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">23 March 2019: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Loses</a> all of its territory in Syria</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">27 October 2019: <a href="/wiki/Barisha_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Barisha raid">Killing</a> of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">3 February 2022: Killing of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a><a href="#cite_note-Qurayshi-snitched-30">[30]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Group(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Groups</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="577" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province" title="Islamic State – Algeria Province">Algerian Province</a> (until 2016)<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="398" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province" title="Islamic State – Bengal Province">Bengal Province</a> (until 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="390" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" title="Islamic State – Caucasus Province">Caucasus Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="373" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – Central Africa Province">Central Africa Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khurasan_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khurasan_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khurasan_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khurasan_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khurasan_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khurasan_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khurasan_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="385" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-ul-Ahrar" title="Jamaat-ul-Ahrar">Jamaat-ul-Ahrar</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Jundallah_(Pakistan)" title="Jundallah (Pakistan)">Jundallah (Pakistan)</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Dadullah_Front" title="Mullah Dadullah Front">Mullah Dadullah Front</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="377" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province" title="Islamic State – Libya Province">Libyan Province</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Pakistan_Province" title="Islamic State – Pakistan Province">Pakistan Province</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahel_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahel_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahel_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahel_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahel_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahel_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahel_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="378" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State – Sahil Province">Sahil Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Somalia_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Somalia_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Somalia_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Somalia_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Somalia_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Somalia_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Somalia_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="382" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Somalia_Province" title="Islamic State – Somalia Province">Somalia Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="371" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – West Africa Province">West Africa Province</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a> (until 2016)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="383" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province" title="Islamic State – Yemen Province">Yemen Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_-_East_Asia_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Islamic_State_-_East_Asia_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_-_East_Asia_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Islamic_State_-_East_Asia_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_-_East_Asia_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Islamic_State_-_East_Asia_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_-_East_Asia_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="369" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">East Asia Province</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Khalifa_Philippines" title="Ansar Khalifa Philippines">Ansar Khalifa Philippines</a> (until 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Eastern_Indonesian_Mujahideen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Coat_of_Arms_of_Eastern_Indonesian_Mujahideen.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Eastern_Indonesian_Mujahideen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Coat_of_Arms_of_Eastern_Indonesian_Mujahideen.svg/30px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Eastern_Indonesian_Mujahideen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Coat_of_Arms_of_Eastern_Indonesian_Mujahideen.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Eastern_Indonesian_Mujahideen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1250" /></a> <a href="/wiki/East_Indonesia_Mujahideen" title="East Indonesia Mujahideen">East Indonesia Mujahideen</a> (until 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Katibah_Nusantara" title="Katibah Nusantara">Katibah Nusantara</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> Sham Province <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Jaysh_Khalid_ibn_al-Waleed_emblem_V_transparent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jaysh_Khalid_ibn_al-Waleed_emblem_V_transparent.svg/20px-Jaysh_Khalid_ibn_al-Waleed_emblem_V_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jaysh_Khalid_ibn_al-Waleed_emblem_V_transparent.svg/30px-Jaysh_Khalid_ibn_al-Waleed_emblem_V_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jaysh_Khalid_ibn_al-Waleed_emblem_V_transparent.svg/40px-Jaysh_Khalid_ibn_al-Waleed_emblem_V_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army</a> (until 2018)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="399" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(Mozambique)" title="Al-Shabaab (Mozambique)">Mozambique Province</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Hind_Province" title="Islamic State – Hind Province">Hind Province</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Islamic State in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir Province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="967" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_-_Turkey_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State - Turkey Province">Islamic State - Turkey Province</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> Iraq Province <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan" title="Islamic State in Kurdistan">Kurdistan Province</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade</a> (until 2019)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Khansaa_Brigade" title="Al-Khansaa Brigade">Al-Khansaa Brigade</a> (until 2017)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Brussels Islamic State terror cell</a> (until 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Najd_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Najd_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Najd_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Najd_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Najd_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Najd_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Najd_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="596" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_-_Saudi_Arabia_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State - Saudi Arabia Province">Islamic State - Saudi Arabia Province</a> (until 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province.svg/20px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province.svg/30px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province.svg/40px-Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province" title="Islamic State – Sinai Province">Sinai Province</a> (until 2023)</li></ul> Unorganized cells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Azerbaijan" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Azerbaijan "Province"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Tunisia" title="Islamic State insurgency in Tunisia">Jund al Khilafah in Tunisia</a> (until 2019)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Khilafah_Brazil" title="Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil">Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil</a> (until 2018)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Die_Wahre_Religion" title="Die Wahre Religion">Die Wahre Religion</a> (until 2016)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Profetens_Ummah" title="Profetens Ummah">Profetens Ummah</a> (until 2016)</li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown (March 2019 – present) <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Former</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Baqubah" title="Baqubah">Baqubah</a>, Iraq (2006–2007) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> No central headquarters (2007–2013) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, Syria (2013–2017) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mayadin" title="Mayadin">Mayadin</a>, Syria (June–October 2017)<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(town)" title="Al-Qa'im (town)">Al-Qa'im</a>, Iraq (October–November 2017)<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Kamal" title="Abu Kamal">Abu Kamal</a>, Syria (November 2017)<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Hajin" title="Hajin">Hajin</a>, Syria (November 2017 – December 2018)<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Susah" title="Al-Susah">Al-Susah</a>, Syria (December 2018 – January 2019)<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Marashidah" title="Al-Marashidah">Al-Marashidah</a>, Syria (January–February 2019)<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Al-Baghuz Fawqani">Al-Baghuz Fawqani</a>, Syria (February–March 2019)<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-battleover-43">[43]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active regions</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/File:Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map – refer to following caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/230px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/345px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/460px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="4501" data-file-height="3439" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">IS territory</a>, in grey, at the time of its greatest territorial extent (May 2015)<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_2015-05-15-44">[44]</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Map legend</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Islamic State</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Iraq" title="Federal government of Iraq">Iraqi government</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Syrian government</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Lebanese government</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a> forces</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Syrian Kurdistan forces</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a> forces</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Note: Iraq and Syria contain large desert areas with sparse populations. These areas are mapped as under the control of forces holding roads and towns within them.</li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Detailed current maps</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian,_Iraqi,_and_Lebanese_insurgencies_detailed_map" title="Template:Syrian, Iraqi, and Lebanese insurgencies detailed map">Detailed map of the Syrian, Iraqi, and Lebanese conflicts</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libyan_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Libyan Civil War detailed map">Detailed map of the Libyan Civil War</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sinai_insurgency_detailed_map" title="Template:Sinai insurgency detailed map">Detailed map of the Sinai insurgency</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nigerian_insurgency_detailed_map" title="Template:Nigerian insurgency detailed map">Detailed map of the Nigerian insurgency</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yemeni_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Yemeni Civil War detailed map">Detailed map of the Yemeni Civil War</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Template:Insurgency_in_Mozambique_detailed_map" title="Template:Insurgency in Mozambique detailed map">Detailed map of the Insurgency in Mozambique</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Template:Somali_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Somali Civil War detailed map">Detailed map of the Somali Civil War</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mali_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Mali War detailed map">Detailed map of the Mali War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Statism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Statism">Islamic Statism</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a><a href="#cite_note-Poljarevic_chapter_2021-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Manne-Saltman-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Manne_2017-48">[48]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Takfiri" title="Takfiri">Takfirism</a><a href="#cite_note-Poljarevic_chapter_2021-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Badara_2017-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bunzel-50">[50]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a><a href="#cite_note-Wahhabism-54">[54]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a><a href="#cite_note-Quilliam2014-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Homegrown_2021-55">[55]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a><a href="#cite_note-Salafi_jihadism-56">[56]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalism</a><a href="#cite_note-Gerges-57">[57]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Anti-Yazidi sentiment</a><a href="#cite_note-Anti-Yazidi_sentiment-61">[61]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Shias by ISIL">Anti-Shia sentiment</a><a href="#cite_note-Anti-Shia_sentiment-70">[70]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians by ISIL">Anti-Christian sentiment</a><a href="#cite_note-Anti-Christian_sentiment-74">[74]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Anti-Hindu sentiment</a><a href="#cite_note-Anti-Hindu_sentiment-81">[81]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_gay_and_bisexual_men_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of gay and bisexual men by ISIL">Anti-LGBT sentiment</a><a href="#cite_note-Anti-LGBT_sentiment-89">[89]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a><a href="#cite_note-Antisemitism-102">[102]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a><a href="#cite_note-Misogyny-107">[107]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data">Baqiya wa Tatamadad (Remaining and Expanding)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List of combatant numbers</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Inside Syria and Iraq: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1,500–3,000<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> (UN 2024 report)</li> <li>5,000–10,000<sup id="cite_ref-Eighth_report_of_the_Secretary-General_on_the_threat_posed_by_Islamic_State_to_international_peace_and_security_and_the_range_of_United_Nations_efforts_in_support_of_Member_States_in_countering_the_threat_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eighth_report_of_the_Secretary-General_on_the_threat_posed_by_Islamic_State_to_international_peace_and_security_and_the_range_of_United_Nations_efforts_in_support_of_Member_States_in_countering_the_threat-109">[109]</a> (UN Security Council 2019 report)</li> <li>28,600–31,600 (July 2018)<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> (2016 US Defense Department estimate)</li> <li>200,000<a href="#cite_note-Indep161114-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-how_many-112">[112]</a> (2015 claim by <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a> Chief of Staff)</li> <li>100,000<a href="#cite_note-secret_of_Baghdadi's_success-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-how_many-112">[112]</a> (2015 Jihadist claim)</li> <li>35,000–100,000<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> (at peak, US State Department estimate)</li></ul> </div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Outside Syria and Iraq: 32,600–57,900 (See <a href="/wiki/Military_activity_of_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Military activity of ISIL">Military activity of ISIL</a> for more detailed estimates.) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Estimated total: 61,200–257,900</li></ul> </div><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Civilian population</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">In 2015 (near max extent): 8–12 million<a href="#cite_note-by_the_numbers-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-rolling_back-116">[116]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">In 2022 (ISWAP): 800,000<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> (2004–2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Supporters">See section</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opponents</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>State opponents</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Additional opponents</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-123">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Non-state opponents</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Interim_Government" title="Syrian Interim Government">Syrian Interim Government</a>  ∟ <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Occupied Syria</a>  ∟ <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria"><img alt="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/23px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/35px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/45px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">North and East Syria</a>  ∟ <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Salvation_Government" title="Syrian Salvation Government">Syrian Salvation Government</a>  ∟ <a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Hayyat Tahrir al-Sham</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Additional opponents</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah"><img alt="Hezbollah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/35px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/45px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg/20px-Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg/30px-Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg/40px-Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="1668" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg/15px-Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg/23px-Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg/29px-Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="497" /> <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units" title="Nineveh Plain Protection Units">Nineveh Plain Protection Units</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Organization</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah" title="Kata'ib Hezbollah">Kata'ib Hezbollah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Harakat_Hezbollah_al-Nujaba" title="Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba">Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces#Structure" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Full list...</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Forces" title="National Defence Forces">National Defence Forces</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Sayyid_al-Shuhada" title="Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada">Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/23px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/35px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/45px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Communities_Union" title="Kurdistan Communities Union">Kurdistan Communities Union</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ahrar_al-Sham" title="Ahrar al-Sham">Ahrar al-Sham</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="173" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a> since 2017<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya_Shield_Force" title="Libya Shield Force">Libya Shield Force</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Mujahideen_in_Derna" title="Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna">Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg/15px-Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg/22px-Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg/29px-Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="314" /> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Conquest" title="Army of Conquest">Army of Conquest</a> (2015–17) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liwa_Assad_Allah_al-Ghalib_fi_al-Iraq_wa_al-Sham" title="Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham">Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Mu%27ammal" title="Jaysh al-Mu'ammal">Jaysh al-Mu'ammal</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/35px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/45px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> Syrian Hezbollah </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Quwat_al-Ridha" title="Quwat al-Ridha">Quwat al-Ridha</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png/23px-Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png/35px-Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png/45px-Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Liwa_Zainebiyoun" title="Liwa Zainebiyoun">Liwa Zainebiyoun</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="299" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_(Syria)" title="Islamic Front (Syria)">Islamic Front</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ajnad_al-Sham_Islamic_Union" title="Ajnad al-Sham Islamic Union">Ajnad al-Sham Islamic Union</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Brigades" title="Ba'ath Brigades">Ba'ath Brigades</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_opposition" title="Venezuelan opposition">Venezuelan opposition</a><a href="#cite_note-AsambleaVE-159">[159]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="#Countries_and_groups_at_war_with_IS">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles and wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War">Second Libyan Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Other conflicts</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> Primary target of <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="International military intervention against the Islamic State">Military intervention against IS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">American-led intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian intervention in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Nigerian-led intervention</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">Preceded by <a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Ta%27ifa_al-Mansurah" title="Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah">Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah</a> (2004–2006)<a href="#cite_note-winepJune14-160">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a> (2006) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Iraq">Islamic State in Iraq</a> (2006–2013)</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:whitesmoke; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="background:whitesmoke"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:whitesmoke; border-top:#aaa 1px solid; font-size: 110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Practices and concepts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istishhad" title="Istishhad">Istishhad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahid" title="Shahid">Shahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(Chechnya)" title="Black Widow (Chechnya)">Shahidka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inghimasi" title="Inghimasi">Inghimasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrdom_video" title="Martyrdom video">Martyrdom video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beheading_video" title="Beheading video">Beheading video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">Suicide attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_flag" title="Jihadist flag">Jihadist flag</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="background:whitesmoke"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:whitesmoke; border-top:#aaa 1px solid; font-size: 110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalism</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism">International propagation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="background:whitesmoke"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:whitesmoke; border-top:#aaa 1px solid; font-size: 110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Notable jihadist organisations</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Pakistani Taliban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine">Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahrar_al-Sham" title="Ahrar al-Sham">Ahrar al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayat_Tahrir_al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayat Tahrir al-Sham">Hayat Tahrir al-Sham</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="background:whitesmoke"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:whitesmoke; border-top:#aaa 1px solid; font-size: 110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Jihadism in Africa</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb and Sahel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="background:whitesmoke"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:whitesmoke; border-top:#aaa 1px solid; font-size: 110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Jihadism in Asia</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan_Islamic_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="East Turkestan Islamic Movement">East Turkestan Islamic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_insurgency_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Moro insurgency in the Philippines">Moro insurgency in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Arabs" title="Afghan Arabs">Arab mujahideen in Afghanistan</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="background:whitesmoke"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:whitesmoke; border-top:#aaa 1px solid; font-size: 110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Jihadism in the West</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Islamic terrorism in Europe">Islamic terrorism in Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_and_Islamic_terrorism_in_the_Balkans" title="Islamism and Islamic terrorism in the Balkans">Islamic terrorism in the Balkans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islamism in the United Kingdom">Islamism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_extremism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist extremism in the United States">Jihadist extremism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War">Foreign fighters in Bosnia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_mujahideen" title="Bosnian mujahideen">Bosnian mujahideen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_and_Iraqi_Civil_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian and Iraqi Civil Wars">Foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homegrown_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Homegrown terrorism">Homegrown terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadi_tourism" title="Jihadi tourism">Jihadi tourism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jihadism_sidebar" title="Template:Jihadism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jihadism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Jihadism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jihadism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jihadism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Islamic State (IS),<a href="#cite_note-161">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Names of the Islamic State">also known as</a> the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) and by its <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> acronym Daesh,<a href="#cite_note-162">[b]</a> is a transnational <a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadist" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi jihadist">Salafi jihadist</a> group. IS gained global prominence in 2014, when its militants conquered large territories in northwestern Iraq and eastern Syria, taking advantage of the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">civil war in Syria</a> and the disintegrating local military forces of Iraq. By the end of 2015, its self-declared <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a> ruled an area with a population of about 12 million,<a href="#cite_note-by_the_numbers-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-rolling_back-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> where they enforced their extremist interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic law">Islamic law</a>, managed an annual budget exceeding US$1 billion, and commanded more than 30,000 fighters.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> After a grinding conflict with American, Iraqi, and Kurdish forces, IS lost control of all its Middle Eastern territories by 2019, subsequently reverting to insurgency from remote hideouts while continuing its <a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Social media use by the Islamic State">propaganda efforts</a>. These efforts have garnered a significant following in northern and <a href="/wiki/Sahelian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahelian">Sahelian</a> Africa,<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> where IS still controls a significant territory.<a href="#cite_note-C-T-K-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrisis_Group20242,_6-168">[166]</a> Originating in the <a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Ta%27ifa_al-Mansurah" title="Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah">Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Omar al-Baghdadi">Abu Omar al-Baghdadi</a> in 2004, the organisation (primarily under the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> name) affiliated itself with <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">al-Qaeda in Iraq</a> and fought alongside them during the <a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%932006_phase_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency">2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency</a>. The group later changed their name to Islamic State of Iraq and Levant for about a year,<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> before declaring itself to be a worldwide <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-newname-172">[170]</a> called simply the Islamic State (الدولة الإسلامية, ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah).<a href="#cite_note-BBCSep2014-173">[171]</a> As a caliphate, IS demanded the religious, political, and military obedience of <a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Muslims worldwide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-What_does_ISIS'_declaration_of_a_caliphate_mean-174">[172]</a> despite the rejection of its <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">legitimacy</a> by mainstream <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> and its <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">statehood</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and most governments.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">Designated a terrorist organisation</a> by the United Nations and others, IS—during its rule in northern Iraq—launched genocides against <a href="/wiki/Yazidi_genocide" title="Yazidi genocide">Yazidis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Iraqi Turkmen</a>; engaged in <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">persecution of Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Shia Muslims</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a>; publicised <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_beheadings" title="Islamic State beheadings">videos of beheadings</a> of soldiers, journalists, and aid workers; and <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">destroyed several cultural sites</a>. The group has also perpetrated terrorist massacres in territories outside of its control, such as the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2024_Kerman_bombings" title="2024 Kerman bombings">2024 Kerman bombings</a> in Iran, and the <a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">2024 Crocus City Hall attack</a> in Russia. After 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> pushed back IS and degraded its financial and military infrastructure,<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> assisted by advisors, weapons, training, supplies, and airstrikes by the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">American-led coalition</a>,<a href="#cite_note-once_promised-177">[175]</a> and later by Russian airstrikes, bombings, cruise missile attacks, and <a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">scorched-earth</a> tactics across Syria, which focused mostly on razing <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a> strongholds rather than IS bases.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> By March 2019, IS lost the last of its territories in <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a>, although its affiliates maintained a significant territorial presence in Africa as of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-C-T-K-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrisis_Group20242,_6-168">[166]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name"> Name</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Names of the Islamic State">Names of the Islamic State</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Name_changes_due_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Name changes due to the Islamic State">Name changes due to the Islamic State</a></div> The Islamic State, abbreviated IS,<a href="#cite_note-:1-179">[177]</a> is <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Names of the Islamic State">also known as</a> the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈaɪsɪl/</a>), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈaɪsɪs/</a>),<a href="#cite_note-:2-180">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-181">[179]</a> and by its <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> acronym Da'ish<a href="#cite_note-:3-182">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-183">[181]</a> or Daesh (داعش, Dāʿish, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[ˈdaːʕɪʃ]</a>),<a href="#cite_note-DAESH_shift-184">[182]</a> and also as Dawlat al-Islam (Arabic: دولة الإسلام).<a href="#cite_note-:5-185">[183]</a> In April 2013, having expanded into Syria, the group adopted the name ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī 'l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām (الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام). As <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:الشام">al-Shām</a> is a region often compared with the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">region of Syria</a>, the group's name has been variously translated as "Islamic State of Iraq and <a href="/wiki/Al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sham">al-Sham</a>",<a href="#cite_note-BBC_2_December_2015-186">[184]</a> "Islamic State of Iraq and Syria" (both abbreviated as ISIS),<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> or "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" (abbreviated as ISIL).<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-181">[179]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Dar_al-Ifta_al-Misriyyah" title="Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah">Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah</a> dubbed ISIS as QSIS for "al-Qaeda Separatists in Iraq and Syria", arguing that ISIL does not represent the vast majority of Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> While the use of either one or the other <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> has been the subject of debate,<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-181">[179]</a> the distinction between the two and its relevance has been considered less important.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-181">[179]</a> Of greater relevance is the name Daesh, which is an acronym of ISIL's <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> name ad-Dawlah al-Islamīyah fī l-ʻIrāq wa-sh-Shām. Dāʿish (داعش), or Daesh. This name has been widely used by ISIL's Arabic-speaking detractors,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_2_December_2015-186">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> for example when referring to the group whilst speaking amongst themselves, although—and to a certain extent because⁠—it is considered derogatory, as it resembles the Arabic words Daes ("one who crushes, or tramples down, something underfoot") and Dāhis (loosely translated as "one who sows discord").<a href="#cite_note-DAESH_shift-184">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> Within areas under its control, ISIL considers use of the name Daesh punishable by <a href="/wiki/Flagellation" title="Flagellation">flogging</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> In late June 2014, the group renamed itself ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Islamic State' or IS), declaring itself a worldwide <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newname-172">[170]</a> The name "Islamic State" and the group's claim to be a caliphate have been widely rejected, with the UN, various governments, and mainstream Muslim groups refusing to use the new name.<a href="#cite_note-Mandhai-192">[190]</a> The group's declaration of a new caliphate in June 2014 and its adoption of the name "Islamic State" have been criticised and ridiculed by Muslim scholars and rival Islamists both inside and outside the territory it controls.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> In a speech in September 2014, United States President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> said that ISIL was neither Islamic (on the basis that no religion condones the killing of innocents) nor a state (in that no government <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">recognises</a> the group as a state),<a href="#cite_note-potus-statement-194">[192]</a> while many object to using the name Islamic State owing to the far-reaching religious and political claims to authority which that name implies. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>,<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> the United States,<a href="#cite_note-potus-statement-194">[192]</a> Canada,<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> Turkey,<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> Australia,<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> the United Kingdom,<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> and other countries generally call the group ISIL, while much of the Arab world uses the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> acronym Dāʻish or Daesh. France's Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Laurent Fabius</a> said: "This is a terrorist group and not a state. I do not recommend using the term Islamic State because it blurs the lines between Islam, Muslims, and Islamists. The Arabs call it 'Daesh' and I will be calling them the 'Daesh cutthroats'."<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> Retired general <a href="/wiki/John_R._Allen" title="John R. Allen">John Allen</a>, the U.S. envoy appointed to co-ordinate the coalition; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/James_L._Terry" title="James L. Terry">James Terry</a>, head of operations against the group; and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> had all shifted towards use of the term Daesh by December 2014,<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> which nonetheless remained a pejorative in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose_and_strategy">Purpose and strategy</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideology">Ideology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Ideology of the Islamic State">Ideology of the Islamic State</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Excessive_citations plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-citation_style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_overkill" title="Wikipedia:Citation overkill">excessive number of citations</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_overkill#How_to_trim_excessive_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citation overkill">remove low-quality or irrelevant citations</a>. (October 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Ideology of the Islamic State">ideology of the Islamic State</a>, or Islamic Statism has been described as being a hybrid of <a href="/wiki/Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafism">Salafism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Quilliam2014-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Homegrown_2021-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Quilliam2014-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bunzel-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-what-isis-really-wants-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Homegrown_2021-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Gerges-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Bunzel-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quilliam2014-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-what-isis-really-wants-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost_Wahhabi-53">[53]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Poljarevic_chapter_2021-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Manne-Saltman-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dodeye-203">[201]</a> as well as other doctrines.<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> According to Robert Manne, there is a "general consensus" that the ideology of the Islamic State is "primarily based upon the writings of the radical Egyptian theoretician <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a>".<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi2015xii-207">[205]</a> The Muslim Brotherhood began the trend of political Islamism in the 20th century, seeking gradual establishment of a new <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a>, a comprehensive Islamic society ruled by <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> law. Qutb's doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Jahiliyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahiliyya">jahiliyya</a> (pre-Islamic ignorance), hakimiyya (divine sovereignty), and <a href="/wiki/Takfir" title="Takfir">takfir</a> of entire societies formed a radicalized vision of the Muslim Brotherhood's political Islam project. <a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a> became the precursor to all <a href="/wiki/Jihadist" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist">jihadist</a> thought, from <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Azzam" title="Abdullah Yusuf Azzam">Abdullah Azzam</a> to <a href="/wiki/Zawahiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zawahiri">Zawahiri</a> and to Daesh.