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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geographical distribution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geographical_distribution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geographical distribution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geographical_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Nouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Syntax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Khalaj language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C9%99l%C9%99c_dili" title="Xələc dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xələc dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="خلج تورکجه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خلج تورکجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="খলজ ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খলজ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Халаджки език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Халаджки език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%27halajeg" title="C'halajeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="C'halajeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalaj" title="Khalaj – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Khalaj" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaladschische_Sprache" title="Chaladschische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chaladschische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_khalaj_(t%C3%BArquico)" title="Idioma khalaj (túrquico) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma khalaj (túrquico)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="زبان خلجی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان خلجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalaj" title="Khalaj – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khalaj" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halac_dili" title="Halac dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Halac dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%80%EC%96%B4" title="할라지어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="할라지어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hala%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Halački jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Halački jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Халаж тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Халаж тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalad%C5%BE%C5%B3_kalba" title="Chaladžų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chaladžų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Халачки јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Халачки јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalaj-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Khalaj-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Khalaj-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="ハラジ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハラジ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaladschisk_spriak" title="Chaladschisk spriak – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Chaladschisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalatsj" title="Khalatsj – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Khalatsj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xalaj_tili" title="Xalaj tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xalaj tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_khalaj,_turkic" title="Lenga khalaj, turkic – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga khalaj, turkic" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_khalaj" title="Língua khalaj – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua khalaj" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Халаджский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Халаджский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalad%C5%BE%C5%A1tina" title="Chaladžština – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chaladžština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalajsk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Chalajskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chalajskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halad%C5%BE_(turkijski_jezik)" title="Haladž (turkijski jezik) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Haladž (turkijski jezik)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halad%C5%BEin_kieli" title="Haladžin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Haladžin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%97_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Хәләҗ теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хәләҗ теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%86%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88" title="ภาษาแฆแลจ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาแฆแลจ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hala%C3%A7%C3%A7a" title="Halaçça – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Halaçça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Khalaj" title="Tiếng Khalaj – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Khalaj" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Turkic language spoken in western Iran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Klj" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/KLJ_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="KLJ (disambiguation)">KLJ</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Khalaj</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">خلج</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Khalaj_in_Nastaliq.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Khalaj_in_Nastaliq.svg/200px-Khalaj_in_Nastaliq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Khalaj_in_Nastaliq.svg/300px-Khalaj_in_Nastaliq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Khalaj_in_Nastaliq.svg/400px-Khalaj_in_Nastaliq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="151" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Khalaj in the Persian <a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nasta'liq</a> form</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Distributed throughout a number of villages in the <a href="/wiki/Markazi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Markazi Province">Markazi Province</a> from <a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ashtian" title="Ashtian">Ashtian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tafresh" title="Tafresh">Tafresh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalaj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">19,000 (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-Hamshahri_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamshahri-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Argu_languages" title="Argu languages">Arghu</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Khalaj</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early form</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;">Arghu </div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Talx-āb<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Xarrāb<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197818_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197818-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dāγān<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197820_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197820-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/klj" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:klj">klj</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/turk1303">turk1303</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4396">Khalaj</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Khalaj_Turkic_Language_distribution_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Khalaj_Turkic_Language_distribution_map.png/320px-Khalaj_Turkic_Language_distribution_map.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Khalaj_Turkic_Language_distribution_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="310" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Map of the location of the Khalaj Language.