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> Alongside Sayyid Qutb, the most invoked ideological figures of IS include <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyya</a>, Abdullah Azzam, and <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hasan_Khalil_al-Hakim" title="Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim">Abu Bakr Naji</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> Although IS claims to adhere to the <a href="/wiki/Athari" class="mw-redirect" title="Athari">Salafi theology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyyah</a>, it rejects traditional Salafi interpretations as well as the four Sunni schools of law, and anathematizes the majority of Salafis as <a href="/wiki/Heretics" class="mw-redirect" title="Heretics">heretics</a>. IS ideologues rarely uphold adherence to Islamic scholarship and law manuals for reference, mostly preferring to derive rulings based on self-interpretation of the Qur'an and Muslim traditions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi2015xiii,_11,_18-210">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poljarevic_Handbook_20212-211">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-Manne-Saltman-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Omar al-Baghdadi">Abu Omar al-Baghdadi</a>, the first Emir of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a>, was radicalised as a Muslim Brotherhood member during his youth.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> Motaz Al-Khateeb states that religious texts and Islamic jurisprudence "alone cannot explain the emergence" of Daesh since the Muslim Brotherhood and Daesh "draw on the same Islamic jurisprudence" but "are diametrically opposite" in strategy and behavior.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> Through the official statement of beliefs originally released by al-Baghdadi in 2007 and subsequently updated since June 2014, ISIL defined its <a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">creed</a> as "a middle way between the extremist <a href="/wiki/Khawarij" class="mw-redirect" title="Khawarij">Kharijites</a> and the lax <a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murji'ites</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Bunzel-50">[50]</a>: 38  ISIL's ideology represents radical Jihadi-Salafi Islam, a strict, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_puritanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic puritanism">puritanical</a> form of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> Muslim organisations like Islamic Networks Group (ING) in America have argued against this interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> ISIL promotes <a href="/wiki/Religious_violence#Islam" title="Religious violence">religious violence</a>, and regards Muslims who do not agree with its interpretations as <a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">infidels</a> or <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">apostates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ANS-216">[214]</a> According to Hayder al Khoei, IS's philosophy is represented by the symbolism in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Standard" title="Black Standard">Black Standard</a> variant of the legendary battle flag of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> that it has adopted: the flag shows the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Muhammad" title="Seal of Muhammad">Seal of Muhammad</a> within a white circle, with the phrase above it, "<a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">There is no god but Allah</a>".<a href="#cite_note-time-2014-09-09-217">[215]</a> This symbolism is said to symbolize IS's belief that it represents the restoration of the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Early history of Islam">early Islam</a>, with all the political, religious and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">eschatological</a> ramifications that this would imply.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> Abu Abdullah al-Muhajir, an Egyptian Jihadist theoretician and ideologue is considered as the key inspiration for early figures of IS.<a href="#cite_note-Winter_2016-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-Townsend_2018-220">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ajjoub_2021-221">[219]</a> Al-Muhajir's legal manual on violence, Fiqh ad-Dima (The Jurisprudence of Jihad or The Jurisprudence of Blood),<a href="#cite_note-:0-222">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-Winter_2016-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-Townsend_2018-220">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ajjoub_2021-221">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> was adopted by IS as its standard reference for justifying its extraordinary acts of violence.<a href="#cite_note-:0-222">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-Winter_2016-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-Townsend_2018-220">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ajjoub_2021-221">[219]</a> The book has been described by counter-terrorism scholar Orwa Ajjoub as rationalising and justifying "suicide operations, the mutilation of corpses, beheading, and the killing of children and non-combatants."<a href="#cite_note-Ajjoub_2021-221">[219]</a> His theological and legal justifications influenced IS,<a href="#cite_note-Winter_2016-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-Townsend_2018-220">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ajjoub_2021-221">[219]</a> al-Qaeda,<a href="#cite_note-Winter_2016-219">[217]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Townsend_2018-220">[218]</a> as well as several other jihadi terrorist groups.<a href="#cite_note-Winter_2016-219">[217]</a> Numerous media outlets have compared his reference manual to <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Naji" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr Naji">Abu Bakr Naji</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Management_of_Savagery" title="Management of Savagery">Management of Savagery</a>,<a href="#cite_note-newyorker-224">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> widely read among IS's commanders and fighters.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> IS adheres to global jihadist principles and follows the hard-line ideology of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and many other modern-day jihadist groups.<a href="#cite_note-ReutersHolmes_030214-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-ANS-216">[214]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">For their guiding principles, the leaders of the Islamic State ... are open and clear about their almost exclusive commitment to the Wahhabi movement of Sunni Islam. The group circulates images of Wahhabi religious textbooks from Saudi Arabia in the schools it controls. Videos from the group's territory have shown Wahhabi texts plastered on the sides of an official missionary van.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>David D. Kirkpatrick, The New York Times<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_NYT-229">[227]</a></cite></div></blockquote> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi</a> practices followed by the group include the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_police" title="Islamic religious police">religious police</a> to root out "vice" and enforce attendance at <a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a> prayers, the widespread use of <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Islam" title="Capital punishment in Islam">capital punishment</a>, and the destruction or re-purposing of any non-<a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> religious buildings.<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Haykel" title="Bernard Haykel">Bernard Haykel</a> has described IS leader <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's</a> creed as "a kind of untamed Wahhabism".<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_NYT-229">[227]</a> Senior Saudi religious leaders have issued statements condemning IS,<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> and attempting to distance the group from official Saudi religious beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> What connection, if any, there is between Salafi-Jihadism of IS and Wahhabism and Salafism proper is disputed. IS borrowed two elements of <a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a> and 20th century Islamism into its version of Wahhabi worldview. While Wahhabism shuns violent rebellion against earthly rulers, IS embraces political call to revolutions. While historically Wahhabis were not champion activists of a <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a>, IS borrowed the idea of restoration of a global Caliphate.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> Although the religious character of IS is mostly Wahhabi, it departs from the Wahhabi tradition in four critical aspects: dynastic alliance, call to establish a global caliphate, sheer violence, and apocalyptism.<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> IS did not follow the pattern of the first three Saudi states in allying the religious mission of the Najdi <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">ulema</a> with the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">Al Saud family</a>, rather they consider them apostates. The call for a global caliphate is another departure from Wahhabism. The caliphate, understood in Islamic law as the ideal Islamic polity uniting all Muslim territories, does not figure much in traditional Najdi writings. Ironically, Wahhabism emerged as an anti-caliphate movement.<a href="#cite_note-Bunzel_18_February_2016-235">[233]</a> Although <a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">violence</a> was not absent in the First Saudi State, Islamic State's displays of beheading, immolation, and other forms of violence aimed at inspiring fear are not in imitation of early Saudi practices. They were introduced by Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi, former leader of Al-Qaeda in Iraq, who took inspiration from the Egyptian Jihadi scholar, Abu Abdallah Al Muhajir. It is the latter's legal manual on violence, popularly known as Fiqh ad-Dima (The Jurisprudence of Blood), that is the Islamic State's standard reference for justifying its acts of violence.<a href="#cite_note-Bunzel_18_February_2016-235">[233]</a> The Islamic State's apocalyptic dimension also lacks a mainstream Wahhabi precedent.<a href="#cite_note-Bunzel_18_February_2016-235">[233]</a> IS aims to return to the early days of Islam, rejecting all <a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">innovations</a> in the religion, which it believes corrupts its original spirit. It condemns later caliphates and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> for deviating from what it calls pure Islam and seeks to revive the original Qutbist project of the restoration of a global caliphate that is governed by a strict Salafi-Jihadi doctrine. Following Salafi-Jihadi doctrines, IS condemns the followers of secular law as disbelievers, putting the current Saudi Arabian government in that category.<a href="#cite_note-Wahhabism-54">[54]</a> IS believes that only a legitimate authority can undertake the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a> and that the first priority over other areas of combat, such as fighting non-Muslim countries, is the purification of Islamic society. For example, IS regards the Palestinian Sunni group <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> as apostates who have no legitimate authority to lead jihad and see fighting Hamas as the first step towards confrontation by IS with Israel.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_NYT-229">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a> Yemeni journalist <a href="/wiki/Abdulelah_Haider_Shaye" title="Abdulelah Haider Shaye">Abdulelah Haider Shaye</a> said: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The Islamic State was drafted by Sayyid Qutb, taught by Abdullah Azzam, globalized by Osama bin Laden, transferred to reality by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, and implemented by al-Baghdadis: Abu Omar and Abu Bakr.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Hassan Hassan, The Sectarianism of the Islamic State: Ideological Roots and Political Context.<a href="#cite_note-Hassan_Hassan-237">[235]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The Islamic State added a focus on sectarianism to a layer of radical views. In particular, it linked itself to the Salafi-jihadi movement that evolved out of the Afghan jihad.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Hassan Hassan, The Sectarianism of the Islamic State: Ideological Roots and Political Context.<a href="#cite_note-Hassan_Hassan-237">[235]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_eschatology">Islamic eschatology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic eschatology</a></div> One difference between IS and other Islamist and jihadist movements, including <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>, is the group's emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">eschatology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">apocalypticism</a> – that is, a belief in a final <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Judgment_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Judgment in Islam">Day of Judgment</a> by God. IS believes that it will defeat the army of "Rome" at the town of <a href="/wiki/Dabiq,_Syria" title="Dabiq, Syria">Dabiq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-what-isis-really-wants-52">[52]</a> The noted scholar of militant Islamism <a href="/wiki/Will_McCants" title="Will McCants">Will McCants</a> writes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">References to the End Times fill Islamic State propaganda. It's a big selling point with foreign fighters, who want to travel to the lands where the final battles of the apocalypse will take place. The civil wars raging in those countries today [Iraq and Syria] lend credibility to the prophecies. The Islamic State has stoked the apocalyptic fire. ... For Bin Laden's generation, the apocalypse wasn't a great recruiting pitch. Governments in the Middle East two decades ago were more stable, and sectarianism was more subdued. It was better to recruit by calling to arms against corruption and tyranny than against the Antichrist. Today, though, the apocalyptic recruiting pitch makes more sense than before.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>William McCants, The ISIS Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goals">Goals</h3></div> Since at latest 2004, a significant goal of the group has been the foundation of a Sunni <a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a> Specifically, ISIL has sought to establish itself as a <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a>, an Islamic state led by a group of religious authorities under a supreme leader – the <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> – who is believed to be the successor to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson14-240">[238]</a> In June 2014, ISIL published a document in which it claimed to have traced the lineage of its leader al-Baghdadi back to Muhammad,<a href="#cite_note-Johnson14-240">[238]</a> and upon proclaiming a new caliphate on 29 June, the group appointed al-Baghdadi as its caliph. As caliph, he demanded the allegiance of all devout Muslims worldwide according to Islamic jurisprudence (<a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a>).<a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a> ISIL has detailed its goals in its <a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(magazine)" title="Dabiq (magazine)">Dabiq</a> magazine, saying it will continue to seize land and take over the entire Earth until its: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Blessed flag...covers all eastern and western extents of the Earth, filling the world with the truth and justice of Islam and putting an end to the falsehood and tyranny of jahiliyyah [state of ignorance], even if America and its coalition despise such.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>5th edition of Dabiq, the Islamic State's English-language magazine<a href="#cite_note-Joscelyn_2015-09-242">[240]</a></cite></div></blockquote> According to German journalist <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Todenh%C3%B6fer" title="Jürgen Todenhöfer">Jürgen Todenhöfer</a>, who spent ten days embedded with ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, the view he kept hearing was that ISIL wants to "conquer the world", and that all who do not believe in the group's interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> will be killed. Todenhöfer was struck by the ISIL fighters' belief that "all religions who agree with democracy have to die",<a href="#cite_note-Withnall-243">[241]</a> and by their "incredible enthusiasm" – including enthusiasm for killing "hundreds of millions" of people.<a href="#cite_note-244">[242]</a> When the caliphate was proclaimed, ISIL stated: "The legality of all emirates, groups, states and organisations becomes null by the expansion of the khilafah's [caliphate's] authority and the arrival of its troops to their areas."<a href="#cite_note-Johnson14-240">[238]</a> This was a rejection of the political divisions in <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Asia">Southwestern Asia</a> that were established by the UK and France during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a> All non-Muslim areas would be targeted for conquest after the Muslim lands were dealt with, according to the Islamist manual <a href="/wiki/Management_of_Savagery" title="Management of Savagery">Management of Savagery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategy">Strategy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Askari_Mosque_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Al-Askari_Mosque_2006.jpg/220px-Al-Askari_Mosque_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Al-Askari_Mosque_2006.jpg/330px-Al-Askari_Mosque_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Al-Askari_Mosque_2006.jpg/440px-Al-Askari_Mosque_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Al-Askari_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Askari Mosque">Al-Askari Mosque</a>, one of the holiest sites in Shia Islam, after <a href="/wiki/2006_al-Askari_Mosque_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 al-Askari Mosque bombing">the first attack</a> by Islamic State of Iraq in 2006</figcaption></figure> Documents found after the death of Samir Abd Muhammad al-Khlifawi, a former colonel in the intelligence service of the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraqi Air Force</a> before the US invasion who had been described as "the strategic head" of ISIL, detailed planning for the ISIL takeover of northern Syria which made possible "the group's later advances into Iraq". Al-Khlifawi called for the infiltration of areas to be conquered with spies who would find out "as much as possible about the target towns: Who lived there, who was in charge, which families were religious, which Islamic school of religious jurisprudence they belonged to, how many mosques there were, who the imam was, how many wives and children he had and how old they were". Following this surveillance and espionage would come murder and kidnapping – "the elimination of every person who might have been a potential leader or opponent". In <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, after rebel forces drove out the <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> regime and ISIL infiltrated the town, "first dozens and then hundreds of people disappeared".<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a> Security and intelligence expert Martin Reardon has described IS's purpose as being to psychologically "break" those under its control, "so as to ensure their absolute allegiance through fear and intimidation", while generating "outright hate and vengeance" among its enemies.<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jason_Burke" title="Jason Burke">Jason Burke</a>, a journalist writing on <a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a>, has written that IS's goal is to "terrorize, mobilize [and] polarize".<a href="#cite_note-Gude-2015-3-249">[247]</a> Its efforts to terrorise are intended to intimidate civilian populations and force governments of the target enemy "to make rash decisions that they otherwise would not choose". It aims to mobilise its supporters by motivating them with, for example, spectacular deadly attacks deep in Western territory (such as the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>), to polarise by driving Muslim populations – particularly in the West – away from their governments, thus increasing the appeal of IS's self-proclaimed caliphate among them, and to: "Eliminate neutral parties through either absorption or elimination".<a href="#cite_note-Gude-2015-3-249">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Rukmini_Maria_Callimachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rukmini Maria Callimachi">Rukmini Maria Callimachi</a> also emphasises IS's interest in polarisation or in eliminating what it calls the "grey zone" between the black (non-Muslims) and white (IS). "The gray is moderate Muslims who are living in the West and are happy and feel engaged in the society here."<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> A work published online in 2004 entitled <a href="/wiki/Management_of_Savagery" title="Management of Savagery">Management of Savagery</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> (Idarat at Tawahoush), described by several media outlets as influential on IS<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> and intended to provide a strategy to create a new Islamic caliphate,<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> recommended a strategy of attack outside its territory in which fighters would "Diversify and widen the vexation strikes against the Crusader-Zionist enemy in every place in the Islamic world, and even outside of it if possible, so as to disperse the efforts of the alliance of the enemy and thus drain it to the greatest extent possible."<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a> The group has been accused of attempting to "bolster morale" and distract attention from its loss of territory to enemies by staging terror attacks abroad (such as the <a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack" title="2016 Berlin truck attack">2016 Berlin truck attack</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">6 June 2017 attacks on Tehran</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">22 May 2017 bombing in Manchester</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack" title="2017 London Bridge attack">3 June 2017 attacks in London</a> that IS claimed credit for).<a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2></div> IS has been described as a terrorist group adhering to <a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Quilliam2014-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bunzel-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-what-isis-really-wants-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost_Wahhabi-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Homegrown_2021-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-traincamp-257">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> in Syria was under IS control from 2013 and in 2014 it became the group's de facto capital city.<a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> On 17 October 2017, following a lengthy battle that saw massive destruction to the city, the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> (SDF) announced the full capture of Raqqa from IS. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership_and_governance">Leadership and governance</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">List of Islamic State members</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mugshot_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mugshot_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi%2C_2004.jpg/170px-Mugshot_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi%2C_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mugshot_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi%2C_2004.jpg/255px-Mugshot_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi%2C_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Mugshot_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi%2C_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Mugshot of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> by US armed forces while in detention at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Bucca" title="Camp Bucca">Camp Bucca</a> in 2004</figcaption></figure> From 2013 to 2019, IS was headed and run by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a>, the Islamic State's self-styled <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a>. Before their deaths, he had two deputy leaders, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a> for Iraq and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a> (also known as Abu Ala al-Afri)<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a> for Syria, both ethnic <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Turkmen</a>. Advising al-Baghdadi were a cabinet of senior leaders, while its operations in Iraq and Syria are controlled by local 'emirs,' who head semi-autonomous groups which the Islamic State refers to as its provinces.<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a> Beneath the leaders are councils on finance, leadership, military matters, legal matters (including decisions on executions) <a href="/wiki/ISIL_foreign_fighters" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL foreign fighters">foreign fighters'</a> assistance, security, intelligence and media. In addition, a <a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">shura</a> council has the task of ensuring that all decisions made by the governors and councils comply with the group's interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> While al-Baghdadi had told followers to "advise me when I err" in sermons, according to observers "any threat, opposition, or even contradiction is instantly eradicated".<a href="#cite_note-NYRoB-7-9-2015-262">[260]</a> According to Iraqis, Syrians, and analysts who study the group, almost all of IS's leaders—including the members of its military and security committees and the majority of its <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emirs</a> and princes—are former Iraqi military and intelligence officers, specifically former members of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Ba'ath</a> government who lost their jobs and pensions in the <a href="/wiki/De-Ba%27athification" title="De-Ba'athification">de-Ba'athification</a> process after that regime was overthrown.<a href="#cite_note-Saddam-263">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes27Aug14-264">[262]</a> The former Chief Strategist in the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism of the US State Department, <a href="/wiki/David_Kilcullen" title="David Kilcullen">David Kilcullen</a>, has said that "There undeniably would be no Isis if we had not invaded Iraq."<a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a> It has been reported that Iraqis and Syrians have been given greater precedence over other nationalities within IS because the group needs the loyalties of the local Sunni populations in both Syria and Iraq in order to be sustainable.<a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a> Other reports, however, have indicated that Syrians are at a disadvantage to foreign members, with some native Syrian fighters resenting "favouritism" allegedly shown towards foreigners over pay and accommodation.<a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a> In August 2016, media reports based on briefings by Western intelligence agencies suggested that IS had a multilevel <a href="/wiki/Secret_service" title="Secret service">secret service</a> known in Arabic as <a href="/wiki/Emni" title="Emni">Emni</a>, established in 2014, that has become a combination of an internal police force and an external operations directorate complete with regional branches. The unit was believed to be under the overall command of IS's most senior Syrian operative, spokesman and propaganda chief <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a> until his death by airstrike in late August 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Chulov310816-21">[21]</a> On 27 October 2019, the United States conducted a special operation targeting al-Baghdadi's compound in <a href="/wiki/Barisha,_Harem_District" title="Barisha, Harem District">Barisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a>, Northwest Syria. The attack <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">resulted in al-Baghdadi's death</a>; caught by surprise and unable to escape, al-Baghdadi detonated a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_vest" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide vest">suicide vest</a>, deliberately killing both himself and two children[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">ambiguous</a>] who had been living in the compound prior to the assault.<a href="#cite_note-Browne-269">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera_2019-10-27-270">[268]</a> U.S. President Donald Trump stated in a televised announcement that Baghdadi had, in fact, died during the operation and that American forces used support from helicopters, jets and drones through airspace controlled by Russia and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-271">[269]</a> He said that "Russia treated us great... Iraq was excellent. We really had great cooperation" and Turkey knew they were going in.<a href="#cite_note-Perraudin-272">[270]</a> He thanked Turkey, Russia, Syria, Iraq and the Syrian Kurdish forces for their support.<a href="#cite_note-Perraudin-272">[270]</a> The Turkish Defence Ministry also confirmed on Sunday that Turkish and U.S. military authorities exchanged and coordinated information ahead of an attack in Syria's Idlib.<a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Altun" title="Fahrettin Altun">Fahrettin Altun</a>, a senior aide to Turkish President Tayyib Erdogan, also stated, among other things, that "Turkey was proud to help the United States, our NATO ally, bring a notorious terrorist to justice" and that Turkey "will continue to work closely with the United States and others to combat terrorism in all its forms and manifestations."<a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a> Kremlin spokesman <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> declined to say if the United States had told Russia about the raid in advance but said that its result if confirmed, represented a serious contribution by the United States to combat terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a> Russia had previously claimed Baghdadi was killed in May 2019 by their airstrike.<a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a> In September 2019, a statement attributed to IS's propaganda arm, the <a href="/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency" title="Amaq News Agency">Amaq news agency</a>, claimed that <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Qardash" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah Qardash">Abdullah Qardash</a> was named as al-Baghdadi's successor.<a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> Analysts dismissed this statement as a fabrication, and relatives were reported as saying that Qardash died in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-278">[276]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rita_Katz" title="Rita Katz">Rita Katz</a>, a terrorism analyst and the co-founder of <a href="/wiki/SITE_Intelligence_Group" title="SITE Intelligence Group">SITE Intelligence</a>, noted that the alleged statement used a different font when compared to other statements and it was never distributed on Amaq or IS channels.<a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a> On 29 October 2019, Trump stated on social media that al-Baghdadi's "number one replacement" had been killed by American forces, without giving a name.<a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a> A U.S. official later confirmed that Trump was referring to IS spokesman and senior leader <a href="/wiki/Abul-Hasan_al-Muhajir" title="Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir">Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir</a>,<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a> who was killed in a U.S. airstrike in Syria two days earlier.<a href="#cite_note-282">[280]</a> On 31 October, IS named <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al_Hashimi_al-Qurayshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ibrahim al Hashimi al-Qurayshi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashemi al-Qurayshi</a> as Baghdadi's successor.<a href="#cite_note-283">[281]</a> On 3 February 2022, it was reported by a US official that al-Hashimi killed himself and members of his family by triggering an explosive device during a <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">counter-terrorism</a> raid by the US <a href="/wiki/Joint_Special_Operations_Command" title="Joint Special Operations Command">Joint Special Operations Command</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:11-284">[282]</a> On 30 November 2022, IS announced that their unidentified leader had been killed in battle and named a successor, providing no additional information other than his <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a>. A spokesman for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">U.S. Central Command</a> confirmed that IS's leader had been killed in mid-October by anti-government rebels in southern Syria.<a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a> On 16 February 2023, senior IS leader Hamza al-Homsi blew himself up in a U.S.-led raid in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civilians_in_Islamic_State-controlled_areas"> Civilians in Islamic State-controlled areas</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaboration with the Islamic State</a></div> In 2014, The Wall Street Journal estimated that eight million people lived in the Islamic State.<a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">United Nations Commission on Human Rights</a> has stated that IS "seeks to subjugate civilians under its control and dominate every aspect of their lives through terror, indoctrination, and the provision of services to those who obey".<a href="#cite_note-UNRuleOfTerror-288">[286]</a> Civilians, as well as the Islamic State itself, have released footage of some of the human rights abuses.<a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_control" title="Social control">Social control</a> of civilians was by imposition of IS's reading of sharia law,<a href="#cite_note-McCoyTop-290">[288]</a> enforced by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_police" title="Islamic religious police">morality police</a> forces known as Al-Hisbah and the all-women <a href="/wiki/Al-Khanssaa_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khanssaa Brigade">Al-Khanssaa Brigade</a>, a general police force, courts, and other entities managing recruitment, tribal relations, and education.<a href="#cite_note-UNRuleOfTerror-288">[286]</a> Al-Hisbah was led by Abu Muhammad al-Jazrawi.<a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a> In 2015, IS published a penal code including floggings, amputations, crucifixions, etc.<a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military of the Islamic State</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_equipment_of_Islamic_State" title="List of military equipment of Islamic State">List of military equipment of Islamic State</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Number_of_combatants">Number of combatants</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238864702">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}</style> <table class="bar-chart bar-chart-right"> <caption>Country origins of foreign IS fighters (500 or more), <a href="/wiki/The_International_Centre_for_the_Study_of_Radicalisation_and_Political_Violence" class="mw-redirect" title="The International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence">ICSR</a> estimate, 2018<a href="#cite_note-293">[291]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Country </th> <th scope="col">Fighters </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Russia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:15em;"></div>5,000</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tunisia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:12em;"></div>4,000</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jordan </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:11.9em;"></div>3,950</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Saudi Arabia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:9.7em;"></div>3,244</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Turkey </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:9em;"></div>3,000</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Uzbekistan </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:7.5em;"></div>2,500</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">France </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:5.7em;"></div>1,910</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Morocco </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:5.1em;"></div>1,699</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tajikistan </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.5em;"></div>1,502</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">China </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:3em;"></div>1,000</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Germany </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.9em;"></div>960</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lebanon </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.7em;"></div>900</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Azerbaijan </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.7em;"></div>900</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Kyrgyzstan </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.6em;"></div>863</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">United Kingdom </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.6em;"></div>860</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Indonesia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.4em;"></div>800</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Kazakhstan </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.8em;"></div>600</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Libya </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.8em;"></div>600</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Egypt </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.5em;"></div>500</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Turkmenistan </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.5em;"></div>500</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Belgium </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.5em;"></div>500</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> Estimates of the size of IS's military have varied widely, from tens of thousands<a href="#cite_note-294">[292]</a> up to 200,000.<a href="#cite_note-Indep161114-111">[111]</a> In early 2015, journalist Mary Anne Weaver estimated that half of IS fighters were foreigners.<a href="#cite_note-295">[293]</a> A UN report estimated a total of 15,000 fighters from over 80 countries were in IS's ranks in November 2014.<a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[295]</a> US intelligence estimated an increase to around 20,000 foreign fighters in February 2015, including 3,400 from the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[296]</a> In September 2015, the CIA estimated that 30,000 foreign fighters had joined IS.<a href="#cite_note-299">[297]</a> According to Abu Hajjar, a former senior leader of IS, foreign fighters receive food, petrol and housing, but unlike native Iraqi or Syrian fighters, they do not receive payment in wages.<a href="#cite_note-300">[298]</a> Since 2012, more than 3,000 people from the central Asian countries have gone to Syria, Iraq or Afghanistan to join the Islamic State or <a href="/wiki/Jabhat_Al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabhat Al-Nusra">Jabhat al Nusra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-301">[299]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conventional_weapons"> Conventional weapons</h4></div> IS relies mostly on captured weapons with major sources including <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s Iraqi stockpiles from the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%9311)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)">2003–11 Iraq insurgency</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[300]</a> and weapons from government and opposition forces fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a> and during the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–present)">post-US withdrawal Iraqi insurgency</a>. The captured weapons, including armour, guns, surface-to-air missiles, and even some aircraft, enabled rapid territorial growth and facilitated the capture of additional equipment.<a href="#cite_note-303">[301]</a> For example, IS captured US-made <a href="/wiki/BGM-71_TOW" title="BGM-71 TOW">TOW anti-tank missiles</a> supplied by the United States and Saudi Arabia to the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-304">[302]</a> Ninety percent of the group's weapons ultimately originated in China, Russia or <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Conflict_Armament_Research" title="Conflict Armament Research">Conflict Armament Research</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[303]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-conventional_weapons">Non-conventional weapons</h4></div> The group uses truck and <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">car bombs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombers" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombers">suicide bombers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">IEDs</a>, and has used <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapon" title="Chemical weapon">chemical weapons</a> in Iraq and Syria.<a href="#cite_note-306">[304]</a> IS captured nuclear materials from <a href="/wiki/Mosul_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosul University">Mosul University</a> in July 2014, but is unlikely to be able to convert them into weapons.<a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a> In September 2015 a US official stated that IS was manufacturing and using <a href="/wiki/Mustard_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustard agent">mustard agent</a> in Syria and Iraq, and had an active chemical weapons research team.<a href="#cite_note-308">[306]</a> IS has also used water as a weapon of war. The group closed the gates of the smaller Nuaimiyah dam in Fallujah in April 2014, flooding the surrounding regions, while cutting the water supply to the <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a>-dominated south. Around 12,000 families lost their homes and 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi) of villages and fields were either flooded or dried up. The economy of the region also suffered with destruction of cropland and electricity shortages.