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Khalaj</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> language spoken in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Although it contains many old Turkic elements, it has become widely <a href="/wiki/Persianization" title="Persianization">Persianized</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnüppel2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnüppel2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖlmez1995_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖlmez1995-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khalaj has about 150 words of uncertain origin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197832_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197832-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surveys have found that most young <a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalaj</a> parents do not pass the language on to their children; only 5% of families teach their children the language.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamshahri_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamshahri-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Khalaj language is a descendant of an old Turkic language called Arghu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohansonCsató199881_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohansonCsató199881-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobbeets20158_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbeets20158-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 11th-century Turkic <a href="/wiki/Lexicographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexicographer">lexicographer</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Kashgari" title="Mahmud al-Kashgari">Mahmud al-Kashgari</a> was the first person to give written examples of the Khalaj language, which are mostly interchangeable with modern Khalaj.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖlmez1995_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖlmez1995-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Doerfer" title="Gerhard Doerfer">Gerhard Doerfer</a>, who rediscovered Khalaj, demonstrated that it was an independent branch from <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Turkic">Common Turkic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobbeets20158_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbeets20158-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Turkic languages are a <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language family</a> of at least 35 documented languages spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDybo2006766_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDybo2006766-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While initially thought to be closely related to <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>, linguistic studies, particularly those done by <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Doerfer" title="Gerhard Doerfer">Gerhard Doerfer</a>, led to the reclassification of Khalaj as a distinct non-<a href="/wiki/Oghuz_languages" title="Oghuz languages">Oghuz</a> branch of the Turkic language family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKıral200089_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKıral200089-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence for the reassignment includes the preservation of the vowel length contrasts found in <a href="/wiki/Proto-Turkic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Turkic">Proto-Turkic</a> (PT),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheungAydemir201580_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheungAydemir201580-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> word-initial *<i>h</i>, and the lack of the sound change *<i>d</i> > <i>y</i> characteristic of Oghuz languages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197822_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197822-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The conservative character of Khalaj can be seen by comparing the same words across different Turkic varieties. For example, in Khalaj, the word for 'foot' is <i>hadaq</i>, while the <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate word</a> in nearby Oghuz languages is <i>ayaq</i> (compare <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">ayak</i></span>). Because of the preservation of these archaic features, some scholars have speculated that the Khalaj people are the descendants of the Arghu Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuribayashi2021469_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuribayashi2021469-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO</a> formerly listed a <a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Northwestern Iranian language</a> named "Khalaj" with the same population figure as the Turkic language.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Khalaj speak their Turkic language and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, and the supposed Iranian language of the Khalaj is <a href="/wiki/Spurious_languages" title="Spurious languages">spurious</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_distribution">Geographical distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geographical distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_languages_in_Asia#Iran" title="List of endangered languages in Asia">List of endangered languages in Asia § Iran</a></div> <p>Khalaj is spoken mainly in <a href="/wiki/Markazi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Markazi Province">Markazi Province</a> in Iran distributed throughout a number of villages from <a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ashtian" title="Ashtian">Ashtian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tafresh" title="Tafresh">Tafresh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagagnin2020574_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagagnin2020574-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doerfer cites the number of speakers as approximately 17,000 in 1968, and 20,000 in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197817_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197817-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ethnologue</i> reports that the population of speakers grew to 42,107 by 2000;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (March 2020)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> however, in 2018 Khalaj poet and researcher Ali Asghar Jamrasi estimated the number of speakers to be 19,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamshahri_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamshahri-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialects">Dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main dialects of Khalaj are Northern and Southern. Within the dialect groupings, individual villages and groupings of speakers have distinct speech patterns.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The linguistic difference between the most distant dialects is not smaller (or even bigger) than <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Kazan Tatar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a> or between <a href="/wiki/Rumelian_Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumelian Turkish">Rumelian Turkish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197817_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197817-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Consonant phonemes<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShcherbak1997472_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShcherbak1997472-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Post-<br />alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stop</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricate</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td>ç [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span>] </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td>c [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span>] </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td>ş [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span>] </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td>ğ [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <caption>Vowel phonemes<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShcherbak1997472_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShcherbak1997472-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><small>unrounded</small> </th> <th><small>rounded</small> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td>i <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>]</span> í <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iː]</span> </td> <td>ü <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a>]</span> ű <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">yː</a>]</span> </td> <td>ı <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a>]</span> ì <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨː</a>]</span> </td> <td>u <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>]</span> ú <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td>e <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>]</span> é <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a>]</span> </td> <td>ö <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a>]</span> ő <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">øː</a>]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>o <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>]</span> ó <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td>ə <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a>]</span> ə́ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æː</a>]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>]</span> á <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a>]</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Doerfer claims that Khalaj retains three vowel lengths postulated for Proto-Turkic: long (e.g. <i>qán</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q<b>aː</b>n]</span> 'blood'), half-long (e.g. <i>bàş</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[b<b>aˑ</b>ʃ]</span> 'head') and short (e.g. <i>hat</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h<b>a</b>t]</span> 'horse').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer1971_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer1971-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerferTezcan1980_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerferTezcan1980-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Manaster_Ramer" title="Alexis Manaster Ramer">Alexis Manaster Ramer</a> challenges both the interpretation that Khalaj features three vowel lengths and that Proto-Turkic had the same three-way contrast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManaster_Ramer1995187–88_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManaster_Ramer1995187–88-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some vowels of Proto-Turkic are realized as falling <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthongs</a>, as in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[quo̯l]</span> 'arm'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Khalaj_language" title="Special:EditPage/Khalaj language">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morphology">Morphology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nouns">Nouns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nouns in Khalaj might receive a <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a> marker or <a href="/wiki/Possession_(linguistics)" title="Possession (linguistics)">possessive</a> marker. <a href="/wiki/Declension" title="Declension">Cases</a> in Khalaj include <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dative_case" title="Dative case">dative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Locative_case" title="Locative case">locative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ablative_case" title="Ablative case">ablative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instrumental_case" title="Instrumental case">instrumental</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Equative_case" title="Equative case">equative</a>. </p><p>Forms of case suffixes change based on vowel harmony and the consonants they follow. Case endings also interact with possessive suffixes. A table of basic case endings is provided below: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Case</th> <th>Suffix </th></tr> <tr> <td>Nominative</td> <td>∅ (unmarked) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genitive</td> <td>-Un, -u:y, -i:, -i:n </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dative</td> <td>-A, -KA </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accusative</td> <td>-I, -NI </td></tr> <tr> <td>Locative</td> <td>-čA </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ablative</td> <td>-dA </td></tr> <tr> <td>Instrumental</td> <td>-lAn, -lA, -nA </td></tr> <tr> <td>Equative</td> <td>-vāra </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The equative can also be expressed by the words <i>täkin</i>, <i>täki</i> and other forms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verbs">Verbs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Verbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verbs in Khalaj are <a href="/wiki/Inflection" title="Inflection">inflected</a> for <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatical voice">voice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_tense" title="Grammatical tense">tense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_aspect" title="Grammatical aspect">aspect</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Negation" title="Negation">negation</a>. Verbs consist of long strings of <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morphemes</a> in the following array: </p> <dl><dd><b>Stem + Voice + Negation + Tense/Aspect + Agreement</b></dd></dl> <p>Due to Persian influence, Khalaj has, like <a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a>, lost <a href="/wiki/Converb" title="Converb">converb</a> constructions of the form <span class="nowrap">-Ib/-Ip</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntax">Syntax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khalaj employs <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">subject–object–verb</a> word order. <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">Adjectives</a> precede <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">nouns</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Khalaj_language" title="Special:EditPage/Khalaj language">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The core of Khalaj vocabulary is Turkic, but many words have been borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>. Words from neighboring Turkic languages (namely Azerbaijani), have also made their way into Khalaj. </p><p>For example, Khalaj numbers are Turkic in form, but some speakers replace the forms for "80" and "90" with Persian terms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Excerpt from Doerfer & Tezcan 1994, transliterated by Doerfer:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerferTezcan1994158–159_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerferTezcan1994158–159-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#eee;">Translation </th> <th style="background:#eee;"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th style="background:#eee;">In <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Once, Mullah Nasreddin had a son. </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">biː ki.niː mol.laː nas.ɾæd.diː.niːn oɣ.lu vaːɾ-aɾ.ti</span> </td> <td>Bí kiní mollá nasrəddínín oğlu vár-arti. </td></tr> <tr> <td>He said, "Oh Father, I want a wife." </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">hay.dɨ ki "æj baː.ba, mæŋ ki.ʃi ʃæj.jo.ɾum"</span> </td> <td>Haüdı ki "Əy bába, məñ kişi şəyyorum." </td></tr> <tr> <td>He said, "My dear, we have a cow; take this cow and sell it. Come with the proceeds, we shall buy you a wife!" </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">hay.dɨ ki "bɒː.ba bi.zym biː sɨ.ɣɨ.ɾɨ.myz vaːɾ, je.tip bo sɨ.ɣɨ.ɾɨ saː.tɨ, naɣd ʃæj.i puˑ.lĩn, jæk biz sæ̃ ki.