<a href="#cite_note-309">[307]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–17)">Battle of Mosul</a>, commercially available <a href="/wiki/Quadcopter" title="Quadcopter">quadcopters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a> were being used by IS as surveillance and weapons delivery platforms using improvised cradles to drop grenades and other explosives.<a href="#cite_note-310">[308]</a> One IS drone base was struck and destroyed by two Royal Air Force <a href="/wiki/Panavia_Tornado" title="Panavia Tornado">Tornado</a> using two <a href="/wiki/Paveway_IV" title="Paveway IV">Paveway IV</a> guided bombs.<a href="#cite_note-311">[309]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women">Women</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Brides_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Brides of the Islamic State">Brides of the Islamic State</a></div> IS publishes material directed at women, with media groups encouraging them to play supportive roles within IS, such as providing first aid, cooking, nursing and sewing skills, in order to become <a href="/wiki/Brides_of_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Brides of ISIL">"good wives of jihad"</a>.<a href="#cite_note-312">[310]</a> In 2015, it was estimated that western women made up over 550, or 10%, of IS's western foreign fighters.<a href="#cite_note-313">[311]</a> Until 2016, women were generally confined to a "women's house" upon arrival which they were forbidden to leave. These houses were often small, dirty and infested with vermin and food supply was scarce. There they remained until they either had found a husband, or the husband they arrived with had completed his training. After being allowed to leave the confinement, women still generally spent most of their days indoors where their lives are devoted to caring for their husbands and the vast majority of women in the conflict area have children. Mothers play an important role passing on IS ideology to their children. Widows are encouraged to remarry.<a href="#cite_note-314">[312]</a> In a document entitled Women in the Islamic State: Manifesto and Case Study released by the media wing of IS's all-female <a href="/wiki/Al-Khansaa_Brigade" title="Al-Khansaa Brigade">Al-Khanssaa Brigade</a>, emphasis is given to the paramount importance of marriage and motherhood (as early as nine years old). Women should live a life of "sedentariness", fulfilling her "divine duty of motherhood" at home, with a few exceptions like teachers and doctors.<a href="#cite_note-315">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-quilliam-women-316">[314]</a> Equality for women is opposed, as is education on non-religious subjects, the "worthless worldly sciences".<a href="#cite_note-quilliam-women-316">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communications">Communications</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_use_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Mass media use by the Islamic State">Mass media use by the Islamic State</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances">Finances</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Finances_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Finances of the Islamic State">Finances of the Islamic State</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Kuwait and state-sponsored terrorism">Kuwait and state-sponsored terrorism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Qatar and state-sponsored terrorism">Qatar and state-sponsored terrorism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oil_production_and_smuggling_in_the_Islamic_State" title="Oil production and smuggling in the Islamic State">Oil production and smuggling in the Islamic State</a></div> According to a 2015 study by the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Action_Task_Force" title="Financial Action Task Force">Financial Action Task Force</a>, IS's five primary sources of revenue are as follows (listed in order of significance): <ul><li>proceeds from the occupation of territory (including control of banks, petroleum reservoirs, taxation, extortion, and robbery of economic assets)</li> <li>kidnapping for ransom<a href="#cite_note-317">[315]</a></li> <li>donations from <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Gulf states</a>, often disguised as meant for "humanitarian charity"</li> <li>material support provided by foreign fighters</li> <li>fundraising through modern communication networks<a href="#cite_note-FATF-318">[316]</a></li></ul> Since 2012, IS has produced annual reports giving numerical information on its operations, somewhat in the style of corporate reports, seemingly in a bid to encourage potential donors.<a href="#cite_note-ft-20140617-319">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[318]</a> In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a> analysed IS's funding sources from documents captured between 2005 and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-ISIfunding-321">[319]</a> It found that outside donations amounted to only 5% of the group's operating budgets,<a href="#cite_note-ISIfunding-321">[319]</a> and that cells inside Iraq were required to send up to 20% of the income generated from kidnapping, extortion rackets and other activities to the next level of the group's leadership, which would then redistribute the funds to provincial or local cells that were in difficulties or needed money to conduct attacks.<a href="#cite_note-ISIfunding-321">[319]</a> In 2016, RAND estimated that IS finances from its largest source of income — oil revenues and the taxes it extracts from people under its control — had fallen from about US$1.9 billion in 2014 to US$870 million in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-322">[320]</a> In mid-2014, the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_National_Intelligence_Service" title="Iraqi National Intelligence Service">Iraqi National Intelligence Service</a> obtained information that IS had assets worth US$2 billion,<a href="#cite_note-323">[321]</a> making it the richest jihadist group in the world.<a href="#cite_note-324">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[323]</a> About three-quarters of this sum was said to looted from Mosul's central bank and commercial banks in the city.<a href="#cite_note-326">[324]</a> However, doubt was later cast on whether IS was able to retrieve anywhere near that sum from the central bank,<a href="#cite_note-327">[325]</a> and even on whether the looting had actually occurred.<a href="#cite_note-328">[326]</a> In 2022 the company <a href="/wiki/Lafarge_(company)" title="Lafarge (company)">Lafarge</a> was found guilty in paying IS for the operation of its facilities. "In 2013-2014 the company transferred $6,000,000 to ISIL so they could continue company operations. This allowed the company to earn $70 million in sales revenue from a plant it operated in northern Syria, prosecutors said." Lafarge, which merged with <a href="/wiki/Holcim" title="Holcim">Holcim</a> in 2015, agreed to pay $778 million in forfeiture and fines as part of a plea agreement not to be convicted and sentenced to prison for providing material support to a terrorist organization. No Lafarge executives were charged in the United States, while French authorities arrested some of the executives involved but didn't provide names. The U.S. court lists six unnamed Lafarge executives. Lafarge evacuated the cement plant in September 2014, Afterwards IS took possession of the remaining cement and sold it for an estimated $3.21 million. <a href="/w/index.php?title=SIX_Swiss_Exchange_trading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SIX Swiss Exchange trading (page does not exist)">SIX Swiss Exchange trading</a> suspended trading for Holcim shares before the news became public. After trading resumed shares rose by 3.2%.<a href="#cite_note-329">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Monetary_system">Monetary system</h4></div> IS attempted to create a <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_dinar" title="Islamic State dinar">modern gold dinar</a> by minting gold, silver, and copper coins, based on the <a href="/wiki/Gold_dinar" title="Gold dinar">coinage</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> in the seventh century.<a href="#cite_note-330">[328]</a> Despite a propaganda push for the currency, adoption appeared to have been minimal and its internal economy was effectively <a href="/wiki/Dollarised" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollarised">dollarised</a>, even with regards to its own fines.<a href="#cite_note-331">[329]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education">Education</h4></div> The education in IS held territory was organised by the Diwan of Education.<a href="#cite_note-Qaddour_2017-10-13-332">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-Education_in_Mosul-333">[331]</a> IS introduced its own curriculum which did not include lessons in history, music, geography or art, but included lectures in Islamic Law, <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Education_in_Mosul-333">[331]</a> The Diwan of Education was often in competition with the Diwan of Outreach and Mosques which organised educational centres focused on the sharia.<a href="#cite_note-Qaddour_2017-10-13-332">[330]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History"> History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State" title="History of the Islamic State">History of the Islamic State</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AIslamic_State&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Protected+edit+request+on+29+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+fully-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Islamic+State">making an edit request</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> . (October 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks mw-collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:100%;"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Category:History of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State" title="History of the Islamic State">History of the Islamic State</a></th> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/100px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/150px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/200px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> (1999‑2004) <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a> (2004‑2006) <a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Jaysh_Ahl_al-Sunnah_wa-l-Jamaah" title="Jamaat Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah">Jama'at Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jama'ah</a> (2004‑2006) <a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Ta%27ifa_al-Mansurah" title="Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah">Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah</a> (2004‑2006) <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a> (2006) <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> (2006‑2013) <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State#Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_(2013–14)" title="History of the Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (2013‑2014) <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islamic State</a> (2014‑present)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border: 1px solid #000000; font:#FFFFFF;"> By topic</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Administrative_organization" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_beheading_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State beheading incidents">Beheadings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_fields_in_Libya_claimed_by_the_Islamic_State" title="List of oil fields in Libya claimed by the Islamic State">Claimed oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">Destruction of cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Ideology of the Islamic State">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_flag" title="Jihadist flag">Jihadist flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_activity_of_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Military activity of the Islamic State">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">List of battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Territorial claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Timeline of terrorist incidents</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Category</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Template:History of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Template talk:History of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNOfficeofHumanitarianCoordinator-Baghdad_(UN_DF-SD-04-02188).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/UNOfficeofHumanitarianCoordinator-Baghdad_%28UN_DF-SD-04-02188%29.jpg/220px-UNOfficeofHumanitarianCoordinator-Baghdad_%28UN_DF-SD-04-02188%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/UNOfficeofHumanitarianCoordinator-Baghdad_%28UN_DF-SD-04-02188%29.jpg/330px-UNOfficeofHumanitarianCoordinator-Baghdad_%28UN_DF-SD-04-02188%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/UNOfficeofHumanitarianCoordinator-Baghdad_%28UN_DF-SD-04-02188%29.jpg/440px-UNOfficeofHumanitarianCoordinator-Baghdad_%28UN_DF-SD-04-02188%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>The UN headquarters building in Baghdad after the <a href="/wiki/Canal_Hotel_bombing" title="Canal Hotel bombing">Canal Hotel bombing</a>, on 22 August 2003</figcaption></figure> The group was founded in 1999 by Jordanian <a href="/wiki/Salafist_jihadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafist jihadism">Salafi jihadist</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a> under the name <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'The Organisation of Monotheism and Jihad').<a href="#cite_note-winepJune14-160">[160]</a> In a letter published by the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority" title="Coalition Provisional Authority">Coalition Provisional Authority</a> in February 2004, Zarqawi wrote that jihadis should use bombings to start an open <a href="/wiki/Sectarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sectarian">sectarian</a> war so that Sunnis from the Islamic world would mobilise against assassinations carried out by <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Brigade</a>, against <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athists" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'athists">Ba'athists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnis">Sunnis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-334">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-ANF-336">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[338]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">excessive citations</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territorial_control_and_claims"> Territorial control and claims</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_territorial_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State territorial claims">Islamic State territorial claims</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/220px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/330px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/440px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="4501" data-file-height="3439" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">IS territory</a>, in grey, at the time of its greatest territorial extent (May 2015).<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_2015-05-15-44">[44]</a><div style="text-align: left;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Map legend</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Islamic State</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Iraq" title="Federal government of Iraq">Iraqi government</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Syrian government</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Lebanese government</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a> forces</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Syrian Kurdistan forces</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a> forces</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Note: Iraq and Syria contain large desert areas with sparse populations. These areas are mapped as under the control of forces holding roads and towns within them.</li></ul> </div></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libyan_Civil_War.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Libyan_Civil_War.png/220px-Libyan_Civil_War.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Libyan_Civil_War.png/330px-Libyan_Civil_War.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Libyan_Civil_War.png/440px-Libyan_Civil_War.png 2x" data-file-width="1597" data-file-height="1533" /></a><figcaption>Military situation in Libya in early 2016: <a href="/wiki/File:Location_dot_grey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Location_dot_grey.svg/11px-Location_dot_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Location_dot_grey.svg/17px-Location_dot_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Location_dot_grey.svg/22px-Location_dot_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Location_dot_black.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/11px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/17px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/22px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a> IS</figcaption></figure> As a self-proclaimed worldwide <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a>, IS claims religious, political and military authority over all Muslims worldwide,<a href="#cite_note-What_does_ISIS'_declaration_of_a_caliphate_mean-174">[172]</a> and that "the legality of all emirates, groups, states, and organisations, becomes null by the expansion of the khilāfah's [caliphate's] authority and arrival of its troops to their areas".<a href="#cite_note-Johnson14-240">[238]</a> In Iraq and Syria, IS used many of those countries' existing <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Iraq" title="Administrative divisions of Iraq">governorate boundaries</a> to subdivide territory it conquered and claimed; it called these divisions <a href="/wiki/Wilayah" title="Wilayah">wilayah</a> or provinces.<a href="#cite_note-341">[339]</a> By June 2015, IS had also established official "provinces" in Libya, Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Algeria, Afghanistan,<a href="#cite_note-342">[340]</a> Pakistan, Nigeria and the North Caucasus.<a href="#cite_note-343">[341]</a> IS received pledges of allegiance and published media releases via groups in Somalia,<a href="#cite_note-344">[342]</a> Bangladesh,<a href="#cite_note-345">[343]</a> Indonesia, Myanmar,<a href="#cite_note-346">[344]</a> Thailand<a href="#cite_note-347">[345]</a> and the Philippines,<a href="#cite_note-348">[346]</a> but it has not announced any further official branches, instead identifying new affiliates as simply "soldiers of the caliphate".<a href="#cite_note-349">[347]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png/220px-Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png/330px-Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png/440px-Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption> IS's capital <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> suffered extensive damage during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">battle of Raqqa</a> in June–October 2017</figcaption></figure> At its peak, IS was sometimes described as a <a href="/wiki/Quasi-state" title="Quasi-state">quasi-state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Theocratic_State-350">[348]</a> By March 2019, IS had lost most of its territory in its former core areas in Syria and Iraq, and was reduced to a desert pocket as well as insurgent cells.<a href="#cite_note-351">[349]</a> Through late 2020 and early 2021, IS African affiliates had once again seized territory and settlements in conflicts such as the <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a>, in Nigeria and the <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a>, in Mozambique. Notable takeovers by IS include <a href="/wiki/Moc%C3%ADmboa_da_Praia_offensive" title="Mocímboa da Praia offensive">Mocímboa da Praia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sambisa_Forest_(2021)" title="Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)">Sambisa Forest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-352">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[351]</a> On 17 November 2021, IS supporters urged establishment of "New Provinces" in Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-354">[352]</a> In October 2022, IS's Sahel province captured the rural committee and town of <a href="/wiki/Ansongo" title="Ansongo">Ansongo</a> in Mali.<a href="#cite_note-355">[353]</a> In 2023/2024, IS still holds a large territory in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-C-T-K-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrisis_Group20242,_6-168">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_reaction"> International reaction</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_criticism">International criticism</h3></div> The group has attracted widespread criticism internationally for its extremism, from governments and international bodies such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. On 24 September 2014, <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">United Nations Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> stated: "As Muslim leaders around the world have said, groups like ISIL – or Da'ish – have nothing to do with <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, and they certainly do not represent a state. They should more fittingly be called the 'Un-Islamic Non-State'."<a href="#cite_note-356">[354]</a> ISIL has been classified a <a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of designated terrorist organizations">terrorist organisation</a> by the United Nations, the European Union and its member states, the United States, Russia, India, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and many other countries. Over 60 countries are directly or indirectly waging war against ISIL (see <a href="#Countries_and_groups_at_war_with_IS">§ Countries and groups at war with IS</a>). The group was described as a <a href="/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">cult</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a> column by notable cult authority <a href="/wiki/Steven_Hassan" title="Steven Hassan">Steven Hassan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-357">[355]</a> Twitter has removed many accounts used to spread IS propaganda, and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> developed a "Redirect Method" which identifies individuals searching for IS-related material and redirects them to content which challenges IS narratives.<a href="#cite_note-358">[356]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_criticism">Islamic criticism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Letter_to_Baghdadi" title="Letter to Baghdadi">Letter to Baghdadi</a></div> The group's declaration of a caliphate has been criticised and its legitimacy has been disputed by Middle Eastern governments, by <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslim">Sunni Muslim</a> theologians and historians as well as other jihadist groups.<a href="#cite_note-359">[357]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religious_leaders_and_organisations">Religious leaders and organisations</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Kharijites</a></div> Around the world, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_leaders" title="Islamic religious leaders">Islamic religious leaders</a> have overwhelmingly condemned ISIL's ideology and actions, arguing that the group has strayed from the path of true Islam and that its actions do not reflect the religion's real teachings or virtues.<a href="#cite_note-ns10Mar2015-360">[358]</a> Extremism within Islam goes back to the seventh century, to the <a href="/wiki/Khawarij" class="mw-redirect" title="Khawarij">Khawarijes</a>. From their essentially political position, the Kharijites developed extreme doctrines which set them apart from both mainstream Sunni and Shia Muslims. They were particularly noted for adopting a radical approach to <a href="/wiki/Takfir" title="Takfir">takfir</a>, whereby they declared other Muslims to be unbelievers and therefore deemed worthy of death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi2015xvii–xviii-361">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-SheemaKhan-362">[360]</a> Other scholars have also described the group not as Sunnis, but as Khawarij.<a href="#cite_note-SheemaKhan-362">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi2015xvii–xviii,_see_also_p.8-363">[361]</a> Sunni critics, including <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi</a> and jihadist <a href="/wiki/Muftis" class="mw-redirect" title="Muftis">muftis</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Aroor" title="Adnan al-Aroor">Adnan al-Aroor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Basir_al-Tartusi" title="Abu Basir al-Tartusi">Abu Basir al-Tartusi</a>, say that ISIL and related terrorist groups are not Sunnis, but are instead modern-day Kharijites (Muslims who have stepped outside the mainstream of Islam) serving an imperial anti-Islamic agenda.<a href="#cite_note-econ140906-364">[362]</a> ISIS has been <a href="/wiki/Takfir" title="Takfir">excommunicated</a> from Islam by a number of scholars. Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Yaqoubi" title="Muhammad al-Yaqoubi">Muhammad al-Yaqoubi</a> enumerated in his book, <a href="/wiki/Refuting_ISIS" title="Refuting ISIS">Refuting ISIS</a>, that their form of Kharijism has removed them from Islam and fighting them is a religious duty, stating: "ISIS' leaders are people of unbelief and misguidance, and Muslims should not be lured by their jihad or deceived by their propaganda, as their actions speak louder than their words."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi201575–80-365">[363]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_ibn_Baz" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz">Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz</a>, the former Grand Mufti of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, also stated that Kharijites are not Muslims, saying: "the majority are of the opinion that they are disobedient and misguided innovators, though they do not deem them unbelievers. However, the correct opinion is that they are unbelievers."<a href="#cite_note-366">[364]</a> In late August 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti" title="Grand Mufti">Grand Mufti</a> of Saudi Arabia, <a href="/wiki/Abdul-Aziz_ibn_Abdullah_Al_ash-Sheikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Al ash-Sheikh">Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Al ash-Sheikh</a>, condemned ISIL and <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> saying, "Extremist and militant ideas and terrorism which spread decay on Earth, destroying human civilization, are not in any way part of Islam, but are enemy number one of Islam, and Muslims are their first victims".<a href="#cite_note-367">[365]</a> In late September 2014, 126 Sunni <a href="/wiki/Imams" class="mw-redirect" title="Imams">imams</a> and Islamic scholars—primarily <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[366]</a>—from around the Muslim world signed an <a href="/wiki/Open_letter" title="Open letter">open letter</a> to the Islamic State's leader al-Baghdadi, explicitly rejecting and refuting his group's interpretations of Islamic scriptures, the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>, which it used in order to justify its actions.<a href="#cite_note-369">[367]</a> "[You] have misinterpreted Islam into a religion of harshness, brutality, torture and murder ... this is a great wrong and an offence to Islam, to Muslims and to the entire world", the letter states.<a href="#cite_note-OpenLetToAlBagh-370">[368]</a> It rebukes the Islamic State for its killing of prisoners, describing the killings as "heinous <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a>" and its persecution of the <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a> of Iraq as "abominable". Referring to the "self-described 'Islamic State'", the letter censures the group for carrying out killings and acts of brutality under the guise of <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a>—holy struggle—saying that its "sacrifice" without legitimate cause, goals and intention "is not jihad at all, but rather, warmongering and criminality".<a href="#cite_note-OpenLetToAlBagh-370">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[369]</a> It also accuses the group of instigating <a href="/wiki/Fitna_(word)" title="Fitna (word)">fitna</a>—sedition—by instituting slavery under its rule in contravention of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_slavery#Modern_interpretations" title="Islamic views on slavery">anti-slavery consensus</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Islamic scholarly community</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OpenLetToAlBagh-370">[368]</a> The group's persecution of Shia Muslims has also been condemned.<a href="#cite_note-Qurayshi-snitched-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-DW.COM_AI-373">[371]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg/220px-Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg/330px-Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg/440px-Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Pro-<a href="/wiki/YPG" class="mw-redirect" title="YPG">YPG</a> demonstration against ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria, 10 October 2014</figcaption></figure> The current <a href="/wiki/Grand_Imam_of_al-Azhar" title="Grand Imam of al-Azhar">Grand Imam of al-Azhar</a> and former president of <a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University" title="Al-Azhar University">al-Azhar University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_el-Tayeb" title="Ahmed el-Tayeb">Ahmed el-Tayeb</a>, has strongly condemned the Islamic State, stating that it is acting "under the guise of this holy religion and have given themselves the name 'Islamic State' in an attempt to export their false Islam".<a href="#cite_note-374">[372]</a> Citing the Quran, he stated: "The punishment for those who wage war against God and his Prophet and who strive to sow corruption on earth is death, crucifixion, the severing of hands and feet on opposite sides or banishment from the land. This is the disgrace for them in this world and in the hereafter, they will receive grievous torment." Although el-Tayeb has been criticised for not expressly stating that the Islamic State is <a href="/wiki/Heretical" class="mw-redirect" title="Heretical">heretical</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AhramRenewal-375">[373]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a> school of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theology">Islamic theology</a>, to which el-Tayeb belongs, does not allow calling a person who follows the <a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">shahada</a> an <a href="/wiki/Apostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostate">apostate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AhramRenewal-375">[373]</a> El-Tayeb has strongly come out against the practice of <a href="/wiki/Takfirism" class="mw-redirect" title="Takfirism">takfirism</a> (declaring a Muslim an apostate) which is used by the Islamic State to "judge and accuse anyone who doesn't tow their line with apostasy and outside the realm of the faith" declaring "<a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> on peaceful Muslims" using "flawed interpretations of some Qur'anic texts, the prophet's Sunna, and the Imams' views believing incorrectly, that they are leaders of Muslim armies fighting infidel peoples, in unbelieving lands".<a href="#cite_note-376">[374]</a> In late December 2015, nearly 70,000 Indian Muslim clerics associated with the Indian <a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a> movement issued a <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwa</a> condemning ISIL and similar organisations, saying they are "not Islamic organisations". Approximately 1.5 million Sunni Muslim followers of this movement have formally decried violent extremists.<a href="#cite_note-377">[375]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Hasan" title="Mehdi Hasan">Mehdi Hasan</a>, a political journalist in the UK, said in the <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Whether Sunni or Shia, Salafi or Sufi, conservative or liberal, Muslims – and Muslim leaders – have almost unanimously condemned and denounced ISIL not merely as un-Islamic but actively anti-Islamic.<a href="#cite_note-ns10Mar2015-360">[358]</a> </blockquote> Hassan Hassan, an analyst at the Delma Institute, wrote in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> that because the Islamic State "bases its teachings on religious texts that mainstream Muslim clerics do not want to deal with head on, new recruits leave the camp feeling that they have stumbled on the true message of Islam".<a href="#cite_note-guardian-traincamp-257">[255]</a> Theologian and Qatar-based TV broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a> stated: "[The] declaration issued by the Islamic State is void under <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> and has dangerous consequences for the Sunnis in Iraq and for the revolt in Syria", adding that the title of caliph can "only be given by the entire Muslim nation", not by a single group.<a href="#cite_note-378">[376]</a> He also stated on his official website "<a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> (UAE) and the leaders of Daesh (ISIS/ISIL) terrorist group are from one species and they are two sides of the same coin".<a href="#cite_note-379">[377]</a> In a similar vein, the Syrian <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Islamic scholar</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Yaqoubi" title="Muhammad al-Yaqoubi">Muhammad al-Yaqoubi</a> says, "[t]he followers of ISIS do not want to adhere to Islamic law but rather they want to twist Islamic law to conform to their fantasies. To this end, they pick and choose the evidences that corroborate their misguidance, despite being weak or abrogated."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi201537-380">[378]</a> Academics <a href="/wiki/Robyn_Creswell" title="Robyn Creswell">Robyn Creswell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Haykel" title="Bernard Haykel">Bernard Haykel</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> have criticised ISIL's execution of Muslims for breach of traditional <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> law while violating it simultaneously themselves (encouraging women to emigrate to its territory, travelling without a <a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a>—male guardian—and in violation of his wishes).<a href="#cite_note-381">[379]</a> as well as its love of archaic imagery (horsemen and swords) while engaging in <a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">bid'ah</a> (religious innovation) in establishing female religious police (known as <a href="/wiki/Al-Khansaa_Brigade" title="Al-Khansaa Brigade">Al-Khansaa Brigade</a>).<a href="#cite_note-382">[380]</a> Two days after the beheading of <a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Gourdel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hervé Gourdel">Hervé Gourdel</a>, hundreds of Muslims gathered in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_of_Paris" title="Grand Mosque of Paris">Grand Mosque of Paris</a> to show solidarity against the beheading. The protest was led by the leader of the <a href="/wiki/French_Council_of_the_Muslim_Faith" title="French Council of the Muslim Faith">French Council of the Muslim Faith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalil_Boubakeur" title="Dalil Boubakeur">Dalil Boubakeur</a>, and was joined by thousands of other Muslims around the country under the slogan "Not in my name".<a href="#cite_note-ibt-09-28-383">[381]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] French president <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> said Gourdel's beheading was "cowardly" and "cruel", and confirmed that airstrikes would continue against ISIL in Iraq. Hollande also called for three days of national mourning, with flags flown at half-mast throughout the country and said that security would be increased throughout Paris.<a href="#cite_note-ibt-09-28-383">[381]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_jihadist_groups"> Other jihadist groups</h4></div> According to <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, "All of the most influential jihadist theorists are criticising the Islamic State as deviant, calling its self-proclaimed caliphate null and void" and they have denounced it for its beheadings of journalists<a href="#cite_note-384">[382]</a> and aid workers.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_NYT-229">[227]</a> ISIL is widely denounced by a broad range of Islamic clerics, including Saudi and al-Qaeda-oriented clerics.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost_Wahhabi-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIS_NYT-229">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Yaqoubi" title="Muhammad al-Yaqoubi">Muhammad al-Yaqoubi</a> states, "It is enough of a proof of the extreme ideology of ISIS that the top leaders of Salafi-Jihadism have disclaimed it."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi201519-385">[383]</a> Other critics of ISIL's brand of Sunni Islam include Salafists who previously publicly supported jihadist groups such as al-Qaeda: for example, the Saudi government official <a href="/wiki/Saleh_Al-Fawzan" title="Saleh Al-Fawzan">Saleh Al-Fawzan</a>, known for his extremist views, who claims that ISIL is a creation of "Zionists, Crusaders and Safavids", and the Jordanian-Palestinian writer <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Maqdisi" title="Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi">Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi</a>, the former spiritual mentor to <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a>, who was released from prison in Jordan in June 2014 and accused ISIL of driving a wedge between Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-econ140906-364">[362]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_(Syria)" title="Islamic Front (Syria)">Islamic Front</a> <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> court judge in Aleppo, Mohamed Najeeb Bannan, stated: "The legal reference is the Islamic Sharia. The cases are different, from robberies to drug use, to moral crimes. It's our duty to look at any crime that comes to us... After the regime has fallen, we believe that the Muslim majority in Syria will ask for an Islamic state. Of course, it's very important to point out that some say the Islamic Sharia will cut off people's hands and heads, but it only applies to criminals. And to start off by killing, crucifying etc. That is not correct at all." In response to being asked what the difference between the Islamic Front's and ISIL's version of sharia would be, he said, "One of their mistakes is before the regime has fallen, and before they've established what in Sharia is called Tamkeen [having a stable state], they started applying Sharia, thinking God gave them permission to control the land and establish a Caliphate. This goes against the beliefs of religious scholars around the world. This is what [IS] did wrong. This is going to cause a lot of trouble. Anyone who opposes [IS] will be considered against Sharia and will be severely punished."<a href="#cite_note-386">[384]</a> Al-Qaeda and al-Nusra have been trying to take advantage of ISIL's rise, by attempting to present themselves as "moderate" compared to "extremist" ISIL, although they have the same aim of establishing sharia and a caliphate, but doing so in a more gradual manner.<a href="#cite_note-387">[385]</a> Al-Nusra has criticised the way in which ISIL fully and immediately institutes sharia in the areas that fall under its control, since it alienates people too much. It supports the gradual, slower approach favoured by al-Qaeda, preparing society to accept sharia and indoctrinating people through education before implementing the <a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">hudud</a> aspects in sharia, which they believe supports punishments such as throwing homosexuals from the top of buildings, chopping limbs off, and public stoning.<a href="#cite_note-Joscelyn_2015-09-242">[240]</a> Al-Nusra and ISIL are both hostile towards the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>. However, while al-Nusra has typically destroyed Druze shrines and pressured them to convert to Sunni Islam, ISIL regards the entire Druze community as a valid target for violence, as it does the <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-388">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[387]</a> In February 2014, <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a>, the leader of Al-Qaeda, announced that his group <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> had cut ties with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and denounced ISIL after being unable to reconcile a conflict between them and the al-Qaeda affiliate <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">al-Nusra Front</a>.<a href="#cite_note-390">[388]</a> In September 2015, <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a>, the leader of al-Qaeda, called for consultation (<a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">shura</a>) within the "prophetic method" to be used when establishing the caliphate, criticising al-Baghdadi for not following the required steps. Al-Zawahiri has called upon ISIL members to close ranks and join al-Qaeda in fighting against Assad, the <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a>, Russia, Europe, and America and to stop the infighting between jihadist groups. He called upon jihadists to establish Islamic entities in Egypt and the Levant, slowly implementing sharia before establishing a caliphate, and has called for violent assaults against America and the West.<a href="#cite_note-391">[389]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Islam" title="Jaysh al-Islam">Jaysh al-Islam</a> group within the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_(Syria)" title="Islamic Front (Syria)">Islamic Front</a> criticised ISIL, saying: "They killed the people of Islam and leave the idol worshippers ... They use the verses talking about the disbelievers and implement it on the Muslims".<a href="#cite_note-392">[390]</a> The main criticism of defectors from ISIL has been that the group is fighting and killing other Sunni Muslims,<a href="#cite_note-393">[391]</a> as opposed to just non-Sunnis being brutalised.<a href="#cite_note-394">[392]</a> In one case, a supposed defector from ISIL executed two activists of a Syrian opposition group in Turkey who had sheltered them.<a href="#cite_note-395">[393]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_commentaries">Other commentaries</h3></div> Scholar <a href="/wiki/Ian_Almond" title="Ian Almond">Ian Almond</a> criticised the media commentators, the lack of balance in reporting, and the "way we are learning to talk about ISIS." While there was talk about 'radical evil' and 'radical Islam', Almond found it striking because "some of the most revered and oft-quoted figures in our Western political tradition have been capable of the most vicious acts of savagery – and yet all we ever hear about is how much the Middle East has to learn from us." Almond goes on to cite how <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> "wanted to gas women and children", how <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s Central American policies "disembowelled more children than ISIS," how President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s "planes and drones have dropped bombs on as many schoolchildren as ISIS," how former secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a> commented on the deaths of Iraqi children killed by sanctions, how <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> "assisted in the torture and disappearance of thousands of Chilean students and labour activists... For anyone familiar with the history of both U.S. and European torture and murder over the past 150 years, it might not be all that hyperbolic to say that in ISIS, what we see more than anything else is a more expansive, explicit version of our own cruelties. In bombing ISIS and its would-be imperialism, we are really bombing a version of ourselves."<a href="#cite_note-396">[394]</a> Author and commentator <a href="/wiki/Tom_Engelhardt" title="Tom Engelhardt">Tom Engelhardt</a> attributed the rise of ISIL and the destruction that followed to what he dubbed as America's drive to establish its own caliphate in the region.<a href="#cite_note-397">[395]</a> A leader article in the <a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a> magazine contextualised ISIL within the <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation state</a> construct. Although the group is described as medieval in the pejorative sense, "it is also hyper-modern, interested in few of the trappings of a conventional state apart from its own brutal brand of law enforcement. In fact, it is more of a network than a nation, having made canny use of social media to exert influence far beyond its geographical base."<a href="#cite_note-398">[396]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Designation_as_a_terrorist_organisation">Designation as a terrorist organisation</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">List of designated terrorist groups</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorism</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Organisation</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Body</th> <th>References </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background: silver; font-weight:bold; text-align:center;">Multinational organisations </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> United Nations</td> <td>18 October 2004 (as <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">al-Qaeda in Iraq</a>) 30 May 2013 (after separation from <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al‑Qaeda</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-399">[397]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> European Union</td> <td>2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">EU Council</a> (via adoption of UN al-Qaeda Sanctions List)</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-berghof-foundation.org-400">[398]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background: silver; font-weight:bold; text-align:center;">Nations </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> United Kingdom</td> <td>March 2001 (as part of al-Qaeda) 20 June 2014 (after separation from al‑Qaeda)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-401">[399]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States</td> <td>17 December 2004 (as al-Qaeda in Iraq)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-402">[400]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> Australia</td> <td>2 March 2005 (as al-Qaeda in Iraq) 14 December 2013 (after separation from al‑Qaeda)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Australia">Attorney-General of Australia</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-403">[401]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Canada</td> <td>20 August 2012</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-404">[402]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Iraq </td> <td>10 October 2006 (as <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">al-Qaeda in Iraq</a>) 30 May 2013 (after separation from <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al‑Qaeda</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iraq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iraq)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-405">[403]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Turkey</td> <td>30 October 2013</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly of Turkey</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-406">[404]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Saudi Arabia</td> <td>7 March 2014</td> <td>Royal decree of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">King of Saudi Arabia</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-407">[405]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Indonesia</td> <td>1 August 2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Counter_Terrorism_Agency" title="National Counter Terrorism Agency">National Counter Terrorism Agency (BNPT)</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Indonesia-408">[406]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> United Arab Emirates</td> <td>20 August 2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cabinet of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates Cabinet</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-409">[407]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Malaysia</td> <td>24 September 2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-410">[408]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  Switzerland</td> <td>8 October 2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Swiss Federal Council</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-411">[409]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Egypt</td> <td>30 November 2014</td> <td>The Cairo Court for Urgent Matters</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-412">[410]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> India</td> <td>16 December 2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-413">[411]</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[412]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Russia</td> <td>29 December 2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Russia" title="Supreme Court of Russia">Supreme Court of Russia</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-415">[413]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Kyrgyzstan</td> <td>25 March 2015</td> <td>Kyrgyz State Committee of National Security</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-416">[414]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Singapore</td> <td>23 March 2020</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(Singapore)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (Singapore)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-417">[415]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Syria</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-418">[416]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Jordan</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-419">[417]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> Iran</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-420">[418]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> Trinidad and Tobago </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-421">[419]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Pakistan</td> <td>29 August 2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Ministry_of_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Ministry of Interior">Ministry of Interior</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ET-422">[420]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Japan<a href="#cite_note-424">[c]</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Intelligence_Agency" title="Public Security Intelligence Agency">Public Security Intelligence Agency</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-425">[422]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></td> <td>26 November 2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Bureau_(Taiwan)" title="National Security Bureau (Taiwan)">National Security Bureau</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-426">[423]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Ministry of Public Security</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-427">[424]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td> <td>4 September 2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Venezuela)">National Assembly of Venezuela</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-AsambleaVE-159">[159]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>3 July 2020</td> <td>Via the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Terrorism_Act_of_2020" title="Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020">Anti-Terrorism Act</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-428">[425]</a><a href="#cite_note-429">[426]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-430">[427]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-431">[428]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-432">[429]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-433">[430]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-434">[431]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>3 July 2022 (as <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Taliban-435">[432]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> in its <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1267" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267">Resolution 1267</a> (1999) described <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> and his al-Qaeda associates as operators of a network of <a href="/wiki/Terrorist_training_camp" title="Terrorist training camp">terrorist training camps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-436">[433]</a> The UN's <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaida_and_Taliban_Sanctions_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee">Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee</a> first listed ISIL in its Sanctions List under the name "Al-Qaida in Iraq" on 18 October 2004, as an entity/group associated with al-Qaeda. On 2 June 2014, the group was added to its listing under the name "Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant". The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> adopted the UN Sanctions List in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-berghof-foundation.org-400">[398]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg/220px-Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg/330px-Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg/440px-Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4660" data-file-height="3223" /></a><figcaption>People lay flowers outside the <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_France" title="List of diplomatic missions of France">French embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> in memory of the victims of the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>.</figcaption></figure> Many world leaders and government spokespeople have called ISIL a terrorist group or banned it, without their countries having formally designated it as such. The following are examples: The Government of Germany banned ISIL in September 2014. Activities banned include donations to the group, recruiting fighters, holding ISIL meetings and distributing its propaganda, <a href="/wiki/Strafgesetzbuch_section_86a" title="Strafgesetzbuch section 86a">flying ISIL flags</a>,<a href="#cite_note-437">[434]</a> wearing ISIL symbols and all ISIL activities. "The terror organisation Islamic State is a threat to public safety in Germany as well", said German politician <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re" title="Thomas de Maizière">Thomas de Maizière</a>. He added, "Today's ban is directed solely against terrorists who abuse religion for their criminal goals."<a href="#cite_note-438">[435]</a> Being a member of ISIL is also illegal in accordance with § 129a and § 129b of the <a href="/wiki/Strafgesetzbuch" title="Strafgesetzbuch">German criminal code</a>.<a href="#cite_note-439">[436]</a> In October 2014, Switzerland banned ISIL's activities in the country, including propaganda and financial support of the fighters, with prison sentences as potential penalties.<a href="#cite_note-440">[437]</a> In mid-December 2014, India banned ISIL after the arrest of an operator of a pro-ISIL Twitter account.<a href="#cite_note-441">[438]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Pakistan designated ISIL as a banned organisation in late August 2015, under which all elements expressing sympathy for the group would be blacklisted and sanctioned.<a href="#cite_note-ET-422">[420]</a> After its <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Ulema_gathering" title="Afghanistan Ulema gathering">2022 Ulema gathering</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> banned all Afghans from associating with the local <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province</a> branch of IS in July 2022, and labeled it a "false sect".<a href="#cite_note-Taliban-435">[432]</a> Media sources worldwide have described ISIL as a terrorist organisation.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-181">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes27Aug14-264">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-ft-20140617-319">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-McCoyTop-290">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indonesia-408">[406]</a><a href="#cite_note-442">[439]</a> Following the D-ISIS Ministerial in June 2023, <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Minister Belkin</a> announced Abdallah Makki Muslih al-Rufay’i and Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Ali al-Mainuki, as terrorists under Executive Order 13224.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-443">[440]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Militia,_cult,_territorial_authority,_and_other_classifications">Militia, cult, territorial authority, and other classifications</h4></div> By 2014, ISIL was increasingly being viewed as a <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> in addition to a terrorist group and a <a href="/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">cult</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Time-444">[441]</a> As major Iraqi cities fell to ISIL in June 2014, Jessica Lewis, a former US Army intelligence officer at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War" title="Institute for the Study of War">Institute for the Study of War</a>, described ISIL at that time as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">not a terrorism problem anymore, [but rather] an army on the move in Iraq and Syria, and they are taking terrain. They have shadow governments in and around <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, and they have an aspirational goal to govern. I don't know whether they want to control Baghdad, or if they want to destroy the functions of the Iraqi state, but either way the outcome will be disastrous for Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-Time-444">[441]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_protest_2015_Ankara_bombings_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/London_protest_2015_Ankara_bombings_%282%29.jpg/220px-London_protest_2015_Ankara_bombings_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/London_protest_2015_Ankara_bombings_%282%29.jpg/330px-London_protest_2015_Ankara_bombings_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/London_protest_2015_Ankara_bombings_%282%29.jpg/440px-London_protest_2015_Ankara_bombings_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Supporters of the Turkish Labour Party protesting in London following the <a href="/wiki/2015_Ankara_bombings" title="2015 Ankara bombings">2015 Ankara bombings</a></figcaption></figure> Lewis has called ISIL: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">An advanced military leadership. They have incredible command and control and they have a sophisticated reporting mechanism from the field that can relay tactics and directives up and down the line. They are well-financed, and they have big sources of manpower, not just the foreign fighters, but also prisoner escapees.<a href="#cite_note-Time-444">[441]</a></blockquote> Former US Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Chuck Hagel</a> saw an "imminent threat to every interest we have", but former top counter-terrorism adviser <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Benjamin" title="Daniel Benjamin">Daniel Benjamin</a> derided such talk as a "farce" that panics the public.<a href="#cite_note-445">[442]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Mishra" title="Pankaj Mishra">Pankaj Mishra</a> rejects the idea that the group is a resurgence of medieval Islam, saying instead: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">In actuality, ISIS is the canniest of all traders in the flourishing international economy of disaffection: the most resourceful among all those who offer the security of collective identity to isolated and fearful individuals. It promises, along with others who retail racial, national and religious supremacy, to release the anxiety and frustrations of the private life into the violence of the global.<a href="#cite_note-446">[443]</a></blockquote> On 28 January 2017, then U.S. President Donald Trump issued a National Security Presidential Memorandum which called for a comprehensive plan to destroy ISIL to be formulated by the Defense Department within 30 days.<a href="#cite_note-447">[444]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supporters">Supporters</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaboration with the Islamic State</a></div> A United Nations report from May 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State&action=edit">[update]</a> showed that 25,000 "foreign terrorist fighters" from 100 countries had joined "Islamist" groups, many of them working for IS or al-Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-448">[445]</a> According to a June 2015 <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> report that cited "jihadist ideologues" as a source, 90% of IS's fighters in Iraq were Iraqi, and 70% of its fighters in Syria were Syrian. The article stated that the group had 40,000 fighters and 60,000 supporters across its two primary strongholds in Iraq and Syria.<a href="#cite_note-secret_of_Baghdadi's_success-113">[113]</a> According to scholar <a href="/wiki/Fawaz_Gerges" title="Fawaz Gerges">Fawaz Gerges</a> writing in ISIS: A History, some "30 percent of the senior figures" in IS's military command were former army and police officers from the disbanded Iraqi security forces, turned towards Sunni Islamism and drawn to IS by the US <a href="/wiki/De-Ba%27athification" title="De-Ba'athification">de-Ba'athification</a> policy following the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">US invasion of Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYRoB-7-9-2015-262">[260]</a> A 2014 analysis of 2,195,000 <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic-language</a> social media posts cited by The Guardian had 47% of the postings from Qatar, 35% from Pakistan, 31% from Belgium and almost 24% from the UK classified as supportive of IS.<a href="#cite_note-449">[446]</a> According to a 2015 poll by <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, Muslim populations of various Muslim-majority countries have overwhelmingly negative views of IS, with the highest percentage of those expressing favorable views not exceeding 14%.<a href="#cite_note-450">[447]</a> In most of these countries, concerns about Islamic extremism have been growing.<a href="#cite_note-451">[448]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countries_and_groups_at_war_with_IS">Countries and groups at war with IS</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CountriesAgainstIS.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/CountriesAgainstIS.svg/610px-CountriesAgainstIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="610" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/CountriesAgainstIS.svg/915px-CountriesAgainstIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/CountriesAgainstIS.svg/1220px-CountriesAgainstIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>A map of all state-based opponents of IS <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Non-CJTF State opponents <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Territories held by IS at its late 2015 peak</figcaption></figure> IS's claims to territory have brought it into armed conflict with many governments, militias and other armed groups. International rejection of IS as a terrorist entity and rejection of its claim to even exist have placed it in conflict with countries around the world. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_Coalition_to_Counter_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant">Global Coalition to Counter the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State#International_coalitions_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="International military intervention against the Islamic State">International military intervention against the Islamic State § International coalitions against ISIL</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg/220px-Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg/330px-Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg/440px-Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>Airstrikes in Syria by 24 September 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm/220px--President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="2885" data-mwtitle="President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_October_27_2019.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> announcing the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> on 26 October 2019</figcaption></figure> The Global Coalition to Counter the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also referred to as the Counter-ISIL Coalition or Counter-DAESH Coalition,<a href="#cite_note-452">[449]</a> is a US-led group of nations and <a href="/wiki/Non-state_actor" title="Non-state actor">non-state actors</a> that have committed to "work together under a common, multifaceted, and long-term strategy to degrade and defeat ISIL/Daesh". According to a joint statement issued by 59 national governments and the European Union on 3 December 2014, participants in the Counter-ISIL Coalition are focused on multiple lines of effort:<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-453">[450]</a> <ol><li>Supporting military operations, capacity building, and training;</li> <li>Stopping the flow of foreign terrorist fighters;</li> <li>Cutting off ISIL/Daesh's access to financing and funding;</li> <li>Addressing associated humanitarian relief and crises; and</li> <li>Exposing ISIL/Daesh's true nature (ideological delegitimisation).</li></ol> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a> is the operational name given by the US to military operations against ISIL and Syrian al-Qaeda affiliates. <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve</a> (CJTF–OIR) is co-ordinating the military portion of the response. The <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">GCC</a> are part of the Counter-ISIL Coalition:<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-453">[450]</a> According to the Pentagon, by December 2017 over 80,000 ISIL fighters had been killed in Iraq and Syria by CJTF-OIR airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-once_promised-177">[175]</a> By then the coalition had flown over 170,000 sorties,<a href="#cite_note-454">[451]</a> 75–80% of combat sorties were conducted by the military of the United States, with the other 20–25% by Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Jordan, Belgium, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-455">[452]</a> According to the UK-based monitoring group Airwars, the air strikes and artillery of US-led coalition killed as many as 6,000 civilians in Iraq and Syria by the end of 2017.<a href="#cite_note-456">[453]</a> Lebanon, which the U.S. considers part of the Global Coalition, fought off several <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War_spillover_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon">incursions</a> by ISIL, with the largest engagements taking place from June 2014 to August 2017, when several thousand ISIL fighters invaded from Syria and occupied Lebanese territory. The U.S. and UK-backed <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese Army">Lebanese Army</a> succeeded in repulsing this invasion, killing or capturing over 1,200 ISIL fighters in the process.<a href="#cite_note-457">[454]</a> On 21 December 2019, over 33 Islamist militants were killed in Mali by French forces using attack helicopters, drones and ground troops, alongside the border with Mauritania where an Al-Qaeda-linked group operates.<a href="#cite_note-458">[455]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_state_opponents_not_part_of_the_Counter-ISIL_Coalition">Other state opponents not part of the Counter-ISIL Coalition</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance#Axis_of_resistance_vs._ISIL" title="Axis of Resistance">Axis of Resistance § Axis of resistance vs. ISIL</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberation_of_Palmyra_by_RSII_coalition_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Liberation_of_Palmyra_by_RSII_coalition_%281%29.jpg/220px-Liberation_of_Palmyra_by_RSII_coalition_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Liberation_of_Palmyra_by_RSII_coalition_%281%29.jpg/330px-Liberation_of_Palmyra_by_RSII_coalition_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Liberation_of_Palmyra_by_RSII_coalition_%281%29.jpg/440px-Liberation_of_Palmyra_by_RSII_coalition_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Liberation of Palmyra</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a> in March 2016</figcaption></figure> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> Iran<a href="#cite_note-459">[456]</a> – military advisors, training, ground troops in Iraq and Syria, and air power in Syria, beside Iranian borders (see <a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian intervention in Iraq</a>) <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Sukhoi_Su-34_at_Latakia_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Russian_Sukhoi_Su-34_at_Latakia_%281%29.jpg/220px-Russian_Sukhoi_Su-34_at_Latakia_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Russian_Sukhoi_Su-34_at_Latakia_%281%29.jpg/330px-Russian_Sukhoi_Su-34_at_Latakia_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Russian_Sukhoi_Su-34_at_Latakia_%281%29.jpg/440px-Russian_Sukhoi_Su-34_at_Latakia_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Russian <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-34" title="Sukhoi Su-34">Sukhoi Su-34</a> in Syria</figcaption></figure> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Russia<a href="#cite_note-460">[457]</a> – arms supplier to Iraqi and Syrian governments. Security operations within state borders in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-461">[458]</a> Airstrikes in Syria (see <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War">Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War</a>).<a href="#cite_note-462">[459]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Azerbaijan<a href="#cite_note-463">[460]</a> – security operations within state borders <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Pakistan – Military deployment over <a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Iraq_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi–Iraq barrier">Saudi Arabia-Iraq border</a>. Arresting ISIL figures in Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-464">[461]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Political_Council" title="Supreme Political Council">Supreme Political Council</a>)<a href="#cite_note-465">[462]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> – security operations within state borders (see <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Taliban-435">[432]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_non-state_opponents">Other non-state opponents</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-ISIL_factions" title="Category:Anti-ISIL factions">Category:Anti-ISIL factions</a></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a><a href="#cite_note-winepJune14-160">[160]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham.svg/25px-Flag_of_Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham.svg/38px-Flag_of_Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham.svg/50px-Flag_of_Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="688" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">al-Nusra Front</a><a href="#cite_note-466">[463]</a>—with localised truces and co-operation at times</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a><a href="#cite_note-467">[464]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a><a href="#cite_note-468">[465]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a><a href="#cite_note-469">[466]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a><a href="#cite_note-470">[467]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamas.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a><a href="#cite_note-471">[468]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/35px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/45px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a><a href="#cite_note-472">[469]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg/10px-Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg/16px-Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg/21px-Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="1668" /> <a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Houthis</a><a href="#cite_note-473">[470]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a>—ground troops in Iraqi Kurdistan and in Syrian Kurdistan<a href="#cite_note-474">[471]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg/22px-Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg/33px-Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg/44px-Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="497" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units" title="Nineveh Plain Protection Units">Nineveh Plain Protection Units</a> – an Assyrian Christian militia in the Nineveh Plains in Northern Iraq<a href="#cite_note-475">[472]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Amal_Movement.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Amal_Movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Amal_Movement.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Amal_Movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Amal_Movement.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Amal_Movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /> <a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal Movement</a><a href="#cite_note-alarabi-476">[473]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg/23px-Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg/35px-Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg/45px-Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Resistance" title="Syrian Resistance">Syrian Resistance</a> – Suqur al-Furat<a href="#cite_note-aymennjawad-477">[474]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>]</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg/15px-Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg/23px-Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg/30px-Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1318" data-file-height="1318" /> <a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Quds" title="Liwa al-Quds">Liwa al-Quds</a><a href="#cite_note-478">[475]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas_SSI.svg/17px-Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas_SSI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas_SSI.svg/25px-Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas_SSI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas_SSI.svg/33px-Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas_SSI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="421" /> <a href="/wiki/Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas" title="Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas">Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas_Forces" title="Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces">Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine">Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine</a><a href="#cite_note-479">[476]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Arab_National_Guard.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_National_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Arab_National_Guard.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_National_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Arab_National_Guard.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_National_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Nationalist_Guard" title="Arab Nationalist Guard">Arab Nationalist Guard</a><a href="#cite_note-alaraby-480">[477]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PFLP-GC_Flag.svg/23px-PFLP-GC_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PFLP-GC_Flag.svg/35px-PFLP-GC_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PFLP-GC_Flag.svg/46px-PFLP-GC_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="264" /> <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command</a><a href="#cite_note-raialyoum-481">[478]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Intifada" title="Fatah al-Intifada">Fatah al-Intifada</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Insignia_of_the_Syrian_Revolutionary_Command_Council.svg/23px-Insignia_of_the_Syrian_Revolutionary_Command_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Insignia_of_the_Syrian_Revolutionary_Command_Council.svg/35px-Insignia_of_the_Syrian_Revolutionary_Command_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Insignia_of_the_Syrian_Revolutionary_Command_Council.svg/46px-Insignia_of_the_Syrian_Revolutionary_Command_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1142" data-file-height="737" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Revolutionary_Command_Council" title="Syrian Revolutionary Command Council">Syrian Revolutionary Command Council</a><a href="#cite_note-iraqhurr-482">[479]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Syria)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Syria)">Mujahideen Shura Council (Syria)</a><a href="#cite_note-kassioun-483">[480]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Unified_Military_Command_of_Eastern_Ghouta.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Unified_Military_Command_of_Eastern_Ghouta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Unified_Military_Command_of_Eastern_Ghouta.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Unified_Military_Command_of_Eastern_Ghouta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Unified_Military_Command_of_Eastern_Ghouta.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Unified_Military_Command_of_Eastern_Ghouta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="170" /> <a href="/wiki/Unified_Military_Command_of_Eastern_Ghouta" title="Unified Military Command of Eastern Ghouta">Unified Military Command of Eastern Ghouta</a><a href="#cite_note-al-akhbar-484">[481]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Fatah_Halab_operations_room.jpg/15px-Fatah_Halab_operations_room.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Fatah_Halab_operations_room.jpg/23px-Fatah_Halab_operations_room.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Fatah_Halab_operations_room.jpg/30px-Fatah_Halab_operations_room.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="433" /> <a href="/wiki/Fatah_Halab" title="Fatah Halab">Fatah Halab</a><a href="#cite_note-aa-485">[482]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mare%27_Operations_Room_Insignia.svg/23px-Mare%27_Operations_Room_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mare%27_Operations_Room_Insignia.svg/35px-Mare%27_Operations_Room_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mare%27_Operations_Room_Insignia.svg/46px-Mare%27_Operations_Room_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Mare%27_Operations_Room" title="Mare' Operations Room">Mare' Operations Room</a><a href="#cite_note-alaraby2-486">[483]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Golan_Regiment" title="Golan Regiment">Golan Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-almasdarnews-487">[484]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/35px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/45px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Army" title="Mukhtar Army">Mukhtar Army</a><a href="#cite_note-islamist-movements-488">[485]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrian_Civil_War_map_(November_24,_2023).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Syrian_Civil_War_map_%28November_24%2C_2023%29.svg/230px-Syrian_Civil_War_map_%28November_24%2C_2023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Syrian_Civil_War_map_%28November_24%2C_2023%29.svg/345px-Syrian_Civil_War_map_%28November_24%2C_2023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Syrian_Civil_War_map_%28November_24%2C_2023%29.svg/460px-Syrian_Civil_War_map_%28November_24%2C_2023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Military situation in Syria in March 2020</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a> is a branch of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> operating in Syria. Al-Nusra has launched many attacks and <a href="/wiki/List_of_bombings_during_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bombings during the Syrian Civil War">bombings</a>, mostly against targets affiliated with or supportive of the Syrian government.<a href="#cite_note-489">[486]</a> There have been media reports that many of al-Nusra's foreign fighters have left to join al-Baghdadi's ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-490">[487]</a> In February 2014, after continued tensions, al-Qaeda publicly disavowed any relations with ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-491">[488]</a> However, ISIL and al-Nusra Front still cooperate with each other occasionally when they fight against the Syrian government.<a href="#cite_note-492">[489]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The two groups [ISIL and al-Nusra] share a nihilistic worldview, a loathing for modernity, and for the West. They subscribe to the same perverted interpretations of Islam. Other common traits include a penchant for suicide attacks, and sophisticated exploitation of the internet and social media. Like ISIL, several Al Qaeda franchises are interested in taking and holding territory; AQAP has been much less successful at it. The main differences between Al Qaeda and ISIL are largely political—and personal. Over the past decade, Al Qaeda has twice embraced ISIL (and its previous manifestations) as brothers-in-arms.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Bobby Ghosh, "ISIL and Al Qaeda: Terror's frenemies", <a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a><a href="#cite_note-493">[490]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqi_Civil_War_map_(2014%E2%80%93present).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.png/220px-Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.png/330px-Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.png/440px-Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3360" data-file-height="3436" /></a><figcaption>Military Situation in Iraq in May 2020</figcaption></figure> On 10 September 2015, an audio message was released by al-Qaeda's leader <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> criticising ISIL's self-proclaimed caliphate and accusing it of "sedition". This was described by some media outlets as a "declaration of war".<a href="#cite_note-494">[491]</a> However, although al-Zawahiri denied ISIL's legitimacy, he suggested that there was still room for cooperation against common enemies, and said that if he were in Iraq, he would fight alongside ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-495">[492]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights_abuse_and_war_crime_findings"> Human rights abuse and war crime findings</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mass_executions_in_Islamic_State-occupied_Mosul" title="Mass executions in Islamic State-occupied Mosul">Mass executions in Islamic State-occupied Mosul</a></div> The Islamic State has been widely condemned for crimes against humanity.<a href="#cite_note-496">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-Larson-497">[494]</a> In July 2014, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> reported the United Nations' chief investigator as stating: "Fighters from the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) may be added to a list of war crimes suspects in Syria."<a href="#cite_note-498">[495]</a> By June 2014, according to United Nations reports, ISIL had killed hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-499">[496]</a> In November 2014, the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria said that ISIL was committing <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Larson-497">[494]</a><a href="#cite_note-500">[497]</a> A report by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> in November 2014 accused ISIL groups in <a href="/wiki/2014_ISIL_takeover_of_Derna" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 ISIL takeover of Derna">control of Derna</a>, Libya of <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights abuses">human rights abuses</a> and of terrorising residents. Human Rights Watch documented three apparent <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary executions</a> and at least ten public floggings by the Islamic Youth Shura Council, which joined ISIL in November. It also documented the beheading of three Derna residents and dozens of seemingly politically motivated assassinations of judges, public officials, members of the security forces and others. Sarah Leah Watson, Director of HRW Middle East and North Africa, said: "Commanders should understand that they may face domestic or international prosecution for the grave rights abuses their forces are committing."<a href="#cite_note-501">[498]</a> ISIL members were also reported to perform <a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human sacrifices</a>,<a href="#cite_note-502">[499]</a> despite the act being forbidden in Islam.<a href="#cite_note-503">[500]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">United Nations Commission on Human Rights</a> has stated that the group "seeks to subjugate civilians under its control and dominate every aspect of their lives through terror, indoctrination, and the provision of services to those who obey".<a href="#cite_note-UNRuleOfTerror-288">[286]</a> ISIL and Al-Qaeda were both reported for exploiting <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake">Turkey-Syria earthquake</a> event for their propaganda.<a href="#cite_note-504">[501]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_Body_Count_project" title="Iraq Body Count project">Iraq Body Count project</a>, the Islamic State's fighters killed a minimum of 25,645 Iraqi civilians from 2014 to 2016.<a href="#cite_note-505">[502]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: الدولة الإسلامية, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: al-Dawla al-ʾIslāmiyya </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: داعش, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: Dāʿish </li> <li id="cite_note-424"><a href="#cite_ref-424">^</a> ISIL Tunisia, ISIL Bengal, ISIL Greater Sahara (ISGS), and ISIL East Asia (ISEA) are not considered terrorist organizations by Japan.<a href="#cite_note-423">[421]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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Retrieved 15 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+ISIS+Expands&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft.aulast=Fairfield&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Tim&rft.au=Watkins%2C+Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2015%2F05%2F21%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fhow-isis-expands.