ʃi al.duq"</span> </td> <td>Haüdı ki "Bába bizüm bí sığırımüz vár, yetip bo sığırı sátı. Nağd şəyi púlín, yək biz sə̃ kişi alduq!" </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A piece of <a href="/wiki/Folk_poetry" title="Folk poetry">folk poetry</a> by Abdullah Vasheqani, <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics)">transcribed</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_alphabet" title="Common Turkic alphabet">Common Turkic alphabet</a> and translated into English by Hasan Güzel:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGüzel2022100_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGüzel2022100-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> </p> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p> Vaşqan baluqum xeleç teq var tilim<br />  canumda yiter baluqum o tilim<br />  til o baluqumu dunyalan teyişmem<br />  Vaşqan turpaqum o xeleç teq tilim<br />   </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p> Vasheqan my village, Khalaj my language<br />  Better than my life, my language and village<br />  I wouldn’t change my language and village for the world<br />  Vasheqan is my land, and Khalaj is my language </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hamshahri-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hamshahri_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamshahri_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamshahri_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hamshahrionline.ir/news/451382/زبان-خلجی-در-حال-انقراض"><bdi lang="fa">زبان خلجی در حال انقراض</bdi></a> [Endangered Khalaj language]. <i><a href="/wiki/Hamshahri" title="Hamshahri">Hamshahri Online</a></i> (in Persian). 2019-08-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409160016/https://www.hamshahrionline.ir/news/451382/زبان-خلجی-در-حال-انقراض">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hamshahri+Online&rft.atitle=%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AC%DB%8C+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6&rft.date=2019-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hamshahrionline.ir%2Fnews%2F451382%2F%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AC%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoerfer1978">Doerfer 1978</a>, p. 17: "Thus, the western dialects, e.g. of Talx-āb, are regarded by other Khalaj as a different language, and this is a well tenable conception."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197818-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197818_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoerfer1978">Doerfer 1978</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197820-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197820_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoerfer1978">Doerfer 1978</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnüppel2010-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnüppel2010_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnüppel2010">Knüppel 2010</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFKnüppel2010 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖlmez1995-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖlmez1995_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖlmez1995_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÖlmez1995">Ölmez 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197832-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197832_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoerfer1978">Doerfer 1978</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohansonCsató199881-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohansonCsató199881_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohansonCsató1998">Johanson & Csató 1998</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbeets20158-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobbeets20158_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobbeets20158_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobbeets2015">Robbeets 2015</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDybo2006766-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDybo2006766_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDybo2006">Dybo 2006</a>, p. 766.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKıral200089-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKıral200089_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKıral2000">Kıral 2000</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheungAydemir201580-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheungAydemir201580_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheungAydemir2015">Cheung & Aydemir 2015</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197822-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197822_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoerfer1978">Doerfer 1978</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuribayashi2021469-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuribayashi2021469_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuribayashi2021">Kuribayashi 2021</a>, p. 469.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130402221134/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kjf">"Khalaj"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i> (17th ed.). SIL International. Archived from the original on 2013-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-18</span></span>. <q>Different from Turkic Khalaj [klj] in Iran.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Khalaj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fkjf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-026.pdf">"Request Number 2019-026 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SIL International. 2019-03-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Request+Number+2019-026+for+Change+to+ISO+639-3+Language+Code&rft.pub=SIL+International&rft.date=2019-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiso639-3.sil.org%2Fsites%2Fiso639-3%2Ffiles%2Fchange_requests%2F2019%2F2019-026.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERagagnin2020574-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagagnin2020574_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRagagnin2020">Ragagnin 2020</a>, p. 574.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197817-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197817_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer197817_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoerfer1978">Doerfer 1978</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/22/language/klj">Khalaj language</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (22nd ed., 2019) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShcherbak1997472-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShcherbak1997472_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShcherbak1997472_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShcherbak1997">Shcherbak 1997</a>, p. 472.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerfer1971-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerfer1971_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoerfer1971">Doerfer 1971</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerferTezcan1980-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerferTezcan1980_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoerferTezcan1980">Doerfer & Tezcan 1980</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManaster_Ramer1995187–88-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManaster_Ramer1995187–88_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManaster_Ramer1995">Manaster Ramer 1995</a>, pp. 187–88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoerferTezcan1994158–159-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoerferTezcan1994158–159_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoerferTezcan1994">Doerfer & Tezcan 1994</a>, pp. 158–159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGüzel2022100-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGüzel2022100_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGüzel2022">Güzel 2022</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheungAydemir2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cheung, Johnny; Aydemir, Hakan (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01246193">"Turco-Afghanica: On East Iranian *amarnā and Turkic alma, alïmla, almïla 'apple'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. In Pelevin, Mikhail (ed.). <i>Turco-Afghanica</i> <bdi lang="ru">"На Пастбище Мысли Благой". Сборник статей к юбилею И. М. Стеблин-Каменского</bdi> [<i>"On the Pasture of Good Thoughts": Collected Articles for the Anniversary of I. M. Steblin-Kamensky</i>] (in Russian and English). Saint Petersburg: Kontrast. pp. 73–94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785438001256" title="Special:BookSources/9785438001256"><bdi>9785438001256</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1038607183">1038607183</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turco-Afghanica%3A+On+East+Iranian+%2Aamarn%C4%81+and+Turkic+alma%2C+al%C3%AFmla%2C+alm%C3%AFla+%27apple%27&rft.btitle=Turco-Afghanica+%22%D0%9D%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9%22.