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldwell2016" class="citation book cs1">Caldwell, Dan (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DqNaCwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA195">Seeking Security in an Insecure World</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 195. <q>It is a theocratic state that considers itself unbound by the Westphalian principle of sovereignty with its corollaries of nonaggression and nonintervention</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeking+Security+in+an+Insecure+World&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Caldwell&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDqNaCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poljarevic_chapter_2021-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poljarevic_chapter_2021_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poljarevic_chapter_2021_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poljarevic_chapter_2021_46-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoljarevic2021" class="citation book cs1">Poljarevic, Emin (2021). "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". In <a href="/wiki/Carole_M._Cusack" title="Carole M. Cusack">Cusack, Carole M.</a>; Upal, Muhammad Afzal (eds.). Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion 21. Boston; Leiden, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 485–512. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004435544_026">10.1163/9789004435544_026</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43554-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43554-4"><bdi>978-90-04-43554-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1874-6691">1874-6691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theology+of+Violence-oriented+Takfirism+as+a+Political+Theory%3A+The+Case+of+the+Islamic+State+in+Iraq+and+Syria+%28ISIS%29&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Islamic+Sects+and+Movements&rft.place=Boston%3B+Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.series=Brill+Handbooks+on+Contemporary+Religion+21&rft.pages=485-512&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=1874-6691&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004435544_026&rft.isbn=978-90-04-43554-4&rft.aulast=Poljarevic&rft.aufirst=Emin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manne-Saltman-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manne-Saltman_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manne-Saltman_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manne-Saltman_47-2">c</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManne2016" class="citation news cs1">Manne, Robert (7 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/religion/sayyid-qutb-father-of-salafi-jihadism-forerunner-of-the-islamic-/10096380">"Sayyid Qutb: Father of Salafi Jihadism, Forerunner of the Islamic State"</a>. ABC Religion & Ethics. Australia: <a href="/wiki/ABC_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Online">ABC Online</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002133334/http://www.abc.net.au/religion/sayyid-qutb-father-of-salafi-jihadism-forerunner-of-the-islamic-/10096380">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sayyid+Qutb%3A+Father+of+Salafi+Jihadism%2C+Forerunner+of+the+Islamic+State&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft.aulast=Manne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Freligion%2Fsayyid-qutb-father-of-salafi-jihadism-forerunner-of-the-islamic-%2F10096380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaltman2016" class="citation news cs1">Saltman, Erin Marie (3 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104162215/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/04/the-mind-of-islamic-state-more-coherent-and-consistent-than-nazism">"The mind of Islamic State: more coherent and consistent than Nazism"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906603-98-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906603-98-4"><bdi>978-1-906603-98-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/04/the-mind-of-islamic-state-more-coherent-and-consistent-than-nazism">the original</a> on 4 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+mind+of+Islamic+State%3A+more+coherent+and+consistent+than+Nazism&rft.date=2016-11-03&rft.isbn=978-1-906603-98-4&rft.aulast=Saltman&rft.aufirst=Erin+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fnov%2F04%2Fthe-mind-of-islamic-state-more-coherent-and-consistent-than-nazism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manne_2017-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Manne_2017_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManne2017" class="citation book cs1">Manne, Robert (2017). Mind of the Islamic state: ISIS and the ideology of the caliphate. Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Prometheus Books. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63388-371-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63388-371-0"><bdi>978-1-63388-371-0</bdi></a>. <q>... several scholars have termed the ideology that provided the foundation of the Islamic State 'Qutbism'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mind+of+the+Islamic+state%3A+ISIS+and+the+ideology+of+the+caliphate&rft.place=Carlton%2C+Victoria%2C+Australia&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-63388-371-0&rft.aulast=Manne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Badara_2017-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Badara_2017_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadaraNagata2017" class="citation journal cs1">Badara, Mohamed; Nagata, Masaki (November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F15730255-12314024">"Modern Extremist Groups and the Division of the World: A Critique from an Islamic Perspective"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arab_Law_Quarterly" title="Arab Law Quarterly">Arab Law Quarterly</a>. 31 (4). Leiden, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>: 305–335. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F15730255-12314024">10.1163/15730255-12314024</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-0255">1573-0255</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+Law+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Modern+Extremist+Groups+and+the+Division+of+the+World%3A+A+Critique+from+an+Islamic+Perspective&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=305-335&rft.date=2017-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F15730255-12314024&rft.issn=1573-0255&rft.aulast=Badara&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft.au=Nagata%2C+Masaki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%252F15730255-12314024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bunzel-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bunzel_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bunzel_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bunzel_50-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bunzel_50-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bunzel_50-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bunzel_50-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bunzel_50-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunzel2015" class="citation journal cs1">Bunzel, Cole (March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Papers/2015/03/ideology-of-islamic-state-bunzel/The-ideology-of-the-Islamic-State.pdf?la=en">"From Paper State to Caliphate: The Ideology of the Islamic State"</a> (PDF). The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World. 19. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Middle_East_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Middle East Policy">Center for Middle East Policy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>): 1–48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321022758/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Papers/2015/03/ideology-of-islamic-state-bunzel/The-ideology-of-the-Islamic-State.pdf?la=en">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brookings+Project+on+U.S.+Relations+with+the+Islamic+World&rft.atitle=From+Paper+State+to+Caliphate%3A+The+Ideology+of+the+Islamic+State&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=1-48&rft.date=2015-03&rft.aulast=Bunzel&rft.aufirst=Cole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2F~%2Fmedia%2FResearch%2FFiles%2FPapers%2F2015%2F03%2Fideology-of-islamic-state-bunzel%2FThe-ideology-of-the-Islamic-State.pdf%3Fla%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quilliam2014-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quilliam2014_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quilliam2014_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quilliam2014_51-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quilliam2014_51-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quilliam2014_51-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quilliam2014_51-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quilliam2014_51-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaltmanWinter2014" class="citation report cs1">Saltman, Erin Marie; Winter, Charlie (November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150226115714/http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/islamic-state-the-changing-face-of-modern-jihadism.pdf">Islamic State: The Changing Face of Modern Jihadism</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Quilliam_(think_tank)" title="Quilliam (think tank)">Quilliam</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906603-98-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906603-98-4"><bdi>978-1-906603-98-4</bdi></a>. 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Homegrown: ISIS in America (1st ed.). London; New York City: <a href="/wiki/I._B._Tauris" class="mw-redirect" title="I. B. Tauris">I. B. 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Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Three+ISIS+Fanboys+Plotted+Spring+Break+Attack+on+Shia+Mosque%2C+Feds+Say&rft.date=2022-03-25&rft.aulast=Rohrlich&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fisis-fanboy-xavier-pelkey-of-waterville-maine-plotted-spring-break-attack-on-chicago-shia-mosque-feds-say&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anti-Shia_sentiment-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Anti-Shia_sentiment_70-0">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto9-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoliman2017" class="citation web cs1">Soliman, Muhammad (20 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/fikraforum/view/from-cairo-to-berlin-why-is-isis-targeting-christians">"From Cairo to Berlin: Why is ISIS Targeting Christians?"</a>. Fikra Forum. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" title="The Washington Institute for Near East Policy">The Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fikra+Forum&rft.atitle=From+Cairo+to+Berlin%3A+Why+is+ISIS+Targeting+Christians%3F&rft.date=2017-03-20&rft.aulast=Soliman&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Ffikraforum%2Fview%2Ffrom-cairo-to-berlin-why-is-isis-targeting-christians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNassif2014" class="citation news cs1">Nassif, Hicham Bou (25 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-uses-these-parts-in-quran-to-justify-anti-christian-violence-2014-7">"Here Are The Parts Of The Quran That ISIS Uses To Justify Violence Against Iraqi Christians"</a>. Business Insider.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Here+Are+The+Parts+Of+The+Quran+That+ISIS+Uses+To+Justify+Violence+Against+Iraqi+Christians&rft.date=2014-07-25&rft.aulast=Nassif&rft.aufirst=Hicham+Bou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fisis-uses-these-parts-in-quran-to-justify-anti-christian-violence-2014-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voicepk.net/2023/04/daesh-lay-claim-to-target-killing-of-christian-sikh-men-in-peshawar/">"Daesh Lay Claim To Target Killing Of Christian, Sikh Men In Peshawar"</a>. Voice PK. Pakistan. 3 April 2023. <q>Dayal Singh, a Sikh trader, and Kashif Masih, a Christian sanitary worker, were gunned down in different incidents on March 31 and April 1 respectively. Separately, a Hindu ophthalmologist and former senior director of health at the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation (KMC), Dr. Birbal Genani was also shot dead by unknown assailants along the Lyari Expressway in Karachi on March 30.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voice+PK&rft.atitle=Daesh+Lay+Claim+To+Target+Killing+Of+Christian%2C+Sikh+Men+In+Peshawar&rft.date=2023-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoicepk.net%2F2023%2F04%2Fdaesh-lay-claim-to-target-killing-of-christian-sikh-men-in-peshawar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anti-Christian_sentiment-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Anti-Christian_sentiment_74-0">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305134156/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/21/isis-claim-responsibility-killing-hindu-priest-bangladesh">"ISIS claims responsibility for killing of Hindu priest in Bangladesh"</a>. The Guardian. 21 February 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/21/isis-claim-responsibility-killing-hindu-priest-bangladesh">the original</a> on 5 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=ISIS+claims+responsibility+for+killing+of+Hindu+priest+in+Bangladesh&rft.date=2016-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F21%2Fisis-claim-responsibility-killing-hindu-priest-bangladesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305134909/https://www.firstpost.com/world/hindus-need-to-be-targeted-in-mass-numbers-in-india-says-militant-in-islamic-state-magazine-2729056.html">"'Hindus need to be targeted in mass numbers in India', says militant in Islamic State magazine"</a>. Firstpost. 14 April 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/world/hindus-need-to-be-targeted-in-mass-numbers-in-india-says-militant-in-islamic-state-magazine-2729056.html">the original</a> on 5 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=%27Hindus+need+to+be+targeted+in+mass+numbers+in+India%27%2C+says+militant+in+Islamic+State+magazine&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Fworld%2Fhindus-need-to-be-targeted-in-mass-numbers-in-india-says-militant-in-islamic-state-magazine-2729056.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311112721/https://www.oneindia.com/india/isis-threatens-rid-india-hindus-latest-issue-its-magazine-2070059.html?story=1">"ISIS threatens to rid India of Hindus in latest issue of its magazine"</a>. One India. 14 April 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oneindia.com/india/isis-threatens-rid-india-hindus-latest-issue-its-magazine-2070059.html?story=1">the original</a> on 11 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=One+India&rft.atitle=ISIS+threatens+to+rid+India+of+Hindus+in+latest+issue+of+its+magazine&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oneindia.com%2Findia%2Fisis-threatens-rid-india-hindus-latest-issue-its-magazine-2070059.html%3Fstory%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221121091910/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/gunmen-attack-sikh-religious-gathering-in-kabul-killing-4/articleshow/74804271.cms">"11 killed in Kabul gurdwara attack, IS claims responsibility"</a>. The Times of India. 25 March 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/gunmen-attack-sikh-religious-gathering-in-kabul-killing-4/articleshow/74804271.cms">the original</a> on 21 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=11+killed+in+Kabul+gurdwara+attack%2C+IS+claims+responsibility&rft.date=2020-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fsouth-asia%2Fgunmen-attack-sikh-religious-gathering-in-kabul-killing-4%2Farticleshow%2F74804271.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/videos/news/isis-threatens-india-hindus-with-bloodshed-claims-role-in-coimbatore-mangaluru-blasts-101678136712471.html">"ISIS threatens India, Hindus with bloodshed; Claims role in Coimbatore, Mangaluru blasts"</a>. Hindustan Times. 7 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=ISIS+threatens+India%2C+Hindus+with+bloodshed%3B+Claims+role+in+Coimbatore%2C+Mangaluru+blasts&rft.date=2023-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fvideos%2Fnews%2Fisis-threatens-india-hindus-with-bloodshed-claims-role-in-coimbatore-mangaluru-blasts-101678136712471.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/isis-claims-attack-on-sikhs-hindus-in-afghanistan-1.3997293">"ISIS claims attack on Sikhs, Hindus in Afghanistan"</a>. CTV News. 2 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+claims+attack+on+Sikhs%2C+Hindus+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2018-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fworld%2Fisis-claims-attack-on-sikhs-hindus-in-afghanistan-1.3997293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anti-Hindu_sentiment-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Anti-Hindu_sentiment_81-0">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adl.org/blog/anti-gay-rhetoric-in-english-language-isis-and-al-qaeda-magazines">"Anti-Gay Rhetoric in English-Language ISIS and Al Qaeda Magazines"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a>. 15 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti-Gay+Rhetoric+in+English-Language+ISIS+and+Al+Qaeda+Magazines&rft.pub=Anti-Defamation+League&rft.date=2016-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2Fblog%2Fanti-gay-rhetoric-in-english-language-isis-and-al-qaeda-magazines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.counterextremism.com/content/isis-persecution-gay-people">"ISIS's Persecution of Gay People"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Counter_Extremism_Project" title="Counter Extremism Project">Counter Extremism Project</a>. May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023103356/https://www.counterextremism.com/content/isis-persecution-gay-people">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Counter+Extremism+Project&rft.atitle=ISIS%27s+Persecution+of+Gay+People&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterextremism.com%2Fcontent%2Fisis-persecution-gay-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217131006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/13/the-islamic-states-shocking-war-on-homosexuals/">"The Islamic State's shocking war on homosexuals"</a>. The Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/13/the-islamic-states-shocking-war-on-homosexuals/">the original</a> on 17 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Islamic+State%27s+shocking+war+on+homosexuals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2016%2F06%2F13%2Fthe-islamic-states-shocking-war-on-homosexuals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108141201/https://www.vice.com/en/article/vdbke8/what-isis-is-saying-about-the-orlando-shooter">"What ISIS Is Saying About the Orlando Shooter"</a>. Vice. 15 June 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/vdbke8/what-isis-is-saying-about-the-orlando-shooter">the original</a> on 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=What+ISIS+Is+Saying+About+the+Orlando+Shooter&rft.date=2016-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fvdbke8%2Fwhat-isis-is-saying-about-the-orlando-shooter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219033530/https://globalnews.ca/news/2184492/isis-targets-gay-people-using-facebook-and-phone-contacts-iraqi-refugee-tells-un/">"ISIS targets gay people using Facebook and phone contacts"</a>. Global News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/2184492/isis-targets-gay-people-using-facebook-and-phone-contacts-iraqi-refugee-tells-un/">the original</a> on 19 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+targets+gay+people+using+Facebook+and+phone+contacts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F2184492%2Fisis-targets-gay-people-using-facebook-and-phone-contacts-iraqi-refugee-tells-un%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311111716/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-persecution-gay-men-murder-lgbt-muslim-society/">"Inside look at ISIS' brutal persecution of gays"</a>. CBS News. 2 December 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-persecution-gay-men-murder-lgbt-muslim-society/">the original</a> on 11 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Inside+look+at+ISIS%27+brutal+persecution+of+gays&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fisis-persecution-gay-men-murder-lgbt-muslim-society%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311112157/https://www.cnn.com/2015/03/05/middleeast/isis-lgbt-persecution/">"Amid brazen, deadly attacks, gay Syrians tell of fear of ISIS persecution"</a>. CNN. 6 March 2015. 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Retrieved 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Iranian+special+forces+arrive+in+Palmyra+to+help+liberate+the+city&rft.date=2016-03-21&rft.aulast=Aboufadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Firgc-soldiers-arrive-palmyra-help-liberate-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iraqnewspaper.net/ar/التعرف-جثة-امر-لواء-زينبيون-الايرا/">"التعرف على جثة امر لواء زينبيون الايراني الذي قتل في سوريا بنيران داعش الارهابي قبل عامين"</a> [Identification of the body of the order of the Iranian Zainabiyoun Brigade, who was killed in Syria by ISIS terrorist fire two years ago]. 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DamPress.net (in Arabic). 5 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DamPress.net&rft.atitle=%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%80+%22%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB%22+%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81+%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7+%22%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%22&rft.date=2014-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dampress.net%2F%3Fpage%3Dshow_det%26category_id%3D12%26id%3D49947%26lang%3Dar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AsambleaVE-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AsambleaVE_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AsambleaVE_159-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuan_Guaidó2019" class="citation web cs1">Juan Guaidó [@jguaido] (4 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/jguaido/status/1169247448147091457">"Desde la @AsambleaVE hemos declarado a la disidencia de las FARC, ELN, Hamas, Hezbollah e ISIS como grupos terroristas, ordenándoles a todos los cuerpos de seguridad del Estado proteger nuestra soberanía e integridad territorial frente a la amenaza que representan estos grupos"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Desde+la+%40AsambleaVE+hemos+declarado+a+la+disidencia+de+las+FARC%2C+ELN%2C+Hamas%2C+Hezbollah+e+ISIS+como+grupos+terroristas%2C+orden%C3%A1ndoles+a+todos+los+cuerpos+de+seguridad+del+Estado+proteger+nuestra+soberan%C3%ADa+e+integridad+territorial+frente+a+la+amenaza+que+representan+estos+grupos.&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft.au=Juan+Guaid%C3%B3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fjguaido%2Fstatus%2F1169247448147091457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-winepJune14-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-winepJune14_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-winepJune14_160-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-winepJune14_160-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelin2014" class="citation report cs1">Zelin, Aaron Y. (June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150220221134/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote_20_Zelin.pdf">The War between ISIS and al-Qaeda for Supremacy of the Global Jihadist Movement</a> (PDF). Research Notes (Report). Vol. 20. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote_20_Zelin.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2023. <q>In early 2006, Zarqawi brought together a number of other Iraqi insurgent factions and established the Majlis Shura al-Mujahedin (MSM)... This process was further consolidated after Zarqawi's death on June 7, 2006. On October 15, a statement titled 'Announcing the Establishment of the Islamic State of Iraq' was released by Muharib al-Juburi, ISI's new information minister. And on November 10, AQI's replacement for Zarqawi, Abu Hamza al-Muhajir, pledged baya to the newly appointed leader of ISI, Abu Omar al Baghdadi. While Muhajir had called bin Ladin emir in his first audio release on June 13, 2006, he never actually officially pledged baya. ... Therefore, Zarqawi's death invalidated MSM's implied pledge to bin Ladin. This means that, in effect, the group and its subsequent incarnations have not technically been subordinate to al-Qaeda in eight years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+War+between+ISIS+and+al-Qaeda+for+Supremacy+of+the+Global+Jihadist+Movement&rft.pub=The+Washington+Institute+for+Near+East+Policy&rft.date=2014-06&rft.aulast=Zelin&rft.aufirst=Aaron+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fuploads%2FDocuments%2Fpubs%2FResearchNote_20_Zelin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirke2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Birke, Sarah (5 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/02/05/how-isis-rules/">"How ISIS Rules"</a>. The New York Review of Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=How+ISIS+Rules&rft.date=2017-02-05&rft.aulast=Birke&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F02%2F05%2Fhow-isis-rules%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerges2016" class="citation book cs1">Gerges, Fawaz A. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tXptDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA21">ISIS: A History</a>. Princeton University Press. pp. 21–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-17000-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-17000-8"><bdi>978-0-691-17000-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISIS%3A+A+History&rft.pages=21-22&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-691-17000-8&rft.aulast=Gerges&rft.aufirst=Fawaz+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtXptDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407154759/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-far-from-defeated-in-syria-2019-outlook-maps/">"ISIS far from defeated in Syria: 2019 outlook (maps)"</a>. 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VOA News. 1 March 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VOA+News&rft.atitle=US-Led+Allies+Finishing+Off+%27Caliphate%27&rft.date=2019-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fus-led-allies-finishing-off-caliphate-%2F4809186.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-C-T-K-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C-T-K_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C-T-K_167-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C-T-K_167-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_CarterKathryn_TysonLiam_KarrPeter_Mills2023" class="citation news cs1">Brian Carter; Kathryn Tyson; Liam Karr; Peter Mills (17 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/salafi-jihadi-movement-weekly-update-may-17-2023">"Salafi Jihadi Movement Weekly Update, May 17, 2023"</a>. 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Politics and Religion Journal. 12 (2): 245–262. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.54561%2Fprj1202245w">10.54561/prj1202245w</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1820-6581">1820-6581</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politics+and+Religion+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Incongruity+of+Sayyid+Qutb%27s+Political+Islam+and+National+Integration+in+Nigeria%3A+A+Descriptive+Analysis&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=245-262&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.54561%2Fprj1202245w&rft.issn=1820-6581&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Dodeye+U.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoliticsandreligionjournal.com%2Findex.php%2Fprj%2Farticle%2Fview%2F317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPloomSazanov2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ploom, Illimar; Sazanov, Vladimir (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/50040064">"Some Remarks on the Ideological Core and Political Pillars of the So-called Islamic State"</a>. Modern Management Review. 26 (1): 59–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7862%2Frz.2021.mmr.06">10.7862/rz.2021.mmr.06</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:237957039">237957039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Management+Review&rft.atitle=Some+Remarks+on+the+Ideological+Core+and+Political+Pillars+of+the+So-called+Islamic+State&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=59-80&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7862%2Frz.2021.mmr.06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A237957039%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ploom&rft.aufirst=Illimar&rft.au=Sazanov%2C+Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F50040064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerges2016" class="citation book cs1">Gerges, Fawaz (2016). ISIS: A History. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 L 1TW: Princeton University Press. pp. 217–218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-17000-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-17000-8"><bdi>978-0-691-17000-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISIS%3A+A+History&rft.place=United+Kingdom%3A+Princeton+University+Press%2C+6+Oxford+Street%2C+Woodstock%2C+Oxfordshire+OX20+L+1TW&rft.pages=217-218&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-691-17000-8&rft.aulast=Gerges&rft.aufirst=Fawaz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManne2016" class="citation news cs1">Manne, Robert (3 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/04/the-mind-of-islamic-state-more-coherent-and-consistent-than-nazism">"The mind of Islamic State: more coherent and consistent than Nazism"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170128181058/https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/04/the-mind-of-islamic-state-more-coherent-and-consistent-than-nazism">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2017. <q>There exists a more or less general consensus that the ideology of the Islamic State is founded upon the prison writings of the revolutionary Egyptian Muslim Brother Sayyid Qutb</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+mind+of+Islamic+State%3A+more+coherent+and+consistent+than+Nazism&rft.date=2016-11-03&rft.aulast=Manne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fnov%2F04%2Fthe-mind-of-islamic-state-more-coherent-and-consistent-than-nazism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi2015xii-207"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi2015xii_207-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Yaqoubi2015">Al-Yaqoubi (2015)</a>, p. xii. </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Khateeb2014" class="citation web cs1">Al-Khateeb, Motaz (3 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studies.aljazeera.net/en/dossiers/decipheringdaeshoriginsimpactandfuture/2014/12/2014123981882756.html#a24">"Daesh's Intellectual Origins: From Jurisprudence to Reality"</a>. Al Jazeera Centre for Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+Centre+for+Studies&rft.atitle=Daesh%27s+Intellectual+Origins%3A+From+Jurisprudence+to+Reality&rft.date=2014-12-03&rft.aulast=Al-Khateeb&rft.aufirst=Motaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudies.aljazeera.net%2Fen%2Fdossiers%2Fdecipheringdaeshoriginsimpactandfuture%2F2014%2F12%2F2014123981882756.html%23a24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG._Harris2018" class="citation book cs1">G. Harris, MAJ Lucas (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hsdl.org/%3Fview%26did%3D824673&ved=2ahUKEwjLjrWZitvvAhXaxzgGHcoBDT4QFjAAegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVaw3UhHNCywr1qdnEGjMw9LQB">ISIS vs. Al Qaeda: An Ideological Comparison</a>. Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Staff College. pp. 2, 8, 9, 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISIS+vs.+Al+Qaeda%3A+An+Ideological+Comparison&rft.place=Fort+Leavenworth%2C+KS&rft.pages=2%2C+8%2C+9%2C+11&rft.pub=US+Army+Command+and+General+Staff+College&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=G.+Harris&rft.aufirst=MAJ+Lucas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsdl.org%2F%253Fview%2526did%253D824673%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjLjrWZitvvAhXaxzgGHcoBDT4QFjAAegQIBBAC%26usg%3DAOvVaw3UhHNCywr1qdnEGjMw9LQB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi2015xiii,_11,_18-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi2015xiii,_11,_18_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Yaqoubi2015">Al-Yaqoubi (2015)</a>, pp. xiii, 11, 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-Poljarevic_Handbook_20212-211"><a href="#cite_ref-Poljarevic_Handbook_20212_211-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoljarevic2021" class="citation book cs1">Poljarevic, Emin (2021). "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". In <a href="/wiki/Carole_M._Cusack" title="Carole M. Cusack">Cusack, Carole M.</a>; Upal, Muhammad Afzal (eds.). Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion 21. Boston; Leiden, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 485–512. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004435544_026">10.1163/9789004435544_026</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43554-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43554-4"><bdi>978-90-04-43554-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1874-6691">1874-6691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theology+of+Violence-oriented+Takfirism+as+a+Political+Theory%3A+The+Case+of+the+Islamic+State+in+Iraq+and+Syria+%28ISIS%29&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Islamic+Sects+and+Movements&rft.place=Boston%3B+Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.series=Brill+Handbooks+on+Contemporary+Religion+21&rft.pages=485-512&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=1874-6691&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004435544_026&rft.isbn=978-90-04-43554-4&rft.aulast=Poljarevic&rft.aufirst=Emin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw2019" class="citation news cs1">Law, Tara (27 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5711809/al-baghdadi-islamic-state-isis-dead/">"Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Dead. Here's What to Know About the Deceased Islamic State Leader"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <q>Al-Baghdadi is thought to have shown signs of radicalization years ago, joining an extreme branch of the Sunni dissident group the Muslim Brotherhood as a youth.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Abu+Bakr+al-Baghdadi+Is+Dead.+Here%27s+What+to+Know+About+the+Deceased+Islamic+State+Leader&rft.date=2019-10-27&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5711809%2Fal-baghdadi-islamic-state-isis-dead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Khateeb2014" class="citation web cs1">Al-Khateeb, Motaz (3 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studies.aljazeera.net/en/dossiers/decipheringdaeshoriginsimpactandfuture/2014/12/2014123981882756.html#a24">"Daesh's Intellectual Origins: From Jurisprudence to Reality"</a>. Al Jazeera Centre for Studies. <q>While the Muslim Brotherhood and Daesh are diametrically opposite, they both draw on the same Islamic jurisprudence. In other words, religious texts and jurisprudence, in and of themselves, cannot explain the emergence of phenomena like Daesh, particularly given that the texts are centuries old as opposed to these new jihadi-political groups who use them to legitimise their existence</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+Centre+for+Studies&rft.atitle=Daesh%27s+Intellectual+Origins%3A+From+Jurisprudence+to+Reality&rft.date=2014-12-03&rft.aulast=Al-Khateeb&rft.aufirst=Motaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudies.aljazeera.net%2Fen%2Fdossiers%2Fdecipheringdaeshoriginsimpactandfuture%2F2014%2F12%2F2014123981882756.html%23a24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeti2016" class="citation web cs1">Teti, Isabella Frances (6 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sites.psu.edu/academy/2016/11/06/the-isis-phenomenon/">"The 'ISIS Phenomenon'"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Abu+Abdullah+al-Muhajir%3A+The+Obscure+Theologian+Who+Shaped+ISIS&rft.date=2016-12-04&rft.aulast=al-Saud&rft.aufirst=Abdullah+K.&rft.au=Winter%2C+Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2016%2F12%2Fisis-muhajir-syria%2F509399%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Townsend_2018-220">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Townsend_2018_220-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Townsend_2018_220-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Townsend_2018_220-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Townsend_2018_220-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Townsend_2018_220-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend2018" class="citation news cs1">Townsend, Mark (13 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/12/isis-jihadist-manual-analysed-rebutted-by-islamic-scholar">"The core Isis manual that twisted Islam to legitimise barbarity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180609090007/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/12/isis-jihadist-manual-analysed-rebutted-by-islamic-scholar">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+core+Isis+manual+that+twisted+Islam+to+legitimise+barbarity&rft.date=2018-05-13&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fmay%2F12%2Fisis-jihadist-manual-analysed-rebutted-by-islamic-scholar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ajjoub_2021-221">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ajjoub_2021_221-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajjoub_2021_221-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajjoub_2021_221-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajjoub_2021_221-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajjoub_2021_221-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAjjoub2021" class="citation book cs1">Ajjoub, Orwa (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cmes.lu.se/sites/cmes.lu.se/files/2021-02/orwa_ajjoub_rapport_a4_0203_interaktiv.pdf">The Development of the Theological and Political Aspects of Jihadi-Salafism</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Lund" title="Lund">Lund</a>: Swedish South Asian Studies Network (SASNET) at the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Middle_Eastern_Studies_at_Lund_University" title="Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Lund University">Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Lund University</a>. pp. 1–28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7895-772-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-7895-772-9"><bdi>978-91-7895-772-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210042321/https://www.cmes.lu.se/sites/cmes.lu.se/files/2021-02/orwa_ajjoub_rapport_a4_0203_interaktiv.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+the+Theological+and+Political+Aspects+of+Jihadi-Salafism&rft.place=Lund&rft.pages=1-28&rft.pub=Swedish+South+Asian+Studies+Network+%28SASNET%29+at+the+Center+for+Middle+Eastern+Studies+at+Lund+University&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-91-7895-772-9&rft.aulast=Ajjoub&rft.aufirst=Orwa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmes.lu.se%2Fsites%2Fcmes.lu.se%2Ffiles%2F2021-02%2Forwa_ajjoub_rapport_a4_0203_interaktiv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-222">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_222-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_222-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChulov2019" class="citation news cs1">Chulov, Martin (31 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/31/islamic-state-new-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al-qurayshi">"Islamic State names new leader after death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi"</a>. 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Terrorism, Political Violence, and Extremism: New Psychology to Understand, Face, and Defuse the Threat. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. pp. 5–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-5192-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-5192-6"><bdi>978-1-4408-5192-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/994829038">994829038</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Psychology+of+Terrorism&rft.btitle=Terrorism%2C+Political+Violence%2C+and+Extremism%3A+New+Psychology+to+Understand%2C+Face%2C+and+Defuse+the+Threat&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=5-6&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F994829038&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-5192-6&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=Chris+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQvHeDgAAQBAJ%26q%3Djurisprudence%2Bof%2Bblood%2BISIS%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-newyorker-224"><a href="#cite_ref-newyorker_224-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Wright, Lawrence (11 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/09/11/the-master-plan">"The Master Plan"</a>. 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Where Wahhabism first flourished alongside the Ottoman Caliphate, the Muslim Brotherhood was founded shortly after that caliphate's dissolution, in 1924 — an event seen across the world as a marker of Western ascent and Eastern decline. The movement's founders took up the call for a revived caliphate as a goal of its broader anti-Western project.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ISIS%27+Harsh+Brand+of+Islam+Is+Rooted+in+Austere+Saudi+Creed&rft.date=2014-09-24&rft.aulast=D.+Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F09%2F25%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisis-abu-bakr-baghdadi-caliph-wahhabi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunzel2016" class="citation web cs1">Bunzel, Cole (18 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/02/18/kingdom-and-caliphate-duel-of-islamic-states-pub-62810">"The Kingdom and the Caliphate: Duel of the Islamic States"</a>. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180910232703/https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/02/18/kingdom-and-caliphate-duel-of-islamic-states-pub-62810">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2018. <q>The religious character of the Islamic State is, without doubt, overwhelmingly Wahhabi, but the group does depart from Wahhabi tradition in four critical respects: dynastic alliance, the caliphate, violence, and apocalyptic fervor</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.atitle=The+Kingdom+and+the+Caliphate%3A+Duel+of+the+Islamic+States&rft.date=2016-02-18&rft.aulast=Bunzel&rft.aufirst=Cole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2F2016%2F02%2F18%2Fkingdom-and-caliphate-duel-of-islamic-states-pub-62810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bunzel_18_February_2016-235">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bunzel_18_February_2016_235-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bunzel_18_February_2016_235-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bunzel_18_February_2016_235-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunzel2016" class="citation web cs1">Bunzel, Cole (18 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/02/18/kingdom-and-caliphate-duel-of-islamic-states-pub-62810">"The Kingdom and the Caliphate: Duel of the Islamic States"</a>. 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Al-Monitor. 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Al Jazeera English.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Who+is+the+U.S.+targeting+in+Iraq+air+strikes%3F&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft.aulast=Kubba&rft.aufirst=Laith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famerica.aljazeera.com%2Fwatch%2Fshows%2Finside-story%2Farticles%2F2014%2F7%2F7%2Fisil-s-leader-emergesfromtheshadowswhoisabubakralbaghdadi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joscelyn_2015-09-242">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Joscelyn_2015-09_242-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joscelyn_2015-09_242-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoscelyn2015" class="citation news cs1">Joscelyn, Thomas (29 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/09/us-counterterrorism-efforts-in-syria-a-winning-strategy.php">"US counterterrorism efforts in Syria: A winning strategy?"</a>. 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Inside Isis: The first Western journalist ever to be given access to the 'Islamic State' has just returned – and this is what he discovered"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 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Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 4 October 2015. <q>Something that I don't understand at all is the enthusiasm in their plan of religious cleansing, planning to kill the non-believers... They also will kill Muslim democrats because they believe that non-ISIL-Muslims put the laws of human beings above the commandments of God. These were very difficult discussions, especially when they were talking about the number of people who they are willing to kill. They were talking about hundreds of millions. They were enthusiastic about it, and I just cannot understand that.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+German+journalist+on+surviving+ISIL&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft.aulast=Greyvenstein&rft.aufirst=Hester+Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2F2014%2F12%2Fqa-german-journalist-surviving-isil-20141224164752725983.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTranWeaver2014" class="citation news cs1">Tran, Mark; Weaver, Matthew (30 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/30/isis-announces-islamic-caliphate-iraq-syria">"Isis announces Islamic caliphate in area straddling Iraq and Syria"</a>. The Guardian. 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GlobalPost. Retrieved 22 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Watch+this+English-speaking+ISIS+fighter+explain+how+a+98-year-old+colonial+map+created+today%27s+conflict&rft.date=2014-07-02&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynews.com%2Fgeneral-news%2F20140702%2Fwatch-this-english-speaking-isis-fighter-explain-how-a-98-year-old-colonial-map-created-todays-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaillet2013" class="citation web cs1">Caillet, Romain (27 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=54017">"The Islamic State: Leaving al-Qaeda Behind"</a>. 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Edinburgh University Press. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-8389-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-8389-5"><bdi>978-0-7486-8389-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Economic+Policy&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-8389-5&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DejgkDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockburn2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Cockburn, Patrick (3 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v38/n05/patrick-cockburn/end-times-for-the-caliphate">"End Times for the Caliphate?"</a>. London Review of Books. Vol. 38, no. 5. pp. 29–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=End+Times+for+the+Caliphate%3F&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=29-30&rft.date=2016-03-03&rft.aulast=Cockburn&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fv38%2Fn05%2Fpatrick-cockburn%2Fend-times-for-the-caliphate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPastukhovGreenwold" class="citation web cs1">Pastukhov, Dmitry; Greenwold, Nathaniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171009215047/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/economics/non-seminar/explore-econ16/accordian/greenwold_pastukhov-poster.pdf">"Does Islamic State have the economic and political institutions for future development?"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/economics/non-seminar/explore-econ16/accordian/greenwold_pastukhov-poster.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Does+Islamic+State+have+the+economic+and+political+institutions+for+future+development%3F&rft.aulast=Pastukhov&rft.aufirst=Dmitry&rft.au=Greenwold%2C+Nathaniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Feconomics%2Fnon-seminar%2Fexplore-econ16%2Faccordian%2Fgreenwold_pastukhov-poster.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedler2015" class="citation book cs1">Pedler, John (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A8nuBQAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA99">A Word Before Leaving: A Former Diplomat's Weltanschauung</a>. Troubador. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78462-223-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78462-223-7"><bdi>978-1-78462-223-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Word+Before+Leaving%3A+A+Former+Diplomat%27s+Weltanschauung&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Troubador&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78462-223-7&rft.aulast=Pedler&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA8nuBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerrLarkin2015" class="citation book cs1">Kerr, Michael; Larkin, Craig (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=koeMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA21">The Alawis of Syria: War, Faith and Politics in the Levant</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-045811-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-045811-9"><bdi>978-0-19-045811-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alawis+of+Syria%3A+War%2C+Faith+and+Politics+in+the+Levant&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-045811-9&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Larkin%2C+Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkoeMCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=117051">"Although they have been besieged by Russia, Iran, and the regime for two years, thousands of ISIS members are still within an area of 4000 km2 without any intention to launch a military operation against them"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a>. 20 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syrian+Observatory+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=Although+they+have+been+besieged+by+Russia%2C+Iran%2C+and+the+regime+for+two+years%2C+thousands+of+ISIS+members+are+still+within+an+area+of+4000+km%3Csup%3E2%3C%2Fsup%3E+without+any+intention+to+launch+a+military+operation+against+them&rft.date=2019-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D117051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabricius2020" class="citation web cs1">Fabricius, Peter (12 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-08-12-mocimboa-da-praia-islamic-state-insurgents-recapture-strategic-port-town/">"Mozambique: Mocimboa da Praia: Islamic State insurgents recapture strategic port town"</a>. Daily Maverick.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Maverick&rft.atitle=Mozambique%3A+Mocimboa+da+Praia%3A+Islamic+State+insurgents+recapture+strategic+port+town&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft.aulast=Fabricius&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymaverick.co.za%2Farticle%2F2020-08-12-mocimboa-da-praia-islamic-state-insurgents-recapture-strategic-port-town%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/462774-boko-haram-leader-shekau-dead-as-iswap-fighters-capture-sambisa-forest-report.html">"Boko Haram leader, Shekau, dead as ISWAP fighters capture Sambisa forest -- Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Premium_Times" title="Premium Times">Premium Times</a>. 20 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Premium+Times&rft.atitle=Boko+Haram+leader%2C+Shekau%2C+dead+as+ISWAP+fighters+capture+Sambisa+forest+--+Report&rft.date=2021-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fnews%2Fheadlines%2F462774-boko-haram-leader-shekau-dead-as-iswap-fighters-capture-sambisa-forest-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-Threat-Southeast-Asia/is-supporters-urge-establishment-of-new-provinces-in-indonesia.html">"IS Supporters Urge Establishment of "New Provinces" in Indonesia"</a>. Jihadist Threat. SITE Intelligence Group. 17 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jihadist+Threat&rft.atitle=IS+Supporters+Urge+Establishment+of+%22New+Provinces%22+in+Indonesia&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fent.siteintelgroup.com%2FJihadist-Threat-Southeast-Asia%2Fis-supporters-urge-establishment-of-new-provinces-in-indonesia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiallo2022" class="citation news cs1">Diallo, Tiemoko (14 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/islamist-militants-mali-kill-hundreds-displace-thousands-eastern-advance-2022-10-14/">"Islamist militants in Mali kill hundreds, displace thousands in eastern advance"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secretary-General%27s+remarks+to+Security+Council+High-Level+Summit+on+Foreign+Terrorist+Fighters&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2014-09-24&rft.au=Ban+Ki-Moon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fsg%2Fstatements%2Findex.asp%3Fnid%3D8040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan2014" class="citation news cs1">Hassan, Steven (21 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/steven-hassan/isis-is-a-cult-that-uses-_b_6023890.html">"ISIS Is a Cult That Uses Terrorism: A Fresh New Strategy"</a>. The World Post. Retrieved 10 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Post&rft.atitle=ISIS+Is+a+Cult+That+Uses+Terrorism%3A+A+Fresh+New+Strategy&rft.date=2014-10-21&rft.aulast=Hassan&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fsteven-hassan%2Fisis-is-a-cult-that-uses-_b_6023890.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichter_et_al.2018" class="citation journal cs1">Richter, Elihu D.; Markus, Dror Kris; Tait, Casey (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6196410">"Incitement, genocide, genocidal terror, and the upstream role of indoctrination: can epidemiologic models predict and prevent?"</a>. 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CBS News. 30 June 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=%22They%27re+delusional%22%3A+Rivals+ridicule+ISIS+declaration+of+Islamic+state&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftheyre-delusional-rivals-ridicule-isis-declaration-of-islamic-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ns10Mar2015-360">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ns10Mar2015_360-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ns10Mar2015_360-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasan2015" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Hasan" title="Mehdi Hasan">Hasan, Mehdi</a> (10 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/2015/03/mehdi-hasan-how-islamic-islamic-state">"Mehdi Hasan: How Islamic is Islamic State?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a>. Retrieved 7 July 2015. <q>Consider the various statements of Muslim groups such as the Organisation of Islamic Co-operation, representing 57 countries (Isis has "nothing to do with Islam"); the Islamic Society of North America (Isis's actions are "in no way representative of what Islam actually teaches"); al-Azhar University in Cairo, the most prestigious seat of learning in the Sunni Muslim world (Isis is acting "under the guise of this holy religion ... in an attempt to export their false Islam"); and even Saudi Arabia's Salafist Grand Mufti, Abdul Aziz al ash-Sheikh (Isis is "the number-one enemy of Islam").</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Mehdi+Hasan%3A+How+Islamic+is+Islamic+State%3F&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.aulast=Hasan&rft.aufirst=Mehdi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fworld-affairs%2F2015%2F03%2Fmehdi-hasan-how-islamic-islamic-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi2015xvii–xviii-361"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi2015xvii–xviii_361-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Yaqoubi2015">Al-Yaqoubi (2015)</a>, pp. xvii–xviii. </li> <li id="cite_note-SheemaKhan-362">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SheemaKhan_362-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SheemaKhan_362-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2014" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Sheema (29 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/another-battle-with-islams-true-believers/article20802390/">"Another battle with Islam's 'true believers'"</a>. 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This sparked criticism from a number of religious, political and media parties, especially since Al-Azhar could have renounced the Nigerian mufti's statement on IS without addressing the issue of whether or not Al-Azhar considers the group apostates</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Al-Azhar+refuses+to+consider+the+Islamic+State+an+apostate&rft.aulast=Fouad&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2015%2F02%2Fazhar-egypt-radicals-islamic-state-apostates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119055307/http://en.themwl.org/sheikh-al-azhar-speech-opening-conference">"Sheikh Al-Azhar Speech in opening of conference"</a>. 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The Christian Science Monitor.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=70%2C000+Indian+clerics+issue+fatwa+against+terrorists&rft.date=2015-12-10&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Molly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FGlobal-News%2F2015%2F1210%2F70-000-Indian-clerics-issue-fatwa-against-terrorists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortimer2015" class="citation news cs1">Mortimer, Caroline (10 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/70000-indian-muslim-clerics-issue-fatwa-against-isis-the-taliban-al-qaida-and-other-terror-groups-a6768191.html">"70,000 Muslim clerics just issued a fatwa against terrorism"</a>. Independent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=70%2C000+Muslim+clerics+just+issued+a+fatwa+against+terrorism&rft.date=2015-12-10&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F70000-indian-muslim-clerics-issue-fatwa-against-isis-the-taliban-al-qaida-and-other-terror-groups-a6768191.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrange2014" class="citation news cs1">Strange, Hannah (5 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10948480/Islamic-State-leader-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-addresses-Muslims-in-Mosul.html">"Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi addresses Muslims in Mosul"</a>. The Telegraph. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10948480/Islamic-State-leader-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-addresses-Muslims-in-Mosul.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. 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The New Yorker. <q>In the most recent issue of Dabiq, ISIS's English-language magazine, a female writer encourages women to emigrate to "the lands of the Islamic State" even if it means travelling without a male companion, a shocking breach of traditional Islamic law. This may be a cynical ploy—a lure for runaways. But it is in keeping with the jihadists' attack on parental authority and its emphasis on individual empowerment, including the power of female believers to renounce families they do not view as authentically Muslim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Battle+Lines&rft.date=2015-06-08&rft.aulast=Creswell&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft.au=Haykel%2C+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2015%2F06%2F08%2Fbattle-lines-jihad-creswell-and-haykel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreswellHaykel2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Creswell, Robyn; Haykel, Bernard (8 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/08/battle-lines-jihad-creswell-and-haykel">"Battle Lines"</a>. The New Yorker. <q>It has also created a female morality police, a shadowy group called the al-Khansa' Brigades, who insure proper deportment in ISIS-held towns. ... Al-Khansa' was a female poet of the pre-Islamic era who converted to Islam and became a companion of the Prophet, and her elegies for her male relations are keystones of the genre [of Islamic poetry]. The name therefore suggests an institution with deep roots in the past, and yet there has never been anything like the Brigades in Islamic history, nor do they have an equivalent anywhere else in the Arab world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Battle+Lines&rft.date=2015-06-08&rft.aulast=Creswell&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft.au=Haykel%2C+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2015%2F06%2F08%2Fbattle-lines-jihad-creswell-and-haykel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibt-09-28-383">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ibt-09-28_383-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibt-09-28_383-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalleck2014" class="citation news cs1">Halleck, Thomas (26 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/thousands-french-muslims-protest-herve-gourdel-beheading-1695741">"Thousands of French Muslims Protest Herve Gourdel Beheading"</a>. International Business Times. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Thousands+of+French+Muslims+Protest+Herve+Gourdel+Beheading&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft.aulast=Halleck&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fthousands-french-muslims-protest-herve-gourdel-beheading-1695741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-384"><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/11/isis-propaganda-videos_n_6846688.html">"A Short History Of ISIS Propaganda Videos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Post">The World Post</a>. 11 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Post&rft.atitle=A+Short+History+Of+ISIS+Propaganda+Videos&rft.date=2015-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2015%2F03%2F11%2Fisis-propaganda-videos_n_6846688.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi201519-385"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Yaqoubi201519_385-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Yaqoubi2015">Al-Yaqoubi (2015)</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-386"><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiyyWiO-IKY">Ghosts of Aleppo (Full Length)</a>. VICE News. 30 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/CiyyWiO-IKY">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghosts+of+Aleppo+%28Full+Length%29&rft.pub=VICE+News&rft.date=2014-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DCiyyWiO-IKY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.vice.com/video/ghosts-of-aleppo-full-length">"Ghosts of Aleppo (Full Length)"</a>. VICE News. 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Long War Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=Al+Qaeda+appears+%27moderate%27+compared+to+Islamic+State%2C+veteran+jihadist+says&rft.date=2015-10-25&rft.aulast=Joscelyn&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2015%2F10%2Fal-qaeda-appears-moderate-compared-to-islamic-state-veteran-jihadist-says.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoscelyn2015" class="citation news cs1">Joscelyn, Thomas (26 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/a-rare-interview-with-an-experienced-al-qaeda-commander-shows-how-the-group-is-using-isis-to-make-itself-look-moderate-2015-10">"A rare interview with an experienced Al Qaeda commander shows how the group is using ISIS to make itself look 'moderate'"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/government/list-of-terror-groups-published-by-uae-1.1413219">the original</a> on 28 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=List+of+terror+groups+published+by+United+Arab+Emirates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgulf%2Fuae%2Fgovernment%2Flist-of-terror-groups-published-by-uae-1.1413219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140925112708/http://www.straitstimes.com/news/asia/south-east-asia/story/malaysia-designates-isis-terrorist-group-vows-tough-action-report-20">"Malaysia designates ISIS as terrorist group, vows tough action: Report"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Review+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Estimates+on+the+Global+Threat+of+Islamic+State+Terrorism+in+the+Face+of+the+2015+Paris+and+Copenhagen+Attacks&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2702356%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Tausch&rft.aufirst=Arno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rubincenter.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F08%2FTausch-YC1-revised-YC-au1-ADDED-GRAPHS-PDF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ISIS" class="extiw" title="wikt:ISIS">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Islamic_State" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Islamic State">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Islamic_State" class="extiw" title="q:Islamic State">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701014856/http://www.cfr.org/iraq/islamic-state/p14811">The Islamic State</a> by <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.counterextremism.com/threat/isis">ISIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Counter_Extremism_Project" title="Counter Extremism Project">Counter Extremism Project</a> profile</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35695648">"'Islamic State': Raqqa's loss seals rapid rise and fall"</a> by <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontline (U.S. TV series)">Frontline</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.pbs.org/video/2365297690/">Losing Iraq</a> (July 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906175013/http://video.pbs.org/video/2365356572/">The Rise of ISIS</a> (October 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.pbs.org/video/2365496883/">Obama at War</a> (May 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.pbs.org/video/2365527957/">Escaping ISIS</a> (July 2015), documentaries by <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/video/islamic-state-full-length">The Islamic State</a>, August 2014 documentary by <a href="/wiki/Vice_News" title="Vice News">Vice News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/Data/articles/Art_20733/101_14_Ef_1329270214.pdf">"ISIS: Portrait of a Jihadi Terrorist Organization"</a>, report by the <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_Terrorism_Information_Center" title="Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center">Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defense.gov/News/Special-Reports/0814_Inherent-Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve updates</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-group-that-calls-itself-a-state-understanding-the-evolution-and-challenges-of-the-islamic-state">"The Group That Calls Itself a State"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519170150/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-group-that-calls-itself-a-state-understanding-the-evolution-and-challenges-of-the-islamic-state">Archived</a> 19 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, publication by the <a href="/wiki/Combating_Terrorism_Center" title="Combating Terrorism Center">Combating Terrorism Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230823111039/https://nordicmonitor.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/N2318974.pdf">Letter dated 24 July 2023 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Da'esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertaking</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 23 August 2023), publication by the United Nations Security Council</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_State" title="Template:Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_State" title="Template talk:Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Names of the Islamic State">Names of the Islamic State</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Islamic_State" title="List of leaders of the Islamic State">List of leaders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hudhayfah_Al-Ansari" title="Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari">Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Mumin" title="Abdul Qadir Mumin">Abdul Qadir Mumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Fatima_al-Jaheishi" title="Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi">Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusaf" title="Abu Yusaf">Abu Yusaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Baraa_el-Azdi" title="Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi">Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Habib_al-Libi" title="Abu Habib al-Libi">Abu Habib al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Masri" title="Abu Jandal al-Masri">Abu Jandal al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfi_Hoxha" title="Zulfi Hoxha">Zulfi Hoxha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajro_Ikanovi%C4%87" title="Bajro Ikanović">Bajro Ikanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faysal_Ahmad_Ali_al-Zahrani" title="Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani">Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatiha_Mejjati" title="Fatiha Mejjati">Fatiha Mejjati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlam_al-Nasr" title="Ahlam al-Nasr">Ahlam al-Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issam_Abuanza" title="Issam Abuanza">Issam Abuanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Baluku" title="Musa Baluku">Musa Baluku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ahmad_al-Alwani" title="Abu Ahmad al-Alwani">Abu Ahmad al-Alwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bakr" title="Haji Bakr">Haji Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Usamah_al-Maghrebi" title="Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi">Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi" title="Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi">Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhannad_al-Suwaydawi" title="Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi">Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_Aliza" title="Abdul Rauf Aliza">Abdul Rauf Aliza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf_(Islamic_State_leader)" title="Abu Sayyaf (Islamic State leader)">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Awni_al-Harzi" title="Ali Awni al-Harzi">Ali Awni al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_al-Harzi" title="Tariq al-Harzi">Tariq al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khattab_al-Tunisi" title="Abu Khattab al-Tunisi">Abu Khattab al-Tunisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_Meshaal" title="Maher Meshaal">Maher Meshaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Saleh" title="Abu Saleh">Abu Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadi_John" title="Jihadi John">Mohammed Emwazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Waheeb" title="Abu Waheeb">Abu Waheeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Aswad_al-Jiburi" title="Ali Aswad al-Jiburi">Ali Aswad al-Jiburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El-Hassen_Ould_Khalill_Jouleibib" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib">El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Furqan" title="Abu Muhammad al-Furqan">Abu Muhammad al-Furqan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Kuwaiti" title="Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti">Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bilal_al-Harbi" title="Abu Bilal al-Harbi">Abu Bilal al-Harbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Abousamra" title="Ahmad Abousamra">Ahmad Abousamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki_al-Binali" title="Turki al-Binali">Turki al-Binali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tareq_Kamleh" title="Tareq Kamleh">Tareq Kamleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavdrim_Muhaxheri" title="Lavdrim Muhaxheri">Lavdrim Muhaxheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Osama_al-Masri" title="Abu Osama al-Masri">Abu Osama al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul-Hasan_al-Muhajir" title="Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir">Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Shimali" title="Abu Muhammad al-Shimali">Abu Muhammad al-Shimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulmurod_Khalimov" title="Gulmurod Khalimov">Gulmurod Khalimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Nasser_Qardash" title="Abdul Nasser Qardash">Abdul Nasser Qardash</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yasser_al-Issawi" title="Abu Yasser al-Issawi">Abu Yasser al-Issawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf al-Hindi">Yusuf al-Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Muhajir" title="Abu Omar al-Muhajir">Abu Omar al-Muhajir</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othman_al-Nazih" title="Othman al-Nazih">Othman al-Nazih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Udeen_Al-Harith" title="Jamal Udeen Al-Harith">Jamal Udeen Al-Harith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aine_Davis" title="Aine Davis">Aine Davis</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexanda_Kotey" title="Alexanda Kotey">Alexanda Kotey</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shafee_Elsheikh" title="El Shafee Elsheikh">El Shafee Elsheikh</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Cuspert" title="Denis Cuspert">Denis Cuspert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abaaoud" title="Abdelhamid Abaaoud">Abdelhamid Abaaoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boubaker_El_Hakim" title="Boubaker El Hakim">Boubaker El Hakim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State" title="History of the Islamic State">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> (1999–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a> (2004–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> (2006–2013)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Name">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islamic State</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Timeline of events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2016)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2017)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2018)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2019)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2021" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2022" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2023" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2024)">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Specific_territorial_claims" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province (Afghanistan and Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province" title="Islamic State – Libya Province">Libyan Provinces (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" title="Islamic State – Caucasus Province">Caucasus Province (North Caucasus, Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province" title="Islamic State – Sinai Province">Sinai Province (Sinai, Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province" title="Islamic State – Algeria Province">Algeria Province (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province" title="Islamic State – Yemen Province">Yemen Province (Yemen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Somalia">Abnaa ul-Khilafah (Somalia and Somaliland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province" title="Islamic State – Bengal Province">Bengal Province (Bangladesh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Mali)</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – West Africa Province">West Africa Province (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – Central Africa Province">Central Africa Province (DR Congo and Uganda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State – Sahil Province">Sahil Province (Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Hind_Province" title="Islamic State – Hind Province">Hind Province (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Pakistan_Province" title="Islamic State – Pakistan Province">Pakistan Province ((Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province" title="Islamic State – Turkey Province">Turkey Province (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic State – Mozambique Province (page does not exist)">Mozambique Province (Mozambique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (Syria)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (Gaza)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf (Philippines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_Khalifa_Philippines" title="Ansar Khalifa Philippines">Ansar Khalifa (Philippines)</a> (2014–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Khilafah_Brazil" title="Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil">Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil (Brazil)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Indonesia_Mujahideen" title="East Indonesia Mujahideen">East Indonesia Mujahideen (Indonesia)</a> (2014–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorganized cells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Azerbaijan" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Azerbaijan Province (Azerbaijan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Islamic State in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir Province (Jammu and Kashmir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan" title="Islamic State in Kurdistan">Kurdistan Province (Kurdistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Saudi_Arabia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Haramayn Province (Saudi Arabia and Bahrain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Lebanon Province (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Jund al Khilafah in Tunisia (Tunisia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Brussels Islamic State terror cell (Belgium)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Insurgency (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Opposition–Islamic State conflict during the Syrian civil war">Opposition–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Second Libyan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Conflict with Taliban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict (1968–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">Military intervention against IS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">US intervention in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish operation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hawija_clashes" title="2013 Hawija clashes">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sidi_Ali_Ben_Aoun" title="Battle of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun">Sidi Ali Ben Aoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">Anbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">N Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">N Iraq (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji" title="Fall of Baiji">Baiji (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">N Iraq (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Baiji (14–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Amirli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_(2015)" title="Fall of Nofaliya (2015)">Nofaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">W Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Niger_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Niger raid">Niger raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">E al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2015)" title="Battle of Sirte (2015)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama & Homs (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Yarmouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">W al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Ramadi (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">Al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs (Nov–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">E Aleppo (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Niveneh Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Fallujah (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_offensive_(2016)" title="Nangarhar offensive (2016)">Nangarhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ben_Guerdane" title="Battle of Ben Guerdane">Ben Guerdane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">Al-Qaryatayn (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">N Aleppo (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tipo-Tipo" title="Battle of Tipo-Tipo">Tipo-Tipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Ar-Rutbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">N Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">N al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">W al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">W al-Bab (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Mosul (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">E Aleppo (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">E Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Nineveh_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Western Nineveh offensive">W Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Syrian Desert (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Marawi" title="Siege of Marawi">Marawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">S Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">C Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Tal Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor (17–19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">E Syria (Sep–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">NW Syria (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">W Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">S Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug–Nov)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)#Battle_of_Hajin" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Hajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chinagodrar" title="Battle of Chinagodrar">Chinagodrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danag" title="Battle of Danag">Danag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moc%C3%ADmboa_da_Praia_offensive" title="Mocímboa da Praia offensive">Mocímboa da Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda_offensive" title="Al Bayda offensive">Al Bayda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit_(2021)" title="Battle of Tessit (2021)">Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palma" title="Battle of Palma">Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sambisa_Forest_(2021)" title="Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)">Sambisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Killing of Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Dangarous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi#Death" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Atme raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_(2022)" title="Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)">Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_(2022)" title="Battle of Talataye (2022)">Talataye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Falagountou" title="Battle of Falagountou">Falagountou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Belgium_shooting" title="Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting">Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu_ramming_attack" title="2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercacher_kosher_supermarket_siege" title="Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege">Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">Beheading of Copts in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack" title="2015 Corinthia Hotel attack">Corinthia Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qubbah_bombings" title="Al Qubbah bombings">Al Qubbah bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack" title="Bardo National Museum attack">Bardo National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings" title="March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings">Sanaa bombings (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Culwell_Center_attack" title="Curtis Culwell Center attack">Curtis Culwell Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_and_Dammam_mosque_bombings" title="Qatif and Dammam mosque bombings">Qatif & Dammam bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_June_2015_Islamist_attacks" title="26 June 2015 Islamist attacks">26 June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier_attack" title="Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack">Saint-Quentin-Fallavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kuwait_mosque_bombing" title="2015 Kuwait mosque bombing">Kuwait mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sousse_attacks" title="2015 Sousse attacks">Sousse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing" title="2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing">Khan Bani Saad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru%C3%A7_bombing" title="Suruç bombing">Suruç bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2015 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombing" title="September 2015 Sanaa mosque bombing">Sanaa bombing (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ankara_bombings" title="2015 Ankara bombings">Ankara bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Saihat_shooting" title="2015 Saihat shooting">Saihat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrojet_Flight_9268" title="Metrojet Flight 9268">Metrojet Flight 9268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Beirut_bombings" title="2015 Beirut bombings">Beirut bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">Paris (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Tunis_bombing" title="2015 Tunis bombing">Tunis bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack" title="2015 San Bernardino attack">San Bernardino attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zliten_truck_bombing" title="Zliten truck bombing">Zliten truck bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hurghada_attack" title="2016 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="January 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Jakarta_attacks" title="2016 Jakarta attacks">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing" title="2016 Ramadi bombing">Ramadi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasin_mosque_attack" title="Mahasin mosque attack">Mahasin mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attack">Sayyidah Zaynab (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre" title="2016 Mosul massacre">Mosul massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab bombings">Sayyidah Zaynab bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="March 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings" title="2016 Brussels bombings">Brussels bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aden_car_bombing" title="2016 Aden car bombing">Aden bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing" title="Iskandariya suicide bombing">Iskandariya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2016 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing" title="2016 Samawa bombing">Samawa bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Gaziantep_bombing" title="May 2016 Gaziantep bombing">Gaziantep bombing (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (11 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres" title="Real Madrid fan club massacres">Real Madrid fan club massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack" title="2016 Taji gas plant attack">Baghdad gas plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Yemen_police_bombings" title="May 2016 Yemen police bombings">Yemen police bombings (15 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (17 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">Jableh & Tartous bombings (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_May_2016_Yemen_bombings" title="23 