+%D0%A1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BA+%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8E+%D0%98.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=73-94&rft.pub=Kontrast&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1038607183&rft.isbn=9785438001256&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=Johnny&rft.au=Aydemir%2C+Hakan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhal-01246193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoerfer1971" class="citation book cs1">Doerfer, Gerhard (1971). <i>Khalaj Materials</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780877501503" title="Special:BookSources/9780877501503"><bdi>9780877501503</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/240052">240052</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Khalaj+Materials&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Publications&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F240052&rft.isbn=9780877501503&rft.aulast=Doerfer&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoerfer1978" class="citation journal cs1">Doerfer, Gerhard (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/belleten/issue/42810/515476">"Khalaj and its relation to the other Turkic languages"</a>. <i>Yearbook of Turkic Studies – Belleten 1977</i>. <b>25</b>: 17–32. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0564-5050">0564-5050</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152436/https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/belleten/issue/42810/515476">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-09-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yearbook+of+Turkic+Studies+%E2%80%93+Belleten+1977&rft.atitle=Khalaj+and+its+relation+to+the+other+Turkic+languages&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=17-32&rft.date=1978&rft.issn=0564-5050&rft.aulast=Doerfer&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdergipark.org.tr%2Fen%2Fpub%2Fbelleten%2Fissue%2F42810%2F515476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoerferTezcan1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Doerfer, Gerhard; Tezcan, Semih (1980). <i>Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab)</i> [<i>Khalaj Dictionary (Charrab Dialect)</i>]. Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica (in German and Khalaj). Vol. 26. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789630518420" title="Special:BookSources/9789630518420"><bdi>9789630518420</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8095415">8095415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=W%C3%B6rterbuch+des+Chaladsch+%28Dialekt+von+Charrab%29&rft.place=Budapest&rft.series=Bibliotheca+Orientalis+Hungarica&rft.pub=Akad%C3%A9miai+Kiad%C3%B3&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8095415&rft.isbn=9789630518420&rft.aulast=Doerfer&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Tezcan%2C+Semih&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language" title="Category:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoerferTezcan1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Doerfer, Gerhard; Tezcan, Semih (1994). <i>Folklore-Texte der Chaladsch</i> [<i>Folklore Texts of the Khalaj</i>] (in German and Khalaj). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783447034845" title="Special:BookSources/9783447034845"><bdi>9783447034845</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32612731">32612731</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folklore-Texte+der+Chaladsch&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32612731&rft.isbn=9783447034845&rft.aulast=Doerfer&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Tezcan%2C+Semih&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language" title="Category:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDybo2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Dybo" title="Anna Dybo">Dybo, Anna</a> (2006). <bdi lang="ru">Хронология тюркских языков и лингвистические контакты ранних тюрков</bdi> [Chronology of Turkic languages and linguistic contacts of early Turks]. In Tenišev, E. R.; Dybo, A. V. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/xronol_tu.pdf"><bdi lang="ru">Пратюркский язык-основа. Картина мира пратюркского этноса по данным языка</bdi></a> [<i>Proto-Turkic Base Language: A Picture of the World of the Proto-Turks According to Their Language</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Сравнительно-историческая грамматика тюркских языков [Comparative-Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages] (in Russian). Vol. 6. Moscow: Nauka. pp. 766–817. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785020327108" title="Special:BookSources/9785020327108"><bdi>9785020327108</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13008487">13008487</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181217110833/http://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/xronol_tu.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2018-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.place=Moscow&rft.series=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%5BComparative-Historical+Grammar+of+Turkic+Languages%5D&rft.pages=766-817&rft.pub=Nauka&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13008487&rft.isbn=9785020327108&rft.aulast=Dybo&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltaica.ru%2FLIBRARY%2Fxronol_tu.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGüzel2022" class="citation journal cs1">Güzel, Hasan (Winter 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.58242%2Fmillifolklor.1038429">"Khalaj Literary Production in an Electronic Cultural Environment in the Context of Cultural Sustainability"</a>. <i>Millî Folklor</i>. <b>17</b> (136): 94–108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.58242%2Fmillifolklor.1038429">10.58242/millifolklor.1038429</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2146-8087">2146-8087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mill%C3%AE+Folklor&rft.atitle=Khalaj+Literary+Production+in+an+Electronic+Cultural+Environment+in+the+Context+of+Cultural+Sustainability&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=136&rft.pages=94-108&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.58242%2Fmillifolklor.1038429&rft.issn=2146-8087&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCzel&rft.aufirst=Hasan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.58242%252Fmillifolklor.1038429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKıral2000" class="citation book cs1">Kıral, Filiz (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8VEiAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA89">"Reflections on –miš in Khalaj"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Lars_Johanson" title="Lars Johanson">Johanson, Lars</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bo_Utas" title="Bo Utas">Utas, Bo</a> (eds.). <i>Evidentials: Turkic, Iranian and Neighbouring Languages</i>. The Hague: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 89–102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110805284" title="Special:BookSources/9783110805284"><bdi>9783110805284</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/868974004">868974004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reflections+on+%E2%80%93mi%C5%A1+in+Khalaj&rft.btitle=Evidentials%3A+Turkic%2C+Iranian+and+Neighbouring+Languages&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pages=89-102&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F868974004&rft.isbn=9783110805284&rft.aulast=K%C4%B1ral&rft.aufirst=Filiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8VEiAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnüppel2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Knüppel, Michael (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/khalaj-ii-language">"ḴALAJ ii. Ḵalaji Language"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition</i>. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211214800/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/khalaj-ii-language">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B4ALAJ+ii.+%E1%B8%B4alaji+Language&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica%2C+Online+Edition&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica+Foundation&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Kn%C3%BCppel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fkhalaj-ii-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuribayashi2021" class="citation book cs1">Kuribayashi, Yuu (2021). "Turkish and Uyghur verb-verb complexes in contrast". In Kageyama, Taro; <a href="/wiki/Peter_E._Hook" title="Peter E. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 455–470. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198759508.003.0017">10.1093/oso/9780198759508.003.0017</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191077432" title="Special:BookSources/9780191077432"><bdi>9780191077432</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1245491300">1245491300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turkish+and+Uyghur+verb-verb+complexes+in+contrast&rft.btitle=Verb-Verb+Complexes+in+Asian+Languages&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Oxford+Linguistics&rft.pages=455-470&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1245491300&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198759508.003.0017&rft.isbn=9780191077432&rft.aulast=Kuribayashi&rft.aufirst=Yuu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohansonCsató1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lars_Johanson" title="Lars Johanson">Johanson, Lars</a>; Csató, Éva Ágnes (1998). <i>The Turkic Languages</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415082006" title="Special:BookSources/9780415082006"><bdi>9780415082006</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40980286">40980286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turkic+Languages&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40980286&rft.isbn=9780415082006&rft.aulast=Johanson&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft.au=Csat%C3%B3%2C+%C3%89va+%C3%81gnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManaster_Ramer1995" class="citation journal cs1">Manaster Ramer, Alexis (1995). "Khalaj (and Turkic) vowel lengths revisited". <i>Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes</i>. <b>85</b>: 187–197. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23866156">23866156</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wiener+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+die+Kunde+des+Morgenlandes&rft.atitle=Khalaj+%28and+Turkic%29+vowel+lengths+revisited&rft.volume=85&rft.pages=187-197&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23866156%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Manaster+Ramer&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖlmez1995" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ölmez, Mehmet (February 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/ESKI%20TURK%20DILI/mehmet_olmez_halaclar_ve_halacca.pdf">"Halaçlar ve Halaçça"</a> [Khalajis and Khalaj] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Çağdaş Türk Dili</i> (in Turkish). <b>7</b> (84): 15–22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1300-1345">1300-1345</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/222016380">222016380</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111112035305/http://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/ESKI%20TURK%20DILI/mehmet_olmez_halaclar_ve_halacca.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2011-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%87a%C4%9Fda%C5%9F+T%C3%BCrk+Dili&rft.atitle=Hala%C3%A7lar+ve+Hala%C3%A7%C3%A7a&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=84&rft.pages=15-22&rft.date=1995-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F222016380&rft.issn=1300-1345&rft.aulast=%C3%96lmez&rft.aufirst=Mehmet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fturkoloji.cu.edu.tr%2FESKI%2520TURK%2520DILI%2Fmehmet_olmez_halaclar_ve_halacca.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagagnin2020" class="citation journal cs1">Ragagnin, E. (August 2020). "Major and Minor Turkic Language Islands in Iran with a Special Focus on Khalaj". <i>Iranian Studies</i>. <b>53</b> (3–4): 573–588. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210862.2020.1740881">10.1080/00210862.2020.1740881</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218924277">218924277</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=Major+and+Minor+Turkic+Language+Islands+in+Iran+with+a+Special+Focus+on+Khalaj&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=573-588&rft.date=2020-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210862.2020.1740881&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218924277%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ragagnin&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbeets2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martine_Robbeets" title="Martine Robbeets">Robbeets, Martine</a> (2015). <i>Diachrony of Verb Morphology: Japanese and the Transeurasian Languages</i>. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110399943">10.1515/9783110399943</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110378238" title="Special:BookSources/9783110378238"><bdi>9783110378238</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1861-4302">1861-4302</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/945754396">945754396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diachrony+of+Verb+Morphology%3A+Japanese+and+the+Transeurasian+Languages&rft.place=Berlin+%26+Boston&rft.series=Trends+in+Linguistics.+Studies+and+Monographs&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F945754396&rft.issn=1861-4302&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110399943&rft.isbn=9783110378238&rft.aulast=Robbeets&rft.aufirst=Martine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShcherbak1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shcherbak, A. M. (1997). <bdi lang="ru">Xaлaджcкий язык</bdi> [Khalaj language]. In Tenišev, E. R. (ed.). <bdi lang="ru">Тюркские языки</bdi> [<i>Turkic Languages</i>]. Языки мира [Languages of the World] (in Russian). Vol. 2. Moscow: Indrik. pp. 470–476. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785857590614" title="Special:BookSources/9785857590614"><bdi>9785857590614</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/68040217">68040217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Xa%D0%BBa%D0%B4%D0%B6c%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.place=Moscow&rft.series=%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0+%5BLanguages+of+the+World%5D&rft.pages=470-476&rft.pub=Indrik&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F68040217&rft.isbn=9785857590614&rft.aulast=Shcherbak&rft.aufirst=A.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosnalı2012" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bosnalı, Soneli (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karam.org.tr/Makaleler/2144445610_004%20bosnali.pdf">"Dil Edimi Açisindan Halaççanin Konumu"</a> [Position of Khalaj Language in Terms of Acquisition] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Karadeniz Araştırmaları</i> [<i>Journal of Black Sea Studies</i>] (in Turkish), <b>9</b> (32): 45–67, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180424201048/http://www.karam.org.tr/Makaleler/2144445610_004%20bosnali.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2018-04-24</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Karadeniz+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1&rft.atitle=Dil+Edimi+A%C3%A7isindan+Hala%C3%A7%C3%A7anin+Konumu&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=45-67&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Bosnal%C4%B1&rft.aufirst=Soneli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.karam.org.tr%2FMakaleler%2F2144445610_004%2520bosnali.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworthDoerfer2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; Doerfer, G. (2012). "K̲h̲alad̲j̲". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Islam">Encyclopedia of Islam</a></i> (2nd ed.). Brill. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0485">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0485</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=K%CC%B2h%CC%B2alad%CC%B2j%CC%B2&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0485&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=C.+E.&rft.au=Doerfer%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bulut, Christiane. "The Turkic varieties of Iran". In: <i>The Languages and Linguistics of Western Asia: An Areal Perspective</i>. Edited by Geoffrey Haig and Geoffrey Khan. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2019. pp. 398–444. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110421682-013">https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110421682-013</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoerfer1985" class="citation journal cs1">Doerfer, Gerhard (1985). "Kabulafscharisch Und Chaladsch (Ein Beitrag Mit Vielen Fragezeichen)". <i>Central Asiatic Journal</i>. <b>29</b> (3/4): 166–75. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41927483">41927483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+Asiatic+Journal&rft.atitle=Kabulafscharisch+Und+Chaladsch+%28Ein+Beitrag+Mit+Vielen+Fragezeichen%29&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=166-75&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41927483%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Doerfer&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoerfer1988" class="citation book cs1">Doerfer, Gerhard (1988). <i>Grammatik des Chaladsch</i> [<i>Grammar of Khalaj</i>]. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783447028653" title="Special:BookSources/9783447028653"><bdi>9783447028653</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21035642">21035642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grammatik+des+Chaladsch&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21035642&rft.isbn=9783447028653&rft.aulast=Doerfer&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoerfer1997" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Doerfer, Gerhard (1997). "Türkische Sprachen Und Dialekte in Iran". <i>Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes</i> (in German). <b>87</b>: 41–63. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23863155">23863155</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wiener+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+die+Kunde+des+Morgenlandes&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrkische+Sprachen+Und+Dialekte+in+Iran&rft.volume=87&rft.pages=41-63&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23863155%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Doerfer&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKabak2004" class="citation cs2">Kabak, Barış (2004), "Acquiring phonology is not acquiring inventories but contrasts: The loss of Turkic and Korean primary long vowels", <i>Linguistic Typology</i>, <b>8</b> (3): 351–368, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Flity.2004.8.3.351">10.1515/lity.2004.8.3.351</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:122917987">122917987</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Linguistic+Typology&rft.atitle=Acquiring+phonology+is+not+acquiring+inventories+but+contrasts%3A+The+loss+of+Turkic+and+Korean+primary+long+vowels&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=351-368&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Flity.2004.8.3.351&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A122917987%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kabak&rft.aufirst=Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManaster_Ramer1997" class="citation journal cs1">Manaster Ramer, Alexis (1997). "Khalaj Vowel Lengths: A Reevaluation of the Bazin Data". <i>Central Asiatic Journal</i>. <b>41</b> (1): 35–37. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41928087">41928087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+Asiatic+Journal&rft.atitle=Khalaj+Vowel+Lengths%3A+A+Reevaluation+of+the+Bazin+Data&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=35-37&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41928087%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Manaster+Ramer&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span> Accessed 3 Jan. 2023.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinorsky1940" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Minorsky" title="Vladimir Minorsky">Minorsky, V.</a> (1940), "The Turkish Dialect of the Khalaj", <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies</i>, <b>10</b> (2): 417–437, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00087607">10.1017/S0041977X00087607</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/608400">608400</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162589866">162589866</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Turkish+Dialect+of+the+Khalaj&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=417-437&rft.date=1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162589866%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F608400%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00087607&rft.aulast=Minorsky&rft.aufirst=V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoppe1983" class="citation journal cs1">Poppe, Nikolaus (1983). "Chaladsch und die Altaische Sprachwissenschaft". <i>Central Asiatic Journal</i>. <b>27</b> (1/2): 112–120. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41927392">41927392</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+Asiatic+Journal&rft.atitle=Chaladsch+und+die+Altaische+Sprachwissenschaft&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=112-120&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41927392%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Poppe&rft.aufirst=Nikolaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalaj+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.language-archives.org/language/klj">Resources in and about the Turkic Khalaj language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/316083/Khalaj-language">Khalaj language</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iran" title="Languages of Iran">Languages of Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_Persian" title="Iranian Persian">Iranian</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achomi_language" title="Achomi language">Achomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Xwarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laki_language" title="Laki language">Laki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_language" title="Gorani language">Gorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luri_language" title="Luri language">Luri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilaki_language" title="Gilaki language">Gilaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazanderani_language" title="Mazanderani language">Mazanderani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_language" title="Talysh language">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tati_language_(Iran)" title="Tati language (Iran)">Tati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_language" title="Semnani language">Semnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turkic" title="Khorasani Turkic">Khorasani Turkic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_languages" title="Circassian languages">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadgali_language" title="Jadgali language">Jadgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zargari_Romani" title="Zargari Romani">Zargari Romani</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khalaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Working_language" title="Working language">Working languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Sign Language">Persian Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qahveh_Khaneh_Sign_Language" title="Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language">Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkic_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_languages" title="Template:Turkic languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_languages" title="Template talk:Turkic languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkic_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Turkic_language" title="Proto-Turkic language"><i>Proto-Turkic</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Argu_languages" title="Argu