May 2016 Yemen bombings">Yemen bombings (23 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aktobe_shootings" title="2016 Aktobe shootings">Aktobe shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting" title="Pulse nightclub shooting">Pulse nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Magnanville_stabbing" title="2016 Magnanville stabbing">Magnanville stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2016_Mukalla_attacks" title="June 2016 Mukalla attacks">Mukalla (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Movida_Bar_grenade_attack" title="2016 Movida Bar grenade attack">Movida Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atat%C3%BCrk_Airport_attack" title="2016 Atatürk Airport attack">Atatürk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Dhaka_attack" title="July 2016 Dhaka attack">Dhaka (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing" title="2016 Karrada bombing">Karrada bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack">Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack" title="2016 Nice truck attack">Nice truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_train_attack" title="Würzburg train attack">Würzburg train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ansbach_bombing" title="2016 Ansbach bombing">Ansbach bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Normandy_church_attack" title="2016 Normandy church attack">Normandy church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_stabbing_of_Charleroi_police_officers" title="2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers">Charleroi stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shchelkovo_Highway_police_station_attack" title="Shchelkovo Highway police station attack">Shchelkovo Highway police station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2016_Aden_bombing" title="August 2016 Aden bombing">Aden bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">Syria bombings (5 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (9 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks" title="October 2016 Baghdad attacks">Baghdad bombings (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Quetta_police_training_college_attack" title="2016 Quetta police training college attack">Quetta police college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre" title="Hamam al-Alil massacre">Hamam al-Alil massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khuzdar_bombing" title="2016 Khuzdar bombing">Khuzdar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samarinda_church_bombing" title="2016 Samarinda church bombing">Samarinda bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">Hillah bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Aden_suicide_bombings" title="December 2016 Aden suicide bombings">Aden bombings (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botroseya_Church_bombing" title="Botroseya Church bombing">Botroseya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Al-Karak_attack" title="2016 Al-Karak attack">Al-Karak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack" title="2016 Berlin truck attack">Berlin truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Sefter_Ta%C5%9F_and_Fethi_%C5%9Eahin" title="Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin">Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_nightclub_shooting" title="Istanbul nightclub shooting">Istanbul nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2,_2017_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2, 2017 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (2 Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehwan_suicide_bombing" title="Sehwan suicide bombing">Sehwan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Kabul_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2017 Kabul attack">Kabul (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_attack" title="2017 Westminster attack">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing" title="2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing">St Petersburg Metro bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday_church_bombings" title="Palm Sunday church bombings">Egypt church bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mastung_suicide_bombing" title="2017 Mastung suicide bombing">Mastung bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jakarta_bombings" title="2017 Jakarta bombings">Jakarta bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Minya_bus_attack" title="2017 Minya bus attack">Minya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing" title="Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing">Al-Faqma bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack" title="2017 London Bridge attack">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Brighton_siege" title="2017 Brighton siege">Brighton siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Pakistan_attacks" title="June 2017 Pakistan attacks">Pakistan attacks (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Hurghada_attack" title="2017 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="August 2017 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Barcelona_attacks" title="2017 Barcelona attacks">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Brussels_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2017 Brussels attack">Brussels (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks" title="2017 Nasiriyah attacks">Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (20 Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_York_City_truck_attack" title="2017 New York City truck attack">New York City truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Sinai_mosque_attack" title="2017 Sinai mosque attack">Sinai mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_December_2017_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (28 Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Saint_Menas_church" title="Attack on Saint Menas church">Saint Menas church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Baghdad_bombings" title="2018 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_Jalalabad_attack" title="Save the Children Jalalabad attack">Save The Children Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizlyar_church_shooting" title="Kizlyar church shooting">Kizlyar church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne_and_Tr%C3%A8bes_attack" title="Carcassonne and Trèbes attack">Carcasonne & Trèbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (22 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombings" title="30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings">Kabul bombings (30 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_attack_on_the_High_National_Elections_Commission_in_Tripoli,_Libya" title="2018 attack on the High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mako_Brimob_standoff" title="2018 Mako Brimob standoff">Mako Brimob standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Paris_knife_attack" title="2018 Paris knife attack">Paris knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_bombings" title="Surabaya bombings">Surabaya bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Li%C3%A8ge_attack" title="2018 Liège attack">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mastung_and_Bannu_bombings" title="2018 Mastung and Bannu bombings">Mastung & Bannu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="2018 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Tajikistan_tourist_attack" title="2018 Tajikistan tourist attack">Tajikistan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2018_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2018 Kabul attacks">Kabul (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">Ahvaz military parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Minya_bus_attack" title="2018 Minya bus attack">Minya bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Melbourne_stabbing_attack" title="2018 Melbourne stabbing attack">Melbourne stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Louisa_Vesterager_Jespersen_and_Maren_Ueland" title="Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland">Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Jolo_Cathedral_bombings" title="2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings">Jolo Cathedral bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainthamaruthu_shootout" title="Sainthamaruthu shootout">Sainthamaruthu shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="17 August 2019 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (17 Aug)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting" title="6 March 2020 Kabul shooting">Kabul shooting (6 Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_gurdwara_attack" title="Kabul gurdwara attack">Kabul gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitaxi_massacre" title="Xitaxi massacre">Xitaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalalabad_prison_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalalabad prison attack">Jalalabad prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Jolo_bombings" title="2020 Jolo bombings">Jolo bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kabul_University_attack" title="2020 Kabul University attack">Kabul University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Vienna_attack" title="2020 Vienna attack">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="December 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Machh_attack" title="2021 Machh attack">Machh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2021_Baghdad_bombings" title="January 2021 Baghdad bombings">January Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing" title="2021 Kabul school bombing">Kabul school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">Kabul airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kunduz_mosque_bombing" title="2021 Kunduz mosque bombing">Kunduz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kandahar_bombing" title="2021 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uganda_bombings" title="2021 Uganda bombings">Kampala bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_hospital_attack" title="2021 Kabul hospital attack">Kabul hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Diyala_massacre" title="2022 Diyala massacre">Diyala massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Peshawar_mosque_attack" title="2022 Peshawar mosque attack">Peshawar mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hadera_shooting" title="2022 Hadera shooting">Hadera shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_mosque_bombing" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing">Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_minivan_bombings" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings">Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourasso_and_Namissiguima_massacres" title="Bourasso and Namissiguima massacres">Bourasso and Namissiguima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuje_prison_break" title="Kuje prison break">Kuje prison break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_August_2022_Kabul_bombing" title="5 August 2022 Kabul bombing">5 August Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2022_Kabul_mosque_bombing" title="August 2022 Kabul mosque bombing">August Kabul mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Russian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul">Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Shah_Cheragh_attack" title="2022 Shah Cheragh attack">Shah Cheragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kabul_hotel_attack" title="2022 Kabul hotel attack">Kabul hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kabul_airport_bombing" title="2023 Kabul airport bombing">Kabul airport bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Afghanistan_bombing" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Khar_bombing" title="2023 Khar bombing">Khar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras_school_stabbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Arras school stabbing">Arras school stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pul-i-Khumri_bombing" title="2023 Pul-i-Khumri bombing">Pul-i-Khumri bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brussels_shooting" title="2023 Brussels shooting">Brussels shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2023_Kabul_bombing" title="November 2023 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Paris_attack" title="2023 Paris attack">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao_State_University_bombing" title="Mindanao State University bombing">Mindanao State University bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerman_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerman bombings">Kerman bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Istanbul_church_shooting" title="2024 Istanbul church shooting">Istanbul church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Balochistan_bombings" title="2024 Balochistan bombings">Balochistan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sibi_bombing" title="2024 Sibi bombing">Sibi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucojo_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucojo attack">Mucojo attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Karabulak_clash" title="2024 Karabulak clash">Karabulak clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kandahar_New_Kabul_Bank_bombing" title="2024 Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing">Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tillab%C3%A9ri_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Tillabéri attack">Tillabéri attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Guzara_Attack" title="2024 Guzara Attack">2024 Guzara Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bamyan_shooting" title="2024 Bamyan shooting">2024 Bamyan shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Beirut_US_embassy_shooting" title="2024 Beirut US embassy shooting">2024 Beirut US embassy shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don_pre-trial_detention_center_hostage_crisis" title="Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis">Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Dagestan_attacks" title="2024 Dagestan attacks">2024 Dagestan attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_attack_on_the_Israeli_embassy_in_Belgrade" title="2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade">2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Muscat_mosque_shooting" title="2024 Muscat mosque shooting">2024 Muscat mosque shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kabul_bus_bombing" title="2024 Kabul bus bombing">2024 Kabul bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surovikino_penal_colony_hostage_crisis" title="Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis">Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Solingen_stabbing" title="2024 Solingen stabbing">2024 Solingen stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qala_Bakhtiar_bombing" title="2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing">2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Afghanistan_bus_shooting" title="2024 Afghanistan bus shooting">2024 Afghanistan bus shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qusar_attack" title="2024 Qusar attack">2024 Qusar attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finances_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Finances of the Islamic State">Finances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Ideology of the Islamic State">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_Health_Service" title="Islamic State Health Service">Medicare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Armoured warfare of the Islamic State">Armoured warfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State">Genocide of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Persecution of Shias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Genocide of Yazidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Genocide of Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_gay_and_bisexual_men_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of gay and bisexual men by the Islamic State">Persecution of gay and bisexual men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_captives_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Killing of captives by the Islamic State">Killing of captives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_beheading_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State beheading incidents">Beheading incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">Destruction of cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_occupation_of_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS occupation of Mosul">Occupation of Mosul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_executions_in_ISIL-occupied_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass executions in ISIL-occupied Mosul">Executions in Mosul</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Philippines and the Islamic State">Philippines and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_Islamic_State" title="United Kingdom and the Islamic State">United Kingdom and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State">Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War_and_War_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian Civil War and War in Iraq">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_changes_due_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Name changes due to the Islamic State">Name changes due to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_the_Islamic_State_in_American_media" title="Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media">Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations" title="Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations">Connection with Saddam Regime and Baath Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Terrorist cell in Brussels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Territorial claims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">al-Barakah district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaboration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Second_Message_to_America" title="A Second Message to America">A Second Message to America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayan_(radio_station)" title="Al-Bayan (radio station)">Al-Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Furat_Media_Center" title="Al-Furat Media Center">Al-Furat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hayat_Media_Center" title="Al-Hayat Media Center">Al-Hayat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Naba" title="Al-Naba">Al-Naba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency" title="Amaq News Agency">Amaq News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_al-Islam_(magazine)" title="Dar al-Islam (magazine)">Dar al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(magazine)" title="Dabiq (magazine)">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawlat_al-Islam_Qamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawlat al-Islam Qamat">Dawlat al-Islam Qamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huroof" title="Huroof">Huroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27lam_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="I'lam foundation">I'lam foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istok_(magazine)" title="Istok (magazine)">Istok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantiniyye_(magazine)" title="Konstantiniyye (magazine)">Konstantiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumiyah_(magazine)" title="Rumiyah (magazine)">Rumiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatihin_Magazine" title="Al-Fatihin Magazine">Al-Fatihin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salil_al-Sawarim" title="Salil al-Sawarim">Salil al-Sawarim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS-chan" title="ISIS-chan">ISIS-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency">Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">Slavery in 21st-century jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template talk:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">War against the Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">American rescue mission</a> (4 July 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish intervention in Syria</a> (24 August 2016 – 29 March 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a> (30 September 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Syria</a> (November 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Syria</a> (2 December 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Syria</a> (4 December 2015 – 12 January 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war</a> (29 January 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a> (26–27 October 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Iraq & Kurdistan Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian-led intervention in Iraq</a> (13 June 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention in Iraq</a> (15 June 2014 – 9 December 2021) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2020%E2%80%932021)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2020–2021)">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Iraq</a> (9 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention in Iraq</a> (31 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact">Canadian intervention in Iraq</a> (4 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Iraq</a> (19 September 2014 – present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Iraq</a> (4 December 2015 – present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a> (16 February 2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Taliban security operations</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">American-led intervention in Afghanistan</a> (2015–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nangarhar_airstrike" title="2017 Nangarhar airstrike">2017 Nangarhar airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">First Battle of Tikrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mosul_Dam" title="Battle for Mosul Dam">Battle for Mosul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Battle of Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Siege of Amirli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suq_al_Ghazi" title="Battle of Suq al Ghazi">Battle of Suq al Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">December 2014 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Second Battle of Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Anbar campaign (2015–2016)">Anbar campaign (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city offensive (May–June 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Battle of al-Hasakah (June–August 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">2015 al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">November 2015 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Nineveh Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Siege of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Battle of Hit (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirqat_offensive_(2016)" title="Shirqat offensive (2016)">Mosul offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Battle of Sirte (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Third Battle of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">2016 Abu Kamal offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa (2017)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Battle of Tal Afar (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Battle of Hawija (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">2017 Western Iraq campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_aerial_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State aerial order of battle">Aerial order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_ground_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State ground order of battle">Ground order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_military_intervention_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="American military intervention in Cameroon">American military intervention in Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Response_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State">Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaborationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_the_international_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State">List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" title="Template:Armed groups in the Iraqi conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" title="Template talk:Armed groups in the Iraqi conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armed groups in the Iraqi conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Combatants of the Iraq War">Armed groups</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region"><img alt="Kurdistan Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi government">Iraqi government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Army">Iraqi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraqi Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Navy" title="Iraqi Navy">Iraqi Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_security_forces" title="Iraqi security forces">Iraqi security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Police" title="Iraqi Police">Iraqi Police</a> <ul><li>Iraqi Police Service</li> <li>National Police</li> <li>Supporting Forces</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilities_Protection_Service" title="Facilities Protection Service">Facilities Protection Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Ba'athists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries" title="General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries">General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li>General Command of the Armed Forces, Resistance and Liberation in Iraq</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Army_(Iraq)" title="Popular Army (Iraq)">Popular Army</a></li> <li>New Return</li> <li>Patriotic Front</li> <li>Political Media Organ of the Ba'ath Party</li> <li>Popular Resistance for the Liberation of Iraq</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Abud_Network" title="Al-Abud Network">Al-Abud Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Iraqi_Army" title="Free Iraqi Army">Free Iraqi Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Private_militias_in_Iraq" title="Private militias in Iraq">Militias</a> and others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islamic</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace Companies">Mahdi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Deraa" title="Abu Deraa">Abu Deraa</a>'s Mahdi Army faction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheibani_Network" title="Sheibani Network">Sheibani Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_of_Heaven" title="Soldiers of Heaven">Soldiers of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Iraqi_Forces" title="Free Iraqi Forces">Free Iraqi Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Groups_(Iraq)" title="Special Groups (Iraq)">Special Groups (Iraq)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Day_Brigade" title="Promised Day Brigade">Promised Day Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah" title="Kata'ib Hezbollah">Kata'ib Hezbollah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraya_Ansar_al-Aqeeda" title="Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda">Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_al-Imam_Ali" title="Kata'ib al-Imam Ali">Kata'ib al-Imam Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Jund_al-Imam" title="Kata'ib Jund al-Imam">Kata'ib Jund al-Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakat_Hezbollah_al-Nujaba" title="Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba">Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraya_al-Jihad" title="Saraya al-Jihad">Saraya al-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas_Forces" title="Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces">Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakat_Ansar_Allah_al-Awfiya" title="Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya">Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabak_Militia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabak Militia">Quwwat Sahl Ninawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Army" title="Mukhtar Army">Mukhtar Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas" title="Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas">Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Mu%27ammal" title="Jaysh al-Mu'ammal">Jaysh al-Mu'ammal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Ali_al-Akbar" title="Liwa Ali al-Akbar">Liwa Ali al-Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Resistance_in_Iraq_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Resistance in Iraq (2020–present)">Islamic Resistance in Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Sayyid_al-Shuhada" title="Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada">Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islamic</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_Mobilization" title="Tribal Mobilization">Tribal Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Iraq" title="Sons of Iraq">Awakening groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Revolution_Brigades" title="1920 Revolution Brigades">1920 Revolution Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Rashideen" title="Jaish al-Rashideen">Jaish al-Rashideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Army_in_Iraq" title="Islamic Army in Iraq">Islamic Army in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_for_the_Iraqi_Resistance" title="Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance">Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_of_Iraq" title="Hamas of Iraq">Hamas of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakat_Ahrar_al-Iraq" title="Harakat Ahrar al-Iraq">Harakat Ahrar al-Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks" title="Kurdistan Freedom Hawks">Kurdistan Freedom Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asay%C3%AE%C5%9Fa_%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Asayîşa Êzîdxanê">Asayîşa Êzîdxanê</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmens" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Turkmens">Turkmen</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_Front" title="Iraqi Turkmen Front">Iraqi Turkmen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">16Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">52nd Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">92nd Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">Brigade of Imam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">Sayyid al-Shuhada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">Bashir Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrian/Syriac</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nineveh_Plains" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains" title="Nineveh Plains">Nineveh Plains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units" title="Nineveh Plain Protection Units">Nineveh Plain Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plain_Forces" title="Nineveh Plain Forces">Nineveh Plain Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaraqosh_Protection_Committee" title="Qaraqosh Protection Committee">Qaraqosh Protection Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwekh_Nawsha" title="Dwekh Nawsha">Dwekh Nawsha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataib_Rouh_Allah_Issa_Ibn_Miriam" title="Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam">Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon_Movement" title="Babylon Movement">Babylon Brigade</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidi</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Asay%C3%AE%C5%9Fa_%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Asayîşa Êzîdxanê">Asayîşa Êzîdxanê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Protection_Force" title="Êzîdxan Protection Force">Êzîdxan Protection Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Alliance" title="Sinjar Alliance">Sinjar Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Women%27s_Units" title="Êzîdxan Women's Units">Êzîdxan Women's Units</a></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%9311)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)">Insurgents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Nationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Army_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Army (Iraq)">Mujahideen Army</a></li> <li>Mujahideen Battalions of the Salafi Group of Iraq</li> <li>Islamic Salafist Boy Scout Battalions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeish_Muhammad" title="Jeish Muhammad">Mohammad's Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salafist_jihadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafist jihadism">Salafi Jihadists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustafa_Army_in_Iraq" title="Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq">Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Banner_Organization" title="Black Banner Organization">Black Banner Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Theeb" title="Abu Theeb">Abu Theeb</a>'s group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Al-Salafi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army">Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Al-Basri_Brigades" title="Hassan Al-Basri Brigades">Hassan Al-Basri Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ansar_al-Sunna" title="Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna">Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Jaysh_Ahl_al-Sunnah_wa-l-Jamaah" title="Jamaat Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah">Jamaat Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islamic State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Ta%27ifa_al-Mansurah" title="Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah">Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_of_Islam_Brigade" title="Shield of Islam Brigade">Shield of Islam Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefulness_and_Holy_War" title="Wakefulness and Holy War">Wakefulness and Holy War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Flags" title="White Flags">White Flags</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Template:Islamic terrorism in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Islamic terrorism in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic terrorism in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Islamic terrorism in Europe">Islamic terrorism in Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Europe" title="Terrorism in Europe">Terrorism in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_violence" title="Islam and violence">Islam and violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Syrian Civil War">Spillover of the Syrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIL-related_terrorist_attacks_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL-related terrorist attacks in France">ISIL-related terrorist attacks in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_ISIL_terror_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels ISIL terror cell">Brussels ISIL terror cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannes-Torcy_cell" title="Cannes-Torcy cell">Cannes-Torcy cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_activities_in_Europe" title="Al-Qaeda activities in Europe">Al-Qaeda involvement in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_wolf_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lone wolf attacks">Lone wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing" title="2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing">2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shchelkovo_Highway_police_station_attack" title="Shchelkovo Highway police station attack">Shchelkovo Highway police station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Stockholm_bombings" title="2010 Stockholm bombings">2010 Stockholm bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Copenhagen_shootings" title="2015 Copenhagen shootings">2015 Copenhagen shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Stockholm_truck_attack" title="2017 Stockholm truck attack">2017 Stockholm truck attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Turku_attack" title="2017 Turku attack">2017 Turku attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Oslo_shooting" title="2022 Oslo shooting">2022 Oslo shooting</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="UnitedKingdom" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Terrorism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">2005 London bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Airport_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Airport attack">Glasgow Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lee_Rigby" title="Murder of Lee Rigby">Murder of Lee Rigby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_attack" title="2017 Westminster attack">2017 Westminster attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack" title="2017 London Bridge attack">2017 London Bridge attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsons_Green_train_bombing" title="Parsons Green train bombing">Parsons Green train bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_London_Bridge_stabbing" title="2019 London Bridge stabbing">2019 London Bridge stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Streatham_stabbing" title="2020 Streatham stabbing">2020 Streatham stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Reading_stabbings" title="2020 Reading stabbings">2020 Reading stabbings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_David_Amess" title="Murder of David Amess">Murder of David Amess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Istanbul_bombings" title="2003 Istanbul bombings">2003 Istanbul bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">2004 Madrid train bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Barcelona_attacks" title="2017 Barcelona attacks">2017 Barcelona attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Vienna_attack" title="2020 Vienna attack">2020 Vienna attack</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_activity_in_Belgium" title="Terrorist activity in Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Belgium_shooting" title="Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting">Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings" title="2016 Brussels bombings">2016 Brussels bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_stabbing_of_Charleroi_police_officers" title="2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers">2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_stabbing_of_Brussels_police_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 stabbing of Brussels police officers">2016 stabbing of Brussels police officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Brussels_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="June 2017 Brussels attack">June 2017 Brussels attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Brussels_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2017 Brussels attack">August 2017 Brussels attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Li%C3%A8ge_attack" title="2018 Liège attack">2018 Liège attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_France" title="List of terrorist incidents in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_France_Flight_8969" title="Air France Flight 8969">Air France Flight 8969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_France_bombings" title="1995 France bombings">1995 bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse_and_Montauban_shootings" title="Toulouse and Montauban shootings">Toulouse and Montauban shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_La_D%C3%A9fense_attack" title="2013 La Défense attack">2013 La Défense attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Tours_police_station_stabbing" title="2014 Tours police station stabbing">2014 Tours police station stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_%C3%8Ele-de-France_attacks" title="January 2015 Île-de-France attacks">2015 Île-de-France attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting" title="Charlie Hebdo shooting">Charlie Hebdo shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercacher_kosher_supermarket_siege" title="Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege">Hypercacher siege</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nice_stabbing" title="2015 Nice stabbing">2015 Nice stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier_attack" title="Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack">Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Thalys_train_attack" title="2015 Thalys train attack">2015 Thalys train attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">2015 Paris attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Paris_police_station_attack" title="January 2016 Paris police station attack">2016 Paris police station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Magnanville_stabbing" title="2016 Magnanville stabbing">2016 Magnanville stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack" title="2016 Nice truck attack">2016 Nice truck attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Normandy_church_attack" title="2016 Normandy church attack">2016 Normandy church attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Orly_Airport_attack" title="2017 Orly Airport attack">2017 Orly Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_attack" title="April 2017 Champs-Élysées attack">2017 Champs-Élysées attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_attack" title="2017 Notre-Dame de Paris attack">2017 Notre Dame attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_car_ramming_attack" title="June 2017 Champs-Élysées car ramming attack">2017 Champs-Élysées ramming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Levallois-Perret_attack" title="2017 Levallois-Perret attack">Levallois-Perret attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Marseille_stabbing" title="2017 Marseille stabbing">2017 Marseille stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne_and_Tr%C3%A8bes_attack" title="Carcassonne and Trèbes attack">Carcassonne and Trèbes attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Paris_knife_attack" title="2018 Paris knife attack">2018 Paris knife attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Strasbourg_attack" title="2018 Strasbourg attack">2018 Strasbourg attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Lyon_bombing" title="2019 Lyon bombing">2019 Lyon bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_police_headquarters_stabbing" title="Paris police headquarters stabbing">Paris police headquarters stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Romans-sur-Is%C3%A8re_knife_attack" title="2020 Romans-sur-Isère knife attack">2020 Romans-sur-Isère knife attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Paris_stabbing_attack" title="2020 Paris stabbing attack">2020 Paris stabbing attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Samuel_Paty" title="Murder of Samuel Paty">Murder of Samuel Paty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nice_stabbing" title="2020 Nice stabbing">2020 Nice stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambouillet_knife_attack" title="Rambouillet knife attack">Rambouillet knife attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Germany" title="Terrorism in Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Frankfurt_Airport_shooting" title="2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting">2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_stabbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanover stabbing">Hanover stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_train_attack" title="Würzburg train attack">Würzburg train attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ansbach_bombing" title="2016 Ansbach bombing">2016 Ansbach bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack" title="2016 Berlin truck attack">2016 Berlin truck attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Hamburg_knife_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Hamburg knife attack">2017 Hamburg knife attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Dresden_knife_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Dresden knife attack">2020 Dresden knife attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of terrorist incidents in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_(film_director)" title="Theo van Gogh (film director)">Murder of Theo van Gogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Amsterdam_stabbing_attack" title="2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack">2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_tram_shooting" title="Utrecht tram shooting">2019 Utrecht tram shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counter- terrorism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Sentinelle" title="Opération Sentinelle">Opération Sentinelle, France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vigilant_Guardian" title="Operation Vigilant Guardian">Operation Vigilant Guardian, Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Temperer" title="Operation Temperer">Operation Temperer, UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Raids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Norway_terror_threat" title="2014 Norway terror threat">2014 anti-terrorism operations in Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_anti-terrorism_operations_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2015 anti-terrorism operations in Belgium">January 2015 anti-terrorism operations in Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_lockdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels lockdown">Brussels lockdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_police_raids" title="2016 Brussels police raids">2016 Brussels police raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Saint-Denis_raid" title="2015 Saint-Denis raid">2015 Saint-Denis, France raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Petersburg_raid" title="2017 St. Petersburg raid">2017 Saint Petersburg raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamism" title="Template:Islamism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamism" title="Template talk:Islamism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism_in_Iran" title="Islamic fundamentalism in Iran">Shia Islamism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_governance" title="Islamic governance">Islamic governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_democracy" title="Islam and democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_monarchy" title="Islamic monarchy">Islamic monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamistan" title="Islamistan">Islamistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_knowledge" title="Islamization of knowledge">of knowledge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Islamism" title="Post-Islamism">Post-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">Shura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_model" title="Turkish model">Turkish model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Ummah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Socio-political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_movement" title="Deobandi movement">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir_Britain" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain">in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir_in_Central_Asia" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia">in Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Defenders_Front" title="Islamic Defenders Front">Islamic Defenders Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt">in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Syria">in Syria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties" title="List of Islamic political parties">Political parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Algeria_Alliance" title="Green Algeria Alliance">Green Algeria Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennahda" title="Ennahda">Ennahda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Constitutional_Movement" title="Islamic Constitutional Movement">Hadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Salvation_Front" title="Islamic Salvation Front">Islamic Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan">Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat-e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiat-e Islami">Jamiat-e Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Construction_Party" title="Justice and Construction Party">Justice and Construction Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Morocco)" title="Justice and Development Party (Morocco)">Justice and Development Party (Morocco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_Party_(Sudan)" title="National Congress Party (Sudan)">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iraqi_Alliance" title="National Iraqi Alliance">National Iraqi Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">Malaysian Islamic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperous_Justice_Party" title="Prosperous Justice Party">Prosperous Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Wefaq" title="Al Wefaq">Al Wefaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">Welfare Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_Alliance" title="Fatah Alliance">Fatah Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Law_Coalition" title="State of Law Coalition">State of Law Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Action_Front" title="Islamic Action Front">Islamic Action Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_List" title="United Arab List">United Arab List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Ansar Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Islamic modernism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political leaders</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Afghani" title="Jamal al-Din al-Afghani">Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Banna" title="Hassan al-Banna">Hassan al-Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rached_Ghannouchi" title="Rached Ghannouchi">Rached Ghannouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safwat_Hegazi" title="Safwat Hegazi">Safwat Hegazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Ali_Hasani_Nadwi" title="Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi">Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Nabhani" title="Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani">Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mullah Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ramadan" title="Tariq Ramadan">Tariq Ramadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Abu_Rashta" title="Ata Abu Rashta">Ata Abu Rashta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navvab_Safavi" title="Navvab Safavi">Navvab Safavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo" title="Omar Bongo">Omar Bongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Ali Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Shariatullah" title="Haji Shariatullah">Haji Shariatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Turabi" title="Hassan al-Turabi">Hassan al-Turabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizieq_Shihab" title="Rizieq Shihab">Rizieq Shihab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Salafi_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties#Salafist" title="List of Islamic political parties">Political</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Asalah" title="Al Asalah">Al Asalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_Party" title="Authenticity Party">Authenticity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)" title="Al-Islah (Yemen)">Al-Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nour_Party" title="Al-Nour Party">Al-Nour Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_Bloc" title="Islamist Bloc">Islamist Bloc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Party" title="People Party">People Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Kashgar_Party" title="Young Kashgar Party">Young Kashgar Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement#Prominent_Salafi_scholars_by_country" title="Salafi movement">Major figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqbil_bin_Hadi_al-Wadi%27i" title="Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i">Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safar_al-Hawali" title="Safar al-Hawali">Safar al-Hawali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabee_al-Madkhali" title="Rabee al-Madkhali">Rabee al-Madkhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Al-Munajjid" title="Muhammad Al-Munajjid">Muhammad Al-Munajjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Naik" title="Zakir Naik">Zakir Naik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_al-Ouda" title="Salman al-Ouda">Salman al-Ouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Tamimi" title="Ali al-Tamimi">Ali al-Tamimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthaymin" title="Al-Uthaymin">Al-Uthaymin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism" title="International propagation of Salafism">International propagation of Salafism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_police" title="Islamic religious police">Islamic religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro-Islam" title="Petro-Islam">Petro-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi%E2%80%93Sufi_relations" title="Salafi–Sufi relations">Salafi–Sufi relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Militant_Islamism/Jihadism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Militant Islamism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Militant Islamism based in <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East">MENA region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Egyptian Islamic Jihad">Egyptian Islamic Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia">South Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">in North Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Azzam" title="Abdullah Yusuf Azzam">Abdullah Yusuf Azzam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Mansour" title="Akhtar Mansour">Akhtar Mansour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mullah Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhayman_al-Otaybi" title="Juhayman al-Otaybi">Juhayman al-Otaybi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdel-Rahman" title="Omar Abdel-Rahman">Omar Abdel-Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_violence" title="Islam and violence">Islam and violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talibanization" title="Talibanization">Talibanization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Reconstruction_of_Religious_Thought_in_Islam" title="The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam">Reconstruction (Iqbal, 1930s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Hadith_of_Ruhullah_Khomeini" title="Forty Hadith of Ruhullah Khomeini">Forty Hadith (Khomeini, 1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Principles_of_State_and_Government_in_Islam" title="The Principles of State and Government in Islam"> Principles (Asad, 1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milestones_(book)" title="Milestones (book)">Milestones (Qutb, 1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Government" title="Islamic Government">Islamic Government (Khomeini, 1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Declaration" title="Islamic Declaration">Islamic Declaration (Izetbegović, 1969-1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Book_(Gaddafi)" title="The Green Book (Gaddafi)"> The Green Book (Gaddafi, 1975)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Historical events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Arab_and_Islamic_Congress" title="Popular Arab and Islamic Congress">Popular Arab and Islamic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Campaign" title="Faith Campaign">Faith Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy" title="Contemporary Islamic philosophy">Contemporary Islamic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_modernity" title="Islam and modernity">Islamic response to modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">Islamic revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_and_Islamic_terrorism_in_the_Balkans" title="Islamism and Islamic terrorism in the Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Islamism in the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_Sudan" title="Islamism in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islamism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political aspects of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Islam" title="Political Islam">Political Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Islam in <a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Islam in South Asia">South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamism_in_North_Africa" title="Template:Islamism in North Africa">North Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_on_terror" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_on_terror" title="Template:War on terror"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_on_terror" title="Template talk:War on terror"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_on_terror" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War on terror"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_on_terror" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011) (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_of_terrorism" title="Symbolism of terrorism">Symbolism of terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_bin_Laden" title="Hamza bin Laden">Hamza bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirajuddin_Haqqani" title="Sirajuddin Haqqani">Sirajuddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Haqqani" title="Jalaluddin Haqqani">Jalaluddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Haqqani" title="Anas Haqqani">Anas Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Haqqani" title="Khalil Haqqani">Khalil Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Saeed" title="Hafiz Saeed">Hafiz Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Mohamed_Ahmed_Bahaziq" title="Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq">Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkat-ul-Jihad_al-Islami" title="Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami">Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Mujahideen" title="Hizbul Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union" title="Islamic Courts Union">Islamic Courts Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan">Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">OEF – Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Train_and_Equip_Program" title="Georgia Train and Equip Program">Georgia Train and Equip Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Sustainment_and_Stability_Operations_Program" title="Georgia Sustainment and Stability Operations Program">Georgia Sustainment and Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">OEF – Horn of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">OEF – Trans Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Active_Endeavour" title="Operation Active Endeavour">Operation Active Endeavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Terrorism in Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">2007 Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_Memos" title="Torture Memos">Torture Memos</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2009" title="Military Commissions Act of 2009">Military Commissions Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Surveillance_Program" title="President's Surveillance Program">President's Surveillance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protect_America_Act_of_2007" title="Protect America Act of 2007">Protect America Act of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_Surveillance_Program" title="Terrorist Surveillance Program">Terrorist Surveillance Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of Civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatant_Status_Review_Tribunal" title="Combatant Status Review Tribunal">Combatant Status Review Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">Criticism of the war on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Enhanced interrogation techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_prisoners_of_the_United_States" title="Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States">Extrajudicial prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">Extraordinary rendition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Noble_Eagle" title="Operation Noble Eagle">Operation Noble Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Assist" title="Operation Eagle Assist">Operation Eagle Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">State Sponsors of Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposition_Matrix" title="Disposition Matrix">Targeted killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killing_in_International_Law" title="Targeted Killing in International Law">Targeted Killing in International Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killings" title="Targeted Killings">Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage_(organisation)" title="Cage (organisation)">CAGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:War_on_terror" title="Category:War on terror">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror" class="extiw" title="commons:War on terror">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429253#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/310712497">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1914325/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1070104361">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2014059810">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16939442c">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16939442c">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001191432">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an53928808">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0196518&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm14cjh757wn280">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007522727705171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000159948">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614991206706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/183615298">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State&oldid=1258836949">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State&oldid=1258836949</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1999_establishments_in_Jordan" title="Category:1999 establishments in Jordan">1999 establishments in Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Americanism" title="Category:Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Category:Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Israeli_sentiment" title="Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment">Anti-Israeli sentiment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Zionism_in_Iraq" title="Category:Anti-Zionism in Iraq">Anti-Zionism in Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Zionism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Category:Anti-Zionism in the Arab world">Anti-Zionism in the Arab world</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Category:Anti-Hindu sentiment">Anti-Hindu sentiment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Category:Anti-Shi'ism">Anti-Shi'ism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism_in_Iraq" title="Category:Antisemitism in Iraq">Antisemitism in Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Category:Anti-Western sentiment">Anti-Western sentiment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Zionism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Category:Anti-Zionism in the Middle East">Anti-Zionism in the Middle East</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Category:Antisemitism in the Middle East">Antisemitism in the Middle East</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caliphalism" title="Category:Caliphalism">Caliphalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Factions_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Category:Factions in the Iraq War">Factions in the Iraq War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_unrecognized_countries" title="Category:Former unrecognized countries">Former unrecognized countries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Groups_practising_sexual_slavery" title="Category:Groups practising sexual slavery">Groups practising sexual slavery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_terrorism" title="Category:International terrorism">International terrorism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islam-related_controversies" title="Category:Islam-related controversies">Islam-related controversies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamist_groups" title="Category:Islamist groups">Islamist groups</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamism_in_Iraq" title="Category:Islamism in Iraq">Islamism in Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamism_in_Syria" title="Category:Islamism in Syria">Islamism in Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1999" title="Category:Military units and formations established in 1999">Military units and formations established in 1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organisations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Australia" title="Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by Australia">Organisations designated as terrorist by Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Bahrain" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Bahrain">Organizations designated as terrorist by Bahrain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Canada" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada">Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_China" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by China">Organizations designated as terrorist by China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Egypt" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Egypt">Organizations designated as terrorist by Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organisations_designated_as_terrorist_by_India" title="Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India">Organisations designated as terrorist by India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organisations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Iran" title="Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by Iran">Organisations designated as terrorist by Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Iraq" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Iraq">Organizations designated as terrorist by Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Israel" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Israel">Organizations designated as terrorist by Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Kyrgyzstan" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Kyrgyzstan">Organizations designated as terrorist by Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organisations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Pakistan" title="Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by Pakistan">Organisations designated as terrorist by Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Paraguay" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Paraguay">Organizations designated as terrorist by Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Russia" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Russia">Organizations designated as terrorist by Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Syria" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Syria">Organizations designated as terrorist by Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Asia_designated_as_terrorist" title="Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist">Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organisations_designated_as_terrorist_by_the_European_Union" title="Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by the European Union">Organisations designated as terrorist by the European Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_Turkey" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Turkey">Organizations designated as terrorist by Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United Arab Emirates">Organizations designated as terrorist by the United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_by_the_United_States" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States">Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_established_in_1999" title="Category:Organizations established in 1999">Organizations established in 1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_organizations_that_oppose_LGBTQ_rights" title="Category:Islamic organizations that oppose LGBTQ rights">Islamic organizations that oppose LGBTQ rights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_Catholics" title="Category:Persecution of Catholics">Persecution of Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_Christians_by_ISIL" title="Category:Persecution of Christians by ISIL">Persecution of Christians by ISIL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_LGBTQ_people_in_Asia" title="Category:Persecution of LGBTQ people in Asia">Persecution of LGBTQ people in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_Yazidis_by_ISIL" title="Category:Persecution of Yazidis by ISIL">Persecution of Yazidis by ISIL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rebel_groups_in_Iraq" title="Category:Rebel groups in Iraq">Rebel groups in 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[\"CITEREFAl-Yaqoubi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Salhy2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlastair2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllam2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlmond2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArango2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAtranHamid2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAydınlı2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAymenn_Jawad_Al-Tamimi2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBadaraNagata2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaele2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBan_Ki-Moon2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrett2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeauchamp2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenhaidaal-Rubaye2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBin_Baz\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBirke2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlake2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoffey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBotobekov2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowering2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrian_CarterKathryn_TysonLiam_KarrPeter_Mills2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrowneMattingly2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBunzel2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBunzel2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBurke2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBussoletti2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFC._TuckerG._Pierpaoli_Jr.2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaillet2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaldwell2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCallimachi2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCallimachi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCallimachiKramer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCareyHaboushViscusi2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarisReynolds2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChotiner2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChulov2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFChulov2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChulov2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCockburn2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCockburn2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCotteeBloom2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowell2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrawford2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCreswellHaykel2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCrisis_Group2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrockett2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrooke2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrooke2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD._Kirkpatrick2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaragahi2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDearden2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDearden2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDehghanpisheh2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiallo2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEddy2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElbagirCruickshankTawfeeq2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis-Petersen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEngelhardt2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnsor2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErdbrink2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEshel2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEshel2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFabricius2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahmy2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFairfieldWallaceWatkins2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFishman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFouad\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFraile_Ordonez2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreifeld2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFG._Harris2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGambhir2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGander2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarland2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGartenstein-Ross2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerges2016\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFGhasemi2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhasemi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhosh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGishkori\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreyvenstein2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGude2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuthrie2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalleck2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHasan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHasan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHassan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHassan2015\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFHassan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaytham_Mustafa2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHubbard2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHubbard2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHubbardSchmitt2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHussein2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIgnatius2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIllingworth2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrshaid2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFIsmay2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJabbar2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacob_Poushter\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJebara2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonesDobbinsBymanChivvis2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoscelyn2015\"] = 8,\n [\"CITEREFJuan_Guaidó2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKadiShahin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKajjo2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKalmouki2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatz2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKerrLarkin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhader2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhalafJones2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhettab2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKingsley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirkpatrick2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKittleson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoninkrijksrelaties2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKourdi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKubba2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumenov2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLake2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaskar2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaw2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLilli2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLister2014\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFLomsadze2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuboldAbdulrahim2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaged2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahcupyan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMamouri2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManal\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMandhai2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManne2016\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFManne2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoe2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartinPatterson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthews2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthiesen2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMazzettiSchmittLandler2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAdams2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCants2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCoy2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCoy2014\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFMcGrath2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeek2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeleagrou-HitchensHughesClifford2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMilmo2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMishra2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoghadamFishman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoghadamFishman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohammed2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMortada2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMortimer2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMroue2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMroueRosa2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusa2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNABIH_BULOS2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaji2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNassif2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeumann2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewburger2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordland2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Donnell2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsbourne2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandey2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParaszczuk2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPastukhovGreenwold\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatience_AtuhaireJames_Gregory2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPayneStarrCullinane2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPedler2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerešin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerraudin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPloomSazanov2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoljarevic2021\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFPool2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProthero2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProthero2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrusher2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPugliese2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQaddour2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandal2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReardon2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuter2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichter_et_al.2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRickenbacher2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRikab2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobins-Early2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoggio2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoggio2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRohrlich2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomeroSchmidt2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoul2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuthven2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyan2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSaab2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaltman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaltmanWinter2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaul2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartz2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaikh2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherlock2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShinkman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShiv_Malik2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiegel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimon2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSly2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSly2015\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSoliman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpeckhard2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpencer2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpencer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStarr2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStonington2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStout2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrange2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFT.C._Millî_Savunma_Bakanlığı2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTausch2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeti2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTharoor2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Editorial_Board2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompsonShubert2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTodd2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTownsend2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTranWeaver2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrofimov2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUcko2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerkaik2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVickBaker2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWahlisch2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeaver2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeiss2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWeissHassan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWindrem2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWindrem2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinter2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinter2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWithnall2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWithnall2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWorley2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYuhasin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZelin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFal-Ibrahim2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFal-SaudWinter2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFal-Taie2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFمندي2015\"] = 1,\n [\"ISIS\"] = 1,\n [\"nations\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"AFG\"] = 2,\n [\"AZE\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Ambiguous\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"Armed groups in the Iraqi conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"BHR\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 7,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 10,\n [\"Bullet\"] = 58,\n [\"Category see also\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 4,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 19,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 306,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 179,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 13,\n [\"Color box\"] = 3,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"Excessive citations\"] = 1,\n [\"Excessive citations inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 33,\n [\"Flagcountry\"] = 110,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 9,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 5,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 54,\n [\"Flagu\"] = 28,\n [\"Full citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Google books\"] = 7,\n [\"Harvc\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 2,\n [\"History of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox war faction\"] = 1,\n [\"International military intervention against the Islamic State\"] = 1,\n [\"Islamic State\"] = 1,\n [\"Islamic terrorism in Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"Islamism\"] = 1,\n [\"Jihadism sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"KAZ\"] = 1,\n [\"KIA\"] = 13,\n [\"KWT\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 6,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Legend\"] = 20,\n [\"Literal translation\"] = 2,\n [\"Main\"] = 10,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 6,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"PHI\"] = 1,\n [\"POW\"] = 2,\n [\"Pipe\"] = 2,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 91,\n [\"Redirect-several\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 9,\n [\"Section link\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 10,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 7,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Singapore legislation\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"TJK\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 5,\n [\"US War on Terror\"] = 1,\n [\"US$\"] = 4,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"YEM\"] = 1,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","980","27.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","460","13.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","280","7.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","6.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","200","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","120","3.4"],["type","100","2.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","100","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","2.3"],["[others]","900","25.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-96xsn","timestamp":"20241129174256","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Islamic 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