languages">Argu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argu_languages" title="Argu languages"><i>Argu</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khalaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Karluk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Northern Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Uzbek_language" title="Southern Uzbek language">Southern Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turki_language" title="Ili Turki language">Ili Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoton_language" title="Khoton language">Khoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lop_dialect" title="Lop dialect">Lop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_language" title="Äynu language">Äynu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Old</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language"><i>Chagatai</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakhanid_language" title="Karakhanid language"><i>Karakhanid</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorezmian_Turkic" title="Khorezmian Turkic"><i>Khorezmian</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatar_dialect" title="Mishar Tatar dialect">Mishar Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaibak_dialect" title="Nagaibak dialect">Nagaibak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Tatar"><i>Old Tatar</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Kipchak_language" title="Armeno-Kipchak language"><i>Armeno-Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language"><i>Cuman</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk-Kipchak_language" title="Mamluk-Kipchak language"><i>Mamluk-Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urum_language" title="Urum language">Urum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kyrgyz</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fergana_Kipchak_language" title="Fergana Kipchak language"><i>Fergana Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamir_Kyrgyz_dialect" title="Pamir Kyrgyz dialect">Pamir Kyrgyz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatar_language" title="Siberian Tatar language">Siberian Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baraba_dialect" title="Baraba dialect">Baraba</a></li> <li>Tom</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern Altai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telengit_language" title="Telengit language">Telengit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleut_language" title="Teleut language">Teleut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nogai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar" title="Dobrujan Tatar">Dobrujan Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">Karakalpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_language" title="Nogai language">Nogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatar_language" title="Siberian Tatar language">Siberian Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobol-Irtysh_dialect" title="Tobol-Irtysh dialect">Tobol-Irtysh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_languages" title="Oghuz languages">Oghuz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salar_language" title="Salar language">Salar</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turkic" title="Khorasani Turkic">Khorasani Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trukhmen_dialect" title="Trukhmen dialect">Trukhmen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_dialect" title="Afshar dialect">Afshari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahali_Turkic" title="Chaharmahali Turkic">Chaharmahali Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonqori_dialect" title="Sonqori dialect">Sonqori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language#North_Azerbaijani" title="Azerbaijani language">North Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language#South_Azerbaijani" title="Azerbaijani language">South Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajem-Turkic" title="Ajem-Turkic"><i>Ajem-Turkic</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Gagauz_language" title="Balkan Gagauz language">Balkan Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_language" title="Gagauz language">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs#Language" title="Karapapakhs"><i>Karapapakh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karamanli_Turkish" title="Karamanli Turkish"><i>Karamanli Turkish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Anatolian_Turkish" title="Old Anatolian Turkish"><i>Old Anatolian Turkish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish"><i>Ottoman Turkish</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Turkic_languages" title="Siberian Turkic languages">Siberian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolgan_language" title="Dolgan language">Dolgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_language" title="Yakut language">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chulym_language" title="Chulym language">Chulym</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sayan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steppe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dukhan_language" title="Dukhan language">Dukhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot_language" title="Soyot language">Soyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofa_language" title="Tofa language">Tofa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yenisei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas_language" title="Khakas language">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Altai_language" title="Northern Altai language">Northern Altai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelkan_language" title="Chelkan language">Chelkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandin_language" title="Kumandin language">Kumandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubalar_language" title="Tubalar language">Tuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shor_language" title="Shor language">Shor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic" title="Old Turkic">Old</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur"><i>Old Uyghur</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkhon_Turkic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkhon Turkic language"><i>Orkhon Turkic</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oghur_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Oghur languages">Oghur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_language" title="Bulgar language"><i>Bulgar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputed classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_language" title="Khazar language"><i>Khazar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecheneg_language" title="Pecheneg language"><i>Pecheneg</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Potentially Turkic languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Di_(Five_Barbarians)" title="Di (Five Barbarians)"><i>Di</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_language" title="Hunnic language"><i>Hunnic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_language" title="Jie language"><i>Jie</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars#Language" title="Pannonian Avars"><i>Pannonian Avar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_language" title="Tuoba language"><i>Tuoba</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusun#Language" title="Wusun"><i>Wusun</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu_language" title="Xiongnu language"><i>Xiongnu</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creoles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pidgin" title="Pidgin">pidgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou_language" title="Hezhou language">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurbet_language" title="Kurbet language">Kurbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoqmon%C4%8Daq_language" title="Qoqmončaq language">Qoqmončaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&oldid=1259451944">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&oldid=1259451944</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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